F. Carré – 25/11/2003 DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005 Extending soil (and land) concepts in...

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

Extending soil (and land) concepts in digital soil mapping for better

environmental management

F.CARRE

Soils Digital mapping Management

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

RESEARCH PURPOSE

PURPOSES

Integration of soil forming factors at the same level as soil information helps in managing agroecological landscape

PROPOSITION RELATED TO THE USE OF SOIL DATABASE

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

INTRODUCTION

SOIL FUNCTIONS SOIL USES ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS DUE TO SOIL USES

SOIL DATABASE

Ex: in FRANCE

Context of the study

Materials of the study

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

SOIL FUNCTIONS

Basis for biomass production

Filtering, buffering and transformation

Habitat and gene reservoir

Foundation

Source of raw materials

Historical medium

http://greenpack.rec.org/soil/soil_functions/index.shtml

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

SOIL USES

Basis for biomass production

Filtering, buffering and transformation

Habitat and gene reservoir

Foundation

Source of raw materials

Historical medium

SOIL FUNCTIONS FIELD USES

Agriculture

Landscape ecology

Landscape ecology

Civil engineering

Civil engineering

Archeology

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS DUE TO SOIL USES

Erosion

Decline in organic matter

Contamination

Sealing

Compaction

Decline in biodiversity

http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/en/com/pdf/2002/com2002_0179en01.pdf

Salinisation

Floods and landslides

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

SOIL DATABASE

PURPOSES RELATED TO SCALES

For local environmental or agricultural study (drainage, irrigation, precison agriculture….) in order to make good preconisations (soil respectful). Scale prospected: 1:10,000 to 1:25,000

Ex: In France

http://gissol.orleans.inra.fr/programme/igcs/sr.php

- Programme IGCS (INRA, Ministry of Agriculture)

« Les secteurs de référence »

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

SOIL DATABASE

SECTEURS DE REFERENCE (from 1:10,000 to 1:25,000)


F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

SOIL DATABASE

PURPOSES RELATED TO SCALES

For local environmental or agricultural study (drainage, irrigation, precison agriculture….) in order to make good preconisations (soil respectful). Scale prospected: 1:10,000 to 1:25,000

Ex: In France - Programme IGCS (INRA, Ministry of Agriculture)

« Les secteurs de référence »

Regional soil database

To answer environmental and agricultural issues at the regional scale (administrative and political management entity)

http://gissol.orleans.inra.fr/programme/igcs/rrp.php

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

SOIL DATABASE

REGIONAL SOIL DATABASE (1:250,000)


F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

SOIL DATABASE

SCALES RELATED TO ANALYSIS RESOLUTION

On Digital Soil Mapping (McBratney et al., 2003)

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

TERRON MODELLING

Terron = fn (soil, landscape, landscape * soil)

TERRON DEFINITION

See Digital Terron Mapping (Carré & McBratney, 2005)

~ Agroecozone, “a geographic area that shares similar biophysical characteristics for crop production, such as soil, landscape and climate” (Liu and Samal, 2002)

~ Viticultural terroirs, “spatial and temporal entities, consistent with both cultivated soil landscape characteristics and frequent harvest quality” (Vaudour, 2003)

Landscape in this case is landform features but globally corresponds to soil forming factors

Soil cover continuity is then emphasized through the « double » integration of soil (soil AND soil forming factors)

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

MANAGEMENT PURPOSES OF TERRON MAPPING

All issues dealing with soils and landform

Erosion for example

Leaching,

floods,

contamination…

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

MATERIAL FOR TERRON MAPPING


F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

TERRON MAPPING

Based on regression-krigingGENERAL METHOD


Reduction of the soil information into 6 components - PCA on the soil attributes

Establishment of 18 terron classes

Interpolation of the terron classes

- distances to terron centroids related to the landform attributes by a MLR (regression model)

- kriging of the regression residuals added to the regression model

- the terron class of each pixel is the one for which the distance is minimal

Validation of the model

- Another dataset is classed according to terron centroids and comparison with model results

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

TERON MAPPING RESULTS


Fo

r th

e sa

me

nu

mb

er o

f en

titi

es

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

TERRON MAPPING RESULTS


F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

TERRON FROM RESISTIVITY….

MAPPING WITH PCA ON RESISTIVITIES (R1: 0-50 cm; R2: 0-1 m; R3: 0-2 m)F

ield

of

Bo

ign

evil

le (

IDF

are

a)

PCA on the 3 resistivities PCA on the 3 resistivities AND landform attributes (ALT, SLOP)

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

NEXT OBJECTIVE

To map agroecozones of Europe at 250m resolution with:

- Soil data

- Landform

- Climate database

- Landcover

- Statistical data on farm-types to locate crops under constraints

MAPPING AGROECOZONES (RELATED TO SOIL FERTILITY)

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

CONCLUSIONS & PROPOSITIONS

So, terron is directly suitable to environmental issues related to soil and landscape features,

Considering relations between scale / resolution and level of details of taxonomic soil database, mistakes can be done on the resolution of the integrated landscape features.

Integrating soil forming factors to soil allows for emphasizing soil cover continuity

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT INTEGRATION OF LANDSCAPE FEATURES INTO SOIL DATABASE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PURPOSES

If it’s too large regarding the resolution of soil information, this can introduced skew in the results

Also, interpretation of the terron is not so easy

Pb of users’ knowledge

F. Carré – 25/11/2003

DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005

CONCLUSIONS & PROPOSITIONS

Is soil database users’ knowledge adapted to the complexity of soil database constitution?

Are there existing studies about the use of soil database to manage environmental purposes (considering the same database and the same purpose but different users) ?

Considering the use of soil databases, relevant questions have to be raised:

CONCLUSIONS ABOUT INTEGRATION OF AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS INTO SOIL DATABASE

Could it be interesting to integrate to soil database agro-environmental indicators adapted to specific issues AND specific scales (or to provide only thematic maps to managers)?

Pb of model validity adapted to extent and scale (Bierkens et al, 2000)

Pb of integration of multiscale data (Bierkens et al, 2000)

F. Carré – 25/11/2003 DSM Budapest – 07-08/04/2005 Extending soil (and land) concepts in...

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