October 1, 2007October 1, 2007

Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

Geoffrey YoderDirector, ESMD Directorate Integration OfficeNASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

Geoffrey YoderDirector, ESMD Directorate Integration OfficeNASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate

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Exploration OverviewExploration Overview

• ESMD Organization

• Exploration Plans & Progress in 2007– Lunar Architecture– Constellation Systems– Advanced Capabilities

• International and Domestic Participation in the Global Exploration Strategy

• Challenge

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Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Organization Exploration Systems Mission Directorate Organization

Program Management(Centers)

Headquarters

Constellation Systems Division

Constellation Program

(JSC)

Orion Project(JSC)

Exploration Launch Projects(MSFC

Ground Operations

Project(KSC)

Mission Operations

Project(JSC)

EVA Systems Project(JSC)

Advanced Project(JSC)

Commercial Crew/Cargo

Program (JSC)

LROProject Office

(GSFC)

Multi-Center Multi-Center

LPRP(MSFC)

Human Research

(JSC)

Tech Dev(LaRC)

Advanced Capabilities Division

Resources Management Office

Directorate Integration Office

Special Assistant Program

Development

Strategic Integration & Management

Office

DAA for Management and

Policy

G. Yoder (Acting)

A. HunterG. Allen (Acting)

COTS – N. Woodward

C. Walz

DAA

P. Lockhart

J. Hanley

T. Lavoie D. Grounds F. Peri

A. Lindenmoyer

D. Cooke T. Cremins

Associate Administrator Exploration Systems

Chief Engineer (OCE)

Lunar Lander Project(JSC)

P. Lockhart (Acting)

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Lunar Robotic Missions Lunar Robotic Missions Lunar Outpost BuildupLunar Outpost Buildup

Commercial Crew/Cargo for ISSCommercial Crew/Cargo for ISS

Ares I DevelopmentAres I Development

Lunar Lander DevelopmentLunar Lander Development

Surface Systems DevelopmentSurface Systems Development

Ares V & Earth Departure StageAres V & Earth Departure Stage

06060505 0707 0808 0909 1010 1111 1212 1313 1414 1515 1616 1717 1818 1919 2020 2121 2222 2323 2424 25…25…

Exploration RoadmapExploration Roadmap

SSP TransitionSSP Transition

Orion DevelopmentOrion Development

Orion Production and OperationOrion Production and Operation

Space Shuttle OperationsSpace Shuttle Operations

Initial Capability

Orion (CEV)

Initial Capability

Orion (CEV)

MarsExpedition

2030(?)

MarsExpedition

2030(?)

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Exploration Systems Mission DirectorateExploration Systems Mission Directorate

2007: A Year of Progress for Exploration2007: A Year of Progress for Exploration

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Lunar Architecture Team (LAT)Lunar Architecture Team (LAT)

• The Vision told us what we had to do, and when, but…………

• We needed to better define why we are going there, what we are going to do when we get there, or how we will get there.

• For the ‘Why’ and ‘What’, a Synthesis Team was formed to develop a consensus from the Science community, from IP interests, and from Commercial interests (~180 Objectives).

• For the ‘How’, a multi-center, cross disciplinary, Lunar Architecture Team (LAT) was formed in Summer of ’06 to draft a plan that would support prioritized list of objectives. First phase completed in December ’06

• Phase 2 of LAT began in January ’07, for completion in Summer ’07. Goal is to refine a Point of Departure architecture to facilitate open discussions with potential partners and collaborators.

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Architecture Driven By A StrategyArchitecture Driven By A Strategy

Global Exploration Strategy DevelopmentGlobal Exploration Strategy Development Themes & Objectives

Architecture AssessmentArchitecture Assessment

Reference Architecture & Design Reference

MissionOutpost First at one of

the PolesElements critical to US

Detailed Design Detailed Design Operations Concept, Technology Needs,

Element RequirementsMaintain flexibility

National Priorities Defined

Detailed Requirements

Defined

LAT-1

LAT-2

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2007 Mars Study Objectives / Products2007 Mars Study Objectives / Products

Develop integrated program strategies and decision timelines for different assumed launch dates.

Includes:

• Updating NASA’s human Mars mission reference architecture, that defines:– Long term goals and objectives for human exploration missions– Flight and surface systems for human missions and supporting infrastructure

• Integrate the current Constellation elements, as well as other Mars elements which have been updated since DRM 3.0, 4.0 and ESAS, to document the Mars DRM 5.0.

• Update and incorporate Mars surface reference mission into DRM 5.0• Schedule and definition of supporting development activities

– An operational concept– Key challenges including risk and cost drivers– Development schedule options

• Developing a plan for reducing the cost/risk of human Mars missions through investment in research, technology development and synergy with other exploration plans, including:– Robotic Mars missions– Cis-lunar activities – ISS activities– Earth-based activity, including analog sites, laboratory studies, and computer simulations– Additional research and technology development investment

• Assessing strategic linkages between lunar and Mars strategies.

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Mars Study ApproachMars Study Approach

Mars Plan

ESMD SMD

SOMDARMD

• Policy Makers• Industry• Entrepreneurs

•Internationals•Science Community•Public

• Non-Science Requirements• Systems Development• Human Exploration

Architecture

• Science Requirements• Integration with ongoing MEP• Interpretation of science

results

• Aeronautics research• Mars atmospheric

entry

• Human Spaceflight Operations

• Tracking, navigation and communications

• Integrating all stakeholders while leveraging recognized subject matter experts

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Pre-Deploy All-up Pre-Deploy All-up

Conjunction ClassLong Surface Stay

Opposition ClassShort Surface Stay

Mis

sion

Type

Human ExplorationOf Mars

Special Case1-year Round-tripx

Top-level Trade Tree (Crewed Elements)Top-level Trade Tree (Crewed Elements)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48

1) 1988 “Mars Expedition” 2) 1989 “Mars Evolution” 3) 1990 “90-Day Study” 4) 1991 “Synthesis Group” 5) 1995 “DRM 1” 6) 1997 “DRM 3” 7) 1998 “DRM 4” 8) 1999 “Dual Landers” 9) 1989 Zubrin, et.al* 10) 1994-99 Borowski, et. al 11) 2000 SERT (SSP) 12) 2002 NEP Art. Gravity 13) 2001 DPT/NEXT

1) 1988 “Mars Expedition” 2) 1989 “Mars Evolution” 3) 1990 “90-Day Study” 4) 1991 “Synthesis Group” 5) 1995 “DRM 1” 6) 1997 “DRM 3” 7) 1998 “DRM 4” 8) 1999 “Dual Landers” 9) 1989 Zubrin, et.al* 10) 1994-99 Borowski, et. al11) 2000 SERT (SSP) 12) 2002 NEP Art. Gravity13) 2001 DPT/NEXT

? ? ? ? ? ? ?

→ = Priority order of branches to study NTR- Nuclear Thermal RocketElectric= Solar or Nuclear Electric Propuls

A B C DE F

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1 43256

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9 10 10 11 12

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ARES

Orion

Constellation UpdateConstellation Update

COTS

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2007: A Year of Technical Progress2007: A Year of Technical Progress

Ares I (Crew Launch Vehicle)• Vehicle Integration: Monopropellant Reaction Control Thruster Testing• 1st Stage: Test Motor firing to Measure Roll Torque for Ares I• Upper Stage: Mock-up of Ares I Instrument Unit with CAD Imagery• Upper Stage Engine: Dismantle of X-33 J-2S Turbomachinery• Ares I-X: Ares I-X Avionics / Solid Rocket Booster Thrust Vector Control Test

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Ares I 1st Stage Components in ProgressAres I 1st Stage Components in Progress

Forward End Ring

Throat Housing

Forward Exit Cone

Nose Inlet Housing

Nose Inlet Billet

Aluminum Ingots

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RSRM fwd core mandrel (without tip fins attached)

Core Tooling Core Tooling

Aft Core

Forward Core

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Orion Project FY 2007 AccomplishmentsOrion Project FY 2007 Accomplishments

Parachute Testing

Orion Project• Awarded contract to provide rockets for abort system testing• Completed Orion Systems Requirements Review (SRR) and moving towards Systems

Definition Review (SDR)• Released Request for Proposals (RFP) for integrated Qualification Test facilities at Glenn

Research Center/Plumbrook• Began fabrication of flight test article for Pad Abort Test -1 (PA-1) • Performed drop tests to gather data on parachute designs

TPS Block 2 (Lunar), Phase 1 Material test ARC IHF TPS

Arcjet Testing

PA-1 Heat shieldHeat shield Stiffener

ILC Airbag Test

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Constellation Acquisition UpdateConstellation Acquisition Update

Draft RFP Final RFP Planned award

Ares I 1st Stage

Apr 2007

AwardedJuly 2007

J2-X

June/July 2007 Aug/Sep 2007

Upper Stage

Nov/Dec 2007

Summer 2008

Upper Stage Instrument Unit

Space Suit System

June 2007

AwardedAugust 2007

AwardedSeptember 2007

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Ares I-X Test Flight 2009Ares I-X Test Flight 2009

Ares I-X Data

First Stage Thrust (Avg.) 2.6 Mlbf

Max Speed Mach 4.7

Max Altitude 130,000 ft

Liftoff Weight 1.8 Mlbm

Length 324 ft

Max Acceleration 2.5g

Demonstrate and collect key data on:• Vehicle controllability• Staging/separation• Roll control• KSC launch ops• Aerodynamics and vehicle loads• Atmospheric entry dynamics for

recovery

Demonstrate and collect key data on:• Vehicle controllability• Staging/separation• Roll control• KSC launch ops• Aerodynamics and vehicle loads• Atmospheric entry dynamics for

recovery

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Commercial Orbital Transportation Services (COTS)• Began integration of K-1 flight systems at MAF• Completed development of the Falcon 9 flight vehicle• Completed Dragon Capsule engineering model• Completed Merlin 1C engine qualification testing• Began production of flight Merlin 1C engines, Falcon 9 launch vehicle, and

Dragon Capsule

2007: A Year of Progress - COTS2007: A Year of Progress - COTS

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Facility TransitionFacility Transition

• KSC / Operations & Checkout Building– Highbay for all Orion final assembly– Highbay cleanout Complete– Highbay design in work

• Michoud Assembly Facility (MAF)– Primary structure manufacturing– Composite and metal fabrication– Users: Orion, Ares I Upper Stage,

Ares V Earth Departure Stage, Ares V Core Stage, COTS - RPK

• KSC / Pad 39B– Launch Pad and Support

Facilities– Lightning Protection

System

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Advanced Capabilities Division 2007: A Year of Technical Progress

Advanced Capabilities Division 2007: A Year of Technical Progress

Test fired a liquid oxygen-liquid methane rocket engine for potential use on the Lunar Lander ascent stage.

NASA, DOE, and industry team developed a conceptual design for an affordable fission surface power system to provide power for the lunar outpost.

Demonstrated an advanced video guidance sensor for automated rendezvous and docking operations on the DARPA Orbital Express mission.

Flight tested a lidar sensor for autonomous hazard detection and avoidance system on Lunar Lander.

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Advanced Capabilities Division 2007: A Year of Technical Progress

Advanced Capabilities Division 2007: A Year of Technical Progress

Tested Lab-On-A-Chip instrument for detecting harmful bacteria on the ISS.

Fabricated proof-of-concept inflatable habitat for the lunar outpost.

Demonstrated hydrogen-air fuel cell power system for ATHLETE rover that can carry large payloads over rough terrain.

Discovered new fluid behavior in microgravity using Capillary Flow Experiment on the ISS.

Developed lithium-ion battery for powering portable life support system on EVA suit.

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2007: A Year of Human Research Progress2007: A Year of Human Research Progress

EVA physiology testing has improved the design of the new planetary suit with a lower center of gravity.

YZ

XZ

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NASA scientists have produced activated simulants of lunar dust for toxicity testing.

Completed pilot study on intermittent exposure to artificial gravity

Completed investigation of countermeasure for risk of renal stone formation during long duration missions

Direct measurements of Oxygen Uptake Measurement using Pulmonary Function System

Nutritional Status Assessment investigation started. Will provide insights into time course of changes in nutritional status, bone loss

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2007: A Year of Lunar Robotic Progress2007: A Year of Lunar Robotic Progress

LCROSS flight primary structure received April 2nd

LCROSS harness fabrication in process using structure mock-up.

MAC

CSSLight Source

Successful Interface testing between Coarse Sun Sensor (CSS) and Multipurpose Access Card (MAC).

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Exploration Systems Mission DirectorateExploration Systems Mission Directorate

Achieving Our Exploration Goals and ObjectivesAchieving Our Exploration Goals and Objectives

More detailed LAT briefing later todayMore detailed LAT briefing later today

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Working TogetherWorking Together