LAN Switching and Wireless - CCNA Exploration Companion Guide.pdf
Exploration LAN Switching Semester 3
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Transcript of Exploration LAN Switching Semester 3
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1
LAN Design
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 1
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2
Objectives Describe how a hierarchical network supports the
voice, video and data needs of a small and medium-
sized business. Match the appropriate Cisco switch to each layer in
the hierarchical network design model.
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business Describe the key principles of hierarchical network
design
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5
Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business
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Describe how a Hierarchical Network Supports
the Needs of a Small & Medium-Sized Business Describe the role of a converged network in supporting
small and medium-sized (SMB) business voice, video,
and data needs
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Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model Identify the considerations used to select a switch for a
hierarchical network
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Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to each
Layer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model Identify the key features of switches that are used in
hierarchical networks
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Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to eachLayer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
Identify the key features of switches that are used inhierarchical networks
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Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to eachLayer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
Identify the switch features found in each level in ahierarchical network
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Match the Appropriate Cisco Switch to eachLayer in the Hierarchical Network Design Model
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Summary Hierarchical Design model addresses performance,
scalability, maintainability & manageability issues.
Traffic Analysis is used to monitor networkperformance.
Hierarchical Design Model is composed of 3 layers:
Access
Distribution
Core
Switches selected for each layer must meet the needsof each hierarchical layer as well as the needs of thebusiness.
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Configure a Switch
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 2
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Objectives Summarize the operation of Ethernet as defined for
100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE 802.3 standard.
Explain the functions that enable a switch to forwardEthernet frames in a LAN.
Configure a switch for operation in a network
designed to support voice, video, and datatransmissions.
Configure basic security on a switch that will operate
in a network designed to support voice, video, anddata transmissions.
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Summarize the operation of Ethernet asdefined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE
802.3 standard Describe the key elements of Ethernet/802.3 networks:
CSMA/CD, half-, full-duplex, collisions
Ethernet frame, MAC address
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Summarize the operation of Ethernet asdefined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE
802.3 standard Describe the design considerations for Ethernet/802.3
networks
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Summarize the operation of Ethernet asdefined for 100/1000 Mbps LANs in the IEEE
802.3 standard
Describe the LAN design considerations to reduce network latency
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Describe the switch forwarding methods: store-and-forawd & cut-through (fast-forward, fragment-free)
Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN
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Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN Explain symmetric and asymmetric Switching
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Explain the Functions that Enable a Switch to
Forward Ethernet Frames in a LAN Compare Layer 2 with Layer 3 switching
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Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to navigate
the command-line
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Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to access the
command history
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network Describe the boot sequence of a Cisco switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network Describe how to prepare the switch to be configured
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network
Describe how to perform a basic switch configuration
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18
Configure a Switch for Operation in a Network Describe how to manage the Cisco IOS configuration
files
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19
Configure Basic Security on a Switch Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure
password options
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 20
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to configure alogin banner
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 21
Describe the how to configure Telnet and SSH on aswitch
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 22
Describe the key switch security attacks: MAC addressflooding, spoofing attacks, CDP attacks, and Telnet
attacks
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 23
Configure Basic Security on a Switch Describe the key switch security attacks: MAC address flooding,spoofing attacks, CDP attacks, and Telnet attacks
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 24
Describe how network security tools are used toimprove network security
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 25
Describe why you need to secure ports on a switchConfigure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 26
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to disableunused ports
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 27
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
Secure MAC Address Types
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 28
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 29
Configure Basic Security on a Switch
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 30
Summary
LAN Design
Process that explains how a LAN is to be
implemented
Factors to consider in LAN design include
Collision domainsBroadcast domains
Network latency
LAN segmentation
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 31
Summary
Switch forwarding methods
Store & forward used by Cisco Catalyst switches
Cut through 2 types
Cut throughFast forwarding
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 32
Summary
Symmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that have thesame bandwidth
Asymmetric switching
Switching is conducted between ports that haveunlike bandwidth
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 33
Summary
CISCO IOS CLI includes the following features
Built in helpCommand history/options
Switch security
Password protection
Use of SSH for remote access
Port security
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 34
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1
VLANs
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 3
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2
Objectives
Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network.
Explain the role of trunking VLANs in a converged
network.
Configure VLANs on the switches in a convergednetwork topology.
Troubleshoot the common software or hardwaremisconfigurations associated with VLANs on switchesin a converged network topology.
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
Explain the role of VLANs in a converged network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 6
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
Benefits of VLANs
E l i h R l f VLAN i
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
VLAN characteristics
E l i h R l f VLAN i
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 8
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
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E l i th R l f VLAN i
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
E l i th R l f VLAN i
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
E l i th R l f VLAN i
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 12
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in aConverged Network
Explain the role of a trunk when using multiple VLANsin a converged network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in aConverged Network 802.1Q tagging
The tag control information field contains:
3 bits of user priority - Used by the 802.1pstandard, which specifies how to provideexpedited transmission of Layer 2 frames. Adescription of the IEEE 802.1p is beyond thescope of this course; however, you learned alittle about it earlier in the discussion on voice
VLANs. 1 bit of Canonical Format Identifier (CFI) -
Enables Token Ring frames to be carriedacross Ethernet links easily.
12 bits of VLAN ID (VID) - VLAN identification
numbers; supports up to 4096 VLAN IDs.
E plain the Role of VLANs in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15
Explain the Role of VLANs in aConverged Network
Describe how to manage broadcast domains withVLANs
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in aConverged Network
Describe how a trunk works
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 17
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in aConverged Network
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18
Explain the Role of Trunking VLANs in aConverged Network
Dynamic Trunking Protocol (DTP)
C fi VLAN h S i h i
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19
Configure VLANs on the Switches in aConverged Network Topology
Describe the steps to configure trunks and VLANs
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 20
Configure VLANs on the Switches in aConverged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create aVLAN on a Cisco Catalyst switch
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 21
Configure VLANs on the Switches in aConverged Network Topology
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 22
Configure VLANs on the Switches in aConverged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to manageVLANs on a Cisco Catalyst switch
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 23
Configure VLANs on the Switches in aConverged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create atrunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch
Configure VLANs on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 24
Configure VLANs on the Switches in aConverged Network Topology
Describe the Cisco IOS commands used to create atrunk on a Cisco Catalyst switch
T bl h t C S ft H d
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 25
Troubleshoot Common Software or HardwareMisconfigurations Associated with VLANs
Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 26
Troubleshoot Common Software or HardwareMisconfigurations Associated with VLANs
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Troubleshoot Common Software or Hardware
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 28
IP subnet mismatch
Troubleshoot Common Software or HardwareMisconfigurations Associated with VLANs
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 29
Summary
VLANS
Allows an administrator to logically group devices
that act as their own network
Are used to segment broadcast domains
Some benefits of VLANs includeCost reduction, security, higher performance,better management
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 30
Summary
Types of Traffic on a VLAN include
DataVoice
Network protocol
Network management Communication between different VLANs requires the
use of
Routers
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 31
Summary
Trunks
A common conduit used by multiple VLANS forintra-VLAN communication
EEE 802.1Q
The standard trunking protocol
Uses frame tagging to identify the VLAN to which a
frame belongsDoes not tag native VLAN traffic
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 32
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Implement VTP
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 4
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2
Objectives
Explain the role of VTP in a converged switchednetwork
Describe the operation of VTP: VTP domains, VTPModes, VTP Advertisements, and VTP Pruning.
Configure VTP on the switches in a converged
network.
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3
Explain the Role of VTP in a ConvergedSwitched Network
Explain the role of VTP in a multi-switch network
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4
Explain the Role of VTP in a ConvergedSwitched Network
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5
Explain the Role of VTP in a ConvergedSwitched Network
Explain the Role of VTP in a Converged
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 6
Explain the Role of VTP in a ConvergedSwitched Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7
Describe the Operation of VTP
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 8
Describe the Operation of VTP
Explain the role of domains in VTP
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 9
Describe the Operation of VTP
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLANinformation between switches in the same VTP domain
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLANinformation between switches in the same VTP domain
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 12
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe how VTP exchanges domain and VLANinformation between switches in the same VTP domain
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13
Describe the Operation of VTP
VTP revision number
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe the role VTP modes play in enabling VTP todistribute and synchronize domain and VLANconfiguration information in a network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15
Describe the Operation of VTP
Describe the role VTP modes play in enabling VTP todistribute and synchronize domain and VLANconfiguration information in a network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16
Describe the Operation of VTP
Explain how VTP pruning functions
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 17
gConverged Network
Configure VTP on a Cisco Catalyst Switch
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18
gConverged Network
Configure VTP domain on server & client
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19
Converged Network
Configure VTP mode
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 20
Converged Network
Manage VLANs on a VTP enabled network (Server)
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 21
Converged Network
Assign ports to VLANs on VTP Clients
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 22
Converged Network
Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configurationproblems
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 23
Converged Network
Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configurationproblems
Configure VTP on the Switches in a
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 24
Converged Network
Identify and troubleshoot common VTP configurationproblems
S
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 25
Summary
VTP is a Cisco proprietary protocol used to exchangeVLAN information across trunk links.
A switch can be in one of 3 VTP operating modes
Client
Cannot create, modify or delete VLAN
ServerCan create, modify & delete VLAN
Transparent
Can create, modify, & delete LOCAL VLANForwards VTP advertisements.
S
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 26
Summary
VTP pruning
Limits unnecessary dissemination of VLAN information. Verify VTP configuration
Show VTP status
Show interfaces trunk
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 27
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Implement SpanningTree Protocols
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 5
Obj ti
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2
Objectives
Explain the role of redundancy in a convergednetwork
Summarize how STP works to eliminate Layer 2 loopsin a converged network
Explain how the STP algorithm uses three steps to
converge on a loop-free topology Implement rapid per VLAN spanning tree (rapid
PVST+) in a LAN to prevent loops between redundant
switches.
Explain the Role of Redundancy in aC d S it h d N t k
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3
Converged Switched Network
Redundancy in a hierarchical network which path?
Explain the Role of Redundancy in aC d S it h d N t k
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Converged Switched Network
Redundancy in a hierarchical network path failure
Explain the Role of Redundancy in aC d S it h d N t k
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Converged Switched Network
Redundancy can disable a hierarchical network
Layer 2 loops may occur
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broadcast
Layer 2 loops may occur
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7
CAM change
Broadcast Storms
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Spanning Tree Topology
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Summarize How STP works to EliminateLayer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Summarize How STP works to EliminateLayer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Summarize How STP works to EliminateLayer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 12
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Summarize How STP works to EliminateLayer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
24576 or x4096below lowest BID
28672
Default priority:32768
Summarize How STP works to EliminateLayer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Summarize How STP works to EliminateLayer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Explain the role of the BPDU in STP
Summarize How STP works to EliminateLayer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16
Layer 2 Loops in a Converged Network
Describe the role of STP port states and BPDU timersin the operation of STP
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses ThreeSteps to Converge on a Loop Free Topology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 17
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Define convergence for a switched network andsummarize the 3 step process STP uses to create aloop free topology
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses ThreeSteps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Explain the STP decision sequence is used to elect aroot bridge for a network
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses ThreeSteps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Describe the process of electing a root port on a switch
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses ThreeSteps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 20
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Describe the process of electing designated ports andnon-designated ports on a switch
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses ThreeSteps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 21
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses ThreeSteps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 22
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
The port ID is appended to theport priority. For example, switch
port F0/2 has a default portpriority value of 112.2, where
112 is the configurable portpriority value, and .2 is the portID. (128 default)
Explain How the STP Algorithm Uses ThreeSteps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 23
Steps to Converge on a Loop-Free Topology
Cisco PortFast Technology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 24
Cisco PortFast Technology
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 25
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Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 27
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe the features of PVST+
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 28
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 29
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 30
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Describe the features of RSTP
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 31
Tree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 32
ee ( ap d S +) a
Describe RSTP edge ports
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 33
( p )
Describe the RSTP link types
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 34
( p )
Describe the RSTP port states and port roles
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 35
( p )
Describe how to configure rapid PVST+
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 36
( p )
Describe how to configure rapid PVST+
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 37
( p )
Describe how to design STP to avoid problems
Implement Rapid per VLAN SpanningTree (rapid PVST+) in a LAN
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 38
( p )
Describe how to identify and solve the key STPconfiguration issues
Summary
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 39
y
Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is used to prevent loopsfrom being formed on redundant networks
STP uses different port states & timers to logicallyprevent loops
There is at least one switch in a network that serves as
the root bridgeRoot bridge is elected using information found in BPDU frames
Root ports are determined by the spanning tree
algorithm and are closest to the root bridge
Summary
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 40
y
STP lengthy convergence time (50 seconds) facilitatedthe development of:
RSTP
convergence time is slightly over 6 seconds
Rapid PVST+
adds VLAN support to RSTP
is the preferred spanning-tree protocol on a Cisco switch
netowrk
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 41
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1
Implement Inter-VLAN Routing
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 6
Objectives
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2
Explain to the satisfaction of a qualified instructor hownetwork traffic is routed between VLANs in aconverged network.
Configure inter-VLAN routing on a router to enablecommunications between end-user devices onseparate VLANs
Troubleshoot common inter-VLAN connectivityissues.
Explain How Network Traffic is RoutedBetween VLANs in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3
Explain How Network Traffic is RoutedBetween VLANs in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4
Describe the routing options between VLANs
native
native
802.1q
Explain How Network Traffic is RoutedBetween VLANs in a Converged Network
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5
Describe the role of interfaces and subinterfaces insupporting inter-VLAN routing
native
802.1q
802.1q
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
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Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 8
Performance
-Because there is no contention for bandwidth on separatephysical interfaces, physical interfaces have better performancewhen compared to using subinterfaces.
-When subinterfaces are used for inter-VLAN routing, the trafficbeing routed competes for bandwidth on the single physical
interface. Access Ports and Trunk Ports
-Connecting physical interfaces for inter-VLAN routing requires
that the switch ports be configured as access ports.-Subinterfaces require the switch port to be configured as atrunk port so that it can accept VLAN tagged traffic on the trunklink.
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 9
Cost - financially, it is more cost-effective to usesubinterfaces over separate physical interfaces.Routers that have many physical interfaces cost morethan routers with a single interface. The same withswitches.
Complexity-Using subinterfaces for inter-VLAN routing results in a lesscomplex physical configuration than using separate physicalinterfaces, because there are fewer physical network cables
interconnecting the router to the switch.-On the other hand, using subinterfaces with a trunk port resultsin a more complex software configuration, which can bedifficult to troubleshoot.
Configure Inter-VLAN Routing
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10
Port Limits
-Physical interfaces are configured to have one interface perVLAN on the network. On networks with many VLANs, using asingle router to perform inter-VLAN routing is not possible.Routers have physical limitations that prevent them fromcontaining large numbers of physical interfaces.
-Subinterfaces allow a router to scale to accommodate moreVLANs than the physical interfaces permit. Inter-VLAN routingin large environments with many VLANs can usually be betteraccommodated by using a single physical interface with manysubinterfaces.
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLANConnectivity Issues
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11
When using the traditional routing model for inter-VLANrouting, ensure that the switch ports that connect to therouter interfaces are configured on the correct VLANs.
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLANConnectivity Issues
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 12
When you suspect that there is a problem with a switchconfiguration, use the various verification commands toexamine the configuration and identify the problem.
One of the most common inter-VLAN routerconfiguration errors is to connect the physical routerinterface to the wrong switch port, placing it on theincorrect VLAN and preventing it from reaching theother VLANs.
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLANConnectivity Issues
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13
Describe the common switch configuration Issues
VLANmismatch
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLANConnectivity Issues
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14
Describe the common IP Addressing Issues
WrongAddressSpace
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLANConnectivity Issues
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15
Describe the common IP Addressing Issues
Trunkproblem
Troubleshoot Common Inter-VLANConnectivity Issues
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16
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Summary
Router on a stick
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18
this is an inter-VLAN routing topology that uses router subinterfaces connected to a layer 2 switch.
Each Subinterface must be configured with:
An IP address
Associated VLAN number
Configuration of inter VLAN routing
Configure switch ports connected to router with correct VLAN
Configure each router subinterface with the correct IP address& VLAN ID
Verify configuration on switch and router
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE I Chapter 6 1
Configure a WirelessRouter
LAN Switching and Wireless Chapter 7
Objectives
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 2
Describe the components and operations of basicwireless LAN topologies.
Describe the components and operations of basicwireless LAN security.
Configure and verify basic wireless LAN access.
Configure and troubleshoot wireless client access.
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 3
Describe why wireless LANs are a popular choice forsmall business LAN implementations
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 4
Describe the 802.11 wireless standards
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 5
Describe the components of a 802.11-based wirelessinfrastructure
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 6
Describe how wireless networks operate
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Topologies
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 7
Describe how to plan a wireless LAN
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Security
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 8
Describe the threats to wireless LAN security
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Security
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 9
Describe the wireless protocols. The description willinclude a description of 802.1x, a comparison of WPAand WPA2 as well as comparison of TKIP and AES
Explain the Components and Operationsof Basic Wireless LAN Security
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 10
Describe how to secure a wireless LAN from the keysecurity threats
Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LANAccess
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 11
Configure a wireless access point
Configure and Verify Basic Wireless LANAccess
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Configure a wireless NIC
Configure and Troubleshoot WirelessClient Access
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 13
Describe how to solve access point firmware issues
Configure and Troubleshoot WirelessClient Access
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 14
Describe how to solve incorrect channel settings
Configure and Troubleshoot WirelessClient Access
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 15
Describe how to solve common RF interference issues
Configure and Troubleshoot WirelessClient Access
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 16
Describe how to correct antenna misplacement
Configure and Troubleshoot WirelessClient Access
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 17
Describe how to solve the common problemsassociated with wireless LAN encryption types
Configure and Troubleshoot WirelessClient Access
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 18
Describe how to solve authentication problemsassociated with wireless LANs
Summary
Wireless LANs se standards s ch as
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 19
Wireless LANs use standards such as
IEEE 802.11a
IEEE 802.11b
IEEE 802.11g
IEEE 802.11n
Basic Service setMobile clients use a single access point for connectivity
Extended service set
Multiple access point that share an SSID
Summary
WLAN security practices/methods include
MAC address filtering
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2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco PublicITE 1 Chapter 6 20
MAC address filtering
SSID making
Implementing WPA2
Configuration of wireless NIC and access point
Configure both of them the same way
SSID
Ensure that the latest firmware is installed
Troubleshooting WLANs include doing the following:
Check channel settingCheck for interference
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