EXPERIMENTING

ObjectivesAt the end of the session, the participants should be able to: Identify the different process skills in the

development of science ideas particularly experimenting;

Perform experimental activity using different variables;

Explain the effect of controlled variables, dependent and independent variables in making an experiment.

GUESS WHO?

Mr. Alexander Graham Bell,

invented the first practical telephone.

one of the most renowned physicists of the twentieth century.

Albert Einstein

Roberto Del Rosario is the inventor of the Karaoke Sing Along System.

Edwin Hubblean American

astronomer who is known for playing a vital role in the development of extragalactic astronomy.

Dr. Julian BarzonFilipino chemist,

researched methods of producing alternative fuels from sugarcane and coconut.

The Dutch scientist commonly known as “the Father of Microbiology”.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

What do you think will happen to this egg if placed in a tap water? 

 What could help this egg float in water? 

Assumptions: Assumptions:1. 1.2. 2.3. 3.

Get: 1 eggWater6 tablespoons SaltA tall drinking glassDo:1. Pour water into the glasses until it is about half full.2. Stir in lots of salt (about 6 tablespoons)3. Carefully pour in plain water until the glass is nearly full (be careful to not disturb or mix the salty water with the plain water)4. Lower the egg into the water and watch what happens.

Divide into groups of 5Make an experimental design based on the following:

An egg sinks to the bottom if you drop it into a glass of ordinary drinking water but what happens if you add salt? The results are very interesting and can teach you some fun facts about density.

Use this pattern… Problem Hypothesis Materials Procedure Observation/Analysis Conclusion

Answer this…1. What happened to the egg when you placed it into the water with salt?2. What made the egg float?3. What are the materials that are used in the experiment?4. What materials changed?5. What are the materials that remained constant?6. If the salt was not mixed to the water do you think the egg will float? Why or why not?

REPORT YOUR FINDINGS….

What is Experimentatio

n?

ExperimentingAn experimenting is a way of testing a

hypothesis.- A test under controlled conditions that is

made to demonstrate a known truth, examine the validity of a hypothesis, or determine the efficacy of something previously untried.

- is a cause-and-effect test between two variables.

Experimenting with theScientific Method

Problems and QuestionsWhy do we want to do experiments?

We want to do experiments to find the answers to our questions or problems.

What is the problem?

  WHAT MAKES AN EGG FLOAT IN WATER?

An egg sinks to the bottom if you drop it into a glass of ordinary drinking water but what happens if you add salt?

Look at your surroundings. Identify possible problems that you observed.

Hypothesis educated guess referred to as an "if-then" statement, a hypothesis makes a

prediction about what will happen as the result of a specific event. Consider the background knowledge

The problem: your friend's car doesn't startPotential hypotheses for the car not starting are:

My guess is that a dead battery is the reason for the car not starting.My guess is that a damaged alternator is the reason for the car not starting.My guess is that the spark plugs are not firing properly is the reason for the car not starting.My guess is that blown fuses are the reasons for the car not starting.

A good hypothesis takes the form of "If I do this, then that will happen.

If the water faucet is opened, then the amount of water flowing will increase. 

If fenders are placed on a bicycle, then the user will stay dry when going through puddles.

If a prisoner learns a work skill while in jail, then he is less likely to commit a crime when he is released. 

If I raise the temperature of a cup of water, then the amount of sugar that can be dissolved in it will be increased. 

Let’s make an educated guessDoes the amount of butter in

the popcorn kernels affect the number of kernels that pop?

Hypothesis :1.

If you put an ice cube on a plate and place it on the table, what will happen?

Hypothesis:1.2.3.

List 3 hypothesis from the problem below..….

What makes an egg float in water?If…..

then….

Designing & Doing the Experiment continued

STEP 1 – Consider Your Question or Problem

(What am I testing and how can I do it?)STEP 2 – Think About All the Variables

  (What might change in my experiment?) A variable is a difference or a part of your

experiment that can change. Example- if you were to do an experiment on plants, you could change……..the amount of water or light, and the kind of dirt or plant.

Designing & Doing the Experiment continued

STEP 3 – Set-Up a Controlled Experiment

  (How do I keep the variables from changing?)

In your experiment design you can only have

one variable that changes. The variable that changes should be the one that you are testing.

If you chose to do an experiment on light and plant growth, you would make sure that the variable that changes is the amount of light.

Controlled variables all other variables are kept the same in

order to be sure which affected the outcome

Called constant variables Example:

Amount of sunlightTemperatureOthers???

Independent variable: the variable which is manipulated this is what you change Example: Kind of water

Dependent variable: also called the responding variable Changes because of what you did to it

(independent) This is the outcome Example: Growth of the plant

Identify the variables in the experimentControlled Variables

Independent Variable(manipulated variable)

Dependent Variables(responding variables)

Amount of liquidThe eggAmount of salt Type of eggGlass

water Salt (6 tbsp.)

Designing & Doing the Experiment continued

STEP 4 – Doing the Experiment  (What materials do I need?)

This is the easiest part of designing and doing an experiment because all you have to do is get your materials together and set it up! WARNING! You need to make sure that you’re taking it seriously and thinking about safety.

Created by: Mrs. B-D 2007

Observing & Recording Observing and recording is an

important step in the Scientific Method. Your observations and the data you collect help you answer your question or problem and form your conclusion. It might be a good idea to have a friend help you do this step.

Created by: Mrs. B-D 2007

Set up A (water without salt)

B (water with salt)

Did the egg float? No Yes

Amount of salt addedSet up w/o salt 2 tbsp. 4 tbsp. 6 tbsp

water No No No Yes

Qualitative Data:Observe means to

examine carefully. You observe what is happening in the experiment by using your senses, but not all of them! Some of the senses are not safe to use when you’re doing an experiment, such as touch and taste.

Quantitative Data:Information that you collect using instruments is called quantitative data. Quantitative data may be time, distance, length, speed, volume, mass or weight.

Qualitative Data Quantitative Data

•blue/green color, gold frame•smells old and musty•with frame 14" by 18"•texture shows brush strokes of oil paint

picture is 10" by 14"weighs 8.5 poundssurface area of painting is 140 sq. in.•peaceful scene of the country•masterful brush strokescost $300

OIL PAINTING

Which is which?

Conclusion

Is the summary of what happened in the experiment.

A conclusion is a reexamination of your original hypothesis in regards to the data you have collected. 

is the final, and most important, part of the process.

……. I therefore conclude that an egg floats in water with salt.

For example: Conclusion for watering seeds with saltwater

The roots of the plant had turned brown and started to die because the salt had prevented them from absorbing the water.

What conclusions can you make from the following hypotheses… If the water faucet is opened, then the

amount of water flowing will increase.  If fenders are placed on a bicycle, then

the user will stay dry when going through puddles.

If a prisoner learns a work skill while in jail, then he is less likely to commit a crime when he is released. 

Experimental DesignPROBLEM : What makes an egg

float in water?HYPOTHESIS: If the salt is added in the

glass of water then the egg will float.MATERIALS:1 egg, Water, Salt,

drinking glass

PROCEDURE: 1. Pour water into the glass until it is about

half full.2. Stir in lots of salt (about 6 tablespoons)3. Carefully pour in plain water until the

glass is nearly full (be careful to not disturb or mix the salty water with the plain water)

4. Gently lower the egg into the water and watch what happens.

OBSERVATION:CONCLUSION: I therefore

conclude that an egg floats in water with salt

Lets try this…1. In science class, five groups of students conducted an experiment to find the effect of sunlight on the starch content of leaves. The first step in scientific method is toA. Perform the activityB. Draw conclusion and generalizationC. Formulate hypothesisD. Identify the problem

Answer: D

2. Julie has the following objects: two ice cubes � an empty glass � a glass of water at room temperature �Which question could Julie answer most easily by conducting a scientific investigation? A What is the temperature of the water? B Does ice melt faster in air or in water?C How long does it take for water to freeze?D Does the mass of an ice cube change when it melts?

Answer : B

3. One morning, Ryan noticed there were tiny drops of water on the grass as he walked to school. That afternoon, he did not see any drops of water on the grass when he returned home. Which of the following best explains what happened to the drops of water? A. The heat from the air caused the water drops to boil. B. The air cooled the water and caused the drops to freeze. C. The Sun heated the water and caused the drops to evaporate. D. The energy from the Sun caused the water drops to condense.

Answer: C

4. A farmer raises chickens in cages. He noticed that some chickens lay more eggs than others. Another farmer tells him that, the amount of food and water given to chicken, and the weight of chicken affect the number of eggs they lay. Which of the following is NOT likely to be a factor that affects the number of egg laid by the chickens. A. The size of the cage where the eggs are laid. B. The weight of the chickens. C. The amount of food given to the chickens. D. The amount of water given to the chickens.

Answer: A

5. Gabriel is designing an experiment to see whether sugar or artificial sweetener will attract the greater number of ants. Which statement best describes why Gabriel should write down his experimental procedure? A. The exact experiment can be repeated by others and the results compared. B. The experiment can be changed by others to get different results. C. The data will help people decide what type of sweetener to use. D. The data will show people which ants are more common.

Answer : A

6. What is the correct order for steps in the scientific method?

a. have a question, formulate hypothesis, develop method, gather data, draw conclusion.b. formulate hypothesis, have a question, develop method, gather data, draw conclusion.c. formulate hypothesis, have a question, gather data, develop method, draw conclusion.d. have a question, formulate hypothesis, draw conclusion, develop method, gather data.

Answer: A

7. Which is NOT considered a safety procedure?

A. Read all the steps in your activity before doing it.

B. If in doubt about any part of an activity, trust your instincts.

C. Follow teachers instructions.D. Follow the textbooks directions

correctly.Answer: B

8. A hypothesis ____________ A. Can be completely proven B. Is a possible answer to a question, tested through an experiment C. Does not have to be tested to be accepted as probably correct D. Is a proven fact

Answer: B

9. Which of the following is NOT part of how scientist work?

A. Experimenting B. Observation C. Random guessing D. Hypothesizing

Answer: C

10.“The plant in container A has five leaves” is an example of _________________.

A. Qualitative B. Quantitative C. Inference D. Interest

Answer: B

Let’s watch this without crying…..

Thank you….