EXPOSING THE IVORY TOWER

Hispanic Challenge for Equity Behind the Podium

American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education, Inc.Seventh Annual National Conference

March 8-10, 2012Costa Mesa, California, USA

Increasing public controversy over limited diversity in higher education faculty & administration

Growing Hispanic student population vs. ‘miniscule’ Hispanic faculty/administrators population

Limited Research/Data related to Hispanics in higher education faculty & administrative positions

Are Hispanic academics in a caste-like position?

CURRENT ISSUES

Demographic Trends- Hispanic Faculty & Admin.- Macro Perspective- Micro Analysis

Why Reflect Current Hispanic Population in Higher Education Faculty & Administration?

Barriers to Hispanic Equity- Obstacles & “Ivory Tower’ Gamesmanship- Deliberate vs. Unintentional Discrimination

Strategies & Action to Achieve Hispanic Equity

HISPANIC FACULTY & ADMINISTRATORS:EQUITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

LINDA OROZCO, PH.D.

Professor, Ed. Leadership, Calif. State Univ., FullertonFormer Dean, Coastline Community College, CA

Founder/President, Leadership Innovation

BY THE NUMBERS

US Population is 16.3% Hispanic.

(Fastest growing pop. group in the US.)

BY THE NUMBERS

Percentage of Hispanics by top StatesNew Mexico 46.5%

California 37.7%Texas 37.7%%Florida 22.6Arizona 29.8

Colorado 20.8%

Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.

– John Dewey

HISPANIC FACULTY

BY THE NUMBERS

3.9% of faculty* were Hispanic in 2009. 3.5% of all full time faculty were Hispanic

in 2007 (Chronicle of Higher Ed.) 2.6% in 1997 (National Center for Education

Statistics) 2.3% in 1993 (American Council on Education)

* Not designated full time

BY THE NUMBERS

2.9% of tenured faculty were Hispanic in 2006. [Lum]

Tenure rate for Latino males was 44%, compared to Latina female tenure rate of 38% in 1996.

The tenure rate for Latino/a undergraduate faculty declined by 19% from 1989-1996.

Academic

RankAmerican

IndianAsian Black Hispanic White

Professor .3 7.6 3.5 2.7 85.1

Associate Professor

.4 8.6 5.6 3.7 80.0

Assistant Professor

.4 11.2 6.6 4.1 70.6

Instructor 1.0 5.5 7.7 6.5 77.5

Lecturer .4 7.1 5.6 4.9 76.7

Percentage of Faculty Members byRank and Racial/Ethnic Group, 2009

The Chronicle, 2011

HISPANIC ADMINISTRATORS

BY THE NUMBERS

3.9% of college administrators were Hispanic in 2003.

Hispanic females outnumbers Hispanic males as administrators.

Hispanic males outnumbered Hispanic females as presidents/chancellors

HISPANIC PRESIDENTS

BY THE NUMBERS

4.6% of all college presidents were Hispanic in 2006 (ACE)

The overwhelming majority of Hispanic presidents serve at 2-year colleges. (61%)

31% of HSI’s had Hispanic presidents. (2007)

• Compelling national interest/Economic self interest• Socially just • Equitable access for the public good• Higher Education as center of educational equity• Prepare all students for a diverse society• Continuing evidence that a diverse faculty is

important to success of a diverse student body• Evidence that diverse faculty assists in the

recruitment of students of color to higher education• New scholarship• New teaching approaches

WHY HISPANIC EQUITY IN FACULTY & ADMIN?

Micro level search committees, departments, chairs and deans

Hiring Problems Minority Burden (over-commitment to minority

activities/teaching) Tenure Issues Racism, classism and tokenism Retention Issues Intraculture Issues Lack of Support Groups Promotion Problems

BARRIERS TO HISPANIC EQUITY?

CHALLENGES IN MEASURING EQUITY

Pre-packaged Data = Shell Gamei.e. “Higher Education”i.e. “Full time Faculty”i.e. “Staff & Administration”

DATA MINING: HISPANICS IN LEADERSHIP

Higher EducationCommunity CollegesFour-year Public Colleges/UniversitiesResearch Universities

DATA MINING: HISPANICS & ACADEMIC RANK

Full Time FacultyLecturersTenure-Track Assistant ProfessorsTenure-Track Associate ProfessorsTenured Assistant ProfessorsTenured Associate ProfessorsTenured Full Professors

DATA MINING: HISPANICS IN LEADERSHIP

Staff & AdministrationStaffManagerialAdministratorsDeansExecutivePresident

DATA MINING

How is the data currently packaged? Use Institutional Research Office Hispanic Equity Report Card- Establish

basic indicators of Hispanic equity throughout the institution: faculty (disaggregated by rank) & administration (disaggregated by executive, dean, admin, staff)

HSI: LEADERS IN HISPANIC EQUITY?

6% of all colleges/universities are Hispanic–Serving Institutions (HSI= over 25% Hispanic students)

This 6% served 52% of all Hispanic undergraduates (2006).

What is the Hispanic Equity Report Card of an HSI?

CSUF: FULL TIME FACULTY TRENDYear % Hispanic

Faculty% Hispanic Students

Hispanic Faculty

Faculty

2000 na 21.9 na na2001 7.87 22.8 45 5722002 5.84 23.2 46 7882003 5.85 23.8 45 7692004 5.42 24.6 39 7192005 5.24 25.5 39 7442006 5.80 26.7 47 8112007 4.86 27.9 42 8652008 4.88 28.1 42 8612009 5.63 29.2 48 8522010 6.57 30.2 55 8372011 na 32.0 na na

HISPANIC EQUITY REPORT CARDCSUF - 2010

32% of All Students are Hispanic 40% Incoming Freshman are Hispanic 0/10 University Deans are Hispanic 1/8 University Executives are Hispanic 1% of Full Tenured Professors are

Hispanic 6% of Full Time faculty are Hispanic

Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice or anything. If you’re a man, you take it. -Malcolm X

STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE HISPANIC EQUITY

• Increase the ‘supply’ of Hispanics qualified for faculty & administrative positions

• Adapt recruitment procedures to ensure a diverse set of candidates

• Faculty development• Mentorships• Review tenure & promotion processes to ensure

the equitable treatment of Hispanic faculty• Conduct Exit interviews of Hispanic faculty,

administrators leaving the institution

STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE HISPANIC EQUITY

Creating equity at all levels of the organization begins at the top

Engage stakeholders in critical dialogs regarding race/ethnic equity throughout the institution

Create an Institutional Equity Report Card Commit to measureable goals Monitor goals

VALUE OF EDUCATION

Education makes a difference. A college graduate in the United States earns 79% more than their counterparts with only a secondary education. The global economic crisis disproportionately affects people without college degrees. (Labi, 2011)

VALUE OF EDUCATION

37.7% of Hispanics 25 and over have not completed high school (compared to 12.9% for whites)

9.4% of Hispanics have a bachelor’s degree and 4% an advanced degree (compared to 20.6% and 11.2% for whites)

VALUE OF EDUCATION

87% of Hispanics believe a college education is extremely or very important (compared to 78% of the overall US population) - Associated Press, 2010

True equity in higher education will only be achieved when the

distribution of racial/ethnic groups among students, faculty

and administrators mirrors that of the general population.

LINDA OROZCO, PH.D.

Professor, Educational LeadershipCalifornia State University, Fullerton

Founder/President, Leadership Innovation

Lorozco14@yahoo.comUSA Telephohe: (562) 368-4844