Exploring Canada’s Post-Secondary Education

System

Mary Vaughan, College of the North AtlanticDave Donaldson, Algonquin College

@ACBSPAccredited #ACBSP2016

Population ComparisonCalifornia 38,800,000 Canada

36,000,000

Canadian Colleges and Institutes

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Canada’s College System

• Provincially (state) mandated and funded• Canada has 163 recognized public and private universities

(including theological schools) and 183 recognized public colleges and institutes.• Diverse structure ranging from:

• One college system with multiple regional campuses• Multiple colleges• Degree granting and/or prohibited from granting degrees• Community colleges, polytechnics and teaching universities

• Colleges created 1965-67

Governance in Colleges and Institutes

• In publicly-funded colleges and institutes, government involvement can extend to admissions policies, program approval, faculty qualifications, curricula, institutional planning, etc.• Most colleges have boards of governors appointed by the

provincial or territorial government, with representation from the public, students, and instructors. • Program planning incorporates input from business,

industry, and labour representatives on college advisory committees.• There is no regional accreditation process in Canada.

Governance in Colleges and Institutes cont’d

• Council of Minister’s of Education Canada (CMEC)• An intergovernmental body of provincial ministers of education

• Provincial governments administer and regulate educational institutions. • Each province has its own, similar, system of education.• A recognized post-secondary institution is a private or public

institution that has been given full authority to grant degrees, diplomas, and other credentials by a public or private act of the provincial or territorial legislature or through a government-mandated quality assurance mechanism.

Canadian Education Associations

• National collaboration• Colleges and Institutes Canada• Canadian Education Association• Universities Canada• Council of Ministers of Education (CMEC)• Association of Canadian Schools of Business (ACSB)

Post-Secondary Education Credentials

• Diplomas are generally awarded for successful completion of two- and three-year college and institute programs, while certificate programs usually take up to one year. • Diplomas are equivalent to ACBSP Associate Degree status

• University degrees and applied degrees are offered in some colleges and institutes, and others provide university transfer programs. • Equivalent to ACBSP Baccalaureate and Graduate Degree status

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64.1% of adults aged 25 to 64 had postsecondary qualifications in 2011.

The most common major field of study for adults aged 25 to 64 with either a college diploma or university degree was 'business, management, marketing and related support services.

Statistics Canada

Post Secondary Completion

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Colleges will lead educational innovations and advance public policy reforms to build theadvanced workforce required to support new economic investments, rewarding careers and strong communities …

Colleges Ontario, Fuelling Prosperity: Colleges Ontario’s strategic plan 2015-18

Ontario Colleges Mission but applies to all Canadian colleges

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College programs are closely alignedwith the economic and social needs oftheir communities. Working closely withlocal governments, business, communityleaders, students and others, colleges willcontinue to advance robust, sustainable communities

Colleges Ontario, Fueling Prosperity: Colleges Ontario’s strategic plan 2015-18

“Community” colleges

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Many colleges have seen dramatic surges in applications in recent years, and in 2009 Statistics Canada predicted college enrolment could rise by 30 per cent, or 150,000 students, within the decade. Most revealing is that up to 50 per cent of college students today already have a university degree, or even a postgraduate degree

Why colleges are increasingly being seen as the smart choice, Maclean's Magazine, November 2015

With the ability to create new programs quickly in emerging fields, scrap those in low demand, and set enrolment numbers to match market needs, “nimbleness is at the heart of [the college] mandate,” Christine Trauttmansdorff, vice-president of Colleges and Institutes Canada

Funding

• The current cost recovery model for both colleges and universities comprises of financial contributions from three primary sources: • the provincial governments, • the federal government, • and students.

• A substantial proportion of funding is also derived from other sources, such as investments, private donations, and sales of goods and services

Government Funding and Tuition Fees per FTE

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Provinces

Canada’s North (Yukon, Nunavut and North West Territories• Yukon College (established 1983, main campus Whitehorse with

13 campuses)• Aurora College (Northwest Territories) -- The former Arctic College

was split into Aurora College and  when Nunavut Territory was created in 1999. Campuses in Inuvik, Fort Smith and Yellowknife and learning centres in many other communities in the NWT• Nunavut Arctic College attempts to operate on the basis that adult

education must be delivered in all communities and that the training be tailored to address individual and community needs• Nunavut -- one-fifth of Canada’s area and over 60% of its

coastlines, population of 31,153 in 2010

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British Columbia

• Over 1,900 programs are offered at B.C.'s 25 publicly funded post-secondary institutions: • 11 universities – including five new universities effective

Sept. 1, 2008.• 11 colleges – serving rural and metropolitan communities in

B.C.• Three institutes – offering a variety of specialized programs

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Alberta

• The Roles and Mandates Policy Framework, which was released in 2007, introduced a Six Sector Model which provides more clarity on the contribution each institution makes in building Alberta's knowledge-driven future:• Comprehensive Academic and Research Institutions 4• Baccalaureate and Applied Studies Institutions 2• Polytechnical Institutions 2• Comprehensive Community Institutions 11• Independent Academic Institutions 5• Specialized Arts and Culture Institutions 2

Saskatchewan

• Saskatchewan Polytechnic (formerly SIAST)• 4 campuses• Certificate to degree

• Regional Colleges 7

Manitoba

•  Seven public post-secondary institutions:• University of Manitoba, the University of Winnipeg, Brandon

University,, and Université de Saint-Boniface • Red River College• Assiniboine Community College• University College of the North

• Also Canadian Mennonite University• Private religious institutions in Manitoba – Steinbach Bible

College, Providence University College and Seminary, and Booth University College.

Ontario

• 24 colleges• Established 1967• Certificates to degrees

• 900 programs that prepare people for a wide range of careers in everything from IT, paramedicine, aviation, advertising and the skilled trades to game development, biotechnology, 3D manufacturing and much more.

• University graduates enrolled in college programs has increased more than 50 per cent over the past five years

Quebec (CEGEP)Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel 

• Quebec students complete high school at grade 11 instead of grade 12. College then prepares students for university or to enter a technical profession• A College Diploma in Quebec is issued  after a student has

successfully completed an approved college education program.• A college degree is required before entering university

• Public CEGEPs have little or no tuition fee• Began in 1967• 48 CEGEPs exist in Quebec, of which 5 are English language

New Brunswick

• 4 public universities (7 campuses), 3 private charter universities, 2 for-profit universities, 2 community colleges constituted as Crown Corporations (11 campuses), 2 specialized colleges; a number of small, private not-for-profit denominational universities/colleges and a number of for-profit private degree granting institutions

• New Brunswick is officially bilingual, with approximately 32 % of the population French-speaking and 64 % English-speaking• Postsecondary education system reflects this linguistic duality• Université de Moncton is the largest French-language university in North America outside the

province of Quebec• Three public universities are primarily English-speaking. Five of the province's eleven

community college campuses offer programming in French, the other six in English. • Colleges: certificates (1 year) to diplomas (2 year) as well as advanced and post

diplomas, strong articulations to universities within province. Universities are 4 year to PhD level.

Nova Scotia

• 11 public degree-granting institutions (universities) and one province-wide community college — the Nova Scotia Community College (NSCC)• The highest concentration of universities in Canada• L’Université Sainte-Anne only French university in Nova Scotia• Private, religious based universities• NSCC - province-wide system of 13 campuses, offering

certificate, diploma, and post-diploma programs throughout five academic schools

Prince Edward Island

• Birthplace of Confederation, smallest province in Canada as well as the most densely populated province (24 people per square kilometer)

• One publicly funded university, University of Prince Edward Island; • One publicly funded college, Holland College, centres throughout the

province; • Publically funded francophone public college Collège Acadie Î.-P.-É. • Private vocational training schools • UPEI offers the Atlantic Veterinary College, which serves all four Atlantic

Provinces• Holland College operates the Atlantic Police Academy, Culinary Institute

of Canada, Marine Training Center

Newfoundland and Labrador

• St. John’s - most easterly location of North America• St. John’s is the oldest city in North America• Province joined Canada in 1949 • One public university, Memorial University of Newfoundland

(MUN), that serves the province with 2 campuses• One public College, College of the North Atlantic (CNA), with

17 campuses throughout the province and one campus in the State of Qatar

• CNA-Qatar is Canada’s largest international post-secondary project with over 400 faculty and 2500 students from across the world. It is a partnership between CNA and the State of Qatar

Issues

•Decline in direct entry• Skills shortage• Funding• Aging faculty• Technology

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In the 2009/2010 school year, enrolment in Canada's publicly funded elementary and secondary schools was just under 5.1 million students, down 5% from 2000/2001.

This downward trend in enrolment was seen across Canada, with only Alberta having increased enrolment, up 3%. Newfoundland and Labrador had the largest enrolment decrease, 23%, followed by decreases of 16% in Nova Scotia, 15% in New Brunswick and 14% in Prince Edward Island.

Statistics Canada Decline in direct entry

Decline in Direct EntryAge Distribution - Canada

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Canada has an aging population,mainly as a result of two factors: increased life expectancy and the fact that the babyboomer generation … is reaching retirement age.The following generation is not as large … which means that the number of “working-age” people (aged 15-64) for every senior (aged 65 and older) isexpected to drop from 4.9 in 2011 … to 2.3 in 2061.1. The most significant aging of the population will occur before 2031.

LABOUR AND SKILLS SHORTAGES IN CANADA: ADDRESSING CURRENT AND FUTURECHALLENGES, Report of the Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Developmentand the Status of Persons with Disabilities, DECEMBER 2012

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… shortage of skilled workers in four occupational groups: (1) sciences,technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM); (2) Information and CommunicationsTechnology (ICT); (3) health care; and (4) skilled trades.

LABOUR AND SKILLS SHORTAGES IN CANADA: ADDRESSING CURRENT AND FUTURECHALLENGES, Report of the Standing Committee on Human Resources, Skills and Social Developmentand the Status of Persons with Disabilities, DECEMBER 2012

Provincial Government Grants as a Percentage of Total Canadian University Income,1987-2005

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Based on the analysis of recent labour market conditions and the projections, it is expected that this occupational group will experience a labour shortage over the 2013-2022 period. As was the case over the 2003-2012 period, retirements are projected to account for the majority of job openings.

http://www.jobbank.gc.ca/report-eng.do?area=9219&lang=eng&noc=4131&action=final&ln=n&s=2

Aging faculty – report on professors

Ready or not … Here we come?ARE WE READY?

Students own the technology and expect more from their university/college

Technology in the classroom

Questions