Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Un Filled and Rough Rock
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T
AD .............................................................................................................................
1. D................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1 B ....................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 O ........................................................................................................................................... 2
2. A D ............................................................................................................................. 3
2.1 I ...................................................................................................................................... 3
2.2 B ............................................................................................... 3
2.2.1 F .................................................................................................. 3
2.2.2 S .................................................................................................................. 5
2.3 P .............................................................................................. 5
2.3.1 C ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.3.2 P (1966) .......................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.3 L A (1970) ............................................................................................. 6
2.3.4 B (1977) (1997,) ........................................................................................... 7
2.3.5 M (1992 & 1996) ...................................................................................................... 7
2.3.6 K (1995) ..................................................................................................................... 7
2.3.7 G (2001) ....................................................................................................................... 8
2.3.8 R ..................................................................................................... 8
3. A D .......................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 I ...................................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 P ............................................................................................................................. 9
3.3 S ............................................................................................................... 10
3.4 P ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 T ............................................................................................................................ 12
3.6 M ............................................................................................................................. 13
3.7 F ....................................................................................................... 15
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4. A ................................................................................................................................. 18
4.1 I .................................................................................................................................... 18
4.2 T ..................................................................................................................................... 18
4.3 A ........................................................................................................... 20
4.4 T ................................................................................................................................... 21
4.5 T ................................................................................................................................ 23
4.6 T ...................................................................................................................................... 27
4.7 A ............................................................................................................................ 32
4.7.1 N ....................................................................................................... 32
4.7.2 I ........................................................................................................ 32
4.8 E JCS S .................................................................................. 34
5. A A .......................................................................................................................... 35
5.1 I .................................................................................................................................... 35
5.2 S ................................................................................................................... 36
5.3 P ................................................................................................... 38
5.3.1 C ..................................................................................................... 38
5.3.2 C ...................................................................................................... 40
6. A AA ................................................................................................................... 43
6.1 I .................................................................................................................................... 43
6.2 A ............................................................................................................ 43
6.3 A ....................... 45
6.3.1 R S 1 .............................................................................................................. 45
6.3.2 R S 2 .............................................................................................................. 46
6.3.3 R S 3 .............................................................................................................. 47
6.4 A ................................................................................................................... 49
6.5 F ......................................................................................................... 51
7. ................................................................................................................................... 52
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T
8. ...................................................................................................................................... 53
AD
A. R LDT .................................................................................................. I
B. T ............................................................... III
C. G .......................... ...................... ............. I
D. G ..................................................
E. F ............................................................... II
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T
AD
F, I F J; .
S, I CL, LT S S
.
F, E STEN AB
.
T "S H C SC". SC
S E A, E S K
L T, T R I T, C
T . ..
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C 1 I
1
1 D
1.1
R . T ,
(P, 1966). T
. T
. T
. I
. R ,
, . O
. R
, . I , I
.
O . I
. T
. I ,
. T
. I
.
I ,
. T . O
. E
. A
. E
(JRC), (JCS) . I
. A
. T
.
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E
2
1.2
T ,
. T
. T
. T
, ,
. T , ,
. M
.
A , . T
. T
, . T
.
I , I J (2009)
. T J(2009).
H, . M
. T
, .
T . T
. T
. T
. T
.
I I . I I . I , I
J(2009). T
. C
. T
.
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C 2 L
3
2 A D
2.1
A ,
. T
. T , ,
.
T . E ,
. T
.
I , ;
. A, .
2.2
2.2.1 &
T .
, . T . T
A C. T
:
A' :T .
A' : T
.
' :K .
I , . I
T (1925) B T (1950 1964).
T :
A ,
.
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E
4
C
. T
.
T . T
:
= (2.1) .
T , ..
. T (2.1)
A . T
.
T :
= (2.2)
.
B (2.1) (2.2) :
= (2.3)
. I . T :
= tan (2.4)
I
.
M
. I . T
. A
. I ,
(G (1966) L T (1986)).
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C 2 L
5
2.2.2
A . I
. I . I
, . T .
I . M . T
B
(1973) JRC, . O
.
A
. T (RMS) (CLA) (T 1982). I , ,
, , (SF),
() () (P 1996).L, , M
(1983); B S (1985); F (2003). T
. S
.
I . T
(M 1990).
2.3
T
.
2.3.1
C
. I C. I :
= (2.5) , . I :
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E
6
= tan (2.6)
. T , C,
.
2.3.2 (1)
P . H
. H
:
= tan+ (2.7)
. I . P . I
. T :
= c+ tan (2.8) c .
2.3.3 (10)
A L A (1970)
. T :
= (2.9):
: P : E : A : S : B : D = arctan
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C 2 L
7
.
2.3.4 (1) (1 ,)
A B C (1977)
. I
. I JRCJCS . T :
= tan log + (2.10)
,
.
JRC 0 20,
0 20 .
JCS
.
(1997 ,) B . H
JMC . JMC
0 1 0 1 .
2.3. (12 1)
M (1996)
. T :
= tan + /1+ (2.11) , . T .
.
2.3. (1)
K (1995) . I
. T :
= + log + (2.12) I , . ,
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E
8
. SRP
.
2.3. (2001)
G (2001)
. H .
T ATM A T S.
T G (2001) . I :
= tan 1 + (2.13) : = + (2.14) : = . 1 (2.15) .T . I .
= (2.16) .2.3.
I , . T
. T (
). T
, .
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C 3 C
9
3 A D
3.1
I , J (2009) . T
. T
: , , , . E
. T
.
3.2
T
, . T .S := + (3.1)T (P
(1966)). I
. T . T
. F
.
F , . F, . T . T
. T
. T
. A
30 .
A
. I L A (1970), B (1973) B . (1981).
P (1966), F (1990) G (2001)
. I , ,
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E
10
. T , ,
.
A J (2009),
, .. 30, . 30
. T
70.
T . T
:
=
tan (3.2)
.C (3.1) (3.2) :
= tan+ (3.3)3.3
I . T
, ,
. T
. I ,
, .
I . L
.
T , . T
,
(M 1983). R ,
.
F ,
:
= (3.4)
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C 3 C
11
H H A . T
:
= (3.5) . T . T . H 1
.
H, H , ,
. T
() .
= tan (3.6)
3.4 A
T G (2001). I ,
. H
. T
, G, ,. T , :, = (3.7) , G 0.5 . C .T
. I 3.1. T
. A
.
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E
12
3.1
T
.
I
. T
3.5
T
T
T
=
. T,
.
.
. T
:
, .
( 2006)
.. I
. C
. T
.
(3.8)
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C 3 C
13
T
. T :
, = (3.9)C (3.8) (3.9) :
, = (3.10)A :
(3.11)
C (3.10) (3.11):
, = (3.12)T . F :
, = (3.13)3.6
M
.
A .
I . I
:
3.2 A
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14
A
. I . I
:
L , , L , ,
3.3 A
I , ,
.
A , :
(3.14)T
. A , :
(3.15) . T
:
(3.16) , . H . C (3.15) (3.16) :
(3.17)
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C 3 C
15
. T
.
J (2009) ,
:
( (3.18) .
T
. T (3.18)
. I , =0 .
O , ( )
. T
. T (3.18)
. I , =1
.
I .
, :
(3.19) , 2 2 .3.7
A , J (2009)
. B, .
1 :
t(+ (3.3)2 :
(3.5)
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16
3 :
t( (3.6)4 : ( (3.7)5 :
, = (3.13)6 :,= , (3.18)T , J(2009),
. (3.7) (3.13) :
= 10 (3.20)C (3.5), (3.6) (3.20),
:
,=0,5 tan 10
(3.21)
C (3.5), (3.6), (3.18) (3.21),
:
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C 3 C
17
rt 2 5 t 10
(3.22)
E (3.22) :
= 10 (3.23)E (3.23) J(2009) . T
5.
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E
18
4 A
4.1
I ,
J (2009) . T
. E
.
T L T. T
280 280
ISRM (ISRM 1981).
4.2
T E S AB. E
251414 20 . I ,
. H,
. T 4
. A ,
. F , 1, 2 3. A ,
T 4.1.
4.1 .
() ()
1 10.40 10.15
2 12.52 11.51
3 13.71 12.93
T
. P F 4.1.
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C 4 S
19
4.1 .
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E
20
4.3 A
B ,
. I
. S 1 , S 2
S 3 .
4.2
250 . ( (2009)).
A , . A,
.
A F 4.2, , =0 =0.6
=0.6 =1.0
. C, =0, =0.4,
=0.75 1, 2 3 . T F 4.8.
,
. T 35 . S, .
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C 4 S
21
A, ,
. T :
(3.19) 2 0.5 = 2 120 .
T 4.2
:
4.2 .
D ()
()
, ()1 0 30 65 0
2 0.4 22.5 57.5 5
3 0.75 15 50 30
T , . I E (3.19). F S 1,
, . ,=0. H, T 4.2, 5 30 S 2 S 3 .I , 3 MP . I 0.1 /
5 .
4.4
D , . T
3 MP .
T . F S 1,
. H,
2 3.
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22
I F 4.3, . T 0.5 3
2 3 . T .
10 .40
10 .15
0.50
12 .02
11 .51
3.00
10 .71
12 .93
S A M P L E 1 S A M P L E 2 S A M P LE 3
4.3 ().
T , 3 MP.
T 4.3 :
4.3 .
() () A (2) ()
1 10.40 10.15 105.56 31.72 12.02 11.51 138.35 41.5
3 10.71 12.93 138.48 41.5
T
. A
. T ,
. T
. F 4.4 S 1.
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C 4 S
23
4.4 . 1.
I 21.5
. T
. I 8 N 1 3 8.5 N
S 2. T T 4.4.
4.4 .
() A () ()
1 31.7 8 39.72 41.5 8.5 50
3 41.5 8 49.5
4.5
T 500 N
. A F 4.5.
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
21.25 21.00 21.00 20.02 19.93 21.03 21.62 21.84
(
)
()
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24
4.5
T F 4.6,
4.6 ( (2009)) (0)
(1) , (2) , (3) , (4) , (5)
, (6) & (7) , (8) ( . 2005)
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C 4 S
25
4.7 ( . 2005)
T LDT (L D T)
. T 4 LDT, .
S 5 0.1
/. D 0.5
0.0017 /.
T :
1. C .
2. P .
3. A
. T .
4. A (2 3 N),
.
5. LDT .
6. A .
7. A .
8. S .
T 3 F 4.8.
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26
4.8 1(), 2() 3 () .
2 3 .
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C 4 S
27
4.6
T T 4.5. T
,
, , , , , N , .T . T
. T
(4.1)
rt
(4.1)
. T 0.1 . T LDT. T
. T , 0 5 .T 4.5 . G F 4.9 F 4.14. I
F 4.15 . T
LDT A A.
4.5 1, 2 3.
()
()
,()
()
()
()
()
,()
1 2.28 5.35 0.84 66.88 13.96 39.76 36.82 1.11
2 2.39 2.60 3.96 47.31 5.0 41.99 13.55 0.54
3 2.42 3.33 4.63 54.02 0.61 43.64 15.43 4.95
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28
4.9 (
4.10
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 1
A()
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1
)
.
2 3
D ()
2 3
D ()
1.
1.
4 5
N
D
T
4 5
S L (N)
N L (N)
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4.11 (
4.12
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 1
A()
0
10
20
30
40
0 1
)
.
2 3
D ()
2 3
D ()
C 4 S
29
2.
2.
4 5
N
D
T
4 5
S L (N)
N L (N)
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4.13 (
4.14
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1
A()
0
10
20
30
40
50
0 1
)
.
2 3
()
2 3
()
3.
3.
4 5
N
D
T
4 5
S L (N)
N L (N)
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C 4 S
31
4.15 .
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32
4.7 A
I ,
.
4..1
I
. F S 1 ,
39.7 N 24 N . T
.A , 2.3 2.4 MP
3 MP .
F S 3, 30 . ,
LDT . T LDT
. A ,
LDT 2 3. T
3.
I S 1 3
. T .
4..2
T 4.6 F 4.16 . I
S 1 , .
T S 2 3 ,
LDT S 3.
4.6 .
A A 1 66.9 36.8
2 47.3 13.6
3 54 15.4
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C 4 S
33
4.16 .
R S 1, F 4.9
. I . T
. I
0.2 1 . T
.
R S 2, F 4.11
. A 4 . I
,
. H,
. T S 2
5 .
R S 3, F 4.13 3 . A LDT,
. T S 2
. H .
I ,
.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
A()
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34
4.8 E C
S JCS, ,
B C (1977). T
S R F 4.17.
4.17 .
T .
, . T 10
. O ,
. T B C (1977). T :
og( 88 + (4.2) JCS. S (N/3), 27 N/3.T 10 T 4.7.
4.7
1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9 10
40 42 46 38 44 40 44 40 50 45
A ,
S 45.8.
(4.2), 125 MP.
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C 5 O
35
5 CA CA
5.1
I , ,
, H ,
. T
. T .
T S L
ATOS III, F 5.1. I ,
, 4
. C .T 50 .
5.1 A ( )
T
. T
.
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36
T
MATLAB (M
F
5.2
5.2
I H
. T
L
T 5.1. T
. T
2007). T
S 1 F
1
H
2
0.5
. T
2 . T S 2 3 A
0.5 0.5 .
5.2.
.
,
. H,
16 . T
S 1 B.
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C 5 O
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5.1 1.
A, . T . T
H .
F 5.3 S 1. T S 2
3 A C. T T
5.2.
5.3 1.
1
= 0.19370.9083
R = 0.99991
= 0.19360.908
R = 0.9999
0.10
1.00
10.00
1 10 100
()
A ()
S1
S1 L
() ()
1
2
() () 2
() ()
0.5 1 0.380 20.797 0.190 0.380 20.797 0.190
1 2 0.367 20.168 0.367 0.367 20.163 0.367
2 4 0.346 19.060 0.691 0.345 19.009 0.689
4 8 0.323 17.875 1.290 0.323 17.880 1.290
8 16 0.302 16.799 2.415 0.301 16.762 2.410
16 32 0.278 15.515 4.442 0.277 15.504 4.438
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38
5.2
.
1 2 3
0.194 0.194 0.147 0.147 0.152 0.156
0.908 0.908 0.752 0.756 0.780 0.770 0.999 0.999 0.994 0.995 0.995 0.9955.3
.3.1
P
. T
0.5 0.5 . T , . 5.1, , .
cos90 = | ||||| (5.1)A ,
. T 0.5
0.5 . ,
; , C.
T
. A
. T . I
,
0. I, , , 180.
T T 5.3.
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C 5 O
39
5.3 .
1 2 3
() 0 180 0 180 0 180
A (A) 0.615 0.617 0.548 0.540 0.476 0.479
A() 0.663 0.670 0.603 0.612 0.500 0.528
2.765 2.820 3.704 4.206 3.648 5.354 58.286 58.553 47.904 52.338 48.918 64.312 0.987 0.987 0.993 0.995 0.990 0.989/ 21.080 20.763 12.933 12.444 13.409 12.012A T 5.3, 0.5. T . T
. T S 1 S 2 3. T
F 5.4 S
1 . T S 1 , S 2 S 3
A D.
I F 5.4 T 5.3
. T
.
5.4
1.
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Measured dip angle()
Pote
ntialcontactarea
ratio
Actual
Regression
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40
T F 5.5 S 1
. T A E.
5.5 1 ( )
.3.2
I T 5.3
0.5. T (
). H, S 1
0.5. A ,
T 5.4. T
.
5.4 .
1 2 3
() 5.3 1.3 0.7
() 5.3 1.3 0.7
S
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41
T ,
. T T 5.5. A ,
0.5. I 2 3 ;
.
5.5
.
1 2 3
() 0 180 0 180 0 180A (A) 0.502 0.502 0.508 0.502 0.496 0.497
A() 0.523 0.530 0.551 0.562 0.524 0.553 2.647 2.705 3.692 4.193 3.663 5.408 49.240 49.467 45.935 50.274 50.004 65.867 0.987 0.987 0.993 0.996 0.991 0.989/ 18.602 18.287 12.442 11.990 13.651 12.179
T ,
S 1 . I
F 5.6.
5.6
1 .
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Measured dip angle ()
Potentialc
ontactarea
ratio
Actual
Regression
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E
42
F 5.7 S 1
. T . T
. T 5, .
5.7 ()
() 1 ( ).
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C 6
43
ECA AA
.1
T . T
. T
. T
. T
.
.2 A
T ,
, H
.
I , E 6.1
, .. 2 3.
10
(6.1)
S =0 , E 6.2 S 1.
= 10 (6.2)A, 35 . T
() (). I
.
A . T
T 6.1.
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E
44
6.1
. A .
C A A
1 66.88 66.43 66.00 66.22 69.32 68.95 69.14
2 47.31 52.31 50.07 51.19 52.51 50.34 51.43
3 54.02 60.44 55.87 58.16 61.57 55.57 58.57
S T 6.1, :
F S 2 3,
,
(1.3 0.7) . T S 1 5.3. F S 2 3,
. T
( ), . T
. S
1 , ,
.
T ; ,
. T T 6.2.
6.2
. .
I T 6.2
. S 1 ,
. S 2 S 3
. I
. F 6.1
.
C
1 66.9 66.2
2 47.3 51.2
3 54.0 58.2
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C 6
45
6.1 .
.3 A
I ,
. I
, =0 =1 (.. ) (3.9), 2 2 . E . I .
.3.1 1
F 6.2 S 1. T 66.88
0.84 . T 66.43
0.5 . I F 6.2
. T . T
.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 2 3
A
()
S T C M
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8/12/2019 Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Un Filled and Rough Rock
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E
46
6.2 1.
.3.2 2
F 6.3 S 2. T 47.31
3.96 . H, ;
2. A , B (1982)
0.01L, L .
T 1.2 . S 1.2
.
A , 51.17
1.2 . R ,
. H, . T
S 1.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1 2 3 4 5
()
()
Conceptual ModelShear Test
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C 6
47
6.3 2.
.3.3 3
F 6.4 S 3. T 54.02
4.63 . , S 2
. S .
R , 53.13 1.3
. A S 2, . H,
. T ; S
3 (=1).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5
()
()
Conceptual ModelShear Test
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E
48
6.4 3.
T 6.3 . F S 1,
. H S 2 3 . T
.
6.3
()
()
D
()
D
()
1 66.88 66.43 0.84 0.5
2 47.31 51.17 3.96 1.2
3 54.02 53.13 4.63 1.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 1 2 3 4 5
()
()
Conceptual Model
Shear Test
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8/12/2019 Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Un Filled and Rough Rock
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C 6
49
.4 A
I ,
. I
(G E 2000; K E 1995).
T ,
. I
. I
. T
.
6.4 . A
.
1 31.4 31.0
2 16.2 15.1
3 26.1 20.9
F 6.5 6.7 (
) . L ,
:
S 1
.
S 2 .
S 3
.
I .
F ,
. F ,
. T
. T
.
H ,
.
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E
50
6.5
1.
6.6
2.
S
S
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C 6
51
6.7
3.
S
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E
52
7 CC
T .
T
. T ,
. T
.
T . T
.
T , ,
. T
1% (B 1982)
T
. I ,
. F , . H,
, .
-
8/12/2019 Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Un Filled and Rough Rock
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R
53
8 EEECE
B, S.C. (1980). E S S E S S,
D R J. D T, D E S, T
L.
B, S.C.; L, A.C.; B, N.R., (1981). E
, I. J. R M. M. S.
B, N., (1973). A .
E G, . 7, N. 4, . 287332.
B, F.P.; D. T, (1950). T F L S,P I, O P, L.
B, F.P.; D. T, (1964). T F L S,
P II, O P, L.
EROCK 2010, R M C E E, J .
F, N., (2003). T S M, M
T S R F. P. D. T, R I
T, L R E, S, S.
F, .A., (1990). F M S S J
A. I: R J.
G, G., (2001) S
. D T, EPFL, L.
G, J.A.; , J.B. (1966). C N F S.
P R S L. S A, M
P S.
J, F, (2009). S S R R J S S
A C D, D T, R I T.
K, P.H.S.., S, G., H, T.H. M, R.M., (1995). N
C .
L, B., A, G. (1970). S
, P 11 .S. S R M.
-
8/12/2019 Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Un Filled and Rough Rock
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E
54
L, J.M., T L.., (1986). T E N S R
A C D F S R. P & A. G.
M, M., (1992). T N, N
.
M, A., (1990). A .
M, B.B., (1983). T . N : . H. F,
M (2007) M, 7.4.0.287, N M, SA.
P, T.T.; H, S.R.; L, A.C., (1995). A
. 18 I. C R M,
T, J.
P, F.D., (1966). M ,
P.D. T, . I.
S, D., M, L., N, E., (2005). L T
R J D S, T C, R M
R E.
T, K. (1925). E, F D, .
T, T.R. (1982) R S. L: L.
, J. (1997). J M , P A: J
M C (JMC).
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8/12/2019 Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Un Filled and Rough Rock
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A
I
AE A, E EA E
A.1 4 1.
A.2 4 2.
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
0 1 2 3 4 5
C
()
()
LDT1
LDT2
LDT3LDT4
0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0 1 2 3 4 5
C()
()
LDT1LDT2LDT3LDT4
-
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E
II
A.3 4 3.
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 1 2 3 4 5
C()
()
LDT2
LDT3
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A
III
AE B, ABE AE E A EE AE BAE
E
B.1 2.
() ()
2
2 A() () 2 A() ()
0.5 1 0.269 15.051 0.134 0.269 15.040 0.134
1 2 0.253 14.187 0.253 0.253 14.203 0.253
2 4 0.224 12.604 0.447 0.224 12.642 0.449
4 8 0.189 10.692 0.755 0.189 10.725 0.7588 16 0.151 8.576 1.206 0.151 8.598 1.210
16 32 0.114 6.492 1.821 0.116 6.600 1.851
B.2 3.
() ()
3
2 A() () 2 A() ()
0.5 1 0.280 15.642 0.140 0.286 15.982 0.143
1 2 0.266 14.880 0.266 0.269 15.072 0.2692 4 0.240 13.490 0.480 0.241 13.561 0.482
4 8 0.206 11.613 0.822 0.206 11.651 0.825
8 16 0.170 9.637 1.358 0.169 9.603 1.354
16 32 0.130 7.401 2.078 0.128 7.294 2.048
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E
I
AE C, A AE E A EE AE BAE
E
.1 2.
.2 3.
2
= 0.14710.7519
R = 0.9943 2
= 0.14680.7557
R = 0.9948
0.1
1.0
10.0
1 10 100
()
A ()
S2
S2 L
3
= 0.15220.78
R = 0.9952 3
= 0.15560.7701
R = 0.9951
0.1
1.0
10.0
1 10 100
()
A ()
S3
S3 L
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A
AE , A EA CAC AEA A AA
EAE AE
.1
1.
.2
2.
0 10 20 30 40 50 600
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Measured dip angle ()
Potentialc
ontactarea
ratio
Actual
Regression
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Measured dip angle ()
Poten
tialcontactarea
ratio
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E
I
.3
2.
.4 3.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Measured dip angle ()
Potentialcontactarea
ratio
Actual
Regression
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 500
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
Measured dip angle(
Potentialcontactarea
ratio
Actual
Regression
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8/12/2019 Experimental Study of the Shear Strength of Un Filled and Rough Rock
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A
II
.5
3.
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
Measure dip angle ()
Potentialcontactarea
ratio
Actual
Regression
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E
III
AE E, E EAE AE AA EA EC
.1
1 ( )
.2
2 ( ).
S
S
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A
I
.3
2 ( ).
.4
3 ( ).
S
S
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E
.5
3 ( ).
S