FEEDING FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS, RELATIONSHIPS, FOOD CHAINS, FOOD FOOD CHAINS, FOOD WEBSWEBS

HEADINGS VOCABULARYVOCABULARYIMPORTANT INFO

FEEDING TYPES1.1. AutotrophsAutotrophs:

a. Self feeders, produce their own food through photosynthesisphotosynthesis

Transformation of light energy to chemical energy to make food in the form of glucose

b. Examples: plants, algae

2.2. HeterotrophsHeterotrophs:a. Depend on other organisms for their food

1.1. HerbivoreHerbivore: Eats only plants2.2. CarnivoreCarnivore: Eats only meat3.3. OmnivoreOmnivore: Eats both plants and

meat4.4. DetrivoreDetrivore: Eats dead organisms

3.3. DecomposersDecomposers:

a. Break down and absorb nutrients from dead, decaying organisms

b. Examples: mushrooms and bacteria

SymbiosisSymbiosisa. close, permanent relationship

between organismsb. Three major types:

1. Commensalism Commensalism 2. Mutualism Mutualism 3. Parasitism Parasitism

1) Mr. Fungus is ready to greet our friend the alga

2) Friend alga cell is prepared to

greet Mr. Fungus

3) The Lichen is created between the fungus and the alga

FEEDING RELATIONSHIPS

CommensalismCommensalism: : a. A feeding relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not affected.b. Example: Remoras that live on or around a shark’s mouth.

*Remora benefits from the scraps of food that fall from the shark’s mouth and the shark is not affected.

MutualismMutualism: : a. Both organisms benefit

from the relationshipb. “you scratch my back and

I scratch yours”c. Example: tickbirds eat

parasites off of the back of zebras. The tickbirds get fed and the zebra gets cleaned.

ParasitismParasitism: : a. One organism benefits

and the other is harmedb. Example: tapeworm

living inside an organism’s intestine (may cause death)

c. Example: flea living on a dog

FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS

1.1. Food Chain:Food Chain: a. model showing the movement of energy through

the ecosystemb. Consists of Producers, Consumers, and Producers, Consumers, and

DecomposersDecomposers ProducerProducer:: living organisms that take non-living matter

(like minerals and gases) from the environment and use them to support life (Example: plants). These are the first organisms in the food chain.

ConsumerConsumer:: living things that need producers to be their food.

EX: (Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores)

Decomposer:Decomposer: living things which feed off of dead plants and animals to reducetheir remains to minerals and gases again

http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngexplorer/0309/quickflicks/index.html

FOOD CHAINS AND FOOD WEBS

2. Food Web:Food Web:a. More complicated and more realistic than

a food chainb. Shows more than one possible food source

for each organismc. Steps in food chains or food webs are

called trophic levelstrophic levels. . d.d. ProducersProducers make up

the first trophic level

e.e. ConsumersConsumersmake up second, third, or higher.

• When you read a food chain or food web, the arrows point from what is being eaten to what it is eaten by (where the energy goes). Ex.: mouse snake; the mouse is EATEN BY the snake

KEY CONCEPT Pyramids model the distribution of energy and matter in an ecosystem.

energy transferredenergy

lost

AN ENERGY PYRAMID SHOWS THE DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY AMONG TROPHIC LEVELS.

Energy pyramids compare energy used by producers and other organisms on trophic levels.

• Between each tier of an energy pyramid, up to 90 percent of the energy is lost into the atmosphere as heat.

• Only 10 percent of the energy at each tier is transferred from one trophic level to the next.

1,000 kcal

#1-WITH YOUR GROUP WORK TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:

If each level in a food chain typically loses 90% of the energy it takes in and the producer level uses 1000kcal of energy, how much of that energy is left after the third trophic level?

3rd level

2nd level

How much remains for this level?

#2- WITH YOUR GROUP WORK TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:

Why is an herbivorous diet more energy efficient than a carnivorous diet? Explain your answer.

OTHER PYRAMID MODELS ILLUSTRATE AN ECOSYSTEM’S BIOMASS AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORGANISMS.

Biomass is a measure of the total dry mass of organisms in a given area.

tertiaryconsumers

secondaryconsumers

primaryconsumers

producers

75 g/m2

150g/m2

675g/m2

2000g/m2producers 2000g/m2

A pyramid of numbers shows the numbers of individual organisms at each trophic level in an ecosystem.

tertiaryconsumers

secondaryconsumers

primaryconsumers

producers

5

5000

500,000

5,000,0005,000,000producers

• A vast number of producers are required to support even a few top level consumers.

#3- WITH YOUR GROUP WORK TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION:

What is the difference between a biomass pyramid and a pyramid of numbers?

What is a similarity of all 3 types of pyramids?