Experimental Tests of
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, Aachen
Experimental Tests of
Peter SchleperUniversity of Hamburg
European Conference on High Energy PhysicsAachen, July 17, 2003
Many thanks to: C.Berger, S.Bethke, A.Bhatti, R.Galik, V.Jain, H.Jung, M.Klein, T.Kluge, M.Martinez, P.Newman, R.Nisius, T.Schoerner, H.Stenzel, A.Tapper, T.Wengler, M.Wobisch, P.Zerwas, …, session speakers and organizers.
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenPerturbative approach to QCD
QCD: SU(3) gauge theory• non abelian, self-interacting gluons, strong ! running coupling
• extremely rich phenomenology
• short distances: s small perturbative calculations
• factorisation of short (pert.) and long (non-pert.) scales
A.Bhatti
QCD predictions:•hard inter. (N)NLO•Scale dependences: s(Q2), f(x,Q2)
Precision achievable / needed ?
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenBenchmarks for Precision QCD
as determinations: how good ?
Alpha_s figure
Standard Model Supersymmetry
Zoom into SUSY
Highest possible precision is vital !
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenBenchmarks for Precision QCD
Comparison NLO / NNLOHiggs production at LHC
Discoveries depend on •input parton distributions•higher order calculations•non-pert. effectsfor signal and background
The high energy frontier:Decade of Hadron colliders: Tevatron,HERA,LHC
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenWhat’s New ?
Better Theory• Fixed order: NLO NNLO• All orders: resummed calculations• factorisation theorems
New Data
• LEP: close to final precision• HERA I: close to final High Q2 data
• Tevatron: first Run II data
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenEvent Shapes at LEP
Event shapes: thrust, jet broadening, 3-jet parameter, C parameter, jet massNew results from LEP1,2, rad events (L3)
e+
e- Z/*q
qg
s
Cleanest measurements for s at LEP: (Z hadr.), decays
NLO resummed calculationsEnergy dependence,corrected for hadronisation with MC
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenEvent Shapes at LEP
New LEP average for s
Refined treatment of correlated errors
Running of s
Still: cleanest measurements for s at LEP: (Z hadr.), decays
prel.largest error: scale uncert.
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenPower Corrections at LEP
Dokshitzer-Webber ansatz:
0 = effective s below
approx. for hadronisation
shapes well described
Fit to mean values Fit to shapes
s = 0.1207 no consistent s
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenEvent Shapes at HERA
New: • resummed calculations• fits to both means and shapes
(H1)NLO + PC NLO + NLL NLO + NLL + PC
Jet Broadening
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenEvent Shapes at HERA
All event shapeswell described byNLO + NLL + PC
Old result without resummation
Fit to shapes
Resummation + power correction very successful at HERA
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenProton Structure
many unknowns: uv, dv, us, ds, s, gmany processes: DIS,Drell-Yan,Tevatron
Predictions depend on•QCD evolution•PDF’s at low Q2
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, Aachen
Deep Inelastic Scattering• Neutral Current:• low Q2: q+q• high Q2: e-p – e+p ~
q-q• Charged Current:• e+p: u+c + (1-y2)
(d+s)
-
--
--
Quark densitieshighsea,g
xQ2
xx
q+q-
q-q-
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenGluon density
HERA: Scaling violations,
FL ,charm
Tevatron: Jets Slope ~s g(x,Q2)
ET
gg
qg
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenTevatron Jets
•Run I: 100 pb-1
•Run II: 200 pb-1 recorded• first prelim. results CDF: 85 pb**-1, D0: 34 pb**-1
Jet algorithms:Run I: cone, KT (D0)RUN II: also modified cone algor: midpoint algor.: additional seed allowed between found jets (P recomb. scheme, instead E)
CDF cone
D0 KT
differences cone/ KT due to hadr. corrections
Run I
gluon density not constrained at high x
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenTevatron Run II: D0
Jet-Jet mass
Inclusive jetsdi-jet mass
Calor. Energy scale error dominates
midpoint algor.
PT
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenTevatron Run II: CDF incl.
cone algor. from Run I
(PT,)
Run II / Run I
5% E-scale
PDF error
close to Run I quality
gethigh xgluon
search
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenParton Density fits
QCD fits to parton densities
•Fit only inclusive DIS data: theoretically clean (H1,ZEUS,Alekhin)
•Global fits: inclusive DIS, DY, Tevatron: jets, W/Z
more constraints (CTEQ,MRST,…)
Zeus/H1:fit to only HERA data !
similar precisionas global fits
guv
dv
Sea
U
D
G
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenGluon Density: Charm at HERA
depends inLO on gluon
agrees with ZEUS NLO QCD fit
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenGluon Density: FL
• NLO: contribution from gluons to FL
HERA IIIlow EP run
H1
xx
FLFL
very sensitive: disfavors MRST
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenMultijet: LEP 4-jet
• Aleph 4 jet rate and angular correlations
• NLO + resummed (small scale variation)
s = 0.1170+-0.0001(stat)+-0.0013(sys)
Colour factors
Very small scale error ! Accidental ?
Different error treatment: syst: 0.0022
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenPhoton Structure from LEP
Albino, Klasen & Soldner Rembold, hep-ph/0205069
Scale dependence of -structure
Jet production (OPAL)
Confirmation of partonic deconvolutionof
from R. Nisius
Q2 ET
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenL3: at high PT
full LEP II data: access to very high PT particles/jets
earlier reported: excess in 0
New: +,- New: incl.jet data
Huge effect:needsconfirmation by other experiments
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenJets in -p: HERA
full HERA I luminosityFuture: high x gluon ~ c.f.Tevatron
-PDF & NLO describes data
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, Aachens global
Bethke 2002s from QCD fits
s from hadr. processses
Very impressive success of QCD
Limited everywhere by missing higher orders
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenHigher Order Calculations
Drell Yan at NNLO
NNLO: building blocks known/calculatedFirst results for DIS, Drell-Yan, Higgs,..Within 1 ? year: 3 jets at LEP, 2-jet pp, 2-jet DIS the only way to precise s, H
Monte Carlo: (the experimentalists view)Since ~5 years: 22,3,4 processes, LO+PSNeeded: NLO + PS for unfolding data !Better: NLO + NLL + PS the only way to precise data
Both need strong support from the community !
State of the art:•data unfolded with LO+PS monte carlo•results compared to NLO (+NLL) + hadr.cor.(LO+PS monte carlo)
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenHiggs Production at LHC
Benchmark test for status of QCD calculations
Higher orders Parton densities
uncertainty ~ 10 % uncertainty ~ 10 %
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenBeauty & Charm Production
Beauty: Problem for QCD ?
• Tevatron: data/theory ~3
• HERA: data/theory ~3• LEP-data/theory ~ 3Charm:• Tevatron slightly high• HERA and LEP- ~o.k.•2 (3) scale problem: Mb, PTb, (Q2)
•HERA/LEP- : Mb ~ PTb small,
Experimentally difficult: S/B ~ 1000
•B as part of gamma structure ?
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, Aachen
Charm & Beauty at Tevatron
CDF: charm, 5.8 pb-1, but new silicon trigger
theory factor 1.7 low
Nason & Cacciari hep-ph/0306212
New D0 silicon tracker
first beauty results from Run II
LO
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenBeauty at Tevatron
Previous excess partially explained by: resummation of ln(PT/Mb) data: jet with b theory: b only
Now: data/theory ~ 1.6
Exclusive B Production
Update to more recentfragmentation functions
Now: data/theory ~ 1.7
Problem partially solved
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenBeauty at HERA
• Exp difficult: low PT jets, S/B ~ 1000• Comparison data/theorie• Former: extrapolation of data to parton level and full phase space with LO+PS monte carlo• Now: data as is, apply hadronisation corr. to NLO in
visible phase space
Deep inelastic
Now agreement with NLO
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenBeauty at HERA
Photoproduction
Data still slightly above NLO, but main effect found:LO+PS differs from NLO invisible part of PS.
b
b
b
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, Aachen
Charm & Beauty in at LEP
New data• L3: full LEP 2 data• Delphi: first analysis (K in
RICH)
Confirmationof previousresults
•Charm o.k., beauty low•no explanation yet
Direct Process
Single resolved process
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenParton Dynamics
DGLAP factorisation: integrated over trans. momentum f(x,Q2) expected to fail when Q~KT
un-integrated PDFs: f(x,Q2,KT) BFKL,CCFM evolution
Selection: 2jets, unbalance
NLO 3jNLO 2j
Important at low –xHigh parton density
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenLow – x physics: LEP
** scattering: • 2 hard scales• test case for BFKL
dynamics
L3
OPAL
Q2 to 10Q2 for LO, Q2 to 4Q2 for NLO
BFKL in LO
BFKL in NLO
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenDiffraction: factorization
Hard scattering: Q2 largeFactorisation in diffract. PDF and partonic
No colourexchange from Proton Soft QCD ?
should follow DGLAP QCD evolution with Q2
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenDiffraction in NLO QCD
NLO QCD fits toincl dataSame as in standard QCD fits to DIS
PDF(x,Q2) for fixed Proton momentum
Large gluon contribution
Use diffr. PDF to predict jet) , (charm)
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenDiffraction in NLO QCD
•NLO QCD fit to inclusive data describes jet and charm•successful test of hard scattering factorisation
Jets Charm
Current state: ~ all hard diffractive processes at HERAare described by NLO QCD
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenSkewed partons
e.g.: DVCS (deeply virtual compton scattering) correlation between
initial quarks and gluons
NLO successful
Factorisation for large Q2
f(x1,x2,Q2)
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenSpin Parton Distributions
proton spin: ½ = ½ ( uv + dv +qsea ) + g + Lq + Lg
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenSpin Parton Distributions
NLO QCD fit
Compass Experiment: data taking started 2002• first results on particle production• gluon density from *g cc X … soon
Next: Gluon distribution
well determined: u, d
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenPentaquarks: I
LEPS: n K- K+ n hep-ex/0301020
beam up to 2.4 GeV• Mass(K+ n) from K- recoil• background from
comparison n and p
Evidence from 3 experiments: LEPS,DIANA,CLAS
DIANA: K+ n K0 p hep-ex/0304040
In Xe bubble chamber• Mass(K+ n) from K- recoil
Claim: 4.6 evidenceM(K0p)
Claim: 4.4 evidence
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenPentaquarks: 2
CLAS: d K+ K- p n
Claim 5.8 observation
3 experiments taken together: •Observation of a new state (although size of effect in each
experiment can be debated) mass consistent: 1540 + 10 MeVwidth smaller than exp. resolution (10…20 MeV)
Interpretation:Bound system of uudds-
Related to di-baryon, 4-quark states
-
1.Constituent Quark Model2.Chiral symmetry breaking:• Prediction from Diakonov, Petrov,Polyakov: • decuplet of strange 5-quark systems
M=1530 MeV , < 15 MeV hep-ph/9703373
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Peter SchleperExp. Tests of QCDEPS 2003, AachenConclusion
s: higher orders vital
• Now: uncert. ~ 3 %• NNLO: 1-2 % possible
Overall: QCD is in excellent shape
Beauty puzzle:• Tevatron and HERA slighty
high, but much better with new calculations/observables
• Lecture for LEP ?
Ready for LHC ?not quite, but Tevatron RUN II, HERA II, THEORY…
Parton distributions:• pp H: uncert. 10 %• Requires new data from Tevatron/DY/HERA L3
• Huge excess seen, needs to be confirmedMuch progress in resummat.,
power corr., diffraction, spin, …