Expertise of CIRAD-UMR Qualisud for aflatoxin control in Africa

Expertise of CIRAD-UMR QualisudExpertise of CIRAD-UMR Qualisud

for aflatoxin control in Africafor aflatoxin control in Africa

Centre for international cooperation in agronomic research for development

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Status & budget

Public industrial and commercial enterprise (EPIC) under the joint authority of :

-Ministry of National Education, Higher Education and Research-Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Development

Annual budget of 197 million euros in 2014, with two thirds provided by the French government

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Mandate

− Works for the sustainable development of tropical and Mediterranean regions

− Contributes to the debate on the main global issues concerning agriculture, food and rural territories

• Targeted research for development Bases its operations on development needs, from field to laboratory and from a local to a global scale

• Training and knowledge sharing

CIRAD is also a major player in talks between Europe and the South4

• A staff of 1650, including 800 researchers

• 3 scientific departments

• 34 research units

Organization

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Researchers assigned to 40 countries

Collaborative projects in 90 countries

Partnership

545 staff based outside metropolitan France in 2014, abroad mainly in sub-Saharan Africa

CIRAD has a global network of partners and of 12 regional offices, from which it conducts joint operations with more than 90 countries

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12 regional offices abroad and in the French overseas regions

Réunion - Mayotte

West Indies-French Guiana

Ile de France

Languedoc-Roussillon

Continental Southeast Asia

Southeast Asian

islands

East and Southern Africa

Continental West Africa

Coastal West Africa

Central Africa

Madagascar

Brazil

Mediterranean

Partnership

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Objective:Develop an integrated approach for the production and preservation of food with optimal sanitary, organoleptic and nutritional qualities

Team 2: «Team 2: «Control of contaminants in the food chainControl of contaminants in the food chain» »

5 research teams

Prevention and control of mycotoxins in foods

Joint Research Unit “Integrated approach for producing quality food”

Six scientific actions Action 4: “Prevention of microbial hazards and mycotoxins by biological Action 4: “Prevention of microbial hazards and mycotoxins by biological and technological treatments”and technological treatments” 8

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Competences (microbiology, ecology, and molecular biology) and infrastructure/equipment necessary to lead the aspects relating to the study of microorganisms (diversity, dynamics…), including food pathogens, by using classical microbiological methods and molecular technics.

• Laboratory of microbiology classified P2 for the counting, isolation, purification, characterization and conservation of microorganisms

•Laboratory of molecular biology (DNA extraction, PCR-DGGE, qPCR…)

Well-equipped laboratory for mycotoxin analysis by chromatographic methods: HPLC with detectors of fluorimetry, UV and DAD, LC-MS/MS

Collaboration with African countries

• Benin• Burkina Faso• Cameroon• Côte d’Ivoire• Egypt• Ghana• Guinea• Mali• Morocco• Senegal• South Africa• Tunisia

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Improve knowledge and develop tools for prevention and control of mycotoxins in food chains

Mycotoxin prevention and control in foods

• Identify and understand the critical points and factors for fungal growth and toxin production along the production chain, based on a HACCP approach

Determination of the prevalence of mycotoxins in pre- and post-harvest, as well as of the biotic and abiotic factors critical for their production

Including:− Characterization and understanding of the microbial ecosystems

(biodiversity, dynamics, interactions...) − Identification of toxigenic flora, study of their occurrence and conditions

of growth and toxin production

R&D activities

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• Develop and evaluate pre- and post-harvest measures to prevent and control mycotoxigenic fungi and toxin production, taking into account the technological, socio-economic and environmental context

Mycotoxin prevention and control in foodsR&D activities

Patent EP 1631148 A1 filed in June 2004 “Elicitor from extracts of Trigonella foenum-gracum for the treatment of plant pathogens. Use and product manufacturing method”

In particular biocontrol treatments as alternative measures to chemical treatments−Screening and testing of biocontrol agents at laboratory and large scales (in field and pilot reactor)−Understanding the modes of action and impact of the biocontrol agents on host plant response, fungal ecosystem, mycotoxin production and biosynthesis pathway

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Study models for biocontrol

GrapesCoffeeCocoaCereals

WineCoffeeCocoa

African fermented cereal-based foods

Ochratoxin AAflatoxins, Fumonisins…

CompetitionFungiYeasts

Bacteria

Degradation / AdsorptionLactic acid bacteria (LAB)

YeastsFungal spores

Pre-harvest treatments Fermentation processes

ElicitationMicroorganismsActive molecules


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Fresh fruit conservationProcessing / Decontamination

Control of technical itineraries and

storage conditions

Fruits : Apple

Grapes

DryingStorageRoasting

Study models in post-harvest treatments

New technologies

Process control & optimization

Dried fruitsCereals

Coffee/Cocoa

Essential oils/ Radiation


Ochratoxin AAflatoxins, Patulin, Fumonisins, DON…

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Pre-harvest (GAP)

Post-harvest: drying, storage, processing

(GHP, GMP, GSP)

SOCIO-ECONOMICAL, ENVIRONMENTAL & TECHNICAL CONTEXT

Farmers SMEs & CooperativesTraders

R&D institutesPublic & regulatory authoritiesNGO

CC

P

CC

P

CC

P

Compliance with international standards & EU regulations

Environmentalprotection

Farmer & consumerhealth


LOCAL CONSUMPTION

REGIONAL TRADE

EXPORT MARKET

HUMAN FOOD

ANIMALFEEDING

DERIVED FOODSTUFFmeat, milk, eggs...

Traders

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FSMS = GP + HACCP

• Develop and/or validate methods for the determination of mycotoxins − Develop and validate chromatographic methods− Validate simple and rapid methods

• Promote the adoption of good production practices through the training of key stakeholders (producers, industries ...), including the elaboration of guidelines


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Service delivery in mycotoxin analysisIn particular for the private sector

Consultancy Within the framework of BTSF, EDES, CDE programs/projects…

Mycotoxin prevention and control in foodsOther key activities

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Past projects on aflatoxin control

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EU project Groundnut-Aflatoxin - FP5 (2001-2005), CIRAD coordinationNew tools for groundnut aflatoxin control in the Sahel regions of AfricaAfrican partners: Senegal (CERAAS-ISRA-ENSA) Mali (IER-ICRISAT)

Based on the recommendations of the Safenut project, revision of The Codex Alimentarius Code of Practice for the prevention and reduction of aflatoxin contamination in tree nuts - Additional Measures for Brazil nuts (CAC / RCP 59-2005, Revision 2010).

WTO/STDF 114 Safenut project (2006-2008), CIRAD coordinationValidation and transfer to the key stakeholders of a sustainable and effective aflatoxin management system in the Brazil nut production chain for recovering and consolidating export markets, particularly in Europe

Past projects on aflatoxin control

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EU project INCO-DEV Mycotox - FP5 (2003-2006), CIRAD coordination Development of a Food Quality Management System (FQMS) for the Control of Mycotoxins in Cereal Production and Processing Chains in Latin America South Cone Countries

Overall objective: improve the competitiveness of domestically and internationally traded cereals by controlling the occurrence of mycotoxins (including aflatoxins) in maize and wheat products used as human food and animal feed

•Generated technical and socio-economic data fully integrated into HACCP plans and the associated pre-requisite GAP to elaborate the final architecture of an efficient FQMS, adapted to each local context and helpful for the cereal stakeholders and decision makers •Application of HACCP to the whole agri-food chain including stakeholders, and the full integration of socio-economic and technical inputs successfully demonstrated.

On-going projects on aflatoxin control

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EuropeAid project 3CIvoire (2011-2014) / Bilateral cooperation France-Côte d’Ivoire (2013-2016), CIRAD coordinationStudy of mycotoxin contamination (including aflatoxins) in the cereal (rice, maize) and oilseed (peanut) products most consumed in Côte d’Ivoire with a view to improving preventive and control methodsAfrican partners: INP-HB, University of Nangui Abrogoua

• Multi-mycotoxin occurrence in rice, corn and peanut products collected in the main markets of Abidjan, Bouaké and Korhogo

• Identification of the critical points and factors for fungal growth and toxin production along the production chain most contaminated (peanut paste), in order to determine preventive measures

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Bilateral cooperation France-Burkina Faso (2014-2016), CIRAD co-coordinationStudy of mycotoxin contamination (including aflatoxins) in local cereal-based flours for infants in Burkina Faso African partner: University of Ouagadougou

Bilateral cooperation France-Tunisia (2015-2017), UMR Qualisud/UM co-coordinationMycotoxins (including aflatoxins) and toxigenic fungi in millet in Tunisia: occurrence and biocontrolAfrican partners: CBBC

On-going projects on aflatoxin control

Bilateral cooperation France-Senegal (2016-2018), CIRAD co-coordinationMycotoxins (aflatoxins and OTA) and toxigenic fungi in sorghum in SenegalAfrican partners: ESP et FST /UCAD, ITA

Some key issues for AF control in AfricaSome key issues for AF control in Africa

Understand fungal growth & AF production along the production chain

Develop/validate/adapt to local context preventive and control measures

in pre- and post-harvest

Appropriation & adoption of the AF management system by the private sector

Promoting good practice implementation (GAP, GHP, GMP, GSP, HACCP)

Identification of critical points & factors

Sampling and analytical methods for AF surveillance & monitoring

Based on existing knowledge and preventive/control measures already tested and validated

Nevertheless, needs still exist to confirm critical points & factors, to test and validate technical procedures/equipment adapted to the local context,

develop simple and rapid analytical methods

Crucial Point: preparation of representative samples

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Applied & participative research actions focusing on:

• Preventive measures instead of curative by limiting the risk at each stage from the field to consumption

• Sustainable measures : cost-effective & environmentally friendly (use of alternatives to chemicals, renewable energy…)

• Constraints and strategies for the adoption of an AF management systemEvaluation of the cost/benefit of preventive measures, promoting incentives…

Contribution to innovation dissemination and education for AF awareness

• Training in good practices for the private sector

• Strengthening laboratory and surveillance capacities

• Promoting information and communication to encourage political support and policies

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• Integrated approach, from farm to forkLimit the risks of AF contamination along the food chain as they are at each step

• Concerted effort of all actors along the food production chainPrivate sector (farmers, industries…), R&D institutes, public and regulatory authorities, NGO, Civil Society Organizations… Need for adequate social organization & coordination between chain actors

• Multidisciplinary approachIn particular by integrating technical, socio-economical and environmental aspects to develop a sustainable AF management system

• In coordination with other projects/activities, as platform for complementary actions

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http://umr-qualisud.cirad.fr/

For more information

http://www.cirad.fr/

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Expertise of CIRAD-UMR Qualisud for aflatoxin control in Africa

Presentations & Public Speaking

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