External Learning System (eLS) Online Course Catalog · External Learning System (eLS) Online...

External Learning System (eLS)

Online Course Catalog

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Contents Fire Alarm Systems and Related Concepts ................................................................................................. 6

Fire Alarm Fundamentals ......................................................................................................................... 6

Introduction to Initiating Devices ............................................................................................................ 6

NEC Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 8

Basic Circuit Design .................................................................................................................................. 9

Basic Signal and Circuit Means .............................................................................................................. 11

Heat Detectors ........................................................................................................................................ 11

Smoke Detectors .................................................................................................................................... 12

Power Supplies ....................................................................................................................................... 13

Fire Alarm System Functions ................................................................................................................. 15

Fire Alarm Intermediate ......................................................................................................................... 16

Introduction to Specialized Fire Detectors ........................................................................................... 17

Notification Appliances .......................................................................................................................... 18

EVACS Applications ................................................................................................................................ 19

Supervisory Initiating Devices ............................................................................................................... 20

Signal Transmission ............................................................................................................................... 21

Auxiliary Fire Alarm Systems .................................................................................................................. 22

Central Station Fire Alarm Systems ....................................................................................................... 24

Proprietary Station Fire Alarm Systems ................................................................................................ 25

Fire Alarm Advanced Bundle.................................................................................................................. 26

Authorities and Requirements ............................................................................................................... 27

Fire Alarm Plans and Code Requirements ............................................................................................. 28

Remote Station and Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems ............................................................. 28

Commissioning Fire Alarm Systems ...................................................................................................... 30

Fire Alarm System Testing ..................................................................................................................... 31



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Fire Alarm Inspection and Maintenance................................................................................................ 32

Automatic Fire Sprinkler System Training ................................................................................................ 33

Automatic Sprinkler Fundamentals ...................................................................................................... 33

Automatic Sprinkler Inspection, Testing and Maintenance ................................................................. 34

Introduction to Automatic Sprinklers and Sprinkler Heads ................................................................. 35

Introduction to Clean Agents ................................................................................................................. 36

Planned Sprinkler System Impairments ............................................................................................... 37

Fire Behavior- Introduction to Fire Suppression .................................................................................. 38

Authorities, Specifications, Codes and Standards ................................................................................ 39

Plan Reading and Symbols .................................................................................................................... 40

Sprinkler System Basics ......................................................................................................................... 41

Occupancy and Commodity Classifications .......................................................................................... 42

Automatic Sprinkler Intermediate Bundle ............................................................................................ 44

Dry-Pipe Systems ................................................................................................................................... 44

Hydraulic Calculations ........................................................................................................................... 46

Special Sprinkler Systems...................................................................................................................... 47

Water Supply Requirements .................................................................................................................. 48

Piping Configurations ............................................................................................................................ 49

Sprinkler Spacing and Positioning ........................................................................................................ 50

Hanging and Bracing .............................................................................................................................. 51

Seismic Protection ................................................................................................................................. 52

Fire Pump and Driver Training ................................................................................................................... 53

Fire Pumps .............................................................................................................................................. 53

Introduction to Fire Pumps .................................................................................................................... 54

Periodic Fire Pump Inspection, Testing and Maintenance ................................................................... 55

Fire Pump Acceptance ........................................................................................................................... 56

National Electrical Code Training .............................................................................................................. 57

NEC Basic Concepts ............................................................................................................................... 57



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Introduction to the NEC ......................................................................................................................... 57

Grounding and Bonding ......................................................................................................................... 59

Overcurrent Protection for Conductors and Equipment ...................................................................... 60

Conductor Selection and Application ................................................................................................... 60

Required Outlets .................................................................................................................................... 62

Wiring Methods and Devices .................................................................................................................. 63

Load Calculations ................................................................................................................................... 64

Circuit and Conductor Types ................................................................................................................. 65

General Requirements in the NEC ......................................................................................................... 66

NEC Special Topics - Specific Equipment Part I .................................................................................... 67

NEC Special Topics - Specific Equipment Part II ................................................................................... 68

NEC Special Topics - Specific Equipment Part III .................................................................................. 69

NEC Special Topics - Special Occupancies ............................................................................................ 70

NEC Special Topics - Special Equipment............................................................................................... 71

NEC Special Topics - NEC Low Voltage Circuits .................................................................................... 72

NEC Special Topics - Special Conditions in The NEC Chapter 7 ........................................................... 73

NEC Special Topics - Remote Control and Signaling ............................................................................ 74

NEC Special Topics - Optical Fiber and Communications .................................................................... 75

Fire Stopping and Related Concepts Training .......................................................................................... 76

Firestopping ........................................................................................................................................... 76

Firestop System Selection ..................................................................................................................... 77

Introduction to Firestopping and Applicable Codes ............................................................................. 78

Firestop Installation Methods and Instructions .................................................................................... 79

Firestopping Inspections and Safety Considerations ........................................................................... 79

Firestopping Products and Materials .................................................................................................... 80

Smoke Management and Related Concepts ............................................................................................. 81

Smoke Control ........................................................................................................................................ 81

Nature of Smoke..................................................................................................................................... 81



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Pressurization Smoke Control Systems ................................................................................................ 82

Smoke Control Systems for Large Volume Spaces ............................................................................... 83

Commissioning Smoke Control Systems .............................................................................................. 84

Warehouse Protection and Related Concepts .......................................................................................... 85

Warehouse Fire Safety ........................................................................................................................... 85

Warehouse Fire Safety - Fire Problems ................................................................................................. 86

Special Hazardous Commodities .......................................................................................................... 86

Overview of Hazardous Commodities ................................................................................................... 87

Fire Safety for Industrial Trucks ............................................................................................................. 89

Electrical Installation Concerns and Related Training Concepts ............................................................. 90

Electrical Installations in Hazardous Locations .................................................................................... 90

Zone Classification ................................................................................................................................. 91

Class I Applications ................................................................................................................................ 92

Class II Wiring Methods .......................................................................................................................... 93

Class III Areas .......................................................................................................................................... 94

Sealing in Class I Areas ........................................................................................................................... 95

Classification Basics ............................................................................................................................... 95

Identifying Materials and Equipment .................................................................................................... 96

Protection Method Concepts ................................................................................................................. 97

Emergency Communications Systems ...................................................................................................... 98

Introduction to Emergency Communications Systems ........................................................................ 98

Module 1: Introduction to Emergency Communications Systems ....................................................... 99

Module 2: Risk Analysis Concepts within Emergency Communication Systems ................................. 99

Module 3: Emergency Planning and the Role of Risk Analysis for ECS ............................................... 100

Other Training .......................................................................................................................................... 100

Hot Work Management ........................................................................................................................ 100

Planned Protection System Impairments ........................................................................................... 101

Introduction to Structural Fire Protection .......................................................................................... 102



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Fire Extinguishers at Work ................................................................................................................... 102

Introduction to Mass Notification Systems ......................................................................................... 103

Introduction to Combustible Dust Hazards ........................................................................................ 104

NFPA 70E 2018 ...................................................................................................................................... 104



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Fire Alarm Systems and Related Concepts

Fire Alarm Fundamentals Return to Table of Contents

Overview/Description

This self-paced online training series covers the basics of fire alarm systems. The series focuses on the

wiring requirements, circuit design, power supplies, and detector appliances outlined in NFPA

72®: National Fire Alarm Code®. Complete all nine modules and qualify for .9 CEU.

These modules are included in the series:

• Basic Circuit Design

• Basic Signal and Circuit Means

• Fire Alarm System Functions

• Heat Detectors

• Inspection, Testing, & Maintenance

• Introduction to Initiating Devices

• NEC Requirements

• Power Supplies

• Smoke Detectors

Upon completion you should be able to:

• Distinguish between the different types of alarm system functions, components, and power supplies,

and smoke detectors; and, identify the NEC® requirements for fire alarm systems.

• Explain how fire alarm system signals are transmitted, list the different types of signals and describe

how the integrity of the signaling system and the fire alarm system as a whole is maintained.

• List and explain the devices used to initiate signals in a fire alarm system, including manual fire alarm

boxes, smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, sprinkler waterflow detectors, switches

indicating actuation of fire suppression systems, valve supervisory devices, pressure supervisory

devices, and level supervisory devices.

Who Will Benefit

Anyone whose job involves designing, reviewing, evaluating or installing fire protection systems,

including designers, installers, engineers, electrical contractors, technicians, project managers, fire

marshals, and architects.

Introduction to Initiating Devices Return to Table of Contents



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This self-paced online training course explains initiating devices, which transmit a signal to the fire alarm panel

indicating that the device has undergone a change of state. A change-of-state might be closing a sprinkler

control valve, operating a manual fire alarm box, actuation of a fire detector, or operation of a fire suppression

system.


• List and explain the devices used to initiate signals in a fire alarm system, including manual fire alarm

boxes, smoke detectors, heat detectors, flame detectors, sprinkler waterflow detectors, switches

indicating actuation of fire suppression systems, valve supervisory devices, pressure supervisory

devices, and level supervisory devices

• List and define signal types, including fire alarm signal, alarm signal, trouble signal, supervisory signal,

and supplementary signal.

• List and describe the different items that generate supervisory signals in a fire alarm system, including

manual signal initiation, automatic signal initiation, trouble signal initiation, and supervisory signal

initiation.

• Differentiate between sprinkler system pressure and vane-type waterflow switches

• List the supervisory signal requirements for fire pump installations

Who Will Benefit


including: designers, installers, engineers, electrical contractors, technicians, project managers, fire


Course Summary

• A fire alarm system initiating device is a device that transmits a signal to the fire alarm control unit

indicating that the device has undergone a change of state. A change of state might be closing a

sprinkler control valve, operating a manual fire alarm box, actuation of a fire detector, or operation of a

fire suppression system.

• Initiating devices usually operate automatically. The only manual initiating devices are manual fire

alarm boxes.

• Initiating devices may transmit alarm signals or supervisory signals.

• Types of initiating devices include:

o Manual fire alarm boxes

o Smoke detectors

o Heat detectors

o Flame detectors

o Sprinkler waterflow detectors

o Switches indicating actuation of fire suppression systems

o Valve supervisory devices

o Pressure supervisory devices



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o Level supervisory devices

NEC Requirements Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers NFPA 70, which details National Electrical Code (NEC) wiring

and installation requirements for fire alarm circuits, devices, and appliances. The purpose of the NEC is to

protect people and property from the hazards of electricity. Some NEC contains some requirements for

fire alarm systems are more stringent than for other electrical systems covered by the NEC, and some are

less restrictive.


• Explain the purpose of the NEC, relative to fire alarm systems

• List the applicable NEC articles, relative to fire alarm systems

• Distinguish between power limited circuits and non-power limited circuits

• Explain what is covered by Article 760 of the NEC

• Define "fire alarm circuit" as defined in the NEC

• List the power limitation (volt-amps) for power-limited fire alarm circuits

• Explain NEC chapter 3 wiring methods

• Differentiate between a plenum and other space for environmental air, as listed in the NEC

• List proper wiring types allowed to be installed in certain areas

• Explain the requirements of NEC article 500 as it relates to fire alarm systems

Who Will Benefit



marshals, and architects

Course Summary

• Article 760 of the NEC covers the installation of wiring and circuits for fire alarm systems, including all

circuits controlled and powered by the fire alarm system.

• NEC Article 760, Fire Alarm Systems, refers to other NEC articles that apply to wiring that may be part of a

fire alarm system.

• While equipped with overcurrent protection, non-power-limited fire alarm circuits are powered by a

source that is not necessarily inherently limited in the amount of current that can be on the circuit, even

under fault conditions.

• Article 760 permits wiring methods for fire alarm systems that are less stringent than installations for

normal light and power service.

• For circuits operating at 150 volts or less, non-power-limited cables are available which, with certain

restrictions, may be installed exposed.



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• A power-limited fire alarm circuit is one that is powered by a source that is inherently limited in the

amount of current that can be on the circuit, even under fault conditions. For DC circuits operating at 20

to 100 volts, the limit is 100 volt-amperes.

• Power-limited circuits must be marked so that personnel working on the system know they are working

on power-limited circuits. If circuits are not so marked, the assumption that the circuits are non-power-

limited is applicable.

• In general, power-limited circuits may be installed using the installation methods in NEC Chapter 3, non-

power-limited cables, or power-limited cables.

• The NEC requires that all conductors used in fire alarm systems be copper. Aluminum conductors are

not permitted. Conductors may be solid or stranded.

• NEC Section 760-10 requires that all fire alarm system circuits be identified at terminal and junction

locations in a manner that will prevent unintentional interference with the signaling circuit during

testing and servicing.

• NEC Section 300-11 requires that all cable assemblies, raceways, boxes, cabinets, and fittings be

securely supported from the building structure.

• NEC Section 760-61 permits various types of cables to be substituted for power-limited fire alarm circuit

cables.

• Where fire alarm devices and circuits are installed in locations subject to flammable vapors or

combustible dusts, the installation must meet the requirements of NEC Article 500 for Hazardous

(Classified) Locations.

Basic Circuit Design Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the basic concepts of wiring schemes for fire alarm systems.

Wireless systems are not discussed, as they represent only a small percentage of fire alarm system installations.

The fire alarm circuit wiring serves as a key factor in the ability of a fire alarm system to work correctly.


• Explain the difference between "power limited" and "non-power limited" categories of system wiring

• List the three basic types of fire alarm circuits: initiating device circuits, notification appliance circuits,

and signaling line circuits

• Understand that these circuits can be wired as Class A or B, depending upon the system objectives and

recommendations from the authority having jurisdiction

• Discuss supervision and monitoring, as a function of how the system is wired and the components that

are used

• Explain when and why T-tapping can be allowed

Who Will Benefit






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Course Summary

• The fire alarm circuit wiring serves as a key factor in the ability of a fire alarm system to work correctly. If

wired improperly, there is no guarantee that the signals will be properly transmitted.

• The two general categories of system wiring are "power-limited" and "non-power-limited":

o power-limited fire alarm systems receive their power from power supplies to limit the voltage

and current to safer levels

o non-power-limited systems receive power from power supplies that have higher power levels

• In any case, the National Electrical Code forbids fire alarm systems to operate at more than 600 volts.

• There are three basic types of fire alarm circuits.

o initiating device circuits put information into the system

o notification appliance circuits distribute information from the system

o signaling line circuits may either put information into the system or distribute information from

the system

• Initiating devices are also known as "conventional," whereas signaling line circuits are known as

"addressable" or "intelligent."

• These circuits can be wired as Class A or B, depending upon the system objectives and

recommendations from the authority having jurisdiction.

• Class A circuits cannot lose their ability to transmit a signal if there is a single fault in the circuit. Devices

or appliances connected to a Class B circuit, however, can be impaired beyond a broken wire in the

circuit.

• Regardless, all fire alarm circuits must be monitored for integrity so that any fault in the wiring or any

component is indicated at the control unit as a trouble signal. This supervision or monitoring for

integrity is a function of how the system is wired and the components that are used.

• Fire alarm systems can also have building fire safety circuits that will turn on or turn off equipment to

make a building safer in a fire emergency. An example would be elevator recall, which is routinely done

by interfacing the elevator controls with the fire alarm system.

• Signaling line and initiating device circuits may both serve as input circuits, but operate quite

differently:

o signaling line circuits are considered intelligent because they can identify individual

components that have initiated a signal

o initiating device circuits cannot do this, but instead merely identify that one of the devices on

the circuit has operated, without identifying which one

• Either circuit type can be used at the discretion of the owner, designer and/or the authority having

jurisdiction.

• T-tapping is a way to add components to the system without breaking into the circuit's wires. Because a

T-tapped component can compromise the monitoring for integrity of a Class B initiating device circuit,

the only circuit that can be T-tapped is a Class B signaling line circuit. Because a T-tapped portion of a

circuit will compromise the ability of a connected component to remain in service under a fault

condition, Class A circuits, no matter which type, must never be T-tapped.



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Basic Signal and Circuit Means Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course coves the types of signals that are transmitted through a fire alarm

system. Because they also serve other functions as well, these systems might be more appropriately titled today

protective signaling systems.


• Understand and define monitoring for integrity, being UL listed, supervising station, initiating device

circuits, signaling line circuits, and notification appliance circuits

• Explain how monitoring for integrity is accomplished in signaling line circuits, notification appliance

circuits, and initiating device circuits

• Differentiate between alarm, supervisory and trouble signals

• Explain the purpose and requirements for a dedicated function fire alarm system

• Explain the differences between a signaling line circuit and an initiating device circuit

• Explain "latching" in reference to fire alarm signals

• Determine when a remote annunciator panel is provided

• Determine when off-premises signal transmission is required

Who Will Benefit




Course Summary

• The primary function of a fire alarm system, or more appropriately titled today, a protective signaling

system, is to detect a fire and alert the occupants of the space. Additionally, the fire alarm system can be

arranged to do other things that make the building safer in the event of a fire. These items – known as

fire safety functions – will be discussed in detail later in the program.

• The fire alarm system receives and processes “signals.” Typically, these signals are alarm, supervisory or

trouble. A building can be equipped with a fire alarm system remote annunciator, at the discretion of

the owner, designer or AHJ.

• The signals received at the fire alarm control unit may be transmitted to a constantly attended alarm

station on the property or to an off-premises receiving station. This detail is applied when required by

the specific occupancy or if the owner, AHJ or (sometimes) the designer deems it beneficial or

necessary.

Heat Detectors Return to Table of Contents




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This self-paced online training course covers the operating principles of fire alarm system heat detectors. These

are fire alarm initiating devices that detect either an abnormally high temperature or rate of temperature rise, or

both, which would be indicative of a fire.


• Explain the differences between line and spot type heat detectors

• Explain the difference between restorable and non-restorable heat detectors

• Describe the operating principles of fixed temperature, rate-of-rise, and rate compensation types of

heat detectors

• Explain how different types of heat detectors operate, including combination rate of rise and fixed

temperature; line-type, wire; line-type, thermistor; line-type, pneumatic; bi-metallic; and eutectic salt

• Explain the advantages and disadvantages of heat detectors

• Describe "thermal lag" as it relates to heat detectors

Who Will Benefit

Anyone whose job involves designing, reviewing, evaluating or installing fire protection systems, including:

designers, installers, engineers, electrical contractors, technicians, project managers, fire marshals, and

architects

Course Summary

• Heat detectors are fire alarm initiating devices that detect either an abnormally high temperature or

rate of temperature rise, or both, which would be indicative of a fire.

• Spot-type heat detectors are placed in one particular spot and can detect a fire only in that spot. Line-

type heat detectors can detect a fire along the length of the detector.

• Restorable heat detectors can be reset after they are actuated provided the fire does not destroy them.

Nonrestorable heat detectors must be replaced after they have been actuated.

• The advantages of heat detectors include:

1. Low installation cost

2. Low life cycle cost

3. Stability

4. Operation under varied environmental conditions

• The major disadvantage of heat detectors is that because they rely on heat from a fire to actuate, they

are relatively slow to respond to a fire compared to other fire detectors.

Smoke Detectors Return to Table of Contents




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This self-paced online training course covers the operating principles of fire alarm system smoke detectors and

smoke alarms, including the two types of smoke detectors, their advantages and disadvantages, their operating

principles, and their sensitivity to smoke.


• Explain the differences between line and spot type smoke detectors

• Explain the differences between system connected smoke detectors and smoke alarms

• Describe the operating principles of ionization, photoelectric, and air sampling types of smoke

detectors

• Explain the allowable methods to determine the sensitivity of a smoke detector

• Explain how smoke detector sensitivity is measured and expressed

• Describe the operation of a linear beam smoke detector

• Explain the advantages of smoke detectors

• Explain the disadvantages of smoke detectors

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Smoke is a mixture of heated air, gases, and fine solids.

• Smoke detectors may be linear beam or spot-type.

• Advantages of smoke detectors include:

o detection of low energy fires

o detection that is faster than heat detectors for most fires

o are preferred in life safety applications

• Disadvantages of smoke detectors include:

o being more expensive than heat detectors

o having a higher life cycle cost than heat detectors

o limitations for use based on environmental conditions

Power Supplies Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the fundamentals of the power supplies used in fire alarm systems.

The course reviews the power supply requirements for all systems and the importance of power supply

requirements in system design.




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• Explain the requirements for the installation of primary power supplies

• Describe the allowable arrangements for the installation of secondary power supplies, as well as

different required arrangements for when the secondary power supply uses batteries, generators or

some combination of the two

• List the secondary power capacity requirements for different types of alarm systems

• Explain the requirements for the installation of an uninterruptible power supply

• List the allowable time for transition from primary to secondary power supplies

• List the allowable time for fire alarm system batteries to re-charge

• Review battery calculations for accuracy

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Each fire alarm system has a specific design that is never 100% generic. The goals of the system - Life

Safety, Property Protection, Mission Continuity, Heritage Preservation, or Environmental Protection -

directly impact the design.

• The power supply is the first component of the fire alarm system. Like other electrical installations, the

power supply must conform to the National Electrical Code (NFPA 70). A fire alarm system needs two

independent power supplies, a primary and a secondary. Primary power normally connects to the

building's light and power service. The secondary (or backup) power supply may be as simple as

control-unit battery power or as complex as a combination of batteries and an engine driven generator.

In the past, secondary power requirements could sometimes be eliminated. However, this required an

extremely reliable primary power supply and a generator. Secondary power elimination is no longer

allowed, as of the publication of NFPA 72-2007. It was allowed in systems installed prior to the adoption

of NFPA 72-2007, but only when the power supply conformed to the National Electrical Code, Articles 700,

701 or 702.

• The fire alarm control unit requires a dedicated primary power circuit. This means that the fire alarm

system's connection to the light and power service cannot be shared; the control unit must be the only

connection on this circuit. The circuit breaker (or other circuit-disconnecting device) must have

controlled access so that only authorized people can operate it. Circuit-disconnecting devices must be

clearly marked in red at the circuit control, and the location of the circuit breaker must be identified at

the fire alarm control panel.

• Secondary power requirements state that within 10 seconds after the primary power fails the secondary

power supply must power the system. However, no signals can be lost. The backup power supply must

keep the system in service for a specified period of time. That period varies with system classification. If

the alarm system is a remote station or auxiliary station system, the requirement is 24 hours, but in

older systems, this may be 60 hours. If the system is a protected premises, central station, or proprietary

supervising station system, the batteries will be required to power the system for a period of 24 hours.

For any system classification, the backup power supply has to provide power for at least five minutes of

full alarm activity.



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• Some properties may use an emergency voice/alarm communication system. Such systems require 24

hour standby in quiescent operation, but the standby power must also provide 15 minutes of operation

at maximum connected load.

• Transfer of power from primary to secondary has to occur so that system functions will not be lost.

• Allowable arrangements for secondary power are storage batteries, multiple generators, or a generator

and batteries.

• Secondary power supplies have special requirements for readiness. Batteries used in a secondary power

supply must be kept charged, which must be completed in 48 hours or less when batteries are fully

discharged. If the charging process fails, the system must initiate a trouble signal. Batteries must be

marked with their date of manufacture.

• Compatibility is a big issue with fire alarm system initiating devices. Underwriters Laboratories and FM

Global keep a list of alarm system components and their ability to interface with other components.

Fire Alarm System Functions Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the fundamentals of alarm systems and how they function.

Students will learn about signals and transmission and about the importance of interpreting those signals. For

students who are responsible for checking or maintaining a fire alarm system, this course will help them focus

on the requirements of their system. A key part of the course's learning will be examining case studies where

students can try their knowledge in a low risk environment.


• Distinguish between the different types of alarm system signals

• Explain how fire alarm system signals are transmitted using timed sequences

• Identify fire alarm system components

• Outline how the integrity of fire alarm systems is maintained

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

Fire alarm systems transmit signals that fall into three categories:

• Alarm signals indicate a situation that requires immediate action. They must be transmitted within 10

seconds after the initiating device activates.

• Supervisory signals are initiated when some other fire protection system that is being monitored by the

alarm system control unit malfunctions or becomes inoperative. An example would be the closing of a

sprinkler system main control valve.



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• Trouble signals are initiated when some monitored component, circuit, or power supply of the alarm

system becomes inoperative. They must be transmitted within 200 seconds and must re-sound every 24

hours until the problem is fixed.

The signals of the alarm system must be distinctive, so they are easily recognized and interpreted. Supervisory

and trouble signals can share the same sound at the fire alarm control unit, but the alarm signal must be

completely different from any other sound heard on the property.

Fire alarm systems always transmit their signals in order of importance.

• Alarm signals have the highest priority and take precedence over every other signal in the system.

• Supervisory signals take precedence over trouble signals.

• Some systems may be combination systems, such as a system that provides security notification in

addition to the fire notification signals. If permitted by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) hold-up

signals may take precedence over supervisory and trouble signals, but never over alarm signals.

Fire Alarm Intermediate Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series covers specialized fire detectors, notification appliances, signal

transmission, and the various fire alarm systems as outlined in NFPA 72®, the National Fire Alarm Code®.

Continue your fire alarm education with this series. Complete all eight modules and qualify for .8 CEU.


• Introduction to Specialized Fire Detectors

• Notification Appliances

• Supervisory Initiating Devices

• EVACS Applications

• Signal Transmission

• Auxiliary Fire Alarm Systems

• Central Station Fire Alarm Systems

• Proprietary Station Fire Alarm Systems


• Describe the role of specialized fire detectors in fire protection systems, the applications and

requirements for different appliances, and the principles that underlie their operation.

• Explain the requirements for monitoring critical processes, electric fire pumps, engine driven fire

pumps, dry pipe sprinkler valves and systems, pre-action sprinkler valves and systems, building

temperature, water storage tanks used for fire protection, special fire suppression systems.

• Describe an EVACS, explain when an EVACS is required, and outline the elements that might be included

in an EVACS system.



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• Explain how various fire alarm signal transmission methods work, including McCulloh system, active

multiplex, directly connected, digital alarm communications system, two-way RF multiplex systems,

one-way private radio, directly connected non-coded systems, and private microwave radio systems.

Who Will Benefit




Introduction to Specialized Fire Detectors Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers specialized fire detectors that are able to detect fires much more

quickly than conventional fire detectors will actuate and much smaller than conventional devices can detect.

The course will discuss the operating principles and parameters of radiant energy fire detectors, and detectors

used in explosion detection. It will also examine specialized fire detectors, including flame detectors,

spark/ember detectors, and explosion detectors.


• Define spark, ember, detonation, and deflagration

• List three applications where flame detectors can be used for early detection

• Explain the relationship between radiant energy and explosion detection and fire or explosion

suppression

• Differentiate between infrared, ultraviolet and visible wavelengths of light relative to radiant energy

detection

• List the factors that may impact the operation of a radiant energy fire detector

• List the two operating principles that are used in explosion detectors

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Flame detectors are used in high hazard applications where very rapid fire detection is required.

• All fires emit electromagnetic radiation. Depending on the fuel involved and the mode of combustion,

the light energy emitted may be visible, infrared, ultraviolet, or any combination of these wavelengths.

• Ultraviolet (UV) flame detectors use a vacuum photo diode tube that generates an electrical current

when exposed to ultraviolet light rays.

• Infrared flame (IR) detectors are available as either single wavelength or multiple wavelength types.



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• Combination UV/IR detectors combine both the ultraviolet and infrared detection methods into a single

detector. This can provide a more stable detector as a specific UV and a specific IR wavelength must be

detected before the combination detector actuates and alarm.

Notification Appliances Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the operational requirements for visible and audible notification

appliances. This includes the application and use of lights, horns, bells, and other fire alarm notification

appliances used to alert building occupants, fire brigade members, and others of a fire or other condition that

requires action.


• Define key terms, including decibels (dBA), effective intensity, illumination, audible, tactile, visible

• Describe and distinguish between public mode signaling and private mode signaling

• List the requirements for wall mounting audible and visible appliances

• List applications that may be suitable for ceiling mounted appliances

• Determine the required sound output level of an audible notification appliance

• Explain direct and indirect viewing

• Describe the Temporal - 3 pattern

• Explain when synchronization of appliances is required

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• A fire alarm notification appliance is any fire alarm system component that provides an audible, visible

or tactile output from the fire alarm system.

• The entire purpose of fire alarm notification appliances is to "notify" someone that a condition

requiring action exists.

• Notification can be classified as either public mode or private mode. Public mode notification is

intended to alert all occupants of the building. Private mode notification is intended to alert only

selected individuals that action is required.

• When public mode signaling is used to alert occupants to evacuate a building, the ANSI Audible

Emergency Evacuation Signal should be used. This signal is a three-pulse temporal pattern that may be

reproduced by any type of bell, horn, speaker, or other notification appliance.



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• The sound produced by the fire alarm system when operating in the public mode must produce a

minimum sound pressure level of 15 dBA above the average ambient sound level in the area or 5 dBA

above the maximum sound level that lasts 60 seconds or more, whichever is greater.

• Fire alarm systems may also use visible fire alarm notification appliances. They are most often used to

supplement the audible appliances, where ambient sound levels are too high to hear the audible

appliances, where hearing-impaired individual may be located, or where required by other codes and

standards.

• Where visible notification appliances are used for public mode notification there is a minimum flash

rate (1 per second) and a maximum flash rate (2 per second).

EVACS Applications Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers details the requirements and operations of Emergency Voice and

Alarm Communications Systems (EVACS) and the requirements for these systems in the 1999 Edition of NFPA

72, National Fire Alarm Code.


• Describe an EVACS

• Understand when an EVACS is required

• Outline the elements that might be included in an EVACS system, including amplifiers, tone generators,

logic for complex switching decisions, storage media for recorded messages, microphone, and speaker

circuit controls

• Outline the responsibilities of the incident commander (IC)

• Describe the elements of a fire command center (FCC), including location and physical requirements of

the FCC and for two-way communication systems linking the FCC and emergency responders

• Define the concept of EVACS survivability and outline survivability requirements for an EVACS

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

Definition

• An emergency voice alarm communications system is a dedicated manual or automatic fire alarm

system for the origination and distribution of voice instructions, alert tones, and evacuation signals to

the occupants of a building during a fire emergency.

• Only those voice systems installed to initiate the partial or selective evacuation or relocation of building

occupants are considered to be emergency voice alarm communications systems.



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System Design

• In addition to the normal control equipment used for a fire alarm system, the controls for an emergency

voice alarm communications system includes some or all of the following:

o Amplifiers

o Tone generators

o Logic for complex switching decisions

o Storage media for recorded messages

o Microphone

o Speaker circuit controls

• The voice messages transmitted over an EVACS may be either pre-recorded or live.

Fire Command Center

• Each emergency voice alarm communications system typically requires a fire command center (FCC).

The fire command center is generally used by the fire department incident commander (IC) as a

command post during the fire. From the FCC the incident commander can:

o Control communications within the building

o Track the progress of fire suppression operations

o Monitor the status of the fire protection and life safety systems in the building

• The fire command center must be provided at the building entrance or other location approved by the

authority having jurisdiction.

• In some cases, the fire command center is combined with control centers for other building operations,

such as security or building system management.

• In addition to providing a method of transmitting messages to the building occupants, some EVACS are

designed to provide two-way communication between the fire command center and emergency

responders in the building.

• These two-way communication circuits are intended primarily for use by the public fire department but

may also be used by civilian fire wardens.

Supervisory Initiating Devices Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the important "oversight" function of supervisory initiating devices

to fire alarm systems, security, process control, and other critical functions. It explains the types and operations

of the devices used to initiate supervisory signals in a fire alarm system.




21

• Explain the function of valve supervisory switches, waterflow supervisory switches, building and water

temperature supervisory switches, pressure supervisory switches, fire pump signal supervisory

switches

• Explain the requirements for monitoring critical processes, electric fire pumps, engine driven fire

pumps, dry pipe sprinkler valves and systems, pre-action sprinkler valves and systems, building

temperature, water storage tanks used for fire protection, special fire suppression systems

• Explain how a fire alarm system can be used to monitor the security guard

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• SUPERVISORY SIGNALS are those signals that indicate an "off normal" condition in some other

monitored fire protection or life safety system.

• A SUPERVISORY INITIATING DEVICE is a fire alarm system component that originates transmission of a

signal indicating an off normal condition in a fire protection or life safety system, or other building

function or process monitored by the building fire alarm system.

• The most common supervisory initiating device is a valve supervisory switch designed to assure that

sprinkler and fire protection water supply valves are open. Critical valves in other fire suppression

systems may also be supervised.

• Building temperature supervisory switches are used to monitor the temperature in areas where

sprinkler piping is subject to freezing if building heat is lost.

• Pressure switches are used as supervisory initiating devices to monitor the readiness of dry-pipe

sprinkler systems. If the air pressure in the system varies more than 10 psi from normal, a supervisory

signal is initiated.

• Supervision of electric fire pumps include power availability, pump running, and phase reversal.

• Supervision of diesel fire pumps include pump running, controller in other than the "automatic"

position, and engine trouble. A common signal may be used to indicate engine trouble conditions such

as low oil pressure, high engine temperature, and battery failure.

• Fire protection water supplies are supervised to assure they are available during a fire. Typical items

that are supervised include the level and temperature of water supply tanks, and the pressure of

incoming public water supplies.

• The fire alarm system may also be used to supervise non-fire protection features in the facility, such as

guard patrol tours and critical processes within the facility.

Signal Transmission Return to Table of Contents




22

This self-paced online training course covers the allowable methods for transmitting fire alarm system signals to

supervising stations. The use of circuits in the protected premises is reviewed in this course only as they apply to

off-premises signaling.


• List the allowable methods of signal transmission

• Understand different methods of signal transmission, including multiplex, subsidiary station,

supervising station, repeater, transmitter, and receiver

• Explain how various fire alarm signal transmission methods work, including McCulloh system, active

multiplex, directly connected, digital alarm communications system, two-way RF multiplex systems,

one-way private radio, directly connected non-coded systems, and private microwave radio systems

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Signal transmission is critical to a complete fire alarm system in a building that is not constantly

occupied, or which has a hazard that merits close monitoring from the fire alarm system. If the

transmission means fails, there is no notification of the problem at the protected premises.

• A number of transmission methods are available, but many are not widely used. In today's technology,

digital communications is most widely used. It involves a digital communicator and a digital receiver

and uses passive communications over the public switched telephone network.

• Additionally, radio frequency transmission is widely used, but mainly in municipal systems and auxiliary

station fire alarm systems.

• NFPA 72 still recognizes all of the methods of signal transmission, as there may be some of the other

methods employed, but not on a significant basis.

Auxiliary Fire Alarm Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the requirements for auxiliary station supervising systems.

Auxiliary station alarm systems are connected from the protected premises through a fire alarm box that

interfaces with municipal circuits or with the municipal alarm receiving station.


• Understand the two types of auxiliary station fire alarm systems

• Understand the three types of fire alarm boxes connected to auxiliary station fire alarm systems

• Define non-interference, succession, and interrogation/response as they relate to auxiliary station fire

alarm systems



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• Explain why coded radio boxes can't be used on shunt-type systems

• Differentiate between Type A and Type B public fire reporting systems

• List the three power supply arrangements allowed in the receiving station for auxiliary station systems

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Auxiliary station alarm systems are connected from the protected premises through a fire alarm box

that interfaces with municipal circuits or with the municipal alarm receiving station. The municipal

system is also known as the public fire reporting system and is owned and operated by the

municipality.

• There are a number of ways that the protected premises can connect to the alarm receiving station.

o Master fire alarm boxes are mechanical boxes that can transmit fire alarm signals using a code

that is indicative of the address of the facility. A municipal box also has manual actuation

abilities, so it has public access capabilities as well as alarm transmission from the protected

premises.

o Auxiliary boxes are similar to the master box, but they have no public access capability and are

specifically designed for alarm signal transmission from a protected premises fire alarm

system.

o Radio frequency boxes are replacing many master and auxiliary boxes in communities. They,

too, transmit fire alarm signals, but they use radio frequencies and have the capability to

transmit other signals also, such as supervisory signals, from the protected premises.

o Although a fire alarm system doesn't connect to them, telephone boxes are also used in the

municipal system as manual notification for the public.

• Fire alarm boxes are powered either by a connection at the protected premises or from the public

reporting system circuits. If powered from the protected premises, they are known as local energy

boxes. If connected to the municipal circuit for power, they are called shunt boxes.

• Local energy boxes are preferred, because if there is a problem with the power on the municipal

circuits, the local energy box senses it, a signal is generated at the protected premises and the

subscriber knows about it. If the shunt box loses power, the protected premises system can't detect it.

• The receiving station on the public reporting system has specific requirements for the arrangement of

power, circuits, and operations, depending on the size of the station relative to the number of signals it

receives.

• The power is supplied in one of three forms: 4A, 4B or 4C. Each of these has different secondary power

arrangements, depending on the size of the operation and the number of signals that are handled in the

alarm receiving station.



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• The public reporting system is categorized as either Type A or Type B, depending on the number of

boxes connected to it. Typically, the Type A system is found in larger cities and Type B systems will be

implemented in smaller locations.

Central Station Fire Alarm Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the requirements for central station supervising station systems. A

central station is a UL listed facility, with some strict requirements.


• Understand the six elements that are required to be present when central station service is provided

• List the components that are required for UL listing in a central station

• Define subsidiary station, circuit adjustment, and retransmission

• Explain the advantages of central station service over other alarm systems connected to monitoring

companies

• List the documents that a central station service company is required to meet for listing purposes

• List the acceptable methods of signal retransmission

• Explain why two people are required to be present in the central station at all times

• List the requirements of central station personnel in handling alarm signals, trouble signals, and

supervisory signals

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• For many years, full central station service was available in only large metropolitan areas, due to

limitations with the technology that was available at the time. However, with modern telephone

technology, geographic limitations no longer exist.

• Central station service is operated by private alarm companies for the purpose of making a profit. They

not only deal with fire alarm systems, but may monitor security systems and manufacturing facility

operations.

• The central station is a listed entity, conforming to strict standards outlined in UL/ANSI 827. This

document outlines requirements for building construction of the physical central station, as well as fire

protection, backup power supplies, and security.

• Full central station service requires fulfilling six elements:

1. Equipment installation

2. Inspection, maintenance, and testing of the equipment



25

3. Monitoring of signals

4. Record keeping and signal recording

5. Runner service

6. Signal retransmission to the fire department

• There are specific rules regarding signal disposition. Fire alarm signals from a protected premises have

to be immediately retransmitted to the service that dispatches the fire department. Trouble and

supervisory signals have to be immediately reported to the designated people at the protected

premises.

Proprietary Station Fire Alarm Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers requirements for proprietary station supervising systems and

manual fire alarm systems. Proprietary systems are established by owners of properties that want to control the

fire alarm signaling systems themselves. Manual systems give occupants a method to initiate a fire alarm signal.


• Understand the other fire protection/life safety systems that are allowed to be interconnected with

proprietary station fire alarm systems

• Understand construction and access requirements for proprietary stations

• Define key concepts, including subsidiary station, contiguous property, retransmission, non-contiguous

property, and manual fire alarm system

• Explain proprietary station requirements for recording, personnel, retransmission, signal

retransmission, signal disposition

• Explain mounting requirements for manual stations

• List the requirements for location of manual stations, relative to exits and travel distance

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Proprietary station fire alarm systems are used by owners of properties that want to control the fire

alarm signaling systems themselves. Basically, the owner establishes the fire alarm monitoring station

in one of their properties and connects all of their buildings to that system. The properties can be in the

same geographic area, in different areas, or in a large single building or campus, such as a high-rise

structure or college campus.

• The alarm receiving station has to be constantly attended by at least two people, but one can leave the

station to become a runner, as long as the runner stays in contact with the alarm station.



26

• Retransmission of alarm signals to emergency responders can be manual or automatic. Manual

retransmission is governed by specific requirements for the retransmission of the signal to the fire

department.

• Manual fire alarm boxes are provided to give occupants a method to initiate a fire alarm signal. NFPA 72

has specific wording that outlines the mounting height and location of manual fire alarm boxes relative

to travel distance and exits.

• Manual boxes have to be installed so that they don't become hidden because they blend into a wall or

background. There is no specific wording in NFPA 72 that dictates whether manual boxes are single or

double acting boxes, and pull box protective covers are allowed.

Fire Alarm Advanced Bundle Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series covers the other codes that affect fire alarm systems, the authorities that

affect fire alarm systems, fire alarm plans and code requirements and the inspection, testing, and maintenance

of fire alarm systems once they are deployed. Complete all six modules and qualify for .6 CEU.


• Authorities and Requirements

• Fire Alarm Plan and Code Requirements

• Remote Station and Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems

• Commissioning Fire Alarm Systems

• Fire Alarm System Testing

• Fire Alarm Inspection and Maintenance


• Understand building codes, explain the purpose of the model building code and describe jurisdictional

requirements.

• Define key terms, including building fire alarm system, dedicated function fire alarm system, releasing

fire alarm system, initiating device circuit, signaling line circuit, notification appliance circuit, and

dedicated leased line.

• List the items required for a proper fire alarm system commissioning process and explain why a

thorough inspection of the system is required prior to any testing and when a fire alarm system is

considered commissioned and define the owner's responsibility for fire alarm systems.

Who Will Benefit



architects.



27

Authorities and Requirements Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the authorities that will issue requirements that may impact fire

alarm system design. It also discusses basic power and electrical requirements for fire alarm systems.


• Explain the function of the Insurance Services Office

• Explain why jurisdictional requirements exist

• List the organizations that may have an impact on fire alarm system design

• Define key terms like Authority Having Jurisdiction, approve, and highly protected risk

• Explain the purpose of a fire alarm system specification

• Explain the purpose of the National Electrical Code

• Explain the importance of Article 760 of the National Electrical Code

• Explain primary and secondary power supplies for fire alarm systems

• Explain the basic requirements for batteries as part of the fire alarm system

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Although the two items discussed in this module are not directly related, they are both extremely

important issues.

• Fire alarm systems are required in certain occupancies by some specific code, such as a Building Code,

but an Authority Having Jurisdiction may ultimately decide the extent of a system’s installation.

Technically, there are two types of AHJ: those with the power of the law, like fire marshals and building

officials, and those with the power of economics, such as insurance companies.

• Those with the power of law can stop an operation, and those with the power of the economy can make

it difficult to operate. If an insurance company cancels the policy, it will be very risky for that company

to operate, as their exposure to loss is not “covered.”

• Fire alarm system power supply requirements are found in two places: NFPA 70, the National Electrical

Code (NEC), and NFPA 72, the National Fire Alarm Code. The electrical design requirements for the

operation and construction of the power supply are contained in the NEC. The arrangement of the

power supply is found in NFPA 72.

• Basically, the power supply to the fire alarm system must be dedicated to the fire alarm system.

Primary and secondary power supplies are required for all fire alarm systems, and both must have the



28

capacity to supply the fire alarm system independent of the other. The secondary power supply has to

power the system for a defined period of time and has specific requirements for its arrangement.

Fire Alarm Plans and Code Requirements Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers standards and codes that outline regulatory requirements for fire

alarm systems. Understanding how to maneuver through the world of codes and standards is critical in

determining the requirements for the design and installation of fire alarm systems.


• Identify specific plan symbols used in the development of architectural and fire alarm drawings

• Understand and explain common construction terms found on drawings and in specifications

• Define key terms, including joists, beams. columns, truss, and authority having jurisdiction

• Explain how obstructions impact the placement of fire detection devices

• Explain the purpose of NFPA 170

• Explain the purpose for model building codes

• List three documents that can be used as building codes

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• The first step in being able to work with fire alarm design requires that an individual be able to read

architectural and mechanical drawings. Then, the designer needs to understand and use common

symbols so that the installer, owner, AHJ and all other concerned parties understand how the

installation is supposed to progress.

• Different jurisdictions maintain different standards for the installation of fire protection equipment,

including fire alarm systems. The basic requirements for fire alarm systems are occupancy-based, and

typically found in a published building or fire code. That document may well reference another

document, such as the National Fire Alarm Code, or a local requirement.

• Understanding how to maneuver through the world of codes and standards is critical in determining

the requirements for the design and installation of fire alarm systems.

Remote Station and Protected Premises Fire Alarm Systems Return to Table of Contents




29

This self-paced online training course covers the requirements for remote station, protected premises and

combination fire alarm systems. Protected premises systems operate inside the walls of the property, not

transmitting signals to a central alarm point, either on the property or off premises. Remote stations deal with

the transmission and receipt of signals at a site not located on the protected premises.


• Explain why fire alarm systems do not control other building functions, such as time clocks and elevator

movement

• List the three basic components of a protected premises fire alarm system

• Define key terms, including building fire alarm system, dedicated function fire alarm system, releasing

fire alarm system, Initiating device circuit, signaling line circuit, notification appliance circuit, and

dedicated leased line

• List typical locations used as a remote station

• Explain the staffing requirements for remote stations

• List the signal precedence for fire alarm system signals

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Protected premises systems are those that exist as a "local" system. In other words, the system is

inside the walls of the property, not transmitting signals to a central alarm point, either on the property

or off premises.

• Protected premises systems can be interfaced with any other type of fire alarm or fire safety system,

such as elevator recall, and can be provided with emergency voice alarm systems for occupant

notification. The level of requirements that have to be met by the protected premises system is

determined by reference to other codes and standards, such as the local building code requirements.

• Protected premises fire alarm systems are the basis for other fire alarm systems, such as proprietary or

auxiliary systems. The protected premises system is connected to transmission equipment that

transmits the signal off premises, or to an in-house alarm point that serves as a constantly attended

supervising station. This combination forms the supervising station system.

• Remote station supervisory systems are used when there is no other form of supervising station

required by an authority, or desired by the owner. Connections to a remote station tend to be less

costly.

• The remote station can be in a number of locations, such as fire departments or community dispatch

centers, but have been other locations with constant attendance, such as local answering

services. These locations have to be able to dispatch the fire department.



30

• Staffing and record keeping are outlined in NFPA 72. There must be two operators on duty that can

handle calls in the remote station, but one can be assigned other duties. Records have to be

maintained for at least a year, but the remote station will typically keep them longer than a year.

• There are many systems that can be combined with a fire alarm system to achieve specific

functions. The most common combination system is probably a combination fire and burglary

panel. However, there are other systems which can be combined with a fire alarm system control. For

example, a system control unit that is listed for releasing service can serve the function of

interconnected fire alarm control units because it can act also as a releasing panel.

• Combination systems can share components and wiring as long as a fault on the non-fire part of the

system does not affect the normal function of the fire alarm system. Speakers can be used for non-fire

purposes, such as a public address system, as long as they are listed for fire purposes and are captured

by the fire alarm system upon emergency actuation.

Commissioning Fire Alarm Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the requirements for commissioning a fire alarm system.

Commissioning a fire alarm is much more than the initial testing when the system is new.


• Understand the primary objectives that a fire alarm system will be designed to meet

• Understand why design drawings and system specifications need to be provided for all fire alarm

systems

• List the items required for a proper fire alarm system commissioning process

• Explain why a thorough inspection of the system is required prior to any testing

• Define key terms, including acceptance test, re-acceptance test, design drawings, and system

specifications

• Explain when a fire alarm system is considered commissioned

• List the people or parties who are stakeholders fire alarm system commissioning

• Explain the purpose of a test plan and list the items that a test plan should include

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

Fire alarm system commissioning is often thought of as the "acceptance test". But, it is much more than

that. Commissioning isn't complete until:



31

• confirmation by inspection that the installation of the system is according to approved plans and

specifications, is complete and proper

• the system and all of its components have been totally tested per the requirements of NFPA 72

• all problems found during the inspection and acceptance testing have been corrected

• all documentation required by NFPA 72 is filed with the owner or owner's representative

• the AHJ has accepted the system

• the system is left-in service and operational

Depending on changes to the fire alarm system, the magnitude and type of changes will dictate the level of re-

acceptance testing required. Re-acceptance testing requirements also depend on the type of system that is

installed.

Fire Alarm System Testing Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the proper method of testing and the frequency that tests should

be conducted for fire alarm system components.


• List the elements which are required for a fire alarm system testing plan

• List the responsibilities of the owner relative to fire alarm system testing

• Explain the need for an impairment plan as it applies to fire alarm system testing

• Define key terms, including test, impairment to fire alarm systems, initiating device, notification

appliance, detector sensitivity, solid joist (relative to heat detectors), supervisory signal, alarm signal,

and trouble signal

• Explain how to determine the proper methods for testing fire alarm system components

• Explain how to determine the proper frequency for testing fire alarm system components

• List the equipment required to properly test components and conductors in a fire alarm system

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• It is often said that something is only as good as the last time it was tested...and this applies to fire

alarm system components as well. The proper method of testing and the frequency that tests should

be conducted is extremely important to the proper operation a the fire alarm system.



32

• Components are tested in the manner that most closely resembles the way they will operate in an

emergency. Proper testing procedures are outlined in the National Fire Alarm Code, NFPA 72, and in the

product information that is part of the listing of the component.

• Most notification appliances are tested annually by making them operate. Measurements are required

for audibility, and sometimes, measuring intelligibility is required. These measurements require the

use of measurement equipment, such as a sound level meter. Visible notification appliances are not

required to be measured, as the proper selection and installation ensures proper illumination levels.

• Initiating devices are tested based on the type of device involved. This applies to both the method of

testing, and the frequency of testing. Most alarm signal initiating devices are tested annually, but more

sophisticated devices, such as flame detectors, are tested more often. Supervisory devices are typically

tested on a quarterly basis, again, with some exceptions. NFPA 72 outlines the testing frequency

requirements.

Fire Alarm Inspection and Maintenance Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers responsibility for the elements of system inspection and

maintenance programs, and what it takes to put these in place. Once a properly designed system is installed,

inspection, testing and maintenance programs will dictate how well the system continues to meet its intended

goals.


• Describe the owner's responsibility for the fire alarm system, with regard to inspection; maintenance;

impairment notification; inspection, testing and maintenance notification; and alarm system

contracting for inspection, testing and maintenance services

• Understand why inspections are critical to a fire alarm system

• Explain the basic requirements for maintenance of a fire alarm system

• Explain the periodic inspection requirements for fire alarm control units, batteries, initiating devices,

notification appliances, and signal transmission equipment

• Explain the items that should be considered during an inspection of fire alarm system equipment

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• A fire alarm system is only as good as the last time it was subjected to a thorough inspection and test.

Inspections reveal all of the problems that can affect the proper operation of the system.



33

• People often do things that make a system less likely to operate the way it was intended to operate.

Coffee cups placed on detectors, valve switches damaged by the maintenance crews and changes in

occupancies are all things that fire alarm inspections reveal.

• Inspections of different parts of the system are conducted at different frequencies based on history.

Some items are more prone to be damaged and blocked than others are, thus different frequencies.

• Maintenance of fire alarm systems is relatively simple to figure out. The manufacturer's information on

the different parts of the system dictates how it is maintained. There is no one generic system for fire

alarm system maintenance; following the manufacturer's instructions and timeframes are imperative.

• In today's world, the computer is a valuable tool in establishing maintenance and inspection records.

Spreadsheets containing the dates when different inspections are due, and when maintenance should

be performed are easy to maintain documents. Instructions can also be put right into the spreadsheet

so that inspections and maintenance operations are done properly and on time.

Automatic Fire Sprinkler System Training

Automatic Sprinkler Fundamentals Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series introduces students to the basic principles of the components, application,

design, installation, testing, maintenance, and use of automatic sprinkler systems. The series covers the

components of the four basic types of automatic sprinkler systems and describes how these components

interrelate to form a fire control or fire suppression system that will achieve a facility's fire safety objectives for

life safety, property protection, mission continuity, heritage preservation, and environmental protection.

Complete all nine courses and earn .9 CEU.


• Automatic Sprinkler Inspection, Testing & Maintenance

• Introduction to Automatic Sprinklers and Sprinkler Heads

• Introduction to Clean Agents

• Planned Sprinkler System Impairments

• Fire Behavior- Introduction to Fire Suppression

• Authorities, Specifications and Codes & Standards

• Plan Reading and Symbols

• Sprinkler System Basics

• Occupancy and Commodity Classifications




34

• Outline the history of automatic sprinkler system development, explain how to prevent the main causes

of automatic sprinkler system failure, and discuss the procedures for handling impairments.

• List and define the major components of a different types of sprinkler systems and understand how the

components operate.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Automatic Sprinkler Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the inspection, testing, and maintenance requirements for

automatic sprinkler systems, which are found in NFPA 25. The owner of a property is fully responsible for

inspecting, testing, and maintaining the building sprinkler systems.


• Follow proper impairment handling procedures when tests or maintenance require shutdown of the

system.

• Understand the inspection requirements of sprinkler valves for wet-pipe, dry-pipe, deluge, and

preaction systems.

• Understand the inspection requirements of other system components that require regular inspection.

• List key points covered in the inspection required for every sprinkler valve

• How often to conduct a main drain test and other tests, depending on the type of sprinkler system.

• How often all sprinkler control valves must be operated through their full range of movement.

• Understand which sprinkler system components must be repaired or replaced on a specific schedule,

and which components must be repaired when damage is detected during routine inspections and

tests.

Who Will Benefit




Course Summary

• The requirements for the inspection, testing, and maintenance of all types of automatic sprinkler

systems are found in NFPA 25.

• The owner of a property is fully responsible for inspecting, testing, and maintaining the building

sprinkler systems.

• Always follow proper impairment handling procedures when tests or maintenance require shutdown of

the system.



35

• Sprinkler valves for wet-pipe, dry-pipe, deluge, and preaction systems must be inspected to verify

normal water supply pressure, that there is no physical damage, and that there is no leakage from the

valve or trim piping. The extent of the inspection and the inspection frequency depend on the type of

sprinkler valve.

• Other system components also require regular inspection, including strainers, filters, orifices, alarm

devices, backflow prevention assemblies, fire department connections, piping, sprinklers, spare

sprinklers, and the conditions with the building.

Introduction to Automatic Sprinklers and Sprinkler Heads Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the major reasons for sprinkler system failure, improper design

issues, and a short history of automatic sprinkler system development. It is important to understand the reasons

that automatic sprinklers sometimes fail to control a fire. When these situations are recognized, action can be

taken to correct the problem before a fire occurs.


• Outline the history of automatic sprinkler system development.

• Understand and prevent the main reasons for automatic sprinkler system failure, which are:

o System Impairments;

o Incomplete coverage;

o Improper system design.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• An anti-freeze system has a solution of water and anti-freeze in the piping exposed to freezing

temperatures. This type of system can be an alternative to a small dry-pipe sprinkler system, although

there are restrictions on the use of anti-freeze systems.

• The purpose of an exposure protection sprinkler system is to prevent fire from entering windows and

other openings, and to prevent the ignition of any combustible materials on the outside of the building.

The systems may be actuated automatically or manually.

• A limited area system is a partial sprinkler system installed in only specific areas of a building. For

example, NFPA 101, Life Safety Code, and some building codes permit the installation of limited areas

systems. NFPA 13 requires that any limited area sprinkler systems meet the requirements of the

standard as far as they are applicable.



36

• A circulating closed-loop system uses sprinkler system piping to move heating or cooling water

throughout a building. A closed loop system does not use any water from the sprinkler system, it simply

uses the sprinkler piping as a method of circulating hot or cold water to heat exchangers in the building.

Introduction to Clean Agents Overview/Description

This self-paced online training course discusses how clean agents work to cause extinguishment, the clean

agents currently available, and clean agent hardware components.


• Explain the mechanisms clean agents use to cause extinguishment

• List and explain clean agent chemicals that have been used in the past, including:

o carbon dioxide

o Halon 1301

• Explain why the use of these older clean agents has changed

• List and explain new clean agent chemicals, including:

o new halocarbon clean agents

o new inert gaseous clean agents

• Explain standards and regulations governing the use of clean agents, including:

o Undewriters Laborabories

o FM Global

o NFPA 2001

• Explain the components of clean agent systems and how they operate to achieve extinguishment

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Clean agents work to cause extinguishment by displacing oxygen, increasing heat losses from the fire

through increased heat capacity and (for halocarbon based clean agents) through endothermic

decomposition reactions. Some agents, most notably Halon 1301, utilize radicals liberated during

decomposition to interfere with combustion reactions.

• Halon 1301 and carbon dioxide have been used extensively in the past. Halon 1301 has been banned

from production due to its link to stratospheric ozone depletion. Carbon dioxide is limited in

application by the toxicity of the agent at its minimum design concentration.

• Alternative agents developed in response to the production ban of Halon 1301 are grouped into two

main categories based on their reliance on the endothermic decomposition mechanism to cause

extinguishment:



37

o The halocarbon-based agents, which rely on the endothermic decomposition mechanism,

include HFC-227ea (FM-200 or FE-227), HFC-125 (FE-25), HFC-23 (FE-13), and FK-5-1-12 (Novec

1230).

o The inert gas agents, which do not undergo decomposition reactions, include IG-541 (Inergen),

IG-55 (Argonite), IG-01 (argon), and IG-100 (nitrogen).

• The U.S. EPA SNAP evaluates clean agents for environmental impact and exposure limits in the context

of a clean agent fire suppression system.

• Underwriters Laboratories in their standards on clean agents, UL-2166 and UL-2127, develop the

minimum agent requirements and system specific performance requirements. FM Global, in their

approvals process specifies similar performance requirements.

• The National Fire Protection Association in their standard on clean agent systems, NFPA 2001, provides

a comprehensive design, installation, and performance standard for the utilization of these systems.

Planned Sprinkler System Impairments Return to Table of Contents


The self-paced online training course covers how to safely repair a sprinkler system with minimal risk to the

facility while the sprinkler system is off-line. With protection impaired, the risk of damage by fire significantly

rises. Yet shut downs are often required for maintenance, renovation, new construction, or when equipment

fails.


• Understand and describe the three main categories of impairments: planned, emergency, and hidden.

• How to safely plan an impairment by addressing three key issues:

o Preparation;

o Notification requirements and system shutdown;

o System reactivation.

• Describe how to keep the sprinkler system downtime to a relative minimum.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

There are three main categories of impairments:

1. Planned: when the sprinkler system must be shut-down temporarily

2. Emergency: when there is a unexpected failure partially or totally impairs the effectiveness of a

sprinkler system

3. Hidden: An impairment that is not known to exist, and is therefore the most dangerous type



38

In conducting a planned impairment, the major goal is to keep the sprinkler system downtime to an relative

minimum. You can do this by:

• Schedule work so you impair only one system at a time.

• Carefully plan the work so you complete as much of it as possible BEFORE you shut down the sprinkler

system.

• Once you do shut off the sprinkler system, work without interruption until you can restore the system to

full service.

• Never shut off a sprinkler system until someone shuts down all hazardous operations.

Once the work is complete, you must reopen the valve to reactivate the system. Reactivation steps include:

1. Fully re-open the valve.

2. Verify that the valve is open and reactivate the monitoring system.

3. Notify all persons originally notified of the shut down.

4. Remove the tag.

Fire Behavior- Introduction to Fire Suppression Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers basic concepts about fire, with a focus on fire sprinkler and fire

alarm systems. Fire is a very complex physical phenomenon. The effect that is called "burning" is the result of

many physical and chemical interactions.


• Explain why fire is a process and define ignition

• Explain the relationship between lean and rich flammable vapors

• List the people who should be present at a fire pump acceptance test

• Explain the "fire triangle"

• Discuss the relationship between fire plumes and ceiling jets, and explain the importance of

understanding each

• Define and explain key concepts, including British thermal unit (BTU), latent heat of vaporization,

specific heat, exothermic reaction, endothermic reaction, physical fire separation, smothering,

chemical modification, and dilution

• List and explain the three methods of heat transfer

• Explain how various substances function as fire suppression agents

• Explain the difference in high expansion and blanketing foams

Who Will Benefit



39



architects.

Course Summary

• In order to understand the details of sprinkler protection, it is imperative that people working in the

field have a basic understanding of some of the principles of fire science and behavior and how they

affect suppression.

• Fire is a complex reaction that is based in chemistry and follows the laws of physics. Thermodynamics is

a big part of fire spread. To be able to suppress or control a fire may well require the knowledge of fire

chemistry and the understanding of some basic laws of physics. The most basic of these laws is that

mass absorbs energy. This principle, coupled with the fact that fire burns on surfaces, explains why

some objects burn so readily.

• Ignition can't take place unless the fuel is correct, the proper amount of air is present, and an energy

source of sufficient size is available. Once these elements are in place, combustion begins, and a

complex and ever-changing chemical chain reaction is sustained. To eliminate a fire requires the

removal or reduction of one of the four elements. This can be done by cooling, smothering, or changing

the chemical composition of the fire reaction. Different agents will affect one of these mechanisms to

cause suppression.

• Fire is either exothermic (releases heat) or endothermic (absorbs heat). Heat from a fire is transferred

through conduction, convection, or radiation, and many times in a fire, all three vehicles are being used

at the same time.

• In a fire, heat rises in a buoyant energy wave known as a fire plume. The velocity is dependent on the

fire growth, and when a horizontal barrier is in place, the plume of energy spreads out in all directions

along the horizontal barrier to become a ceiling jet. The plume and jet carry the products of combustion

to objects, such as fixtures on the ceiling, but also to sprinklers and detectors.

• Probably the most effective agent in suppression is steam. Steam is derived from the water spray

absorbing heat and increases the ability of water to absorb additional heat through the effect of

expansion, allowing additional surface area to impact the heat of the fire.

Authorities, Specifications, Codes and Standards Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the authorities that require and enforce codes and standards for

sprinkler system design. "Authorities having jurisdiction" are responsible for listing and interpreting

requirements and determining minimum acceptable levels for life safety and property protection applied to

buildings and operations.


• Define key terms, including authority having jurisdiction, approved, highly protected risk, and

amendments



40

• Explain the function of the Insurance Services Office and how insurance companies may impact

sprinkler system design and installation

• Explain why jurisdictional requirements exist

• List the organizations or authorities that may have an impact on fire sprinkler system design

• Explain the purposes of a fire sprinkler system specification

• Explain how sprinklers can be a valued life safety tool

• Explain the purpose of NFPA 13 and how it can become a legally enforced document

• Explain the principle behind substituting one form of fire protection for another

• List the two major model building codes and explain the difference between a code and a standard

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Different jurisdictions maintain different standards for the installation of fire protection equipment. for

example, the basic requirements for fire sprinkler systems are occupancy-based and are typically found

in a published building code or fire code. That document may well reference another document, such

as the NFPA 13, or a local requirement.


the requirements for the design and installation of fire protection systems.

• Fire sprinkler systems are required in certain occupancies by some specific code, such as a Building

Code, but an Authority Having Jurisdiction may ultimately decide the extent of a systems installation.

Technically, there are two types of AHJ: those with the power of the law, like fire marshals and building

officials, and those with the power of economics, such as insurance companies.

• Those with the power of law can stop an operation, and those with the power of economics can make it

difficult to operate. If an insurance company cancels the policy, for example, it would be very risky for a

building owner to operate without insurance.

Plan Reading and Symbols Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers various plan symbols and model building codes and fire codes

used in fire alarm system design. The ability to read and understand construction plans is necessary to

determine the requirements and validity of a fire alarm system installation plan.


• Identify specific plan symbols

• Explain common construction terms found on drawings and in specifications



41

• Define key terms, including joist, beam, column, truss, and authority having jurisdiction

• Explain how obstructions impact the placement of fire detection devices

• Explain the purpose of NFPA 170

• Explain the purpose for model building codes

• List three documents that can be used as building codes

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• The first step in being able to work with fire alarm design requires that an individual be able to read

architectural and mechanical drawings. Then, the designer needs to understand and use common

symbols so that the installer, owner, AHJ and all other concerned parties understands how the

installation is supposed to progress.

• Different jurisdictions maintain different standards for the installation of fire protection equipment,

including fire alarm systems. The basic requirements for fire alarm systems are occupancy-based and

typically found in a published building code or fire code. That document may well reference another

document, such as the National Fire Alarm Code, or a local requirement.


the requirements for the design and installation of fire alarm systems.

Sprinkler System Basics Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the basic requirements for installation and operation of sprinkler

systems. Sprinkler systems are relatively simple systems, when properly installed. However, if they are not

properly designed, installed and maintained, they will fail to contain or suppress a fire as planned.


• Define "automatic sprinkler system"

• List and explain the differences between the four major types of sprinkler systems and typical

applications of them

• Explain the Owner's Certificate and its application

• Explain why additives to stop leaks are not allowed in sprinkler systems

• Explain the difference between key pairs of concepts including limited combustible vs. noncombustible

materials of construction, obstructed vs. unobstructed construction, fire suppression vs. fire control

and pendant sprinklers vs. upright sprinklers



42

• Define and explain key terms and concepts, including response time index/thermal sensitivity, branch

line, main, cross main, feed main, sprig, riser and K-factor

• List the normal working pressure for fittings and components used in sprinkler systems

• Explain the difference between the spray patterns developed in old-type and modern sprinkler heads

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Sprinkler systems are relatively simple systems, when properly installed. However, if they are not

properly designed, installed and maintained, they will fail to contain or suppress a fire as planned.

• There are four different types of systems (wet, dry, deluge and preaction) and all have a specific design

to accomplish specific objectives.

• NFPA 13 details the basic requirements for sprinkler protection, and specific applications will be

examined in more detail in other part of this program. The basic requirements and definitions are

contained in the first parts of NFPA 13, including requirements for the Owner's Certificate, additives in

sprinkler systems and rules for limited systems.

• A number of terms and definitions have to be understood as they apply to sprinkler protection and

systems, or mistakes will be made in the application of the system.

Occupancy and Commodity Classifications Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers occupancy and commodity classifications as they relate to

sprinkler system design. Occupancy classifications concern the use or intended use of a space. Commodity

classifications relate to the materials, including packing materials, that may be present. Both can have a big

impact on the characteristics of a fire that might occur, and therefore on the appropriate sprinkler system

design.


• Identify the document that contains the requirements for classifying occupancies and commodities

relative to sprinkler protection

• Explain the relationship between building code occupancies and sprinkler system standards

• Define occupancy and commodity, relative to sprinkler system design

• Explain key concepts, including: light hazard occupancy, ordinary hazard occupancy, extra hazard

occupancy, class 1 through 4 commodities and group A, B and C plastic commodities

• Explain the relative burning characteristics of the different occupancy hazard classifications and

commodity classifications



43

• List two examples of each occupancy, commodity and plastics group classification

• Explain how the classifications is determined for a space with multiple occupancies or multiple

commodity classes

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Prior to designing any sprinkler protection for a building, the occupancy classification of the space or

commodity classification of the storage in the space has to be determined. Occupancy classifications

are determined for areas where operations take place, such as a manufacturing floor, or where events

take place, like an arena.

• The rate of heat release, continuity of combustibles and the environmental conditions all have an

impact on burning, and if the classification isn't correctly assigned, sprinkler protection will be

inadequate.

• Occupancies are broken into five classes, relative to the burning characteristics in the space:

o Light Hazard, such as an office or meeting room

o Ordinary Hazard Group 1, an example of which is a cannery or glass products manufacturing

o Ordinary Hazard Group 2, such as a distillery or dry cleaner

o Extra Hazard Group 1, where dust is typically present, such as a plywood plant

o Extra Hazard Group 2, similar to an automobile paint spray booth, or other spaces where

flammable or combustible liquids are routinely present

• There can be more than one occupancy classification determined for a space. If different occupancies

are separated, each occupancy stands on its own merit. But if it is a mixed occupancy within the same

protected space, the higher occupancy classification prevails, and is used to determine protection

criteria.

• Commodities are broken into four groups, but there is a different classification process for the storage

of plastic commodities. The four commodity classifications, Classes I through IV, are based upon the

relative amount of burning that can take place in a unit load.

• As the commodity class increases, so does the combustibility of the material in storage and the relative

amount of plastics that are present in the unit load.

• There is also a separate classification for plastics, again relative to the ease with which they will burn.

There are three groupings:

o A being the class that burns most easily. This group contains the plastics from which most toys

and soda bottles are made.

o The Group B classification contains materials such as nylon and natural rubber.

o The Group C classification contains materials such as bakelite and melamine.



44

• Different commodities can be stored in the same warehouse or storage area. If this is done, and they are

isolated, the protection criteria for each commodity stands on its own merit for that area. However, if

the storage isn't segregated by classification, the highest classification applies throughout.

Automatic Sprinkler Intermediate Bundle Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series introduces students to the basic principles of the components, application,

design, installation, testing, maintenance, and use of automatic sprinkler systems. The series covers the

components of the four basic types of automatic sprinkler systems and describes how these components

interrelate to form a fire control or fire suppression system that will achieve a facility's fire safety objectives for

life safety, property protection, mission continuity, heritage preservation, and environmental protection.

Complete all eight courses and earn .8 CEU.


• Dry-Pipe Systems

• Hydraulic Calculations

• Special Sprinkler Systems

• Water Supply Requirements

• Piping Configurations

• Sprinkler Spacing and Positioning

• Hanging and Bracing

• Seismic Protection


• Define the inspection requirements of sprinkler valves for wet-pipe, dry-pipe, deluge and preaction

systems, and other types of sprinkler systems and list how often to conduct a main drain test and other

tests, depending on the type of sprinkler system.

• Understand the basic principles of designing a sprinkler system and the advantages and disadvantages

of the most common piping configurations.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Dry-Pipe Systems Return to Table of Contents



45


This self-paced online training course covers the application, operation, inspection, testing, and maintenance of

dry-pipe automatic sprinkler systems. A dry-pipe automatic sprinkler system uses closed automatic sprinkler

heads fed by a piping system containing compressed air or nitrogen to hold the dry-pipe valve closed until a fire

fuses a sprinkler head. When the compressed gas is released, the dry-pipe valve opens allowing water into the

sprinkler piping.


• Understand the advantages and disadvantages of dry-pipe sprinkler systems

• List and describe the major components of a dry-pipe valve.

• Understand which components of a dry-pipe valve system must be tested quarterly, annually, and

every three years.

• Understand the required timing of visual inspection, testing, and maintenance of sprinkler control

valves and waterflow alarms.

• List and describe acceptable methods of valve supervision.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• A dry-pipe valve must be trip tested every year, and full flow trip tested once every three years.

• Quick opening devices must be tested quarterly.

• Each sprinkler control valve must be visually inspected to assure it is fully open. The frequency of the

visual inspections depends on the method of supervising the valve.

• Acceptable methods of valve supervision include:

o Sealing the valve

o Locking the valve

o Electronic supervision

• Each sprinkler control valve must be tested and maintained on at least an annual basis.

• A main drain test is conducted to determine if there are any major blockages in the water supply for the

sprinkler system. A main drain test must be conducted on each wet-pipe sprinkler system at least

annually and each time the system control valve is operated.

• All sprinkler waterflow alarms must be tested at least quarterly.



46

Hydraulic Calculations Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers hydraulic principles as they apply to sprinkler systems, and

explains the applications and design criteria for hydraulically designed sprinkler systems.


• Explain the use of computers and programming in hydraulic sprinkler system design

• Explain the arrangement of pipe schedule systems

• Describe the different types of design methods for sprinkler systems

• Explain the differences between gridded and looped sprinkler systems

• Explain the "k" factor of a sprinkler orifice

• List and explain the four items that affect losses in piping systems

• Demonstrate the ability to determine the approximate flow delivered from hydraulically designed

sprinkler systems

• List the items that affect the design of residential sprinkler systems

• Explain the following sprinkler system design methods:

o density/area

o room design

o exposure/water curtain

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Hydraulic sprinkler systems are the most efficient when properly designed, because their design makes

the most efficient use of the available water supply. Four things determine the ability of any piping

system to pass water through...

o distance that the water has to travel,

o amount of flow through the piping,

o type of material used, and

o the age of the piping network, in many cases.

• The advent of the computer has enhanced the design of sprinkler systems in the past forty years. prior

to the computer, almost all systems were installed as pipe schedule systems. These types of systems

were based on the number of sprinklers loaded onto a specific diameter pipe. There wasn't too much



47

thought given to the water supply, as long as the supply met some rudimentary requirements for flow

and pressure.

• Hydraulically designed systems can use a variety of design methods, based on the requirements of the

occupancy and the desire of the designer. The most common type of hydraulic system is the

density/area method, which can be used in alomost every occupancy. However, as the hazard of the

space increases, designs that use more appropriate methods, such as ESFR for high challenge

occupancies, are necessary in many cases.

Special Sprinkler Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers sprinkler heads and sprinkler systems that may be used for unusual

or special applications. Ordinary sprinkler systems using conventional sprinkler heads can be used to protect

most situations. In some applications, however, special systems or systems using special types of sprinkler

heads provide more effective, or more economical protection.


• List and describe the most common types of special sprinkler heads, including early suppression fast

response (ESFR), large drop, and quick response heads.

• List and describe other sprinkler heads designed for special applications, including in-rack, extended

coverage, residential, and coated heads.

• List and describe materials have special sprinkler protection requirements detailed in NFPA 13.

• List and describe different types of special sprinkler systems, including anti-freeze, exposure

protection, limited area, and circulating closed-loop systems.

• Define response time index.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• In many instances, what is felt to be "common" sprinkler systems, mainly wet and dry systems, cannot

properly protect the hazard or occupancy for which the sprinkler system is installed. Thus, systems with

specialized design criteria are required.

• Storage occupancies are a situation where increased system capability is required, and this ability is

gained by using specific equipment, such as large orifice sprinklers, and increased hydraulic design.

• There also many other special systems. These include systems to protect:

o water cooling towers

o exposures to a building presented by other structures



48

o hyperbaric and anachoic chambers and facilities

o power generation facilities

o wharves and piers

o telecommunication facilities

• Additionally, many of these occupancies are the focus of specific NFPA standards for their protection

requirements. Other specific systems include those that use anti-freeze solutions, fire fighting foam and

high speed deluge systems, for example.

• Essentially, almost anything can be protected by automatic sprinklers, even if the design requires some

special arrangements for a special application. When sprinklers are not deemed appropriate, such as

the case in the handling of explosives, a system that may not use water or the technology that is found

in sprinkler system application, may be appropriate for use.

Water Supply Requirements Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the components that determine water supply requirements for fire

suppression systems and the adequacy of the existing water supply.


• Explain how much water is required for fire control in a structure.

• Explain the difference between public and private water supply systems.

• Explain the three ways a municipal water supply can be operated.

• List the factors that directly affect the reliability of a water supply system.

• List the advantages and disadvantages of the following:

o gravity tank

o cistern

o fire pump taking suction from an above-ground suction tank

• Describe how water can be reserved for fire protection purposes in a gravity tank.

• Explain the methods of backflow prevention used in private connections to municipal water supply

systems.

• List the reasons that a secondary or redundant water supply may be required.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Water supplies for automatic fire protection systems are many and varied. They can be:



49

o a connection to a municipal system

o some form of private captive storage, either pressurized or static

o a combination of a municipal connection and private supplies

• Regardless of the arrangement, the water supply requirements of the system under consideration must

be met in terms of flow and flowing pressure.

• Municipal systems can be arranged to use a static source, such as a river or large supply reservoir

located either in the municipality or even some distance away.

• Municipal systems may also use multiple pumps, depending on the desired capacity of the system, or

may use elevated tanks that will be part of the system.

• Private supplies mirror municipal systems, but on a much smaller, and sometimes, individual basis.

Piping Configurations Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains different configurations of piping systems that can be used in

sprinkler system designs. The exact size and layout of the piping depends on the site- specific needs and

objectives of the system.


• Identify the document that contains the requirements for piping requirements and allowances relative

to sprinkler protection

• Explain some of the historical development of sprinkler standards

• Define key design concepts, including pipe schedule, hydraulic design and hydraulically calculated

• Explain how pipe schedule systems and hydraulically designed systems work and the advantages and

disadvantages of each

• Explain the water supply requirements for pipe schedule systems

• List the limitations of installing pipe schedule systems per the standard

• Define and explain tree, gridded and looped piping systems

• List and explain the methods used to join sprinkler piping in a system

• Explain where to find the requirements for the type of piping that can be used in sprinkler systems

• Explain how grooved piping and couplings work

• Define key installation concepts, including brazing, soldering and welding

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary



50

• Sprinkler system piping is the obvious key to getting water on a fire in a building. Systems using pipe

were introduced in the middle of the 1800s and have had only a couple of extreme modifications since

then.

• Original sprinkler piping uniformity and standard installation practices were first developed in 1896.

Frederick Grinnell held an organizational meeting with a number of insurance underwriters and some

engineers to develop consensus on sprinkler system installation. From this meeting, NFPA was born,

and the sprinkler standard was first published soon thereafter.

• Early systems were pipe schedule, which means that a specific number of sprinklers were placed on

pipes of certain diameters, and the system "grew" like a tree. Schedules for piping were based on the

occupancy hazard. The higher the hazard, the fewer sprinklers places on specific diameter pipe. The

lower the hazard, the smaller the piping. Also, sprinklers were spaced more closely to achieve more

water flow in a given area, as the hazard of the space increased.

• Early pipe schedule systems used end lines that were only 3/4-inch in diameter. Pipes with this

diameter were not allowed in system installation beginning in 1940.

• Beginning in the 1970s, the increasing use of computer systems significantly changed the piping

patterns used in sprinkler system design and allowed more concise calculation of existing systems.

Piping was designed and sized to more efficiently deliver water to the sprinkler- protected areas, based

on scientific data concerning flow and friction loss. Systems developed using modern design software

use more consistent pipe sizing, and can be developed as loops and grids, which make water delivery

more consistent and effective.

Sprinkler Spacing and Positioning Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the spacing and positioning requirements for sprinkler systems. As

technology has advanced, new designs have appeared for specific applications, along with specific rules

regarding the location and spacing of the sprinklers.


• List issues and rules that have a bearing on the placement of sprinklers

• Explain the limitations regarding the allowable floor area sprinkler system coverage

• Explain key concepts, including manifolding, thermal sensitivity, deflector positioning and "skipping"

• Explain the concept and allowances that dictate when multiple buildings can be protected by a single

sprinkler system

• List the ceiling temperature limitations for ordinary, intermediate and high temperature rated

sprinklers

• List the distances and zones for the placement of sprinklers around and near heat-producing

appliances and equipment

• Explain how obstructions relate to sprinkler installations



51

• List and explain the disadvantages of water as a suppression agent

• Explain for each type of sprinkler how to determine the spacing allowances from ceilings and walls and

between sprinklers

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• If occupancy changes take place, the sprinklers in the space may have to be changed accordingly.

• If the ceiling temperature is higher than 100 degrees F in any part of a building, the areas of the building

that have the elevated ceiling temperatures are required to be outfitted with sprinklers that have

intermediate or higher temperature ratings.

• Extended coverage sprinklers have some very strict spacing rules. The spacing is assigned on the basis

of a square coverage area. Also, there is no listing or allowance for extended coverage sprinklers in

combustible obstructed construction. Lastly, the spacing allowances are reduced for Extra Hazard and

storage arrangements.

• ESFR sprinklers are not designed to control a fire. They are designed to completely suppress the fire.

Hanging and Bracing Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers requirements for the hanging and bracing of fire sprinkler piping,

including materials used, types of hangers, and calculation methods for trapeze hangers. Hanging and bracing

of sprinkler piping is one of the most important aspects of the design and installation of automatic fire sprinkler

systems. It is also one of the least "respected" components, and the inspection and maintenance of the braces is

often overlooked.


• Explain how earthquakes have affected the development of hanging and bracing requirements

• Explain the use of performance-based design approaches for hanging and bracing

• Define and explain key concepts, including section modulus, trapeze hangers, and branch line

restraints

• Explain requirements for trapeze hangers

• Explain allowable fastener types and fastener requirements for various construction types

• List the components of a sprinkler system hanging system that do not have to be listed for fire

protection service

• List the amount of weight a normal sprinkler system hanger must carry

• Define and explain the use of post-installed anchors, powder-driven studs and coach rods



52

• Explain how to determine the size of lag bolts and screws for system hangers

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Hanging and bracing is a very important aspect of the overall fire sprinkler system design. It is also one

of the least "respected" components, and the inspection and maintenance of the braces is often

overlooked.

• Ascertaining the structural abilities of the building is often required, so you can verify that the structure

will not collapse under the weight of the water-filled sprinkler system.

• Occasionally, piping cannot be suspended along or from a single structural support and must be

suspended from the building structure using a trapeze hanger. NFPA 13 provides direction for building

the appropriate assemblies. The use of trapeze hangers is quite prominent.

• The support of non-fire protection system components from fire sprinkler system hangers is not

allowed.

• Hangers for sprinkler piping must be located in accordance with minimum requirements of NFPA 13

based on the diameter of the pipe size being suspended. There are specific tables for types of pipes and

pipe diameters which state these maximum spacings. The suspension of unsupported lengths of pipe

(ends of piping) are also addressed, specifically for end of lines and the ends of arm overs.

Seismic Protection Return to Table of Contents


The self-paced online training course covers basic concepts and requirements for the seismic bracing of

sprinkler systems. Protection of piping in areas subject to seismic activity presents requirements that must be

met to ensure that fire protection piping is not damaged.


• Understand how earthquakes have affected the development of bracing requirements

• Explain key concepts, such as zone of influence, slenderness ratio and frangible construction

• Explain various requirements, including spacing for lateral and longitudinal braces, branch line

restraint and pipe clearances through fire barriers, ceilings platforms and floors

• Explain the difference between sway braces and riser braces

• List the components for a properly designed sway brace

Who Will Benefit



53



architects.

Course Summary

• Seismic activity (earthquakes) presents a significant challenge to the support of fire systems (all

building systems, as a matter of fact). Lateral bracing is included to help prevent the movement of

piping perpendicular to its installation direction; longitudinal bracing helps brace the pipe from

movement parallel to its installation direction, and riser bracing helps to brace pipe from moving in all

horizontal directions.

• Spacing of bracing is based on the loads and pipe size being braced. The listed loads for the braces,

including fittings and attachments, must be adequate to support the forces exerted on the sprinkler

piping. The loads are determined using the 'zone of influence' method which is a tally of all of the

weights of pipe, fittings, and devices acting on a particular brace, laterally for lateral braces, and

longitudinally for longitudinal braces.

• Branch lines are restrained in seismic areas to protect piping and attachments from mechanical

damage.

• Calculations to prove the design of the braces is adequate are required. The size of the braces is derived

from the application of calculations from ASCE pamphlet 7.

• Flexibility is a key requirement in seismic protection design. This can be accomplished by using flexible

couplings or clearance around sprinkler piping allowing it to move.

Fire Pump and Driver Training

Fire Pumps Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series covers the fundamentals of fire pumps, including requirements for fire

pump acceptance, inspection, testing, and maintenance. Successfully complete this series and earn .3 CEU.


• Introduction to Fire Pumps

• Periodic Fire Pump Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance

• Fire Pump Acceptance


• Explain the categories of fire pumps, the differences in water supplies, and pump capacities and

components; and, define the key components of fire pumps and the types fire pump of controllers.



54

• List the periodic inspection, testing and maintenance requirements and explain how the responsibility

and qualifications for each of these is established, including the requirements for record keeping and

report generation found in NFPA 25.

• Define the requirements for fire pump acceptance testing and list the equipment needed in this

process, the test points that should be measured, and the requirements for commissioning the system.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Introduction to Fire Pumps Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the fundamentals of effective fire pump system design and

installation. A properly designed and maintained fire pump is an important part of a water supply for a facility.

Building owners rely on fire pumps to protect buildings, business continuance, and a company's good standing

in society.


• Explain the difference in water supplies

• List and explain the two broad categories of pumps: centrifugal and positive displacement

• Define key terms, including horizontal split case, in-line pump, and vertical turbine

• Explain pump capacities and components

• List and explain types of fire pump controllers, including engine driven and electric

• Explain inspection, testing and maintenance requirements

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• This course outlines, very generally, some of the major points in a fire pump installation. It points out

major components of the pump installation - the pump itself, the driver, and the controller.

• Pumps can be manual or automatic, but most are installed to operate automatically. The design and

installation requirements are contained in NFPA 20, and the requirements for the ongoing care for the

pump assembly are contained in NFPA 25.

• Typically, drivers for a pump are either electric motors or diesel engines. Steam turbine drives may be

used, but gasoline and liquefied petroleum drivers are not allowed. Pumps can be centrifugal or



55

positive displacement, but the positive displacement pump is used in specific applications, such as

special suppression systems, where higher pressure is desired.

• Most pumps in use today are centrifugal. The most common is the horizontal split case. All fire pumps

must have a positive head pressure, derived from the water supply; pumps that take suction under lift

conditions are no longer allowed by NFPA 20.

Periodic Fire Pump Inspection, Testing and Maintenance Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the requirements for periodic inspection, testing and maintenance

of a fire pump system, which are listed in NFPA 25, the Standard for the Inspection, Testing and Maintenance of

Water-Based Fire Protection Systems.


• Define and differentiate between, inspection, testing and maintenance as it relates to a fire pump

installation

• Explain the periodic requirements for inspecting and testing a fire pump installation

• Explain how the responsibility for inspection, testing and maintaining a fire pump installation is

established

• List how often and for how long a fire pump must be operated

• Explain who is "qualified" to inspect, test and maintain a fire pump installation

• Explain the requirements found in NFPA 25 for record keeping and report generation for fire pump

installations, testing, inspection, and maintenance

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Fire pumps are just like any other piece of mechanical equipment. They need to be inspected

frequently to be sure that there are no obvious faults. They need to be tested to insure that their

original conditions haven't slipped. They also need to be maintained so that they will be ready to

operate properly when called upon.

• Requirements for inspecting, maintaining and testing the fire pump are contained in NFPA 25. The

application of this document, along with manufacturer's information, is designed to keep a fire pump in

the ready state at all times. NFPA 25 contains frequencies and procedures, and is a minimum

requirement of all building and fire codes applied in the U.S.

• One point must be remembered, however. There is nothing in NFPA 25 that fixes a problem fire

pump. If the pump isn't correct, all of the testing, maintenance and inspection procedures in the code



56

will not correct the situation. The owner has the responsibility of installing the pump correctly, and

then maintaining the pump in proper operating condition. Often, this is contracted to a firm or

contractor that is qualified to do the work required.

Fire Pump Acceptance Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the key actions of accepting and commissioning a fire pump

system. Fire pump acceptance is more than merely flowing water through the pump to indicate it meets

delivery.


• Name the NFPA standard that contains the requirements for fire pump acceptance

• Explain the requirements for hydrostatic testing and flushing of piping prior to acceptance

• List the people who should be present at a fire pump acceptance test

• Define and explain the importance of certified curve and load start

• Explain the importance of a pre-acceptance test inspection

• List the test equipment that should be provided to acceptance test a fire pump

• List and explain the three test points that should be measured during a pump acceptance test

• List and explain the points that require testing on an electrically driven and diesel-engine driven fire

pump controllers

• List and explain the requirements for "commissioning" a fire pump installation

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Fire pump installations are subject to the requirements of NFPA 20, and the verification that the pump

installation is proper lies in proper acceptance and commissioning of the pump and its components.

• Fire pump acceptance is more than merely flowing water through the pump to indicate it meets

delivery. Electrically driven pumps have to be wired correctly. Diesel pumps require fuel, coolant and

speed management systems. These, along with all of the other signal and control components have to

be tested.

• Even before testing anything, a thorough inspection of the installation is critical. Fire pump

installations are a combination of powerful equipment, installed in pieces. A "weak link" in the

installation can be the root cause for significant and expensive-to-fix damage. Beyond that, if

something breaks, someone could be hurt badly, so check everything.



57

• Finally, the project isn't finished until all of the paperwork is provided, reviewed for accuracy and filed

with the owner. This includes all test information, and all documentation and instructions for the

pieces that make up the installation.

National Electrical Code Training

NEC Basic Concepts Return to Table of Contents

This self-paced online training series covers the basics of eletrical systems. The series focuses on understanding

wiring requirements for conductors, overcurrent devices, and curcuits outlined in NFPA 70: National Electrical

Code. Complete all nine modules and qualify for .9 CEU.


• Introduction to the NEC

• General Requirements in the NEC

• Circuit and Conductor Types

• Load Calculations

• Wiring Methods and Devices

• Required Outlets

• Conductor Selection and Application

• Overcurrent Protection for Conductors and Equipment

• Grounding and Bonding


• Understand the organization and structure of the Code, and the general requirements of an electrical

system.

• Explain how the load of a system is calculated and how conductors are selected.

• List and explain the devices used for means of overcurrent protection and where they must be placed in

a system.

Who Will Benefit

Anyone whose job involves designing, reviewing, evaluating or installing electrical systems, including: designers,

installers, engineers, electrical contractors, technicians, project managers, fire marshals, and architects.

Introduction to the NEC Return to Table of Contents



58


This self-paced online training course provides a basic introduction to the National Electrical Code, including its

purpose, scope, arrangement of chapters, language conventions, measurements and definitions.


• Explain the purpose of the NEC.

• Describe the scope of the NEC.

• Outline the arrangement of the NEC, including:

o General Requirements. (Chapters 1-4)

o Specific Requirements. (Chapters 5-7)

o Communications Installations. (Chapter 8)

o Tables. (Chapter 9)

• Describe Enforcement of the NEC.

• Explain Language Conventions.

• Explain the Role of Listed Equipment.

• Outline Units of Measurement.

• Describe the Importance and Sources of Definitions.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• The purpose of the National Electrical Code is to safeguard people and property from hazards arising

from the use of electricity. Its requirements address safety, but not necessarily whether an electrical

installation meets the need it was designed to address.

• The NEC is intended to cover places where the general public or people who are not trained in electrical

installations would be working.

• It is generally intended to cover buildings but not vehicles, like railroad cars, ships, and mobile homes

or specialized installations, like mines or electric utility installations that are not publicly accessible

• The NEC is intended to cover places where the general public or people who are not trained in electrical

installations would be working. It is generally intended to cover buildings but not vehicles or

specialized installations.

• The NEC is organized into seven chapters of general and specific requirements that cover a variety of

occupancies and equipment types, an eighth chapter primarily about communications installations,

which have separate requirements, and a ninth chapter devoted to tables.



59

• In addition to requirements, the NEC includes definitions of key terms.Terms that are used in more than

one article are defined in Article 100, while terms used in only one article are defined in that article. In

some cases, terms may have more than one meaning.

• NEC requirements are worded in very specific ways to indicate whether they are mandatory or require a

judgment by the person enforcing the Code.

• NEC requirements are enforced by the "authority having jurisdiction" (AHJ), which is the representative

of any entity that adopts the Code. This entity is commonly the state or local government. However, it is

important to keep in mind others may also have jurisdiction.

Grounding and Bonding Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains National Electrical Code requirements for grounding and bonding.

These two processes - which are related and overlapping but not the same - are important parts of fulfilling

the NEC's overall purpose of protecting of persons and property from hazards arising from the use electricity.


• Distinguish between grounding and bonding.

• Explain the significance of performance requirements and prescriptive rules.

• Identify the importance of an effective ground-fault current path.

• Define and explain the key elements of a grounding and bonding system.

• Identify how these elements are combined to create an effective system design.

• Identify some of the details of system grounding, bonding and equipment grounding.

• Identify why and how materials in addition to electrical equiment must be bonded.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Once the key elements of the system are understood, the next step is to understand how the

prescriptive requirements apply to each element and help to meet the performance requirements of

the system.

• The sizing of conductors and equipment often differs depending on whether they are on the supply side

or the load side of the system and what type of system is involved, that is, whether it is within a primary

structure or a secondary building, whether it is a service, whether it is a separately derived system and

so on.

• In addition to electrical equipment, other elements of a building must be bonded, including water

piping, other metal piping, structural metal, other systems and inter-system bonding conductors.



60

Overcurrent Protection for Conductors and Equipment Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains overcurrent protection requirements of the National Electrical

Code. The purpose of overcurrent protection for conductors and equipment is to open the circuit if the current

reaches a value that will cause an excessive or dangerous temperature in conductors or conductor insulation.


• Identify the purpose of overcurrent protection.

• Explain the difference between overcurrent and overload.

• Explain the difference between a short circuit and a ground fault.

• Understand how the minimum ratings are determined for various items.

• Explain aspects of the protection of conductors.

• Explain the factors involved in the location of overcurrent protection.

• Explain tap rules.

• Identify how other equipment is protected, including panelboards, motor control centers, transformers

and welders.

• Identify special protection requirements for motors and refrigeration equipment.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Overcurrent – which is current in excess of the rated current for equipment or the ampacity of a

conductor – may be caused by overload, short circuit or ground fault.

• Overcurrent protection for conductors and equipment opens the circuit if the current reaches a level

that will cause high or dangerous temperatures in conductors or their insulation.

• Minimum ratings of equipment and conductors facilitate overcurrent protection.

• NEC requirements address different ways of protecting various conductors – such as conductors in

power and lighting circuits, small conductors, and flexible cords and cables – and other equipment –

such as panelboards, motor control centers, transformers, welders, motors and refrigeration

equipment.

• The location of overcurrent protection is determined by its placement on the premises, which

conductors require protection and where it will be placed on the circuit.

Conductor Selection and Application Return to Table of Contents



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This self-paced online training course explains how conductors are sized and selected in the National Electrical

Code. In sizing and selecting a conductor multiple factors must be considered.


• Identify the three most significant factors in sizing a conductor.

• Define and explain ampacity.

• Identify the four primary determinants of operating temperature:

o heat produced by current flow.

o ambient temperature.

o ambient medium.

o adjacent current carrying conductors.

• Explain the methods for determining ampacity.

• Explain how the NEC deals with multiple ampacities.

• Identify the difference between allowable ampacity and true ampacity.

• Identify how the issue of ampacity is dealt with in terms of various issues, including:

o overcurrent devices.

o branch circuits.

o continuous and non-continuous loads.

• Explain how to work with NEC requirements when they result in different required minimum conductor

sizes.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Ampacity, defined as "the maximum current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under

the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating," is extremely important.

• Four “primary determinants of operating temperature” are relevant in many different decisions about

conductor size:

o Heat produced by current flow in the conductor

o Ambient temperature

o Ambient medium

o Adjacent current carrying conductors

• Two primary methods are used to determine ampacity: the table method, which results in "allowable

ampacity," and an equation that must be used under engineering supervision, which gives "true

ampacity."



62

• Different methods sometimes yield different values for ampacity of a conductor. When this happens,

the lowest value must be used.

• Other factors that must be considered in determining conductor size include the effect on current on

overcurrent devices, requirements for branch circuits, whether the load is continuous or non-

continuous and specific equipment requirements.

Required Outlets Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers requirements for required outlets in the National Electrical Code.

The course covers several types of outlets that are included in the NEC.


• Explain the distinction between:

o lighting outlets.

o receptacle outlets.

o power outlets.

o outlets for specific appliances.

• Identify the general requirements for outlets in all occupancies.

• Explain how requirements for receptacle outlets in dwelling units are different for various needs.

• Identify requirements for lighting outlets in various areas of dwelling units and other areas.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• The NEC recognizes three different types of outlets: receptacle, lighting and power. Outlets for specific

appliances are not separately defined by the NEC.

• Some general requirements apply to all occupancies, covering receptacle outlets where appliances are

used or where cord connections are intended to be made, and outlets for heating, air conditioning and

refrigeration equipment.

• A large number of general requirements cover the spacing of receptacles throughout a dwelling unit,

including requirements based on unbroken wall widths and countertops, as well as provisions for floor

receptacles; small appliances; bathrooms; outdoor outlets for single- and multi-family dwellings;

laundry areas; basements, garages, accessory buildings; hallways and foyers; guest rooms, guest suites

and dormitories; and for servicing heating, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment.

• There are also a number of requirements for lighting outlets, both in dwelling units and areas other

than dwelling units.



63

• Occupancies other than dwelling units have fewer outlet requirements, but there are some, such as

those covering healthcare occupancies and signs. Many other applications such as offices and meeting

rooms require designers to determine where receptacles will be needed and where and how much

lighting will be needed.

Wiring Methods and Devices Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers requirements for wiring methods and devices in the National

Electrical Code. The course covers the physical items that carry electrical current from one place to another and

that serve as the actual interface with the user.


• Explain the distinction between wiring devices and wiring methods.

• Identify the general requirements for wiring methods in the NEC, including:

o separation of conductors.

o protection from physical damage.

o protection of underground wiring.

o protection from corrosion.

• Explain requirements for securing and supporting wiring methods.

• Explain requirements for locating boxes.

• Describe requirements for raceways.

• Identify requirements for selecting wiring methods.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Wiring methods and devices are the physical items that carry electrical current from one place to

another and that serve as the actual interface with the user.

• NEC Article 300 covers general requirements for wiring, and other articles provide specific

requirements.

• There are a number of general requirements detailing when conductors of certain types and power

levels are kept together and when they are separated.

• Wiring must be protected from physical damage and corrosion. Wiring methods also must be secured

and supported in ways that do not damage them or compromise their function.



64

• General requirements also address where boxes are located and how conductors are handled inside

them, as well as how conductors are handled inside raceways.

• The selection of wiring methods is addressed in several sections and articles and may depend on the

uses permitted and not permitted for a given wiring method as well as any specific restrictions related

to the occupancy.

Load Calculations Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers load calculation requirements in the National Electrical Code. Load

calculations are the basis for the sizing of all types of circuits in the NEC, particularly circuits that supply some

kind of power or lighting equipment.


• Explain the significances of Article 220 and other relevant articles.

• Explain how the Code is arranged, including where load calculations are found for branch circuits,

services and feeders.

• Explain voltage requirements for load calculations.

• Explain where various branch circuit load calculation requirements can be found.

• Explain the role of demand factors.

• Distinguish between how demand factors are used for various types of equipment.

• Explain optional feeder and service load calculations for specific occupancies.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Load calculations are the basis for determining the size of all types of circuits in the National Electrical

Code, particularly those that supply power or lighting equipment.

• Article 220 is the basis for all load calculations, although related requirements or modifications are

found in many other sections.

• The NEC outlines voltage requirements for load calculations and gives specific requirements for

calculating load for various types of circuits.

• Demand factors are applied in some circumstances, when loads will be variable because equipment is

not all used at the same time. The NEC describes when and how demand factors are to be applied for

branch circuits, feeders, services, general lighting, motors and receptacles not in dwelling units.

• In some cases, loads for specific occupancies are calculated using different methods.



65

Circuit and Conductor Types Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers National Electrical Code requirements for circuits and conductors.

Understanding the different types of circuits defined by the NEC is important because finding the requirements

for any given circuit depend on knowing which type of circuit is involved.


• Explain the three primary types of circuits found in a power distribution system.

• Explain the requirements for different types of service conductors.

• Describe requirements for feeders.

• Describe requirements for branch circuits.

• Outline requirements for special purpose circuits and conductors, including:

o flexible cords.

o fixture wires.

o remote control and signaling circuits.

o class 1, 2 and 3 circuits.

o fire alarm circuits.

o communication circuits.

o optical fiber circuits.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• The three primary types of circuits found in a power distribution system are services,

feeders and branch circuits.

• Service conductors connect a utility to the wiring system of the premises being served. The service

point is where the utility's wiring ends and premises wiring begins. There are many different types of

conductors – with different names and functions – before and after this point. The type of service

conductors will affect the methods of installation and the equipment that can be connected.

• Feeders are conductors between the power supply source and the final branch-circuit overcurrent

device protecting the circuit.

• Branch circuits are the conductors between the final overcurrent device and the outlet where the circuit

is connected to utilization equipment.

• The NEC also includes requirements for many other special purpose circuits.



66

General Requirements in the NEC Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the general requirements in Article 110 of the National Electrical

Code. Article 110 is one of the broadest articles in the NEC, covering general specifications that will apply in

addition to the more specific requirements found in later articles.


• Explain what is included in the NEC's general requirements.

• Identify the use of listed equipment.

• Explain how interrupting ratings and short-circuit current ratings address fault current.

• Explain the concept of "mechanical execution of work".

• Identify the importance of field equipment markings, including:

o Explaining the requirements for indoor and outdoor enclosures.

o Identify requirements for spaces for energized and non-energized equipment.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• General requirements of the National Electrical Code (NEC) are included in Article 110, which covers

approval, installation and use, access and required space for equipment.

• All equipment installed under the NEC must be approved by the authority having jurisdiction (AHJ).

Typically, the AHJ will prefer that listed equipment be used when possible, because listing means the

equipment has been evaluated by an independent agency.

• The NEC addresses the need to interrupt unintended fault current by providing interrupting ratings and

short-circuit current ratings for equipment.

• The NEC also addresses safety through the general requirement that installations must be made in a

"neat and workmanlike manner," as well as by specific mandates, like requiring unused openings to be

closed up and requiring equipment to be protected from damage from paint or other construction

activities.

• Equipment must be marked to avoid various hazards, including warnings of flash hazard, marking of

available fault current, identification of disconnecting means and accurate labeling of switchboards

and panelboards.

• NEC requirements also cover indoor and outdoor equipment enclosures and space requirements for the

areas in which equipment is housed.



67

NEC Special Topics - Specific Equipment Part I Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course is the first of three covering specific equipment addressed in Chapter 4 of

the NEC. Chapter 4, titled "Equipment for General Use," covers a very broad range of equipment.


• Explain some of the most commonly applied articles of NEC Chapter 4, including:

o flexible cords and cables

o fixture wires

o switches

o switchboards and panelboards

• Describe the most common uses of flexible cords and cables, including permitted and non-permitted

uses and modifications to prohibited uses

• Outline permitted and non-permitted uses of fixture wires

• Explain key aspects of requirements for switches, including:

o grounded conductors

o indication of position

o accessibility

o grouping

o grounding

• Explain requirements for receptacles, cord connectors and attachment plugs, including grounding,

replacements, receptacle mounting, damp and wet locations and tamper resistance

• Explain basic requirements for switchboards and panelboards, including:

o how the NEC defines panelboard

o how circuits and supply sources must be identified

o unused openings

o overcurrent protection

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• This course module covered some of the most commonly applied articles of NEC Chapter 4, including

Articles 400 (flexible cords and cables), 402 (fixture wires), 404 (switches), 406 (receptacles, cord

connectors and attachment plugs) and 408 (switchboards and panelboards).



68

• Although the NEC does not define "flexible cord and cable," it lists many different types. For a use to be

allowed, it must be both permitted and not prohibited.

• Fixture wires are permitted for connecting luminaires to a branch circuit conductor, but they are not

permitted to be used as branch circuit conductors.

• Switches are required to have grounded conductors supplied, to show clearly whether they are on or

off, and to be accessible.

• Requirements for receptacles, cord connectors and attachment plugs address grounding, replacing old

and ungrounded switches, receptacle mounting, protection in damp and wet locations and tamper

resistance.

• Although people commonly think of a panelboard as the entire grouping of devices, cabinet and cover,

the NEC defines a panelboard as the assembly of buses, overcurrent devices, switches and so on that

are installed in a cabinet. For panelboards, the NEC also requires that circuits and supply sources must

be identified, unused openings must be closed and overcurrent protection must be provided.

NEC Special Topics - Specific Equipment Part II Overview/Description

This self-paced online training course is the second of three covering specific equipment addressed in Chapter 4

of the NEC. Chapter 4, titled "Equipment for General Use," covers a very broad range of equipment.


• Identify some of the most commonly applied articles of NEC Chapter 4.

• Identify key terms, requirements and places in the Code that address specific types of luminaires.

• Explainhow appliance requirements apply to central heating equipment, water heaters, flexible cords

and disconnecting means.

• Identify which types of equipment are covered by NEC requirements.

• Regarding fixed outdoor deicing and snow-melting equipment:

o Why this equipment will be treated as a continuous load.

o Why ground-fault protection for equipment (GFPE) is needed.

o The similarities and differences with fixed electric heating equipment for pipelines and vessels.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Lighting equipment covered in Article 410 includes lamps (often called light bulbs), as well as

lampholders and luminaires, which must be listed.

o There are specific requirements for luminaires in certain locations, as well as requirements for

luminaire support.



69

o Specific types of luminaires are addressed in Parts VIII through XV of the Code.

• Appliance requirements (Article 422) cover listing, branch circuit ratings, flexible cords and

disconnecting means, as well as addressing how appliance requirements apply to central heating

equipment, water heaters.

• Requirements for fixed electric space heating equipment (Article 424) cover a wide variety of

equipment, but not process heating and room air conditioning. Branch circuit and overcurrent

requirements are covered in this module.

• Article 426 includes very specific requirements for fixed outdoor deicing and snow melting equipment,

including some that are unique to this type of equipment. Circuits for these types of equipment are

treated as a continuous load and require ground-fault protection for equipment (GFPE).

• Fixed electric heating equipment for pipelines and vessels (Article 427) has similar requirements, but

there are are some differences. For example, because this equipment is often installed on the outside of

a pipe or vessel but underneath insulation, there are labeling instructions to help avoid accidental

damage.

NEC Special Topics - Specific Equipment Part III Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course is the third of three covering specific equipment addressed in Chapter 4 of

the NEC. Chapter 4, titled "Equipment for General Use," covers a very broad range of equipment.


• Identify some of the most commonly applied articles of NEC Chapter 4.

• For motors, motor circuits and controllers:

o Explain how motor requirements are different from general requirements.

o

o Identify requirements for motor location, disconnecting means and sizing of conductors and

equipment.

• For air conditioning and refrigeration equipment:

o Explain how Articles 430 and 440 are similar and how they are different.

o Explain what replaces horsepower ratings in Article 440.

o Identify nameplate requirements, overload protection and disconnecting means.

• For transformers and transformer vaults:

o Identify requirements for overcurrent protection, ventilation, accessibility and disconnecting

means.

o Explain the difference between requirements for transformers rated at different power

levels<./li>

Who Will Benefit



70



architects.

Course Summary

• Requirements for motors, motor circuits and controllers are covered in Article 430. Many requirements

for motors are very different from the NEC's general rules.

• Table values are used for sizing everything but the overload protection, which is sized according to the

nameplate value. However, if the nameplate value is higher than the table value, the nameplate value is

used for sizing all components of the circuit.

• Article 440 addresses motor driven air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment. Articles 440 and 430

are almost identical, except that Article 440 does not include horsepower ratings, which are the basis

for nearly everything in Article 430. Instead, the rating will be the larger of either the rated load current

or the branch circuit selection current.

• Article 450 covers transformers, primarily those that are used for power distribution or power

conditioning.

• Transformers require enough ventilation to dispose of the transformer's full load losses without

creating a temperature rise in excess of the transformer's rating.

• Transformers must be accessible but not always readily accessible and must have a disconnecting

means located either in sight of the transformer or in a remote location with the remote location noted

on the transformer.

• Requirements are slightly different for transformers up to 112.5 KVA and those over 112.5 KVA. There

are special containment requirements for transformers over 35,000 volts.

NEC Special Topics - Special Occupancies Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains NEC requirements for occupancies that require special

considerations. NEC Chapter 5 deals with occupancies that require special considerations. The chapter includes

requirements for hazardous (classified) areas, special or unusual hazards and unusual aspects of ordinary wiring

systems.


• Identify what makes these occupancies unusual or hazardous.

• Be familiar with the NEC classification system.

• Be familiar with NEC articles that provide area classifications for common applications.

• Identify special requirements for healthcare occupancies.

• Know what parts of NEC Chapter 5 deal with other occupancies.

Who Will Benefit



71



architects.

Course Summary

• NEC Chapter 5 addresses occupancies that require special considerations, including requirements for

hazardous (classified) areas, special or unusual hazards and unusual aspects of ordinary wiring

systems.

• In the NEC classification system, Classes I, II and III are assigned to areas based on the presence of

various types of hazardous material. Division and Zone designations for areas are based on the

likelihood that classified material is present in an ignitable form.

• The NEC classification system in Chapter 5 includes specific requirements for certain common

applications, including commercial garages, aircraft hangars, motor fuel dispensing facilities, bulk

storage plants and spray application, dipping and coating processes.

• Requirements for healthcare occupancies recognize that people in patient care areas may be

electrically compromised due to direct contact with metallic equipment or intravenous lines and

probes inserted under the skin. Patient care areas have special grounding requirements, and some

types of healthcare facilities require an "essential electrical system."

• Chapter 5 also provides special requirements for other occupancies, including areas of assembly,

theaters and similar locations, temporary and permanent amusement attractions, motion picture and

television studios, film projection rooms, manufactured buildings, agricultural buildings, mobile

homes, manufactured homes, recreational vehicles and park trailers, floating buildings, marinas and

boatyards and temporary installations.

NEC Special Topics - Special Equipment Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains requirements in NEC Chapter 6 for equipment that requires

special considerations. Chapter 6 covers a variety of equipment types, only some of which will be discussed in

any detail in this module.


• Identify the scope, key terms and major provisions of select articles in Chapter 6, including:

o Article 600: Electric Signs and Outline Lighting

o Article 625: Electric Vehicle Charging System

o Article 626: Electrified Truck Parking Spaces

o Article 630: Electric Welders

o Article 645: Information Technology Equipment

o Article 680: Swimming Pools, Fountains, and Similar Installations



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o Article 695: Fire Pumps

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Chapter 6 covers a variety of equipment types, only some of which will be discussed in this module.

• Article 600 covers "the installation of conductors, equipment, and field wiring for electrical signs and

outline lighting, regardless of voltage." Signs must be listed. Commercial buildings and commercial

occupancies with pedestrian access must have an outlet dedicated for sign use.

• Requirements for sign disconnecting means are slightly different than for other types of equipment.

Because they may be used in many different locations, portable or mobile signs are required to have

factory-installed GFCI protection. Numerous issues regarding neon tubing are addressed in this article.

• Article 625 covers electric vehicle charging systems.

• Article 626 addresses electrified truck parking spaces.

• Requirements for arc welders (Article 630) must take into account noncontinuous duty cycles and

inrush current when the welder is started – which affect conductor ampacity and overcurrent

protection – and grounding of the secondary circuit.

• Article 645, which addresses information technology equipment rooms, provides alternative wiring

methods and conditions that must be met in order to use those alternative methods.

• Article 680 covers swimming pools, fountains and similar installations. This article addresses shock

hazard by providing equipotential bonding and by locating metal equipment and electrical equipment

away from pool areas as much as possible.

• Fire pumps (Article 695) are also addressed by NFPA 20 and NEC Article 430. Fire pumps require

extremely reliable power sources, so this article addresses power continuity, wiring and voltage drop.

NEC Special Topics - NEC Low Voltage Circuits Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series examines low voltage circuits as well as outlines Chapter 7 and 8 in NFPA

70: National Electrical Code. Complete all three courses and earn .3 CEU.


• Remote Control & Signaling

• Special Conditions in the NEC Chapter 7

• Optical Fiber & Communications




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• Distinguish between Articles 700, 701 and 702 that address testing and maintenance, capacity

requirements, transfer equipment, signals, signs, circuit wiring, sources of power and selective

coordination.

o Article 700 (Emergency Systems) deals with power requirements that directly affect life safety

issues.

o Article 701 (Legally Required Standby Systems) addresses power requirements that could

affect safety, typically by affecting rescue or firefighting operations, and are deemed necessary

by the AHJ.

o Article 702 (Optional Standby Systems) covers systems that are not addressed by Articles 700

or 701.

• Explain similarities and differences between Articles 725 and 760.

o Identify Article 725 that covers the use, listing and marking of cables for remote control and

signaling systems.

o Article 760 addresses fire alarm circuits, which work similarly to remote control and signaling

circuits and perform similar functions. They can be either power-limited or non-power-limited.

• Explain similarities and differences between Article 770 and Chapter 8 and how these two articles

compare with Articles 725 and 760

Who Will Benefit

Anyone whose job involves designing, reviewing, evaluating or installing electrical systems, including: designers,

installers, engineers, electrical contractors, technicians, project managers, fire marshals, and architects.

NEC Special Topics - Special Conditions in The NEC Chapter 7 Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains articles in the NEC that address emergency, standby and critical

power systems. This module covers four articles that address related topics.


• Identify the basic similarities and differences between four related articles:

o Article 701, Emergency Systems.

o Article 702, Legally Required Standby Systems.

o Article 703, Optional Standby Systems.

o Article 708, Critical Operations Power Systems (COPS).

• Explain basic similarities and differences among emergency, legally required standby and optional

standby systems.



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• Explain how emergency, legally required standby and optional standby systems differ in addressing key

issues.

• Explain special considerations for critical operations power systems (COPS) and how those systems

compare to emergency, legally required standby and optional standby systems.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Articles 700, 701 and 702 address related topics and share the same numbering system within each

article.

• Articles 700 (Emergency Systems) deals with power requirements that directly affect life safety issues.

Article 701 (Legally Required Standby Systems) addresses power requirements that could affect safety,

typically by affecting rescue or firefighting operations, and are deemed necessary by the AHJ. Article

702 (Optional Standby Systems) covers systems that are not addressed by Articles 700 or 701.

• These three articles address testing and maintenance, capacity requirements, transfer equipment,

signals, signs, circuit wiring, sources of power and selective coordination.

• Article 708 (Critical Operations Power Systems, or COPS) covers systems that are designated as critical

by governmental authorities, by other codes or by facility engineering documentation.

• Articles 700, 701 and 708 are very similar in some respects, but Article 708 goes into more detail about

certain requirements intended to help assure the continuity of power and communications systems.

NEC Special Topics - Remote Control and Signaling Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains NEC Articles 725 (Remote Control and Signaling Systems) and 760

(Fire Alarm Systems). These articles are very similar in their arrangement and organization and have very similar

requirements. They are not identical, however, and the differences are important to understand.


• Explain similarities and differences between Articles 725 and 760.

• For Article 725 (Remote Control and Signaling Systems):

o explain the scope of the article.

o describe markings of listed cables and their significance.

o outline permitted cable substitutions.

o define Class 1, 2 and 3 circuits.

o explain permitted circuit reclassification.

o explain which parts of other articles apply to Article 725.



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o explain erstand wiring separation and combination requirements.

• For Article 760 (Fire Alarm Systems):

o explain the scope of the article.

o explain the difference between power-limited and non-power-limited fir alarm circuits.

o explain branch circuit requirements.

o explain which parts of other articles apply to Article 725.

o explain key similarities to and differences with Article 760.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• This module covers two related articles of the NEC:

o Article 725, Remote Control and Signaling Systems and

o Article 760, Fire Alarm Systems

• Both articles share the same listing and marking requirements for permitted cables for plenum, riser or

general use, as well as requirements regarding cable substitution, removal of abandoned cables and

the applicability of other NEC articles. Articles in Chapter 7 (including both Articles 725 and 760) are

permitted to modify requirements in Chapters 1-4 by including rules that provide different

requirements.

• Article 725 covers the use, listing and marking of cables for remote control and signaling systems.

• Circuits are designated as Class 1, 2 or 3 based on their power sources. Class 1 circuits are defined

primarily by their usage. A Class 2 circuit is intended to be neither a shock nor a fire hazard. A Class 3

circuit is similar to a Class 2 circuit, but levels of voltage and current are permitted to be higher than for

Class 2, so other safeguards may be needed for protection from electric shock.

• In some cases, circuits are permitted or required to be reclassified from their original designation.

• Article 725 specifies that only sections of Article 300 that are specifically referenced in Article 725 apply

to the Class 1, 2 and 3 circuits and then specifically incorporates several sections of Article 300.

• There are also requirements for separating circuits of different classes or allowing them in the same

raceway.

NEC Special Topics - Optical Fiber and Communications Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course explains NEC articles that address fiber optic cable systems and

communication systems. These articles are very similar in their arrangement and organization and have very

similar requirements. They are not identical, however, and the differences are important to understand.



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• Identify similarities and differences between Article 770 and Chapter 8 and how these two articles

compare with Articles 725 and 760.

• Identify areas that Article 770 and Chapter 8 have in common.

• Explain key features of Article 770.

• Identify key features of Chapter 8.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Article 770 (optical fibers, cables and raceways) is in some ways very similar to articles 725 and 760, but

the organization, numbering, and applications more closely match the articles in Chapter 8

(communications systems).

• Article 770 and Chapter 8 are similar in many respects. Permitted cables must be listed and marked for

their intended use, such as "P" for plenum use, "R" for riser use and no marking or "G" for general use.

Provisions for cable substitution and removal of abandoned cables are also similar.

• There are significant differences, however. While Article 770 excludes requirements of Chapter 2 and

Article 300 and then reinstates some of them selectively, Chapter 8 is not covered by any requirements

of Chapters 1-7, unless it includes language that specifically applies those requirements.

• Article 770 permits unlisted cables only in certain conditions. It also requires protection for metallic

elements of optical fiber cables coming into a building from outside, as well as specifying grounding

methods, wiring methods and raceway requirements. Optical fibers are permitted within the same

composite cable with higher-powered or non-power-limited circuits only if they are functionally

related.

• Most rules for communications circuits in Chapter 8 are similar to those in Article 770, except for Article

810, which addresses antennas.

• In addition, the requirements for primary protectors in Article 800 are very different, mandating a listed

primary protector for any communication circuit that runs outside, leaves the block and has any part

that is aerial.

Fire Stopping and Related Concepts Training

Firestopping Return to Table of Contents




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This self-paced online training series covers the essentials of firestopping, including the applicable codes and

criteria, firestopping materials, system selection, installation, and firestopping inspection. Complete all five

modules to qualify for .5 CEU.


• Module 1 - Introduction to Firestopping and Applicable Codes

• Module 2 - Firestopping Products and Materials

• Module 3 - Firestop System Selection

• Module 4 - Firestop Installation Methods and Instructions

• Module 5 - Firestopping Inspections and Safety Considerations


• Identify the purpose of fire barriers and firestopping, distinguish between active and passive fire

protection, and explain the fundamental code requirements related to firestopping.

• Describe standard tests that apply to firestopping products, the ratings applied to products and how

firestop systems are classified in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Explain how to install the components of a firestop system, including caulks and sealants, collars,

pillows, putty and other products.

• Perform inspections of firestopping installations during construction and upgrade projects, and

perform periodic inspections of the fire barriers and firestopping during the life of a building.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Firestop System Selection Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers firestop system selection using the UL Fire Resistance Directory.

With numerous firestopping products available, it is important to select the right products for the right

application.


• Develop a basic understanding of the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Learn how firestop systems are classified in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Learn how to select a firestop system in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Learn how to search for a firestop system in the online UL Fire Resistance Directory

Who Will Benefit



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architects.

Course Summary

• Develop a basic understanding of the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Learn how firestop systems are classified in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Learn how to select a firestop system in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Learn how to search for a firestop system in the online UL Fire Resistance Directory

Introduction to Firestopping and Applicable Codes Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the purpose and importance of fire barriers and firestopping, as

well as reviewing applicable firestopping codes and criteria. Firestopping is a process whereby materials are

used to resist (or stop) the spread of fire and its byproducts through openings made to accommodate

penetrations in fire-rated walls, floors, and floor/ceiling assemblies.


• Identify the purpose of fire barriers and firestopping

• Distinguish between active and passive fire protection

• Identify the key dates in history of firestopping over the last 50 years

• List which codes apply to firestopping.

• Explain the fundamental requirements from the codes

• Identify the FAA Order that requires firestopping

• Describe standard tests that apply to firestopping products and why they are relevant

• Define what F, T, and L ratings are and what their importance is

• Define what the UL Directory is

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Identify the purpose of fire barriers and firestopping

• Distinguish between active and passive fire protection

• Identify the key dates in history of firestopping over the last 50 years

• List which codes apply to firestopping.

• Explain the fundamental requirements from the codes



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• Standard tests that apply to firestopping products and why they are relevant

• Define what F, T, and L ratings are and what their importance is

• Define what the UL Directory is

Firestop Installation Methods and Instructions Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the basics of installing types of firestopping materials. Many

different types of material are available.


• Caulks and sealants

• Collars

• Putty

• Pillows

• Wrap strips

• Composite sheets

• Firestop mortar

• Multi-cable transits

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Describe what a UL Fire Resistance Directory is

• Describe how firestop systems are classified in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Explain how to select a firestop system in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Explain how to search for a firestop system in the online UL Fire Resistance Directory

Firestopping Inspections and Safety Considerations Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers firestopping inspection and testing procedures, with a focus on

MSDS and personal protective equipment. It is important to know what to look for when inspecting a building

for fire barriers and firestopping.




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• Perform inspections of firestopping installations during construction and upgrade projects

• Perform periodic inspections of the fire barriers and firestopping during the life of a building

• Refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) prior to starting work

• Store the MSDS for all job-site materials in a central location

• Use the proper personal protective equipment (PPE)

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

How to develop a basic understanding of how to install various types of firestopping, including:

• Caulks and Sealants

• Collars

• Putty

• Pillows

• Wrap Strips

• Composite Sheets

• Firestop Mortar

• Multi-Cable Transits

Firestopping Products and Materials Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers firestopping products and materials, as well as interpretation of

manufacturer installation diagrams. With the wide variety of firestopping materials available today on the

market, it is important to know which products are the best for specific applications as well as which materials

are not suitable for firestopping.


• Describe what a UL Fire Resistance Directory is

• Describe how firestop systems are classified in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Explain how to select a firestop system in the UL Fire Resistance Directory

• Explain how to search for a firestop system in the online UL Fire Resistance Directory

Who Will Benefit



architects.



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Course Summary

• How to perform inspections of firestopping installations during construction and upgrade projects

• How to perform periodic inspections of the fire barriers and firestopping during the life of a building

• Refer to the material safety data sheet (MSDS) prior to starting work

• Store the MSDS for all job-site materials in a central location

• Use the proper personal protective equipment (PPE)

Smoke Management and Related Concepts

Smoke Control Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series covers the basics of smoke control systems. The series includes four course

modules. Successfully complete this series and earn .4 CEU.


• Nature of Smoke

• Module 1: Pressurization Smoke Control Systems

• Module 2: Smoke Control Systems for Large Volume Spaces

• Module 3: Commissioning Smoke Control Systems


• Identify the basic principles of smoke movement within buildings, recognize common methods of

active and passive smoke control, and the code requirements for smoke control systems.

• Discuss design configurations for smoke control systems, the available design tools and the factors that

affect design configurations.

• Identify the difference between smoke control commissioning and periodic testing and recognize key

terms used in smoke control testing references and standards.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Nature of Smoke Return to Table of Contents




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This self-paced online training course covers the harmful nature of smoke to building occupants in the event of a

fire. It is not unusual for more injuries and deaths to be caused by smoke inhalation rather than from being

burned by the fire itself.


• Understand the physical nature and properties of smoke

• Describe how smoke affects visibility

• Understand the toxicity of smoke

• Understand the temperature effects of smoke

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Smoke is defined by the NFPA as, "The airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases evolved when a

material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion, together with quantity of air that is or otherwise mixed

into the mass."

• Studies on the causes of fire deaths have typically indicated that carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning

accounts for roughly one-half of total fatalities. Direct burns, explosive pressures, and various other

toxic gases account for the remaining half.

• Exposure to elevated temperature atmospheres can lead to hypothermia and possibly burns.

Pressurization Smoke Control Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the basic principles of smoke movement within buildings and

pressurization smoke control systems. People encounter smoke frequently in day-to-day activities, but few

people are aware of how deadly and undesirable smoke can be if released inside the built environment.


• Identify the basic principles of smoke movement within buildings

• Recognize common methods of active and passive smoke control

• Recognize code requirements for pressurization smoke control systems and components

• Be aware of design configurations for pressurization smoke control systems

• Be aware of factors such as stack effect, wind, sprinklers, etc and their effect on smoke behavior

• Identifying design tools available for pressurization smoke control systems

Who Will Benefit



83



architects

Course Summary

• Smoke, generated by the burning of materials, consists of products of combustion and entrained air.

The movement of smoke is primarily driven directly by pressure differentials or movement with

building airflows created by mechanical ventilation, wind pressures, etc.

• Smoke control systems may either be classified as active or passive. Passive systems incorporate the

use of smoke barriers while active systems manipulate the movement of smoke by creating pressure

differentials.

• Stairwell pressurization systems, elevator pressurization systems, and zoned smoke control are all

common examples of pressurization smoke control.

• It is important to understand the impact that stack effect, wind, elevator piston effect, and open doors

have on a pressurization smoke control system. Care should be taken to incorporate these factors into

system design as appropriate.

• Multiple design tools exist for pressurization smoke control systems that address different levels of

complexity in a design.

Smoke Control Systems for Large Volume Spaces Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the principles and practices of designing smoke control systems for

large interior spaces like atriums, covered malls, and indoor stadiums. In these types of spaces smoke can

accumulate and potentially endanger occupants even if the open space is remote from the fire origin. Smoke

control systems can alleviate this danger.


• Identify common examples of large volume spaces that require smoke control systems

• Identify the principles of fire plumes and smoke filling

• Recognize smoke control methods available for large volume spaces

• Be familiar with principles of automatic detection used to activate smoke control systems

• Identify factors that are important to consider in smoke control system design

• Be aware of available design tools

• Be comfortable in applying algebraic design equations to a simple smoke control system design

Who Will Benefit



architects



84

Course Summary

• Large volume spaces are commonly seen in atriums, covered mall buildings, and enclosed stadiums.

• Fire plumes generated from fires in large volume spaces may be either axisymmetric, balcony spill

plumes, window plumes, or wall plumes. Axisymmetric and balcony spill plumes are the most common

scenarios used in design.

• Smoke filling of large volumes occurs when a ceiling jet contacts walls or when the width of the plume

contacts walls of an open space. For design calculations, it is often conservatively assumed that filling

begins instantly

• Factors such as smoke stratification and plume lag can have a notable effect when ceiling detection

methods are used in tall spaces.

• Outdoor conditions such as temperature and wind have the potential to impact natural ventilation

systems. Mechanical smoke exhaust systems must be designed to prevent plugholing and to provide

adequate makeup air.

• Design fires must be defined in terms of growth, steady burning, and decay. Fire properties used for

design purposes must be carefully selected to ensure a design is adequately conservative.

• Smoke exhaust systems may be designed using algebraic design equations, scale modeling, or fire

models. The applicability and limitations of each method must be carefully considered.

Commissioning Smoke Control Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the basics of commissioning and periodic testing for smoke control

systems. Since smoke control systems must be installed and approved before a building is actually constructed,

commissioning and periodic testing have been required to increase the probability that smoke management

systems will function as designed in the event of a fire.


• Identify the difference between smoke control commissioning and periodic testing

• Recognize key terms used in smoke control testing references and standards

• Be aware of some common smoke control commissioning and testing requirements

• Be familiar with basic smoke control system components

• Identify the instruments used in testing

• Be familiar with smoke control commissioning, testing, and documentation procedures

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary



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• The commissioning of smoke control systems consists of multiple stages that can be performed during

different phases of construction. Periodic testing is performed at a specified interval after

commissioning is complete.

• A smoke control special inspection team can consist of multiple individuals that collective possess

expertise in mechanical engineering, fire protection engineering, and certification as an air balancer.

• Common stages of commissioning are installation and component verification, equipment functional

testing, sequence of operations testing, system performance testing, and demonstration testing.

• Multiple commercially available instruments and methods exist to measure volume flow, velocity, and

pressure differentials. Be sure to select an instrument and method with the appropriate accuracy and

measurement range suitable for the testing being conducted.

• Given the complexity of smoke management systems, using organized commissioning plans and tools

such as a testing and inspection matrix aid in the success of the overall commissioning process.

Warehouse Protection and Related Concepts

Warehouse Fire Safety Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series covers the fire safety precautions surrounding the storage of goods, the

major cause of warehouse fires, and how you can reduce these risks. The course discusses how your facility can

use proper storage techniques for roll paper, hanging garments, carpet, and cold storage. You will learn about

fire safety issues for refueling, industrial vehicles, and their maintenance. Complete all four modules and qualify

for .4 CEU.


• Warehouse Fire Safety - Fire Problems

• Overview of Hazardous Commodities

• Special Hazardous Commodities

• Warehouse Fire Safety - Industrial Trucks


• Describe the unique and common fire problems involved with the storage of goods, the major causes of

fires in warehouses, discuss the actions to reduce these fires and the paramount role of life safety.

• Explain the basics of flammable liquids, plastics and aerosols and discuss proper storage techniques,

safety precautions, and official NFPA guidelines for hazardous commodities.

• Discuss the special hazards associated with roll paper, hanging garments, carpet and cold storage.

• Understand how forklifts and other powered industrial trucks can be sources of warehouse fires.



86

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Warehouse Fire Safety - Fire Problems Return to Table of Contents


In this self-paced online training course on Warehouse Fire Safety, you will be exposed to the unique and

common fire problems involved with the storage of goods. The course will present the major causes of

fires in warehouses and discuss the actions you can take to reduce these fires.


• Describe the hazards associated with the storage of flammable or combustible liquids, aerosols or

gasses.

• Explain the hazards of packaging material.

• List storage techniques and the fire hazards associated with them.

• Understand the hazards associated with special warehouses.

• List the common causes of warehouse fires

• Explain solutions to mitigate warehouse fire causes.

Who Will Benefit



marshals, and architects

Course Summary

• The fundamental elements of the warehouse fire problem. We have showed you the kinds of storage

arrangements and explained how warehouses present a very serious fire potential.

• The causes of warehouse fires. And, we have discussed some of the protection measures you can take to

prevent and control warehouse fires.

Special Hazardous Commodities Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course discusses the special hazards associated with roll paper, hanging

garments, carpet and cold storage. The goal of this course is for you to be aware of the dangers associated with

these commodities and how to safely and effectively guard them against fires and fire damage.


• Identify why roll paper is a special warehouse hazard and how to reduce exposure to the danger.



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• Explain the issues affecting sprinkler protection and the storage of rolls.

• List why hanging garment pole rack systems require unique sprinkler protection designs, often

incorporating barriers or mezzanines.

• Explain the importance of quick response to control fires by an emergency response team.

• Identify why sprinklers are not designed to control fires involving non-woven fabrics.

• Describe warehouse personnel awareness of warehouse contents to know if a hazard is being

introduced to their facility, and personnel training on the warehouse's sprinkler system.

• Describe Cold Storage warehousing sprinkler issues.

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Roll paper is a warehouse hazard as rolls unravel when burning, continually adding fresh fuel to the fire.

Banded or treated kraft paper coverings may reduce this exposure.

• Sprinkler protection is based on how arrays are spaced. As little as two inches between rolls can affect

sprinkler criteria and performance.

• Paper rolls swell when wet and expanding rolls can push down walls and columns.

• Hanging garment pole rack systems require unique sprinkler protection designs, often incorporating

barriers or mezzanines.

• Hanging garments burn fiercely and are highly susceptible to heat, smoke and water damage.

• Quick response to control fires by an emergency response team is very important.

• Non-Woven Fabrics burn intensely, like flammable liquids.

• Most sprinkler systems are not designed to control non-woven fabrics.

• Warehouse personnel need to remain aware of their stock contents to know if this hazard is being

introduced to their facility.

• Cold Storage warehousing must remain concerned about water in their system.

• Standing water must be removed immediately or ice plugs will form in the sprinklers systems. The

sprinkler systems must be disassembled and thawed outside of the space if icing occurs.

• Warehouse crews need to know their sprinkler systems and how to shut-off and drain them quickly, if

needed.

Overview of Hazardous Commodities Return to Table of Contents




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This self-paced online training course covers flammable liquids, plastics and aerosols and discusses storage

techniques and safety precautions. The course also discusses proper storage techniques, safety precautions,

and official NFPA guidelines for hazardous commodities.


• List how spills of flammables threaten warehouses by creating pools and three-dimensional fires that

overwhelm sprinkler protection.

• Describe the ignition of flammable liquids.

• Understand NFPA 30's guidance on how to safely warehouse flammable and combustible liquids.

• Explain the dangers of high flash point combustible liquids like motor oil and cooking oil.

• Describe the fire hazards of various container types.

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

Flammable Liquids & Storage

• Flammables threaten warehouses because spills can create pools and three-dimensional fires that

overwhelm sprinkler protection.

• Flammable liquids can be easily ignited.

• NFPA 30 provides guidance on how to safely warehouse flammable and combustible liquids.

• High flash point combustible liquids like motor oil and cooking oil can still be a danger to warehouses

as they act and burn like flammable liquids if their temperatures are elevated by nearby fires.

• Flammable and combustible liquids can be found in liquid warehouses, general-purpose warehouses

and cut-off rooms.

• Rupturing of containers is a significant cause of out-of-control fires.

• Plastic containers can be a major hazard.

Aerosols & Plastics

• Aerosols can be a flammable hazard both from their contents and by their propellant.

• Aerosol cans rupture in a fire, rocketing across the warehouse, spreading fire from its spewing contents.

• Barrier protection is important in containing aerosols.

• Plastics burn fiercely and with high heat release.

• The configuration of the plastic, how it is packaged and its type all affect sprinkler design.

• Plastics can be found in the products stored, the packaging around the product and possibly in the

storage pallet.

• Introducing plastics to an existing warehouse or changing how plastics are stored in the warehouse

produces the need to have the sprinkler protection re-evaluated.



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Fire Safety for Industrial Trucks Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers forklifts and other powered industrial trucks that can be sources of

warehouse fires. The course describes trucks by fuel type and hazard classification, discusses refueling and

maintenance issues, and addresses the fire safety issues that surround the operation of these industrial trucks.


• Explain how different types of warehouses require different types of trucks

• List the six types of fuels used by trucks

• Describe the unique fire hazards associated with each truck

• Understand the leading causes of fire during refueling

• List the "Best Practices" to be followed when refueling

• Understand establishing and maintaining a safe refueling area

• List the potential to damage sprinkler systems during lift truck operation

• Understand care in driving, raising, and loading stock reduces potential for damage to sprinkler

systems, rack systems, heaters, lights, electrical panels, etc.

• Explain how training and Barrier Protection reduces potential for damage

• Understand the need to inform operators about the hazards of their cargo

• Explain how personal safety of employees is paramount

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

Truck Types

• Different types of warehouses require different types of trucks

• Common warehouses are categorized as 'unclassified' or ordinary

• Only the properly designated truck should be used in hazardous warehouses

• There are six fuel types: Electric, LPG, GNC, Diesel, Gasoline, and Dual Fuel

• Each fuel has unique fire hazards to guard against

Refueling and Maintenance

• Most forklift fires start during refueling operations

• Leading causes include Spills, Leaking Tanks, Hoses, and Fittings, and Poor Maintenance

• The "Best Practices" from pages 10, 11, and 12 should be followed when refueling

• LPG and CNG fuels are highly flammable gases that can explode



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• Electric charging stations are a common source of fire ignition

• All fueling/charging stations need be well arranged and located in safe areas

Driving and Operating

• Damage to sprinklers by lift trucks is a common and expensive incident

• Care in driving, raising, and loading stock reduces potential for damage to sprinkler systems, rack

systems, heaters, lights, electrical panels, etc.

• Good operator training and Barrier Protection reduces potential for damage

• Operators need to be informed about the hazards of their cargo and trained to respond to emergencies

• Personal safety of employees is paramount

Electrical Installation Concerns and Related

Training Concepts

Electrical Installations in Hazardous Locations Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training series covers the fundamentals of electrical installations in hazardous locations.

Students who complete the series will be able to recognize areas that are likely to be classified and to select and

apply wiring methods and electrical equipment in those areas. The series has been updated for the

2008 National Electrical Code. The EIHL Certificate Program serves professionals who need CEUs, want an

efficient refresher, or need fundamental levels of guidance regarding hazardous locations. Complete all eight

modules and earn .8 CEU.


• Classification Basics

• Identifying Materials & Equipment

• Protection Method Concepts

• Class I Applications

• Sealing in Class I Areas

• Zone Classification

• Class II Wiring Methods

• Class III Areas




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• Explain the difference between area classifications, the protection methods, wiring methods and

equipment used in each area, and the hazards associated with each classification.

• Explain the difference between explosionproof equipment and intrinsic energy methods and define key

terms, including explosionproof, nonincendive and intrinsically safe, and explain the methods of

creating dust-ignitionproof enclosures.

• Understand the hazards and concerns specific combustible fibers and flyings, the special hazards of

metal dust and explain why stringent housekeeping requirements are important in Class III areas.

• Explain why stringent housekeeping requirements are important in Class III areas

• Know the methods of identifying appropriate electrical equipment for a given classified area based on

the flammable or combustible materials that are present.

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Zone Classification Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers how to employ correct protection methods where Class I areas

have been classified by Zone. Zone classification offers an alternative to classifying areas by division using 3

zones rather than 2 divisions, and also offers some alternative protection methods.


• Identify which Zone and Division areas are equivalent to each other

• Identify when and why NEC standards allow Zone-classified and Division-classified areas to be adjacent

• List and explain wiring methods permitted in various Zone-classified areas and how they compare to

methods permitted in Division-classified areas

• Explain how and why protection methods permitted in Zone-classified areas are different compared to

Division-classified areas

• Distinguish between flameproof and explosionproof equipment and explain where each is suitable

• Explain how requirements for cable and conduit seals are different in Zone-classified areas

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary



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• Zone classification is an alternative method of classifying hazardous areas. Most significantly, the zone

classification method provides some protection methods that are different from those used in areas

classified by division.

• Zones 0 and 1 combined are approximately equivalent to Division 1 and Zone 2 is equivalent to Division

2.

• Because Zone 0 includes the highest-risk areas of Division 1, the remaining areas of Zone 1 may use

protection methods that may not be suitable for Division 1 areas.

• The wiring methods used in zone-classified areas are mostly the same as those used in division-

classified areas.

• Some of the alternative protection methods include flameproof, encapsulated, powder-filled, and

increased safety.

• The permitted methods may be suitable for Zone 0, 1 and 2, Zone 1 and 2, or only Zone 2.

• Sealing requirements in zones are also essentially the same as for division-classified areas with the

exception of specific requirements for flameproof and encapsulated equipment.

Class I Applications Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers how to select wiring methods and equipment for use in Class I,

Division 1 and 2 areas. These are areas that are classified due to the presence of flammable liquids, gases, or

vapors.


• Explain the difference between areas classified as Class I, Division 1 and Division 2

• List and explain a variety of Division 1 wiring methods

• List and explain a variety of Division 2 wiring methods

• Explain the difference between flexible wiring and flexible cord

• Explain when flexible cord and flexible conduit are permitted

• Name two types of limited energy circuits

• Explain the difference between explosionproof equipment and intrinsic energy methods

• Define key terms, including explosionproof, nonincendive and intrinsically safe

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Class I areas require the use of wiring methods and other electrical equipment that will not ignite the

flammable gases, vapors, and liquids in the areas. Various methods may be used to keep the electrical



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equipment from becoming an ignition source. Only a few wiring methods, primarily RMC, IMC, and Type

MI cable can be used with equipment that is required to be explosionproof. Some other methods and

some alternatives to explosionproof equipment have limited applications.

• Explosion-proof equipment and wiring is also used in Division 2 areas, but is only required for

equipment that produces arcs and sparks, otherwise additional methods, especially additional cable

types are permitted.

• Where equipment must be wired with a flexible wiring method, special flexible fittings must generally

be used. However, in Division 2 areas and for some equipment such as submersible pumps and portable

equipment, extra heavy usage flexible cords are permitted.

• Limited energy applications such as intrinsically safe, and nonincendive circuits are permitted to use

special cable types and methods. However, except for intrinsically safe wiring, explosionproof methods

are still required in Division 1 areas. Intrinsically safe wiring can be installed using any of the methods

permitted for unclassified areas, and the same is true for nonincendive circuits, but only in Division 2

areas.

Class II Wiring Methods Overview/Description

This self-paced online training course covers the particular problems of Class II areas, such as areas with an

ignitable quantity of combustible dust. Wiring and protection methods used in Class II areas must be chosen to

keep the electrical equipment and wiring from providing an ignition source for the combustible dust.


• Describe the primary protection method for Class II areas

• List and describe wiring methods permitted in Class II, Division 1 areas

• List and describe flexible wiring methods that are permitted

• Describe how conduit and cable seals are used in Class II, compared to Class I

• List and explain two methods of creating dust-ignitionproof enclosures

• Understand how wiring is handled when Class I and Class II hazards are present at the same time and in

the same area

• Understand how the definition of "limited energy circuit" varies in different contexts

• Understand how the characteristics and hazards of metal dusts compare to other types of dust

Who Will Benefit



architects

Course Summary

• Class II areas are areas classified due to the presence of ignitible quantities of combustible dust.



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• Wiring and protection methods used in Class II areas must be chosen to keep the electrical equipment

and wiring from providing an ignition source for the combustible dust.

• Wiring methods must be selected to isolate ignition sources from combustible dusts and to be

compatible with dust-ignitionproof enclosures. In Class II, Division 2 areas, most enclosures are not

required to be dust-ignitionproof. However, any enclosures that are not required to be dust-

ignitionproof must be dusttight in both Division 1 and Division 2 areas.

• Seals are not required to be explosionproof and are only required where dust could enter a dust-

ignitionproof enclosure through a raceway.

• In order to use ordinary wiring methods in Class II areas, the energy in the circuits must be limited to

levels that cannot ignite the specific dusts present.

Class III Areas Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers wiring methods and equipment that can be used in Class III areas.

These areas are classified due to the presence of fibers or flyings.


• Understand the hazards and concerns specific combustible fibers and flyings

• Explain why stringent housekeeping requirements are important in Class III areas

• Understand why surface temperature is a concern in Class III areas

• Understand how the situation is handled when Class II and Class III hazards are present at the same

time and in the same area

• List and describe wiring methods that are permitted in Class III areas

• List the two essential characteristics for equipment to be permitted in Class III areas

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Ignitible fibers and flyings that may be ignited by electrical equipment and wiring must be isolated from

the electrical ignition sources.

• Equipment is required to be dusttight generally, but surface temperatures must be controlled so that

fibers or flyings are not ignited by contact with surfaces, including surfaces where fibers or flyings may

collect.

• Some equipment is required to be identified for Class III areas, but most equipment must simply be

dusttight. It must also be marked with a maximum surface temperature if the equipment produces

heat.



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• The maximum surface temperatures are quite low compared to most equipment used in Class I or Class

II areas. Lower temperatures are required where equipment is subject to overloading.

• The wiring methods that may be used include those that are suitable for Class I or Class II areas but a

few additional wiring methods are permitted, such as rigid nonmetallic conduit (RNC).

• Class II equipment may be used in Class III areas because it is dusttight, but surface temperatures must

be limited to sufficiently low values.

Sealing in Class I Areas Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the purpose and application of cable and conduit seals in Class I

areas. Sealing requirements differ for conduits and cables and differ somewhat for different types of cables.


• Explain the four general purposes of conduit and cable seals serve in Class I areas

• Identify how pressure piling occurs and how to reduce it

• List and explain three areas where conduit seals must be located

• Identify the most likely place for an explosion to be initiated in the electrical system

• List and explain installation requirements that apply to all conduit seals

• Explain how and why cables and conduits behave differently in the event of fire or explosion

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Conduit and cable seals are required in Class I areas to minimize the passage of gases and vapors within

the electrical installation, to prevent the passage of flames from one part of the electrical installation to

another, and to complete the enclosure system.

• In addition, seals are used to break the overall enclosure system into smaller parts to help reduce the

extent of internal explosions and reduce the high pressures associated with pressure piling.

• Sealing requirements differ for conduits and cables and differ somewhat for different types of cables

because of the differences in the ease of entry of gases and vapors into conduits and cables and the

ease of transmission of gases and vapors through conduits and cables.

Classification Basics Return to Table of Contents




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This self-paced online training course covers the basics of classification, including how to recognize areas that

may be classified, the key issues and terminology used to classify areas, how to reduce the extent of classified

areas, and reduce the quantity of special equipment needed.


• Identify what makes an area classified

• List and describe how the hazards of electrical equipment can be reduced in classified areas

• Identify how circuits may be designed to reduce hazards in classified areas

• Identify how the environment may be modified to reduce hazards

• List and define key terms, including auto ignition temperature, flash point, ignitable mixture,

flammable range, combustible material, flammable liquid, combustible liquid, combustible dust

• Explain classification terminology, including the distinctions between Classes I, II, and III; the difference

between Divisions 1 and 2; and Zones 0, 1, and 2

• Be familiar with the typical classification of some common occupancies

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Areas are classified based on the fire and explosion properties of ignitable materials that are present in

the area. Typically, areas are not classified if other ignition sources are normally present, if explosives or

pyrophoric materials are present, or if experience has shown that a particular type of installation has

not resulted in fires or explosions due to electrical equipment.

• Area classification identifies areas where special electrical equipment and wiring methods are required

to reduce the likelihood of a fire or explosion.

• Special electrical equipment is needed so that the electrical equipment is not an ignition source for the

flammable or combustible materials.

• Alternatives to the use of special electrical equipment include moving the equipment from the

classified area, using circuits with insufficient available energy to ignite the materials in the classified

area, and reducing or eliminating the hazard through the use of ventilation or through purging and

pressurizing.

Identifying Materials and Equipment Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers materials that can result in a classified area and equipment that is

suitable for those areas. The degree of hazard and the types of electrical equipment needed to reduce the

hazard are dependent on the properties of the specific flammable, combustible, or ignitable materials.



97


• Determine the materials that can result in an area being classified

• Select equipment that is suitable for those areas

• Identify the methods and reasons for distinguishing between different types of materials

• Identify the reasons for grouping materials based on their characteristics

• Know the methods of identifying appropriate electrical equipment for a given classified area based on

the flammable or combustible materials that are present

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Areas are classified due to the presence or possible presence of flammable gases or vapors, flammable

liquids, combustible dust, or ignitable fibers or flyings.

• The nature of the explosion or fire hazard and the types of electrical equipment needed to reduce the

hazard depend on the properties of the specific materials present.

• Some materials are more hazardous than others or may involve different hazards than others.

• Therefore, equipment must be selected for compatibility with the specific materials present, including

the Class, Division or Zone, and Group.

• To ensure compatibility, equipment must be properly identified and marked.

Protection Method Concepts Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers the similarities and differences among protection methods used for

different types of classified areas and how to properly select or verify the proper use of protection methods for

given areas. Protection methods are ways to keep the electrical system and equipment from providing an

ignition source to the ignitable materials and mixtures that may be present.


• List and describe requirements for explosionproof enclosures

• List and explain types of dust-ignitionproof equipment

• List and explain other methods of isolating electrical ignition sources in a classified area

• List and describe grounding methods for classified areas

• Identify the three elements of a lightning protection system

Who Will Benefit



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architects.

Course Summary

• Another method of controlling the electrical ignition source is through the use of intrinsically safe or

nonincendive circuits and equipment. These methods reduce the available energy in a circuit or power

source so the circuit cannot produce a spark with sufficient energy to ignite the hazardous materials.

• Rather than address the ignition source, purging and pressurizing provides a means of getting rid of the

ignitible mixture. This method may be used in a single electrical enclosure or in a larger room or space.

The ignitible mixture is displaced and replaced with clean air or an inert gas.

• Finally, grounding and bonding systems are used to reduce the likelihood that the conduit system or

other enclosures could provide an ignition source under electrical fault conditions. In addition, special

grounding and bonding systems not covered by the NEC are used to protect against ignition caused by

lightning or static electricity.

Emergency Communications Systems

Introduction to Emergency Communications Systems Return to Table of Contents


The course is comprised of ten video segments, averaging approximately four minutes per segment.

Each segment in this series has three components.

• Learning Outcomes

• Video instruction

• Summary

Upon completion of all the segments included in this course, you should be able to:

• Discuss the history of NFPA 72 and the changes in the Code relating to Emergency Communication

Systems (ECS) and Mass Notification Systems (MNS)

• List the types of communications systems

• Describe the major components of ECS design

• Summarize how NFPA 72 is enforced

• Outline the major ECS design issues

• Define Intelligibility and Acoustically Distinguishable Spaces (ADS)

• Explain the importance of risk analysis and messaging in the ECS design process



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After you’ve answered at least 80% of the total quiz questions correctly, your Certificate of Completion will be

available to you.

Module 1: Introduction to Emergency Communications Systems Return to Table of Contents


This course presents an introduction to Emergency Communications Systems concepts and applications

Upon completion of this course, learners will be able to:

• Identify the general characteristics of an ECS

• Describe the ECS monitoring requirements

• Distinguish among ECS requirements in Chapter 24, other NFPA 72 Chapters, and in other Codes

• Compare the qualities of effective ECSs with unacceptable ECS designs

• Know the requirements for approving ECS messages

• Define the ECS communication system-types and their application

• Explain the relationship between intelligibility and audibility

• Identify pathway survivability requirements

• List the requirements and equipment used in an ECS acceptance test

• Define an Area of Refuge ECS and its differences with other ECS

• Describe an acoustically distinguishable space

• Discuss the role of risk analysis in the ECS design process

• Distinguish the characteristics of a mass notification system (MNS), a type of ECS

Module 2: Risk Analysis Concepts within Emergency Communication

Systems Return to Table of Contents


This course provides an introduction to the role of Risk Analysis in Emergency Communications Systems.

Upon completion of this course, learners will be able to:

• Identify the purpose of Risk Analysis and define its 3 interrelated elements

• Understand the purpose of Risk Analysis Reports

• Distinguish between quantitative and qualitative Risk Analysis Reports



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• Define Threats, Vulnerabilities, and Controls as they pertain to Qualitative Risk Analysis methodologies,

and the four types of Controls.

• Know what must be answered before a Protective Strategy can be implemented

• Understand the key Risk Analysis factors for Mass Notification Systems (MNS)

• Understand the importance of the Risk Analysis Checklist as it relates to MNS design

• Identify the requirements for Risk Analysis Documentation

• List the 3 risk analysis factors in Emergency Planning Identify the 4 elements comprising Risk Mitigation

• Understand what cannot be expected from a MNS, and what is required for successful Emergency

Response Planning

• Define Situational Awareness in the context of ECS

• Understand time requirements for communications using MNS in Emergency Planning

• Gain awareness of Owner(s) responsibility and the questions they should answer in Emergency

Planning

Module 3: Emergency Planning and the Role of Risk Analysis for ECS Return to Table of Contents


This course introduces learners to the role of Risk Analysis in Emergency Planning.

Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to:

• Identify who must commit to Emergency Response Plans

• Define Situational Awareness as it relates to ECS system design

• Understand time requirements for communications using MNS in Emergency Planning

• Understand what cannot be expected from an MNS

• List the elements that comprise an Emergency Response Plan

• Identify the general questions the senior manager responsible for mass notification decisions may face,

and the importance of time in emergency decision-making

• Understand the different types of events that can lead to executing the Emergency Response plan

• Understand how the messaging is determined to interface with the emergency response plan

Other Training

Hot Work Management Return to Table of Contents




101

This course will help you use good judgment and adopt practices that control the fire hazards of hot work within

your facility. An important part of your learning will be examining case studies of hot work fires, because what

has happened to others can also happen to you.


• Identifying types of hot work

• Using case studies to reinforce severity of hazards involved

• Recognizing industry best practices in issuing and managing hot work permits

Who Will Benefit

Anyone whose job involves managing hot work, issuing hot work permits or conducting hot work activities.

Course Summary

• Understanding and recognizing what constitutes a hot work activity

• Outlining facility responsibilities regarding hot work

• Identifying elements of an effective hot work program

• Managing both internal staff and external contractors conducting hot work

• Enforcing hot work permit best practices

Planned Protection System Impairments Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online course covers how to plan, manage and restore fire protection systems minimizing risks

to your facility during offline or impairment conditions.


• Implementing industry best practices when impairing fire protection systems

• Describe the steps to follow to keep sprinkler system downtime to a minimum

• Be familiar with notification procedures including the use tags and permits

• List the re-activation steps once work is completed

Who Will Benefit

Anyone whose job involves managing protection system impairments.

Course Summary

• Identifying elements of an effective impairment management program

• Recognize the three main categories of impairments

• Limiting the severity of risk during an impairment

• Managing elements for both internal staff and external contractors when dealing with impairments



102

Introduction to Structural Fire Protection Return to Table of Contents


This course introduces passive fire resistance features in building design, the key elements in structural fire

protection.


• Explain the difference between active and passive fire protective systems

• Identify the major fire resistive materials standards

• Identify the major fire resistive design standards

Who Will Benefit



architects.

Course Summary

• Selected building code regulations

• Fire resistive construction and its role in fire and life safety

• Various references and sources of design information

• Standard test basis for fire resistive ratings

• Prescriptive code requirements for fire resistive construction

Fire Extinguishers at Work Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers workplace fire extinguishers, including the A, B, C and D types of

fire extinguishing agents.


• Understand the different classes of fires

• List and understand the different types of extinguishing agents

• Operate all basic types of extinguishers and the technique for safe use

Who Will Benefit



architects.



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Course Summary

• Used properly, portable fire extinguishers can be effective fire fighting tools in the early stages of a fire.

However, if you discover a fire, the first thing you must do is sound the alarm. Do not attempt to do

anything else until you’re sure the fire department is being notified and people are evacuating the

building.

• For firefighting purposes, fires are divided into different classes; these will present different hazards,

and require different types of extinguishers:

o Class A - ordinary combustibles

o Class B - flammable and combustible liquids; flammable gases

o Class C - fires involving energized electrical equipment

o Class D - combustible metals

o Class K - combustible cooking oil or fat

• Fire extinguishers contain extinguishing agents, the material that actually does the work in putting out

the fire. These agents may be in the form of a liquid, gas, gas/mist, foam or dry chemical. They put out

the fire in different ways.

• Water is a very effective extinguishing agent for fires in ordinary combustibles (Class A). It works by

cooling the fire.

• Dry chemical extinguishers are very popular, and multipurpose: they are rated either Class B, C, or Class

A,B,C. They work by interrupting the chemical chain reaction of the fire.

• Foam extinguishers are also multipurpose, rated Class A, B; they work by smothering the fire. Note that

because they are water-based, foam extinguishers are not rated for fires in energized electrical

equipment (Class C).

• Carbon dioxide is a multipurpose extinguishing gas, rated Class B,C. It works by displacing air, depriving

the fire of oxygen.

• Halogenated agents, rated Class B, C, also work by interrupting the chemical chain reaction. Unlike dry

chemical extinguishers, they do not leave a corrosive residue, and so are preferred in areas containing

delicate electronic equipment.

• Dry powder agents are rated Class D. They smother the fire.

Introduction to Mass Notification Systems Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course covers basic information regarding the use and application of Mass

Notification Systems (MNS). Emergency Communication Systems (ECS) are designed to provide communication

capability in the event of any type of an emergency.

Students will learn to:



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• Identify MNS as one aspect of Emergency Communication Systems (ECS)

• Explain the purpose of MNS

• Explain when MNS may be utilized

• Describe the tiers of MNS technical solutions

• Identify the most commonly used tiers of MNS technical solutions

• Describe the challenges associated with MNS

• Identify the general design criteria for MNS

Introduction to Combustible Dust Hazards Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course introduces how dust deflagrations occur and how to manage the potential

risk of dust explosions and deflagrations.

At the completion of this course, you will be able to:

• Identify the conditions for a deflagration to occur

• Explain the fundamentals of combustible dust

• Identify the hazards that may be present

• List the appropriate housekeeping methods

• Describe how combustible dust hazards can be managed

This course was produced by JENSEN HUGHES subject matter experts. It is presented for the purposes of

cross-training and continuing education. At the conclusion of this course, you will be asked to take a

short quiz. After completing the quiz, you will be eligible for .1 IACET CEU (One Training Hour, or 1

PDU/PDH).

NFPA 70E 2018

Note: NFPA 70E 2018 training is not included in the All-Access fire and library safety library.

Return to Table of Contents


This self-paced online training course introduces many safety-related work practices and procedures in NFPA

70E. The module discusses the purpose and scope of the standard, which is designed to minimize the risk of

employee injuries from electrical dangers and establish a safer workplace for employees who work on or near

exposed live parts. It provides an overview of elements of an electrical training program as well as the types of

equipment used in establishing an overall electrical safety program.

Learning Outcomes

At the conclusion of this course, learners will be able to:



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• Describe the electrical hazards in the workplace, including electric shock, arc flash, arc blast

• Explain the requirements for maintaining electrical safety in the workplace, including personal

protective equipment (PPE); approach boundaries; flash protection boundary; and working "on" or

"near" live parts

• Explain training requirements for single-employer sites and multi-employer sites, and for qualified and

unqualified persons

• Describe the elements of an electrical safety program, including program principles, controls and

procedures; hazard/risk evaluation; and job briefing

• Describe the proper use of test instruments and equipment, portable electric equipment, and

overcurrent protection

Who Will Benefit

Anyone concerned with electrical safety including: electrical engineers, safety managers, electricians, electrical

contractors, plant managers, facility maintenance personnel, electrical inspectors, risk managers, and project

managers.

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