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Micronutrients and the Eye HealthBy: Sumayya Naseem Optometrist CHEF International (Double Gold Medalist K.M.U.) COT COA JCAHPO (USA) MMSPH (Abasyn University)

L/O/G/O

In the name of ALLAH, most gracious, most merciful 6. Conclusion Contents of the Presentation1. Nutrients and Types of Nutrients 2. Vitamins (A,C,E) 3. Omega 3 Fatty Acid 4. Lutein & Zeaxanthin 5. Zinc & Selenium Nutrients

Chemical substances that constitute food and are responsible for the functions of food and also protect the body from various disorders.

4I. Macro Nutrients1. Proteins2. Carbohydrates3. Fats

II. Micro Nutrients5. Vitamins6. Minerals

Types of Nutrients (Based on the amount required by the body)

MicronutrientsMicronutrients are the nutrients required by the body in a little amount.

"We need an orchestra of nutrients, not just one player" for good eye health. The nutrient "players" at the top of the good eye-health chart are largely found in fruits and veggies. So, make sure you're consuming a total of five servings of fruits and vegetables every day. That's a minimum!

14 vitamins (A,C,e)

2. carotenoids (Lutein & zeaxanthin) 3. Omega- 3 Fatty acid

234. Zinc & Selenium Micronutrients ..

7Vitamins....The Vital AminesIt's always best to get the vitamins we know help vision from foods as foods may contain many other nutrients we aren't aware of that may help, too.

Vitamins important for eye health are:

Vitamin A Vitamin B2Vitamin CVitamin E

8Vitamin AFunctions (ocular):

Contributes towards the production of retinal pigments needed for vision in dim light. Maintaining healthy corneal epithelium.

Sources:

Animals: Liver, eggs, butter, cheese, whole milk, fish and meat cod liver oilPlants: Green vegetables, yellow fruits - CarrotFortified Foods: Banaspati Ghee, Margarine, Milk, Bread

9VITAMIN A DEFICIENCY - a public health problem

Night Blindness Bitots SpotsXerophthalmiaConjunctival XerosisCorneal XerosisKeratomalacia

Vitamin B2 (RiboFlavin)Functions:

Plays an important role in cellular growthIt is a cofactor for a number of enzymes involved in energy metabolism Deficiency may lead to circumcorneal vascularisation, keratitis, susceptibility to cataract.

Sources:

Rich sources are eggs, liver, green leafy vegetables, milk & Products

Sources of Vitamin B2Vitamin EFUNCTIONS:This fat-soluble vitamin and potent antioxidant, may help in prevention of cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

SOURCES:Broccoli, pumpkin, spinach, carrots, turnip greens, papaya, Vegetable oils, Cotton seed, Sunflower seed, Egg yolk, Fortified Cooking Oils and Butter.

13SourcesOil seeds like: Ground nutSunflower MustardCoconutCereals &Pulses

Ghee Butter Milk and Eggs CheeseFats on meat Fats on Fish

Animal Origin Fair SourcesPlant Origin

Good Sources

Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)Functions:

A water-soluble vitamin and effective antioxidant,vitamin Chelps keep eyes young and healthy by protecting the eyes against damage caused by ultraviolet light. (Antioxidants are substances that help protect cells from the natural but damaging effect of oxidation).

Delays the Cataract formation.

But studies indicate we might need as much as 300 milligrams, possibly more, for a cataract-preventive effect.

Sources: Fresh fruits like citrus, guava, mango, strawberries, raspberries and pineapple. Also green leafy vegetables, germinating pulses and amla.

Omega 3 Fatty AcidFunction:

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential fatty acids that your body uses to produce new cells, muscles, nerves and organs. Omega-3 fatty acids may help protect our eyes from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and dry eye syndrome. Our body cannot produce omega-3 fatty acids, so you must get them from food or supplements.

Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids:

The foods richest in omega-3 fatty acids are cold-water fish such as herring, salmon and tuna. Other foods containing omega-3 fatty acids are flaxseeds, walnuts and dark green leafy vegetables.

Sources of Omega 3 Fatty Acid

18 Zinc & SeleniumZinc: This trace mineral has a protective effect on the development of some forms of early AMD. Aszincis acutely concentrated in the eye, and is "very important for the retina.

Sources: Wheat germ, garbanzo beans, black-eyed peas, sunflower seeds, almonds, tofu, brown rice, milk, ground beef, oysters, nuts, seafood, red meat, beans, dairy and chicken.

Selenium: Selenium treatment of ocular symptoms (retro bulbar pain, edema, and pain with eye movement) in patients with Graves' disease significantly improves their quality of life

Sources: Brazil nuts, whole grains, tuna, beef and dark meat turkey.

Sources of Zinc & Selenium

Lutein & ZeaxanthinLutein and zeaxanthin are compounds called xanthophylls, which are yellow pigments that occur naturally in many plants and vegetables.

Xanthophylls belong to a class of organic compounds called carotenoids, which also includes orange and red plant pigments. Though lutein is considered a yellow pigment, in high concentrations it appears orange-red.

In nature, lutein and zeaxanthin appear to absorb excess light energy to prevent damage to plants from too much sunlight, especially from high-energy light rays calledblue light.

Recent research has discovered a third xanthophyll in the macula, called meso-zeaxanthin, this carotenoid is not found in food sources and appears to be created in the retina from ingested lutein.

Lutein & ZeaxanthinFunctions:

Lutein and zeaxanthin appear to have importantantioxidant functions in the body. Along with other natural antioxidants, includingvitamin C,beta caroteneandvitamin E, these xanthophylls guard the body from damaging effects of free radicals, which are unstable molecules that can destroy cells and play a role in many diseases.

It is believed that lutein, zeaxanthin and meso-zeaxanthin in the macula block blue light from reaching the underlying structures in the retina, thereby reducing the risk of light-induced oxidative damage that could lead to macular degeneration (AMD).

SourcesThe best natural food sources of lutein and zeaxanthin are green leafy vegetables.

Among these, cooked spinach top the list, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Non-vegetarian sources of lutein and zeaxanthin include egg yolks. But if you have high cholesterol, you're much better off getting most of these yellow nutrients from fruits and vegetables.

Lutein can be found in yellow peppers, mango, bilberries, and green leafy vegetables such as kale, spinach, chard and broccoli.

Zeaxanthin can be found in orange sweet peppers, broccoli, corn, lettuce (not iceberg), spinach, tangerines, oranges and eggs.

Many of these overlap with food types in which vitamins A, E & C are present.

Sources of Lutein & Zeaxanthin

Key points to remember for Good Eye Health:

Eat a good, balanced diet with lots of fresh fruit and vegetables instead of Fast Foods. Also take Multivitamins, Lutein, Zeaxanthin, Zinc and Omega3 in food and supplements.The biggest avoidable risk is smoking.Protect your eyes from sunlight. Use good quality Sunglasses.Wearing a brimmed hat also offers very good protection.Get your eyes tested at least every year and more frequently if Possible. Take Special care if having Diabetes and Hypertension.

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