Persian Wars

Explain what forces united the Greek city-statesIdentify :the impact of the Persian Wars on GreeceBattle of MarathonBattle of ThermopylaeBattle of SalamisBattle of PlateaDelian League

I can define:

Alliance

I Can….

How did the Greeks view non-Greeks?

Barbarians

Which Greek city-state was the wealthiest?

Athens

Which civilization had the largest empire?Persians The Ionian Greeks

rebel against Persian rule.

Athens send some ships to help.(Made Darius angry!!)

Persians greatly out number Greeks, but the Greeks are fighting for their homeland.

Persians retreat

Ionian Greeks in Asia Minor try to overthrow Persian rule.

Athens aids revolting cities“These ships were the beginning of

mischief both to the Greeks and to the barbarians” -Herodotus

Persians seek revenge – King Darius leads an invasion of Greece (491 BC)

“Master, remember the Athenians”

First Persian War (491-490 BC)Battle of Marathon

•Persian fleet lands at Marathon.•Amphibious Invasion (sea to land)•Athenians greatly outnumbered by Persian army•Broke through lines, fought hand to hand

•Forces:Athenians = 10,000 + 1,000 PlataensPersians = 20,000 – 60,000 Infantry, 1000

Cavalry

Battle of MarathonPhidippides runs to

Athens, 26.2 miles away,

cries out “Rejoice we are victorious!”

“NIKE!, NIKE!, NIKE!”

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=geR3BrcWSt0

Then….collapses and dies.

This made Darius so mad, that he invades Greece.

Second Persian War (480-479 BC)Battle of Thermopylae

Leaders Persian King XerxesSecond Persian War

(480-479 BC)Battle of ThermopylaeSpartan Leonidas

Athenian Themistocles

Athenians/Spartans combined together with 29 other city-states under leadership of Sparta

**Battle of Thermopylae****Xerxes-Darius’s son

takes over after Darius’s death.

Sends a large army to defeat the Greeks.

Land at Thermoplylae a small mountain pass.

**Persians defeat the Greeks.***

A Greek traitor showed the Persians a weak spot in the Greek army.

Double-envelopment/double pincer strategy

Greeks Victorious6,400 Persians die 192 Athenians die

Athenians march to Athens to prevent Persian landing.

Themistocles urged Athenians to build fleet of warships and prepare for Persians return

Here they defended themselves to the last, such as still had swords using them, and the others resisting with their hands and

teeth, til the barbarians who now encircled them upon every side, overwhelmed and buried the remnant that was left beneath

the showers of missile weapons”

-Herodotus

Aftermath of Thermopylae

ThermopylaeSpartans hold pass long enough for Greeks to retreat,

defending it to the last man – moral victory300 Spartans die and most Greek allies20,000 Persians die

“A Spartan leaves the field with his shield or upon it”Held off Persians long enough for Athenians to

evacuate to Salamis before Athens is burned.

What About 300?

Background is trueRoots in the History of HerodotusThe Spartans did NOT fight aloneSpartans portrayed fairly accurateNo Monsters!The Immortals were real Persian soldiersP.S. You are still too young to see this movie!

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HdNn5TZu6R8

Battle of Salamis (480 B.C.)

Athenians use their navy to lure Persian ships into the narrow straits of Salamis

Battle of Salamis: Persian Defeat Greek used underwater battering rams

on their ships to sink Persian ships

Speed, maneuverability of Greek ships and knowledge of the waters

Battle of PlataeSpartans defeat the

Persians and force them out of Greece.

Greeks felt that the gods had protected them.

End of WarsPersia invades and

burns AthensAthenians had

already fled the city.Lure the Persians to

a narrow strait of Salamis

Athenian rowers drove into Persian boats with battering rams

Fleet was defeated

Delian LeagueAthens forms

alliances with 150 other city states

Each state contributes ships, soldiers, and money

Athens richest, so they dominate.

Use the money to rebuild Athens.

Explain what forces united the Greek city-states—Nationalism against Persia Identify the impact of the Persian Wars on Greece— Unified Greek city states Battle of Marathon--- Greeks defeat Persians Battle of Thermopylae--- Xerxes defeats the Greeks Battle of Salamis--- naval battle won by Athens Battle of Platea— Sparta defeats Persia Delian League— Athens and her allies

I can define:

Alliance--- groups who agree to work together

I Can….