Experimental and numerical simulation

of laser driven shock waves in water

Ekaterina Mazanchenko1, Julien Deroy2, Alain Claverie1,

Michel Boustie1, Yannick Chauveau3

(1) Institut PPrime, CNRS-ENSMA-Université de Poitiers; (2) LPP, Palaiseau; (3) E.M.A. Multi-Physics

To test the abilities of RADIOSS code to simulate shock waves propagation in the water, we made

several experiments with laser-driven shock waves and with high intense electrical discharge.

Velocity measurements and shadowgraph technique provide time resolved measurements allowing

to characterize the shock induced and its propagation into the water.

The experimental results are compared with corresponding numerical simulations in order to assess

the code opportunities for physical reproducing the observed phenomenon.

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Introduction

High power electrical discharge in water:

• generation of shock waves,

• waves propagation and interaction with

materials.

Applications:

• medical,

• separation of materials,

• recycling.

Numerical modeling with RADIOSS:

• help in the optimization.

Fig. from PhD thesis of Gilles Touya

Lithotripter and fragments of a 1-cm calcium

oxalate stone (fig. from Wikipedia)

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Discharge in the water experiment

Tests were carried out at the tank 60x60x53 cm (LxWxH).

Gap between electrodes: 5 to 15 mm.

Max stored energy - to 35 kJ.

Time (shock risetime): 530 ns.

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Problem definition

Fig. from PhD thesis of Gilles Touya

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Laser for shock generating To calibrate the shock induced in the complex configuration, we made several experiments of laser

shocks driven into water. It was achieved by direct laser interaction on aluminium plate immerged

into water and by laser acceleration of aluminium splashing then in water to generate the shock.

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Shock calibration

Fig. from courses “Shock waves in the

condensed media” by T. de Rességuier

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Experimental scheme Flux – 3,01 GW/cm2

1D simplification -10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

7000 7500 8000 8500 9000 9500 10000

Time, ns

Velo

sity,

m/s

Back face velocity

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Modeling 1D case

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Modeling 2D case

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Modeling discharge

2D axisymmetric

QUAD elements 0.5x0.5 mm

Gap is 15 mm,

deposited energy 327 J

Material laws:

• water – law 26 SESAME #7150 ,

• discharge zone - law 26 SESAME #7150 with initial energy,

• outlet – law 11 type 3 (silent boundary).

For all 3 materials ALE description has been used.

Units system is mm-ms-g.

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Pressure evolution

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Bubble expansion - experiment

U0=25 kV

Gap 15 mm

E0=327 J

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Evolution of the bubble

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

Time(ms)R

adiu

s (m

m)

Measured radiusSimulation

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Conclusions and perspectives

• Ability of RADIOSS to simulate ultra-short high intense shock waves

propagation in water.

• Improvements on laser-interaction modeling by correlation with

experiment (2D effect, boundary conditions..).

• Simulation of electrical discharge: from very first instants to

propagation and interaction with objects; process optimization.

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Acknowledgements

The work supported by ADEME (AIDER project 2010-2013).

Thanks for Altair Engineering France for training seminars and

online support.

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References

Altair Engineering PRODUCTS

• (1) RADIOSS User's Manual, Version 11.

JOURNALS/Magazines

• (2) Berthe L., Fabbro R., Peyre P., Tollier L., and Bartnicki E. “Shock waves from a

water-confined laser-generated plasma”, J. Appl. Phys., 82 (6), 1997, pp. 2826-2832.

Ph.D. THESIS

• (3) Touya G., "Contribution to the experimental study of electrical discharges in water and

associated pressure waves. Realisation an industrial prototype 100kJ for the waste

treatment by high power electrical pulsations“, Ph.D. thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays

de l'Adour, University, Pau, 2003.

EXTRACTS FROM COURSES

• (5) Arrigoni M., “Shock waves in the condensed media”, 2007, ENSIETA, p. 79.

• (6) de Rességuier T., “Shock waves in the condensed media”, 2009, ENSMA, p. 107

Appendix