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MAY 2014

By: J

amie

Kuike

n and

Brian

a Cro

use

Hurricanes

Tornadoes

Thun

der

Stor

ms

EXTR

EME W

EATH

ER

Read More To Learn About Hurricanes,

Tornadoes & Thunderstorms!

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Table Of ContentsLetter From The Editors............................................1 Weather.....................................................................2-3 Hurricanes................................................................4-6 Hurricanes word search...........................................7 Tornadoes....................................................................12 Tornado twister........................................................13 Weather word search..............................................14 bibliography...............................................................15

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Letter From The Editors

Dear Readers,

Thank you for choosing our magazine to read! You are strongly appreciated! We have spent countless hours editing and revising this magazine, just so that you guys have something to read while sitting in the dentists office, that informs you about extreme weather! This is our first issue and we hope you enjoy it and read many more of our future issues!

Briana and I have learned a lot through the process of editing and revising this magazine. We learned about extreme weather and how this weather effects many citizens in the United States. Extreme weather, like hurricanes and tornadoes, often have a devastating impact on the citizens in that area. It often takes citizens months to recover from its impact. So, we wanted to try to prevent as much damage as we could to you that this extreme weather could create!

This magazine loads you with a lot of important information, that will help you survive the most devastating and extreme weather. It will provide you with what this extreme weather is, how it forms, when it occurs, what it causes, some safety tips to survive them and much more! So, read this magazine and it will guarantee your safety!

Sincerely ,

Briana Crouse & Jamie Kuiken

Jamie Kuiken Briana Crouse&

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WeatherHave you ever been outside on a sunny day and never

thought that it could rain, but as soon a you say this, it starts raining? If so, it’s not your fault, it is the sun, atmosphere and oceans fault! The Sun, Atmosphere, and the oceans affect, change, and influence weather in the United States. Read more to find out how each of these aspects affect weather in the United States:

You are sitting by the pool on a hot summer day

as sweat droplets are pouring from your face. What exactly causes you to be this hot, if you aren’t doing any physical activity? The Sun is the answer! The sun releases solar energy onto the Earth, heating huge air masses that comprise weather systems. This is the basic cause of our changing weather.

Have you ever been to a beach in Florida, admiring the

beautiful ocean? This ocean and other oceans large sizes affect the weather that we experience here in Indiana! Since 70% of planet Earth is made of ocean, its large size can store a lot of thermal heat from the sun, which shapes our weather patterns and climate! When the ocean stores enough thermal heat from the sun, it allows these waters to become warm. When the ocean becomes warm, it produces the fuel to power storm systems, creating rain. This rain may ruin your day at the beach, but is a blessing for farmers!

The sun and ocean aren’t the only ones that affect the

Here is a Picture that

Shows How Much Water the Earth is

Made up Of

Did You Know?The weather forecast for a

week is most accurate for the first 3 days!

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Weather here in Indiana, there is one more

thing that plays a major role in creating weather! The ATMOSPHERE! Although the atmosphere may be harder to notice all of its layers, it plays a major part in keeping us alive. Its thin layer, which is made of mixed gases that make up the air we breathe, helps the Earth from getting too hot or cold. Of its many layers, the troposphere is where all of the magic happens (A.K.A. the weather). The troposphere is the first layer above the surface that contains half of the Earth’s atmosphere and the clouds that we see everyday. In the troposphere, there is vertical movement of different temperature air molecules, which create the clouds that we see in the sky everyday! But, when these clouds get a lot of moisture, they become heavy and create rain.

weather Without the sun, ocean and atmosphere, we

wouldn’t be able to experience weather! Although weather can ruin our day at the beach or pool, it plays an important role here in Indiana. Without rain, farmers wouldn’t be able to produce crops, grass wouldn’t be green and we wouldn’t have the beautiful plants that make peoples houses look amazing and well kept! So, when the weather isn’t the greatest outside, just remember that without weather, you wouldn’t be able to eat corn on the cob, see beautiful flower or green grass!

Here is a Picture of

the Troposphere

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HurricanesImagine:

! Imagine you can lean into the harsh wind and it would hold you there. But the rain stings as it hits your face as you squint your eyes against the oncoming storm you see traveling towards you. You go back inside to see if the power came back on or not. then BAM! Your front door busts down and water starts filling in your home. Inch by inch. then 3 minutes go by and 5ft of water is already in your home. You swim out of your house and the current gets so strong it pulls you 1/2 mile into the bay. You think you are going to die.  You have been in the water 4 hours now. You are thirsty. Consumed more salt water then you should. Cold and wet.  You got hypothermia from the cold water and air that surrounded you. You instantly think have to stay warm. You swim to a abandoned house down the block. You take a few things then write a note saying :{“Who ever reads this I’m DYING – I’m 28 yrs old my name is Mike. I had to break into your house. I took blankets off the couch. I have hypothermia. I didn’t take any thing. A wave thru me out of my house down the block. I don’t think I’m going to make it. The water outside is 10 ft deep at least. There’s no rescue. Tell my dad I love him and I tried getting out. His number is (###-###-####) his name is Tony. I hope u can read this. I’m in the dark. I took a black jacket too. Goodbye. God all mighty help me.. “} You are scared of the dark now because you were in the dark for so long with 15-20ft waves crashing over you. You couldn’t even breathe.

This is what Mike went through in hurricane sandy.

By: Briana Crouse

Here is a Picture of

Hurricane Sandy

Here is a picture of

Hurricane Sandy’s Waves

Did You Know?Hurricane Sandy at least

killed 125 people in theUnited States!

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! A hurricane, today is defined as a tropical cyclone with sustained winds that have reached speeds

of 74 mph - 155< or even higher in some cases. Hurricanes

start when warm, moist air from the ocean surface

begins to rise rapidly, where it encounters cooler air

that causes the warm water vapor to condense and to

form storm clouds and drops of rain. The condensation

also releases latent heat, which warms the cool air

above, causing it to rise and make way for more warm

humid air from the ocean below.

! As this cycle continues, more warm moist air is drawn into the developing storm and more heat is

transferred from the surface of the ocean to the

atmosphere. This continuing heat exchange creates a

wind pattern that spirals around a relatively calm

center, or eye, like water swirling down a drain, But on

top of the water. As these get bigger and stronger they

get higher up on scales.

Here is a Picture of A Hurricane

The word hurricane came from the taino Native American word,

‘‘Hurrucane’’ meaning evil spirt of the wind!

Did You Know?

Hurricanes

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Hurricanes! Hurricanes can happen at anytime, but usually have a greater chance of happening in a certain time period. Atlantic Hurricane Season  officially begins on June 1st and ends on November 30th each year. 97% of all tropical cyclones in the Atlantic fall within this period of time. The month most likely to have a hurricane is September. In the United States’s hurricane season is pretty much the same as the atlantic season.

Since 1953, Atlantic tropical

storms had been named from lists originated by the National Hurricane Center. They are now maintained and updated through a strict procedure by an international committee of the World Meteorological Organization.

! NOAA’s National Hurricane Center does not control the naming of tropical storms. Instead, there is a strict way established by the World Meteorological Organization. In 1953, the United States began using female names for storms and, by 1978, both male and female names were used to identify Northern Pacific storms. This was then adopted in 1979 for storms in the Atlantic basin.For Atlantic hurricanes, there is a list of male and female names which are used on a six-year rotation. In the event that more than twenty-one named tropical cyclones occur in a season, any additional storms will take names from the Greek alphabet.

Here is a Picture of the

Destruction a Hurricane Can Make During

Hurricane Season

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Here is a Chart that

Shows the Names for the Next 4

Years

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Hurricane Word Search

Hurricane Word Bank:•Eye•Hurricane•Shelter•Temperature•Watch•Flooding•Radar •Stages•Tropical •Wind•Forecast•Rain•Storm•Warning 7

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Tornadoes! Imagine that you are driving down a road in your SUV

going 105 mph, just so that you won’t die today from the immense tornado chasing you from behind. You have been babysitting 2 children that day and decide to put them in their car seats, so that they can have a chance at living a good, long life. Your husband is talking to you from work, telling you the latest reports on the tornadoes progress. You wonder if you will survive the storm or get in a fatal car crash. A 50 year old grandmother by the name of Cindy Sasnett was in the same situation on May 20, 2013 in Oklahoma City. To know what danger she was going through and how to prevent this danger, read on!

! You may want to know exactly what was chasing Cindy Sasnett on May 20, 2013. A violent tornado was chasing her. A tornado is a violent rotating column of air that emerges from a thunderstorm and touches the ground, which results in massive destruction of anything in its path. The tornado’s potential is created when a warm and cool air mass meet. The intense low pressure caused by the high wind speeds and rapid rotation causes water vapor in the air to form into cloud droplets and make a funnel cloud. At the same time, warm, humid air from the lower layers of the atmosphere are heated up by the sun. This warm, humid air isn’t allowed to rise and initiate clouds and precipitation because of the dry air above it. As this hot air increases, its energy eventually bursts into the atmosphere and turns the funnel cloud into a tornado. This is as if you boiled water on the stove for an hour. The waters heat would eventually get so high, the cap on the pan would fly off and the water would boil over! But, when the water cools off, the boiling eventually stops. This happens to a tornado, but it is

unknown how a tornado dies off.

1. Funnel Cloud-a rotating column of air that emerges from a thunderstorm's base, but isn’t touching the ground

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Here is a Picture of a Funnel

Cloud

Here is a Picture of

a Tornado

Did You Know?You need to step on the pedal of a

car and pass 70 mph to outrun the fastest tornadoes!

By: Jamie Kuiken

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Tornadoes! Tornadoes don’t just occur where Cindy Sasnett

lives, they can occur in may other places at many different times. Tornadoes can happen at any time of the year and at any time of the day, but usually tornadoes occur between 3 p.m. and 9 p.m. In the southern states, tornado season is March all the way to May, but some have a second peak time in fall. In the northern states, though, tornado season occurs in the summer. Even though tornadoes can happen anywhere in the US, they usually occur in the Great Plains because the land is well suited for tornadoes. More than 500 tornadoes occur in the Great Plains every year! A nickname for the Great Plains is ‘‘Tornado Alley’’, which includes Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas and Louisiana.

The tornado in Oklahoma city that Cindy Sasnett experienced reached 296 mph! Tornadoes of these high wind speeds can cause massive destruction to anything in its path. It’s wind speeds are as low a 40 mph and as high as 318 mph! So, it’s destruction may vary. If the tornadoes wind speed is 40 mph, it may rip a small tree from its roots. But, if the tornadoes wind speed is 318 mph, it can destroy your house and all of you neighbors

houses, too! The tornadoes intensity can be measured by the Fujita scale, which is a scale for rating a tornadoes intensity based on the destruction to human-built structures and vegetation. The tornadoes category is determined by meteorologists and engineers who survey the damage and measure it based on the Fujita scale. Flip the page to see the Fujita Scale that they use to measure the tornadoes intensity:

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Here is a Picture of Where Tornado

Alley Is Located

2. MPH-miles per hour

Did You Know?

The chances that a tornado is a F5 is less than 0.1%!

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SCALE WIND SPEED

POSSIBLE DAMAGE

ENHANCED, OPERATIONAL FUGITA

SCALE

F0 40-72 mph Light Damage: trees branches are broken of; minor roof damage

EFO65-85 mph

F1 73-112 mph Moderate Damage: snapped trees; mobile homes are pushed of their foundations; roofs are damaged

EF186-110 mph

F2 113-157 mph Considerable Damage: mobile homes are demolished; trees are uprooted; strong built homes are unroofed

EF2111-135 mph

F3 158-206 mph Severe Damage: Trains are overturned; cars are lifted off of the ground; strong built homes have outside walls blown down

EF3136-165

F4 207-260 mph Devastating Damage: Houses leveled leaving piles of debris; cars are thrown 300 yards or more in the air

EF4166-200 mph

F5 261-318 mph Incredible Damage: strongly built homes are completely blown away; automobile-sized missiles are generated

EF5200 mph & up

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Tornado history

! Luckily, Cindy Sasnett didn’t have to outrun the deadliest tornado in human history because the chances are, she wouldn’t be hear to tell her story. The deadliest tornado in human history was called the Tri-State tornado which occurred on March 18, 1925. It didn’t have a cone shape like a normal tornado, instead it took the form of a cylinder, with a mile-wide diameter. This cylindric tornado rode in a straight path for 3 and 1/2 hours, covering 219 miles of land through Missouri, Southern Illinois and Indiana making it the longest single tornado track anywhere in the world! This record holder flattened 15,000 home and killed 700 people-243 were killed in just one town alone! This tornado increased public awareness to severe weather because of its destruction to both homes and people.

! Imagine if you had 337 deadly tornadoes occur over 3 days in the region that you lived, would you be able to survive? Well, on April 26, 2011 this happened. It was the largest outbreak of tornadoes in U.S. history that lasted for 3 whole days! The 337 confirmed tornadoes, caused massive damage! With a EF-2 to EF-5 rating on the Enhanced Fujita Scale, over 11 billion dollars of damage was done across 17 states and left 3621 injured and 324 dead.

Here are Pictures of the Tri-State Tornadoes Damages

Here is a Picture of

the Earth during April 26-28,

2011

Did You Know?Every tornado has its own color,

sound and shapes and usually only lasts for a few minutes!

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Tornado SafetyIs There A Tornado Coming?

If you see or experience any of these symptoms, their is a tornado

coming your way:

• If you see any cumulonimbus clouds

• If their are wind speeds of 40-310 mph

• If the sky appears green or dark blue-gray. When the sky turns

green in color, which is very rare, run for cover fast!

• If temperatures range from 50-103 degrees fahrenheit

3. Cumulonimbus Clouds- very tall clouds that tornadoes form beneath of and have bases in the lower troposphere that can move up and carry moisture into the higher troposphere

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Tornado watch or Warning?! Many people have confusion about the difference of a tornado watch and warning because of their definitions! A tornado watch is when tornadoes are possible in your area(stay tuned to the radio or television news). Whereas a tornado warning has been seen either on the ground or has been detected by Doppler radar(seek shelter IMMEDIATELY!). If their is a tornado warning, follow these instructions:•The ideal shelter would be a basement, but if you don’t have one, go to an

interior room with out windows like a bathroom or closet. •Get under a table or a sturdy piece of furniture •If you are outside when the tornado warning is called, with no buildings

nearby, go to a ditch or low area and lie down flat. *Stay away from power lines

•Once the tornado is over, stay away from fallen power lines and damaged areas

Here is a Picture of

a Cumulonimbus Cloud

Here is a Picture of

How You Should Position Yourself

Underneath a Table

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Tornado Twister

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[16]Wea

ther

Wor

d Sea

rch

Weather Word Bank:•Hurricanes•Tornadoes•Weather•Sun•Atmosphere•Ocean

•Flooding•Tornado Alley •Tornado Watch•Tornado Warning•Safety•Thunderstorm

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Bibliography http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/b7e35e22-5b6e-4f1f-a663-9a1d41a26987/guidUnitId/92607e2b-9bc4-4dc8-ab57-b12937f447fb#/tab=evaluate-tab&page=NaN&subTab=

http://benheb.github.io/tornado-days/

http://www.bocaratontribune.com/2010/11/where-does-weather-come-from-the-troposphere/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujita_scale

http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-hurricane.htm

http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/studentresearch/climatechange02/tornado/website/tornado.html

http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/natural-disasters/4219866

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/CrissCrossSetupForm.asp?campaign=flyout_teachers_puzzle_crisscross

http://www.weatherwizkids.com/weather-tornado.htm

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