Exploration -...
Transcript of Exploration -...
Exploration By: Your most favorite Western Civ teacher!
When did Europe explore?• 1400 – 1750
Why did the Europeans want to explore?
• Wanted to trade with Asians (spices)
• Renaissance thinkers promoted ideas of discovery
• Churches wanted to expand Christianity and stop Islam
• Arabs had a monopoly
• Need for precious metals
Pepper –India• Cinnamon- Sri Lanka• Ginger, cotton, silk- China• Nutmeg and cloves- East Indies
Europeans running out of gold - need to go and get some more - Asians didn’t need the wood and natural resources Europe had to offer.
Results of Exploration• New Technology
• Exploitation of goods and people
Countries that led…• Portugal
• Spain
Why would these country lead and not others?
Line of Demarcation• Created by the Pope in 1493
• Split the world in the middle of Atlantic Ocean
• Spain would control lands to the West
• Portugal would control lands to the East
Why the Renaissance Encouraged Exploration
• New ideas to explore.
• Idea of personal best.
• Spreading of Christianity.
• Ease of transferring ideas.
T• The Europeans were
dependent on spices
Don’t they taste delicious.
E• Europeans needed to create a direct
connection with Asia
CCompass helped sailors rely upon the stars less, as they
ventured out of coastal waters
• Huge inaccuracies of land placement and structure were made by early cartographers (map makers)
H
NNow the astronomer Ptolemy
created a grid system
O• Oooh a way to reference land masses all
over the world, and is still used today
L• Look out for new triangle shaped sails
and multiple masts that help ships travel faster and further
O• Only now are the ships more
maneuverable with a rudder
G• Gee a new ship was created called the
caravel
Y• Yikes! The caravel now carries weapons
like the rifle and cannon.
Section 2
Overseas Empires
O• Only Spain and Portugal recognized the
Treaty of Tordesillas (divided the world)
•
V• Vasco da Gama’s exploration of India,
increased Portugal’s desire to open up trade
I look like Ian Martel’s dad.
EEstablished Portuguese
control over the Indian Ocean after a bloody battle with the
Muslims – this man was Pedro Cabral
R• Realizing their power, the Portuguese
expanded their control and established trading ports
S• Settlers in Brazil from Portugal’s colonies
grew, tobacco, sugarcane, coffee, cotton (they needed slaves)
EExplorer Cortes landed in
Mexico in 1519 and worked with a native woman to
conquer the Aztecs
A• Aztecs were slaughtered and forced into
slavery
SSpain sent Francisco Pizarro to Peru, Pizarro conquered
the Inca’s
Space
E• Empire of Spain
included North America, South America, and the West Indies
•
M• Monarchs named viceroys (royal
representatives), were sent to rule the lands
P• Priests found missions while farmers
developed plantations
I• I must say that the Native Americans
were treated quite badly by the Spaniards and were killed with diseases. Their death led to the need for slaves.
R• Resources were unavailable in the
Netherlands and they needed to focus on commerce to survive
E• (Dutch) East India Company expanded
trade and ensured close relations between the government and enterprises in Asia
S• Spice Islands were now under Dutch
control as they pushed the Portuguese out of the area
Oops I ran out of letters!
Slave Trade
S• Slaves were needed to work on the
plantations
L• Lots of slaves were traded with the
triangle trade. (Europe, Africa, America)
A• Africa to America was commonly
referred to as the Middle Passage (middle leg of the triangle)
V• Very harsh conditions were faced by the
slaves (small spaces, suffocation, death and disease)
E• Estimated number of enslaved Africans
ranges from 10-24 million.
S• Slave auctions were held and slaves were
forced to be laborers.