Exploring predictors of ARV adherence among HIV positive women in North America
Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice
-
Upload
trec-at-psu -
Category
Education
-
view
82 -
download
0
Transcript of Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice
![Page 1: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exploringthe positive utility of travel
and mode choice
Patrick A. Singleton
Portland State University
TREC Friday Transportation Seminar
24 February 2017
Maseeh College of Engineering & Computer Science
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering
![Page 2: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Positive utility of travel
• Research questions
• Background
• Study design & data
• Results
• Implications
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 2
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.go
ogl
e.co
m/s
elfd
rivi
ngc
ar/i
mag
es/g
alle
ry/p
roto
typ
e-e
arly
.jpg
![Page 3: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Research questions
A. What is the positive utility of travel (PUT)?
– Literature review, synthesis, critique
B. How do we measure PUT?
– Original survey data collection
C. What factors are associated with PUT?
– Results for mode of transportation
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 3
![Page 4: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Background
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 4
Travel demand
Activity demand
Travel as a disutility–
Generation
Distribution
Mode Choice
Assignment
Demand Model
Extrinsic (instrumental) vs. intrinsic (autotelic)
Hedonic (affective) vs. eudaimonic (symbolic)Motivations
Utility pleasure, happiness, fulfillment, and
subjective well-being
Psychology:
associated withoutcome of preference-
satisfying decision
Economics:
![Page 5: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Definition
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 5
Mokhtarian & Salomon’s (2001) “affinity for travel”
1. The activities conducted at the destination. 2. The activities that can be conducted while traveling. 3. The activity of traveling itself.
The positive utility of travel (PUT) includes…
any benefits accrued to the traveler through the act of traveling.
Mokhtarian, P. L., & Salomon, I. (2001). How derived is the demand for travel? Some conceptual and measurement considerations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 35(8), 695-719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0965-8564(00)00013-6
![Page 6: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Destination activities
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 6
Travel as… A means to a productive end: going somewhere.
Definition: Benefits from reaching a destination with activity potential.
Motivations: Extrinsic, instrumental.
“The activities conducted at the destination.” (MS, 2001)
Examples:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/scottdavies/5671889074/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/krawcowicz/4279213591/
![Page 7: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Travel activities
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 7
Travel as… The setting for other activities.
Definition: Benefits from activity participation during travel.
Motivations: Extrinsic, instrumental.
“The activities that can be conducted while traveling.” (MS, 2001)
Examples:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/giuseppemilo/15734343208/ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ai-dealer/4616142327/
![Page 8: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 8
Definition: Affective enjoyment of the travel experience.
Symbolic expression or fulfillment from the travel experience.
Travel as the activity.
Travel as… The setting for experiences.
A means to a fulfilling end.
An end in and of itself.
Examples:
“The activity of traveling itself.” (MS, 2001)
Motivations:Hedonic, affective. Eudaimonic, symbolic.
Intrinsic, autotelic.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/aerialcamera/10238940444/https://www.flickr.com/photos/divinedecay/5225460351/
![Page 9: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Study
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 9
3
2
1
![Page 10: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 10
≈ 30 minutes
ten $100 gift cards
Home-to-work
trips
![Page 11: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Data
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 11
371 114175 30
Commute tripsby mode, &mode shares(N = 690)
49% 16%30% 4%
Survey dates: October 17, 2016 – December 16, 2016
2015 ACS (1-year):
Portland urban area
Portland city
83%
70%
8%
14%
3%
8%
4%
6%
![Page 12: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Results
• Can we measure a positive utility of travel?
– Yes, in various ways:
• Travel-based multitasking
• Travel experiences & well-being
• What factors are associated with PUT?
– Commute mode
• Walking and cycling commutes are more positive
• Transit and auto commutes are less positive
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 12
![Page 13: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Travel multitasking
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 13
![Page 14: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Travel multitasking
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 14
![Page 15: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Travel multitasking
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 15
![Page 16: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Travel multitasking
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 16
![Page 17: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Travel multitasking
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 17
![Page 18: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 18
![Page 19: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 19
![Page 20: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 20
![Page 21: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 21
![Page 22: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 22
![Page 23: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 23
![Page 24: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 24
![Page 25: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 25
![Page 26: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Travel experiences
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 26
![Page 27: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Findings
• Positive utility of travel…
– Exists and can be measured!
– Strongest for walking & bicycling, because:
• Valuing exercise, physical and mental health
– Moderate for public transit, because:
• Ability to relax and/or multitask
– Weakest for automobile, because:
• Few activities; some negative affect (congestion?)
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 27
* Preliminary findings. Additional analyses use multivariate models to statistically control for other explanatory factors.
*
![Page 28: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Implications
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 28
htt
ps:
//w
ww
.go
ogl
e.co
m/s
elfd
rivi
ngc
ar/i
mag
es/g
alle
ry/p
roto
typ
e-e
arly
.jpg
htt
p:/
/ww
w.t
ech
rep
ub
lic.c
om
/art
icle
/ces
-20
16-c
arm
aker
s-ki
ck-
off
-th
e-ye
ar-w
ith
-big
-mo
ves-
in-a
uto
no
mo
us-
veh
icle
s/
htt
ps:
//h
ype
bea
st.c
om
/201
6/1
2/u
ber
-san
-fra
nci
sco
-au
ton
om
ou
s-ca
rs
Autonomous vehicles(self-driving cars)
![Page 29: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Implications
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 29
Value of travel time savings Cost-benefit analysis
Mode Choice
Activity Experience
Improving quality of
service
![Page 30: Exploring the Positive Utility of Travel and Mode Choice](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022070517/58ce9dba1a28abb26e8b48b1/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Questions?
Background – Positive Utility of Travel – Study – Results – Implications 30
Patrick A. Singleton [email protected]