Experiment Definitions Laws request unit range

1-The Prism

𝑛 =𝑐

𝑣

=the speed of light in vacuum

the speed of light in the substance

(min) Deviation angle: "(min) the total

deflection of the light, which is, the angle

between the incident ray and the

emergent ray."

2

2

min

ASin

ASin

n

1- apex angle(A) 2-minimum deviation angle (δmin) 3- refractive index (n)

Degree Degree dimensionless number

55 – 65 33 – 38 1.40 – 1.6

Q1- If A = 60 & δmin =35 Find n Q2- if c = 3x108 m/sec & n = 1.5 Find v Q3- Draw a prism and show the deviation angle. Q4- In diagram shown If A= 650 find n

Experiment Definitions Laws request unit range

2-Power of Spherical Lenses

𝐹 =100

𝑓

𝐹 = 𝑋 + 𝑌

Where

𝑋 =100

𝑥

𝑌 =100

𝑦

1- F by two ways for convex lens (Coincidence Method & General Method) 2- F by Group Method for concave lens (( Fg=F1+F2))

Diopter Or m-1

Q1- The higher the number of diopters, the more the lens refracts or bends light. Q2- if the focal lens f = 12 cm Find the power F Q3- If x = 12 cm and y = 20 cm find F

Q4- Find which lens is more powerful

Q6- Find the total power

Experiment Definitions Laws request unit range

3- Power Of Spherical Mirrors

𝐹 =100

𝑓

𝐹 = 𝑋 + 𝑌

1- F by two ways for concave lens (Coincidence Method & General Method) 2- F by Group Method for convex lens ((Fg=2Fl + Fm))

Diopter Or m-1

Q1- if the curvature radius r = 30 cm Find the power F

Q2-The concave mirror is used by dentist to magnify the area they want to check Q3- mention the type of the mirror Then indicate which of them is more powerful Q4-using group method find

Experiment Definitions Laws request unit range

4- Comparison between the Magnetic Moments of Two Magnets using the Deflection Magnetometer

2

1

1

2

22

2

2

2

22

1

2

1

2

1

tan

tan

d

d

Ld

Ld

M

M

Experiment Definitions Laws request unit range

5- Verification of ohm's law by tangent galvanometer

Ohm's Law: "Voltage is directly proportional to the current for constant temperature."

1- cot(𝜃) =𝐾

𝑉(𝑅 + 𝑅𝑜)

2- 𝐾 =10𝑟𝐻0

2𝜋𝑁

G=R0= 𝐾 = r (coil radius)=

𝛺 Amp Cm

4 – 12 ~0.07 5 – 10

Q1- Draw the circuit used in Verification of ohm's law by tangent galvanometer experiment Q2- Find the tangent galvanometer resistance value & the volt pass in the circuit if K=0.4

Experiment Definitions Laws request unit range

6-Surface Tension (By Drop Weight Method)

Surface tension is the

unbalanced force acting

on the free surface of a

liquid tending to reduce

the surface area to

minimum.

𝑀𝑔 = 3.8𝑟𝛾

Drop radius

(r)

cm

0.10 - 0.2

Factors affecting surface tension:

1. Nature of the liquid molecules.

2. Temperature: It decreases as temperature rises.

3. Chemical impurities.

…………………… a chemical that lowers the surface tension of a substance so that it is more readily wet.

Surface tension

(6) Surface Tension (By Drop Weight Method)

Objective

Determination of the surface tension by the drop-weight method.

Apparatus

1. Beaker,

2. Burette,

3. Distilled water,

4. Laboratory scale.

Theory

Surface tension is the unbalanced force acting on the free surface of a liquid tending to reduce the surface area to minimum.

(Or: the attraction force exists between the surface molecules of a liquid.)

This phenomena makes the surface of a liquid behaves as though it is covered by a stretched membrane.

The cohesive forces among liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension. In the bulk of the

liquid, each molecule is pulled equally in every direction by neighboring liquid molecules, resulting in a net force of zero. The

molecules at the surface do not have other molecules on all sides of them and therefore are pulled inwards. This creates some

internal pressure and forces liquid surfaces to contract to the minimal area.

Factors affecting surface tension:

4. Nature of the liquid molecules.

5. Temperature: It decreases as temperature rises.

6. Chemical impurities: Cause decrease in surface tension (surfactants, wetting agents).

The drop of a mass m gets released when its weight G=mg is equal or greater than the surface force at the end of tube

𝑀𝑔 = 3.8𝑟𝛾

(1)

Where: 𝛾 is surface tension and r is the burette radius

Method

1. Mount the clean and dry burette on the vertical stand.

2. Weigh the mass of the beaker 𝑚𝑏.

3. Fill the burette with distilled water.

4. Collect 50 water drops in to the beaker.

5. Weigh the mass of the beaker with water and determine the mass of the 50 drops 𝑚𝑏+𝑑.

6. Calculate the surface tensions of studied liquid according to the equation (1).

Results

1. Mass of the beaker 𝑚𝑏 = ⋯

2. Mass of the beaker with 50 drops of water 𝑚𝑏+𝑑 = ⋯

3. Mass of the 50 drops 𝑚𝑑 = 𝑚𝑏+𝑑 − 𝑚𝑏 = ⋯

4. Mass of one drop 𝑀 =𝑚𝑑

50= ⋯

5. Surface tension 𝛾 =𝑀𝑔

3.8𝑟= ⋯