Extended Twin Kinship Designs
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Transcript of Extended Twin Kinship Designs
Extended Twin Kinship Designs
Limitations of Twin Studies
• Limited to “ACE” model• No test of assumptions of twin design• C biased by assortative mating, passive rGE,
stratification• C and D tend to cancel• Cannot separate components of C: vertical cultural
inheritance, extra-familial shared environment, special C in twins, parent-child interaction
• Twin pairs are same age
Extending the Phenotype
Me
World Parents
Siblings
Child
Spouse
Extended Phenotype
Extending Twin Kinships
Extensions: Design
• Twins and Parents (TAP)• Longitudinal Twins and Parents (LTAP)• Children of Twins (COT)• Spouses of Twins (SPOT)• Siblings of Twins • The Full Monty: Extended Twin Kinship Design
E.T. (AKA “Stealth”, “Cascade”).
Extensions: Assessment
• MEASURE THE ENVIRONMENT• MEASURE THE GENOTYPE• MEASURE THE ENDOPHENOTYPE AND
EPIGENOME• DYADIC ASSESSMENT (interactions of relative
pairs).
Some else’s model may not suit your problem
Be creative!!!
Parents of Twins
• Anticipate “adult outcome” of child phenotype (quick and dirty developmental study)
• Provide environment for offspring (parent-child interaction)
• Spousal resemblance• Clue to non-additive genetic effects
Siblings of Twins
• “Are twins special? Funny? Different?”• Sibling interaction effects, confluence, density,
family size (also non-twin singletons)• Age-moderation of family resemblance (are
different genes/environments expressed at different ages – GxAge interaction).
Children of Twins
• Resolve effects of maternal and offspring genotype on offspring behavior
• Resolve genetic and non-genetic components of parent-child resemblance
The Virginia 30,000
Unpacking Assortative Mating
Phenotypic Assortment
Assortment for Latent Trait
Social Homogamy
Spousal Intersaction
The mediating effect of parental neglect on adolescent and young
adult anti-sociality: A longitudinal study of twins
and their parents (LTAP).
Lindon Eaves, Liz Prom, Judy Silberg
Parental ASP and Child Neglect/Adversity
So: Does neglect cause childhood antisocial
behavior (“environmentally”)?
OR
Is it a result of the fact that neglect is an expression of (genetic?) anti-social behavior in
the parents?
OR BOTH.
Conceptual Model
Initial Model for Genetic Effects
Polychoric correlations between anti-social behavior of (adult) parents and adult and juvenile anti-social behavior of their offspring.
Twin correlations
Model comparison
Genetic effects of assortment andPassive rGE
Significant assortment doesn’t do much genetically (here)Not much passive rGE even though parental ASP geneticand affects child’s environment
Non-genetic transmission
Unique and Shared Environment
Children of Twins (COT)
Unraveling the effect of genes and environment in the transmission of parental
antisocial behavior to children’s conduct disturbance, depression, and hyperactivity.
Judy Silberg, Hermine Maes, Lindon Eaves