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pletely self-contained. Thankls to transistorization,you're assured of absolute reliability in perform-ance. This reliability even extends to cold-roomenvironments where temperature often causeserratic operation or complete instrument failure.

Q. How does the Vanguard Volumatic Fraction Collector affecthold-up and mixing?A. In volumetrically controlled separations, hold-up and mix-ing are virtually eliminated between fractions.Q. How is this reduction possible?A. The Model 1000 uses a unique system of repetitive cuts fora single sample, in conjunction with a photo-electric sensingdevice. It actually collects from one to ten times the siphon-volume in each test tube. You simply dial the number of timesyou want the siphon filled and discharged into each test tube.Q. Is theiModel 1000 compact and portable?A. Vanguard's Model 1000 is highly compact. Specifically: 25'wide, 30' long and 6' high. So, you make maximum use oflaboratory and cold-room space. The Volumatic weighs lessthan 50 lbs. Yet, because the instrument cabinet is cast alumi-num, you get the strength and rigidity needed for large columnsand ancillary equipment.Q. Any other facts?A. Interchangeable turntables for 13mm, 15mm and 18mm testtubes are standard accessories. There's a complete selection ofsiphons. For increasedversatility,a time and drop counting plug-in unit is available.Q. Where can I get more information?A. For complete information about the Model 1000, write:Vanguard Instrument Company, Box 244, LaGrange, Illinois.

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SCIENCE, VOL. 141678

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SCIENCE, VOL. 141706

RadiochromatographyThe data producing capabilities of ana-lytical radiochromatography now canbe expanded through the use ofNuclear-Chicago's new systems forqualitative and quantitative determina-tions. These versatile systems detectand record radioactivity in paper,thin-layer, liquid-column, or gas chro-matography procedures.

Model 1032 Actigraph is the only stripchromatogram scanner that offers 4-pidetecting geometry with a choice of win-dow or windowless operation. By scan-ning both sides of the strip, the Actigraphvirtually doubles the sensitivity of the 2-pimethod and delivers correspondinglyhigher resolution. Efficiencies of 10% forcarbon-14 and 2% for tritium can be ob-tained with a background of 15 counts perminute or less. For thin-layer chromatog-raphy techniques an adapter kit, Model1039, is available for use with Actigraphsystems. This low-cost assembly permitsautomatic scanning of the 2-inch-wideglass plates used in thin-layer studies.

-Chroma/Cell bench top detector systemsautomatically and continuously monitorthe radioactive effluent of a liquid chrom-atography column. Efficiencies are ashigh as 28% to 40% for carbon-14 and 1%to 2.5% for tritium; background rates arelow. Data presentation options includefast digital print-out and analog recordingwith choice of linear or logarithmic rate-meters and single-channel, dual-channel,or integrating graphic recorders. Chroma/Cell dstectors are also available separatelyfor use with your present Nuclear-ChicagoLiquid Scintillation Spectrometer.

23 AUGUST 1963

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Models 6724 and 6725 are automatic sys-tems with controlled-temperature cham-bers that maintain optimum countingenvironment for up to 150 samples. Asolid-state, three-scaler/timer providespreset time, preset count, or time/count.

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Proved reliability has established Model1040 as the most widely accepted auto-matic changer for samples of 1% inchdiameter or smaller. This instrument willhandle over 70 samples, and it can beoperated with a windowless or thin-window gas-flow detector. Included in theread-out options available with 14 inchplanchet systems is the Model 8710 Dec-ade Scaler. This versatile new instrumentoffers sample number, time, and countprint-out at a modest price.

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to C'3a, C'3c, and C'3b described byNelson et al. An additional factor,C'3d, has also been described. Thisterminology, therefore, is complicatedbecause it reflects both the behavior ofthese factors on DEAE-cellulose chro-matography and the order in whichthey were discovered. Thus, the sym-bols bear no relationship to thesequence of action of the various fac-tors. The committee was charged withthe task of resolving these nomenclatureproblems on the basis of experimentalevidence. It was agreed that the presentsymbols should be replaced by C'3, C'S,C'6, and C'7 when the members of thecommittee reach agreement concerningthe identity and sequence of action ofthe several C'3 factors now recognized.The meeting was sponsored by the

Immunology Section, Diagnostic Re-search Branch, of the National CancerInstitute. It was attended by 84 per-sons. This report was prepared afterconsultation with the participants.

HERBERT J. RAPPTIBOR BORSOS

National Institutes of Health,National Cancer Institute,Diagnostic Research Branch,Bethesda 14, Maryiand

Note1. Complement (C') is a group of naturally

occurring macromolecular serum factors whichinteract with antigen-antibody complexes. Ifthe antigen (S) on the surface of anerythrocyte (E) is in combination with specificantibody (A), the complex (SA), or in cellu-lar terms, EA, can interact with C' and as aresult the cell is destroyed. The C' compo-nents act in the sequence C'1, C'4, C'2, C'3.The third component (C'3) is not a singlefactor. EAC'1 is a complex produced byinteracting EA and C'1, similarly complexesreacting further in the sequence are designatedEAC'1,4, EAC'1,4,2, and so forth. A cellwhich has reacted with A and all the com-ponents of C' is designated E*. Cells in thestate E release their hemoglobin at a ratedependent on temperature. In molecular terms,the symbol E is replaced by the symbol S.Ri, R2, Ra, and R4 refer to sera so treated thatC'1, C'2, C'3, and C'4, respectively, are lack-ing. Terms beginning with the symbol ,B referto components identified by immunoelectro-phoretic analysis. See also E. A. Kabat andM. M. Mayer, Experimental Immunochemis-try (Thomas, Springfield, Ill., ed. 2, 1961).

Thirst: Regulation of Body Water

Scientists representing many disci-plines focused their attention on a com-mon problem, water intake in the regu-lation of body fluids, at a conferenceheld at Florida State University, Tal-lahassee, 1-3 May.

In the opening address E. R. Adolph(Rochester) discussed terminology,quantitative relations between waterdeficit and drinking, the history of these

740

concepts, and the evolution of modernexperimental methods. As there is no"unique stimulus" for drinking, Adolphemphasized the need to specify anddetermine the relationships between themultiple factors related to drinkingand the regulation of volume and dilu-tion in the animal body. The emphasison the remarkable differences in waterintake between species and among in-dividuals was amplified by Hudson's(Rice) comprehensive treatment ofwater regulation in desert mammalsand Cade's (Syracuse) analysis ofwater and salt balance in granivorousbirds. The multiple-factor concept ofthe determination of water intake wasconfirmed by much of the evidence pre-sented.

Minimal water requirements underconditions of heat and work were dis-cussed by Henschel (U.S. Public HealthService, Cincinnati, Ohio). Althoughdifficult to determine because of differ-ences in individuals, conditions ofwork, and environment, considerabledata are available and specific recom-mendations can be made for a varietyof situations. Several physical andchemical methods have been developedto provide an adequate supply of waterunder unusual environmental condi-tions, such as shipwreck at sea or con-finement for prolonged periods in anenclosed vehicle (Sendroy, U.S.N.Medical Research Institute, Bethesda).Interactions of water, food, and tem-perature regulation in the monkey dur-ing short-term heat and cold stresswere described by Hamilton (VeteransAdministration Hospital, Coatesville,Pennsylvania).Holmes (Colorado) demonstrated

that thirst is still a serious considerationin clinical medicine where the oral fac-tors are important determinants of fluidintake. Interactions among osmoticpressure, salivary flow, vasopressin,plasma volume, and water intake wereemphasized by Towbin (VA Hospital,Little Rock). He also speculated on therole of specific "taste" afferents in thedetermination of fluid intake. Towbin'sdiscussion of the role of gastrointestinalfactors in the absorption of water andsatiety was followed by Jacobs (Illi-nois, Urbana) who reported on the ex-perimental separation of oral and gas-tric factors in water-food ingestion inthe rat. An interesting analysis of psy-chogenic polydipsia emphasized thatwithout proper tests this condition canbe confused with diabetes insipidus(Falk, Michigan). Effects of propyl-thiouracil, thiouracil, and methimazole

SCIENCE, VOL. 141

23 AUGUST 1963

Antimicrobial Agents andChemotherapy-i962

-Proceedings of the Second lnterscience Conferenceon Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy

-Chicago, October 31-November 2, 1962

-Sponsored by the American Society for Microbiology

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1962 rep-resents a high level of communication among microbiolo-gists, chemists, pharmacologists, biochemists, clinicians, andpathologists. It includes basic research on the following newantibiotics: lincomycin, capreomycin, the duazomycins, thezygomycins, bluensomycin, chelocardin, and cephalothin. Itreports the results of clinical trials with antifungal agentssuch as griseofulvin, amphotericin B, and X-5079C, as wellas many others. New clinical evaluations of the tetracyclinesand penicillins are given. Infectious diseases and urinarytract infections are discussed. New aspects of cancer chemo-therapy are reported. Much of the information is based onoriginal research, thus making this volume a valuable refer-ence work for both laboratories and libraries.

Edited by: J. C. Sylvester

884 pages $12.00 1963

To: AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MICROBIOLOGY115 Huron View Blvd.Ann Arbor, Michigan

Please enter my order for ........ copy(s)of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy-1962at $12.00 per copy.

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ican Society for Microbiology).NAME__

WATER AND AGRICULTUREA symposium presented at the AAAS

Washington Meeting,December 1958. Published June 1960.

Roy D. Hockensmith, Editor6 x 9, 206 pp., 21 illus., cloth

$5.00 AAAS members' cash orders, $4.50

CONTENTSWater for the future: E. A. Ackerman, C. A.

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Water sources: W. C. Ackermann, H. T. Orville,C. H. M. Van Bavel, and G. L. Barger

Water planning and use: C. H. Wadleigh, H. C.Storey, W. D. Criddle, and W. 1. Palmer

Water control: T. W. Edminster, F. L. Timmons,D. L. Klingman, G. E. Harbeck, Jr., and C. B.Tanner

British agents: Bailey Bros. & Swinfen, Ltd.Hyde House, West Central StreetLondon, W.C.1

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indicate that thyroid hormone plays arole in the maintenance of renal tubularsensitivity both to antidiuretic hormoneand to aldosterone. Fregly (Florida,Gainesville) suggested that the thyroidmay be of greater significance in themaintenance of sodium and water bal-ance than hitherto suspected. Accord-ing to Novin (University of Californiaat Los Angeles), insulin causes an in-crease in water intake and seems to berelated to a reduction in extracellularvolume. A relatively complete analysisof the effects of various drugs, particu-larly the barbiturates, on drinking waspresented by Schmidt (WashingtonUniversity).The psychophysics of fluid intake

and preference, isohedonic contourmaps based on preference tests, andactivity surfaces based on tongue con-tacts with a single fluid were describedby Young and Trafton (Illinois, Ur-bana). Thirst was noted as a determi-nant of the reinforcing properties ofvarious kinds of solutions (Collier, Rut-gers). Adaptation to prolonged waterdeprivation (Kutscher, Syracuse) andthe effects of consummatory behavior(Beck, Wake Forest) were reported.Campbell (Princton) discussed the ef-fects of water and food deprivation onrandom activity in the rat. An increasein spinal reflex excitability associatedwith the intracarotid injection of hyper-tonic solutions was reported by Wayner(Florida, Tallahassee) and preliminaryresults on the central pathways involvedin its mediation were presented byRoss (Syracuse).The preoptic region plays an impor-

tant role in the interaction amongdrinking, eating, and temperature regu-latory activities (Andersson and Gale,Stockholm; Sundsten, Washington, Se-attle). Effects of hypothalamic lesionson eating and drinking and the diffi-culty in achieving independent experi-mental manipulation of the pertinentvariables were demonstrated by Mc-Cann and Smith (Pennsylvania), andEpstein and Teitelbaum (Pennsyl-vania). These support a multifactor ex-planation for water intake and the factthat some hypothalamic tissue is indis-pensible for normal regulation. Theconcept of "brain center" again re-ceived a number of shattering blows.The size of lesion, spread of electricaland chemical stimulation, and activitythrough associated neural structuresand pathways were emphasized. Robin-son (National Institute of MentalHealth) discussed the difficulties, limi-tations, and statistical nature of the

SCIENCE, VOL. 141

localization within specific structures inthe monkey brain which affect drinking,eating, food ejection, and vomiting. Hesuggested a new set of organizationalprinciples to explain these effects. Thecomplexity of the anatomical correlatesin drinking and thirst-motivated behav-ior was clearly illustrated by Morgane's(Brain Research Unit, Mexico City)description of the limbic-hypothalamic-midbrain structures involved in theirmediation. While the subcommissuralorgan is involved in water-electrolytebalance (Gilbert, U.S. Air Force Hos-pital, Travis, Calif.), some data contra-dict this theory (Crow, Western Wash-ington State).

Recent research on the neurochemi-cal specificity of central mechanisms in-volved in drinking and eating was sum-marized by Grossman (Iowa) andFisher (Pittsburgh). The effects ofchemical stimulation have proved tobe more complex than originally en-visaged and indicate that the interac-tion between thirst and hunger may bedetermined centrally as well as periph-erally. Repeated intracranial infusion(cerebrospinal fluid) of minuteamounts of alcohol in the rat produceda permanent preference for alcohol so-lutions which animals had previouslyrefused to ingest (Myers, Colgate).Stevenson (Western Ontario) summa-rized and reassessed the relative func-tions of the various hypothalamicmechanisms in drinking and the regu-lation of body water.

In spite of the research effort andthe voluminous literature which has ac-cumulated on drinking and the regula-tion of body fluids, no unifying con-cept or theory has evolved to explaindrinking under all conditions. The re-sults of this conference indicate thatmultiple factors such as osmotic pres-sure, solute, taste, timing, and heterolo-gous stimuli and alimentary, nervous,and endocrine factors are involved. Toborrow a few more terms from Adolph,we hope that in bringing the "sluicers"and "slicers" together we have providedthe opportunity for some cross-fertili-zation and the germination of manyideas.The conference was supported by the

Life Sciences Division of the U.S.Army Research Office; the proceedingswill be published by Pergamon Press,Inc.

MATTHEW J. WAYNER, JR.Florida State University, Tallahassee

EUGENE M. SPORNLife Sciences Division,U.S. Army Research Office23 AUGUST 1963

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9-13. International Union against Can-cer, conf., Amsterdam, Netherlands. (H.G. Kwa, UICC Cancer Conf., c/o Con-gresdienst Gemeente Amsterdam 4, St.Agnietenstraat, Amsterdam-C)7 4 I* I

744

I

Forthcoming Events

September

5-6. Ellipsometer-Measurement ofSurfaces and Thin Films, Washington,D.C. (E. Passaglia, Natl. Bureau of Stand-ards, Washington 25)

5-7. American Assoc. of Obstetriciansand Gynecologists, Hot Springs, Va. (C. T.Beecham, 3911 Vaux St., Philadelphia29, Pa.)

5-7. Parapsychological Assoc., NewYork, N.Y. (J. C. Pratt, 2744 McDowellSt., Durham, N.C.)

6-7. Plant Phenolics Group of NorthAmerica., 3rd, Toronto, Ont., Canada.(V. C. Runeckles, Imperial Tobacco Co.of Canada, P.O. Box 6500, Montreal,Quebec, Canada)

8- 1. High-temperature Technology,intern. symp., Asilomar, Calif. (Dept. 493,Stanford Research Inst., Menlo Park,Calif.)

8- 11. Petroleum Industry Conf., St.Louis, Mo. (R. G. Knaus, General Elec-tric Co., 818 Olive St., St. Louis)

8-13. American Chemical Soc., 145thnatl., New York, N.Y. (ACS, 1155 16thSt., NW, Washington, D.C.)

8 13. Illuminating Engineering Soc.,Detroit. Mich. (W. P. Lowell, Jr., Syl-vania Electric Products, 60 Boston St.,Salem, Mass.)

8-15. FuLnction of Esterases in Animnals,and Plants, intern. symp., Pernambuco,Brazil. (S. L. Allen, Dept. of Zoology.Univ. of Michigan. Ann Arbor)

8-15. Soil Mechanics and FoundationEngineering, 6th intern. conf., Montreal.P.Q., Canada. (C. B. Crawford, Natl. Re-search Council, Ottawa, Ont., Canada)

8-15. Thin-Filmn Optics, Marseilles,France. (P. Rouiard. Facult6 de Sciencesde Marseilles Laboratoire de PhysiqelcG6n6rale, P. Victor Hugo, Marseilles 3,France)

8-22. Brno Intern. Trade Fair, Brno,Czechoslovakia. (Czechoslovak Scientificand Technical Soc., Siroka C 5, Prague1, Czechoslovakia)9-10 Transport of Radioactive Materi-

als. problems symp., Harwell, England.(Authority Health and Safety Branch.U.K. Atomic Energy Agency, 11 CharlesII St., London S.W.I)9- /. Military Electronics, 7th natl.,

Washington, D.C. (Inst. of Electrical andElectronics Engineers, Box A, Lenox HillStation, New York 21)

9-11. Weak Interactions, intern. conf..Brookhaven, N.Y. (G. C. Wick, Brook-haven Nat]. Laboratory, Long Island,N.Y.)

9-11. Soils, Laboratory Shear Testing.Ottawa, Ont., Canada. (American Soc.for Testing and Materials, 1916 Race St.,Philadelphia 3, Pa.)

9- 12. Production Engineering Research.intern. conf., Pittsburgh, Pa. (CarnegieInst. of Technology. Pittsburgh)

9-12. Instrument-Automation conf., ex-hibit, Chicago, Ill. (Instrument Soc. ofAmerica, T. A. Abbott, American OilCo., 2400 New York Ave., Whiting, Ind.)

9-14. Bionmetrics, 5th intern. conf.,Cambridge, England. (R. C. Campbell,School of Agriculture, Cambridge)

9-14. Pharmaceutical Sciences, 23rdintern. congr., Miinster, Germany. (K. E.Schulte, Institut fOr Pharmazie und Leb-ensmittelchemie, Piusalle 7, 44 Miinster)

9- 18. Crystallography. intern. congr.,Rome, Italy. (D. W. Smits, MathematischInst.. Univ. of Groningen, Reitdiepskade4. Groningen, Netherlands)

10 -12. Space Rendezvous. Rescue. andRecovery, symp., Edwards Air ForceBase, Calif. (K. Irwin. AFFTC (FTFE),Edwards Air Force Base)

11-13. American Fisheries Soc., Minne-apolis. Minn. (AFS, 1404 New York Ave.,NW. Washington 5)

11-13. Administration of Research,1 7th natl. conf.. Estes Park, Colo. (S. A.Johnson, Jr.. Denver Research Inst., Univ.of Denver. Denver. Colo.)

11-17. Pacific Dermatologic Assoc.,Honolulu. Hawaii. (G. MacDonald, 4294Orange St., Riverside, Calif.)

12-13. Engineering Management, 11thoint conf.. Los Angeles. Calif. (Inst. ofElectrical and Electronics Engineers, BoxA, Lenox Hill Station, New York 21)

12-14. Chemiiical Inst. of Canada, 6thwestern region conf.. Trail. B.C.. Canada.(D. A. Craw, Chemical Inst. of Canada,48 Rideau St., Ottawa. Ont.)

12-14. Institute of Management Sci-ences. New York. N.Y. (H. C. Cauvet,P.O. Box 273. Pleasantville, N.Y.)

12-14. Amer-ican Soc. of Photogam-nietry, Wellesly Island. N.Y. (J. Starks,Analytical and Photogammetric Sales,BMiusch & Lomb Inc., Rochester 2. N.Y.)

15-21. Metabolism and PhysiologicalSignificance of Lipids. conf.. Cambridge,England. (R. M. C. Dawson, BiochemistryDept., Inst. of Animal Physiology, Ba-brahaam, Cambr-idge)

16-18. Applied Spectroscopy, 10th Ot-tawa symp., Ottawa, Ont., Canada. (J.Kelly. Steel Co. of Canada, Metallurgicaland Chemical Laboratory, Wilcox St.,Hamilton. Ont.)

16 -20. Electronic Information DisplaySystems. 2nd inst., Washington. D.C.(M. F. Wofsey, Center for Technologyand Administration, American Univ., 1901F St.. Washington. D.C.)

16-21. Antarctic Geology, symp., CapeTown, South Africa. (F. C. Truter, Geo-logical Survey, P.O. Box 401, Pretoria,SouLth Africa)

16-2]. Arid Regions, Latin Americanconf., Btuenos Aires, Argentina. (A. San-chez Diaz, Academia de Ciencias Exactas,Las Heras 2545, BuLenos Aires)

18. Arctic Branch, Alaska Div., AAAS,College. (J. Morrow, Univ. of Alaska,College)

18-19. Industrial Electronics, 12thsymp., East Lansing, Mich. (T. Collins,Kellogg Center, Michigan State Univ., EastLansing)

18-25. Information Retrieval Coopera-tion among Examining Patent Offices,intern. committee meeting, Vienna, Aus-tria. (H. Pfeffer, Office of Research andDevelopment, U.S. Patent Office, Wash-ington 25)

19-20. Logistics Symp., Washington,D.C. (A. Blumstein, Inst. for DefenseAnalyses, 1666 ConnecticuLt Ave., NW,Washington, D.C.)

SCIENCE, VOL. 141

SQUARE WAVE STIMULATORThe versatility of combinations of pulse stimuli of thismodel makes it an excellent research tool, and a valu-able aid in the teaching laboratory. A variable delayedtrain of pulses, a conditioning train, and a delayedpulse are among the performance features. All controlsare precise, linear, and stable. For further informationplease write for Phipps & Bird Bulletin SW 12.

Catalog No. 70-928

EPLILWPL aLu.DL DManufactfurers & Distributors of Scientific Equipment6th & Byrd Streets- Richmond, Virginia

'e corclat4 invite you an] your gueijtj to atten] t/e

CHEMICAL EXPOSITION U.S.A., INC. 0 1963sponsored by the ACS's New York Section, Inc.

This will be held concurrently with the 145th national meeting of theAmerican Chemical Society.

See Progress in Chemistry

NEW YORK HILTON at Rockefeller Center

AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS- 53 AND 54 STREETSNEW YORK CITY

September 1 0thSeptember 1 thSeptember 12th

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A.M. to 6 P.M.A.M. to 9 P.M.A.M. to 5 P.M.

This invitation applies only to the Exposition. To obtain yourbadge, please apply to the Exhibits Registration Desk at theHall-1 flight up. Please use escalators. Admission free.

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GLASS ABSORPTIONCELLS made KLETT

SCIENTIFIC APPARATUS-Klett-Summerson Photoelectric Colorimeters-Colorimeters - Nephelometers - Fluorimeters-Bio-Colorimeters - Comparators - Glass Stand-ards-Klett Reagents.

Klett Manufacturing Co., Inc.179 East 87 Street, New York, New York

1.

1l23 AUGUST 1963 745