ExperiencesinapplyingEarthobservingsatellitetechnologyinSERVIRregions

withanemphasisondisasters:successes,lessonsandpathsforward

EricAndersonNASA/SERVIR-MekongScienceCoordinationLeadandWater&DisastersThemeLeadResearchScientist,TheUniversityofAlabamainHuntsvilleeric.anderson@nasa.gov

https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170004624 2018-07-12T07:20:57+00:00Z

Outline

• BackgroundonSERVIRandcontributionstodisasterriskreduction• Casebriefsontrainings,appliedresearch,anddisasterpreparednessandresponsesupport• Summaryoflessonslearnedfrompreviousefforts• Thoughtsonpathsforward

SERVIRisajointdevelopmentinitiativeofNASAandUSAID,workinginpartnershipwithleadingregionalorganizationsaround theglobe,tohelpdevelopingcountriesuseinformationprovidedbyEarthobservingsatellitesandgeospatialtechnologiestoaddressFood

Security,WaterandDisasters,WeatherandClimate,andLandUse/LandCoverChange.

Preventing seafood-borne illnesses in

Central America by mapping harmful microalgae

Supporting food security in Nepal by

monitoring agricultural drought

Conserving forests in eastern and southern

Africa by mapping land cover and land use

change

Protecting lives in South/Southeast Asia by

monitoring and forecasting intense thunderstorms

Helping herders and farmers in West Africa by

detecting ephemeral water bodies

TheCurrentSERVIRHubNetwork

SERVIR’scontributionstodisasterriskreduction

1. SynthesisofSERVIR-Mesoamericaattentiontodisasterevents2. WaterandWater-relatedDisastersThematicServiceAreaofSERVIR3. InternationalandregionalrolesofSERVIRHubs4. SERVIR’sRoleinNASAEarthScienceDisastersProgram

Before event

After event

(Anderson2013,adaptedfromAlexander2002)

RISK ELEMENTS AT RISKHAZARD VULNER-

ABILITY

Mitigation

Prepara-tionResponse

Recovery

SERVIR’sMainfocuswithinRiskManagement andDisasterCycle

SERVIR’scontributionstodisasterriskreduction

1.SynthesisofSERVIR-Mesoamericaattentiontodisasterevents,2005-2011

Focusontechnicaltrainingandcreatingvalue-addedproducts

(FloresCordova,Anderson, etal.,2012)

“Demandforspacedataandderivedproductsgreatlyincreased…oncecountrieswereexposedtomoreandmoredemonstrationsofthedata’sutilityinaddressingdisastermonitoringandassessmentneeds.”

SERVIR’scontributionstodisasterriskreduction

2.WaterandWater-relatedDisastersThematicServiceAreaofSERVIR

ü Shiftingfromproductcreationtoservicedesignanddelivery

ü Improvingscientificandtechnicalrigorofservicesthroughexternal“TechnicalAssessmentGroups”

ü BringingmoreinnovativeandappropriatesciencefromtheUS• 118USinstitutionsacrossallthematicserviceareas

ü Enhancingcollaboration acrossSERVIRhubs

SERVIR’scontributionstodisasterriskreduction

3.Internationalandregionalrole• WesupportinternationalandregionalprogramsandframeworksforDRR

• MostinstitutionsthathostSERVIRhubsare• UN-SPIDERRegionalSupport Offices;support TechnicalAdvisoryMission• ProjectManagersfortheInternationalCharterforSpaceandMajorDisasters• Sentinel-AsiaDataAnalysisNodes

• UNISDRparticipation• OtherfocusareassuchastheWorldLandslideForum,GlobalFloodPartnership

• Welinkon-the-grounddevelopmentanddisasterriskreductionwiththeuniqueperspectivefromspaceandourEarthsystemmodels

• WeinformdevelopmentandinfrastructureinvestmentdecisionsforDRR

SERVIR’scontributionstodisasterriskreduction

4.RoleofSERVIRinNASAEarthScienceDisastersProgram

üMatchneedsonthegroundwithtechnicalresponsesupportthatscientistexpertsinEarthobservationsandmodelscanprovide

üBuildcapacityofagenciesaroundtheworldtousesuchinformation

üProvidefeedbacktoNASAontheutilityofscienceproductsfordisastermanagement

üProvideinputfromtheinternational“applications”communityperspective

Casebriefs

• 2009LandslidesinElSalvador,andfollow-onhazardsanalysis• 2010AlgalBloomoutbreak,andrepeatedevents,inGuatemala• 2010Haitiearthquake• 2014FloodsinBangladesh• 2015Gorkha earthquakeinNepal• 2016GlaciallakeoutburstfloodmitigationvialakeloweringinNepal• 2016FloodpreventioninKenya• OngoingworkintheLowerMekongtoidentifyfloodedareasandforecastfloods• FutureworktosupportSERVIR-E&SAfricaandUSAID/Rwandaonlandslidemitigation

Casebrief:2009ElSalvadorlandslides

• ConvergenceofatropicalstorminthePacificandalowpressuresystemintheAtlanticledtoextremelyintenseandprolongedrainfall,andresultingfloodsandlandslides,inElSalvadorinNovemberof2009

Datafromdisconnecteddecisionsupporttoolsaredifficulttoassimilateandcanprovideconflictinginformation

Masswastingsusceptibility

Laharinundationzone

(Anderson,2013)

• Charteractivationinvolvingrapidresponsemapping• Realizedthatfollow-onappliedresearchwasneeded

Casebrief:2010AlgalBloomoutbreak,andrepeatedevents,inGuatemala

• Perspectivefromspacedrewmuchneededattention• Co-developmentofalake-specificchlorophyll-aalgorithm;agenciescanapplythiswheneverneeded

Casebrief:2010Haitiearthquake

• Mappingdisaster • Backupofenvironmentalinformation

Casebrief:2014FloodsinBangladesh

• Addressescross-boundarydatasharing• Veryengageduseragencywithspecificneed/interest• Replicatingscience&technicalandcapacitybuildingapproaches

Casebrief:2015Gorkha earthquakeinNepal

• OpenStreetMapandpreparedness/abilitytorespond• Datavolume,transfer,androleofcloud• Existingnetworkoforganizationsandprofessionals

Casebrief:GlaciallakeoutburstfloodmitigationvialakeloweringinNepal

• Beingreadytohelpanswersomequestionsthatwouldhavedirectmitigationanddevelopmentimplications

Casebrief:FloodpreventioninKenya

• Beingreadytohelpanswersomequestionswithdirectmitigationanddevelopmentimplications

High-accuracyfloodlevelscenariomapsledtoWorldBankrepairsoffloodprotectiondikesinKenya.

Looselycoupledhydrologymodel(CREST)withanonlineGISinundationtool

Casebrief:OngoingworkintheLowerMekongtoidentifysurfacewaterandforecastfloods

• Addressingvarietyofneedsrangingfromhistoricalfloodfrequencytonearrealtimemonitoringandshorttermforecasting

http://vrsg-servir.adpc.nethttp://surface-water-servir.adpc.net/

Casebrief:FutureworktosupportlandslidemitigationinRwanda• FromUSGeologicalSurvey,weneedtoknow4thingsaboutlandslides

1.Whenwilltheyhappen? 2.Wherewilltheystart?3.Wherewillthego? 4.Whatcouldbeaffected?

254landslideeventsidentifiedthrough visualinterpretationofhighresolution imagesinGoogleEarth

Preliminaryhazardmapderivedthrough logisticregressiontesting(Piller andAnderson 2015)

Nextsteps:Refine“need,”fromstakeholderconsultation,designaservicethatmeetsthisneed;couldincludeothernewwaystocollectingcrowd-sourceddata(i.e.,SpaceAppsChallenge)

SummaryofLessonsLearned• Appropriatetechnicaltraining—andfollow-upsupport—canincreasegooduseofEarthobservations(EO)forenvironmentalmonitoringanddisastermanagement.• Sometimesinmappingadisaster,werealizethatmoreappliedresearchisneededtobestintegrate(EO)intodiversedecisionmakingcontexts.Conductingthisresearchtogetherisawaytobuildtrustandconfidence.• Offsiteorcloudbackupofdatashouldbepartofadata/knowledgepreservationstrategy.• Finding“champion”useragenciescanhelpthescientificcommunityadvancetheappropriateapplicationofEOdataandmodels.Encouragethoseagenciestotraintheircounterpartagencies.• Knowyourcontactsbeforeadisasterstrikes.Havelinesofcommunicationandinformationflowdetermined,andhaveabackupreadyduringcrisis.• Bepreparedwithrelevantinformationthatcanhelpguidedevelopmentdecisions.

Training

Understanding

Backup

Champions

Contacts

Relevance

Thoughtsonpathsforward,immediatetermNeed Solution

Improvedinventoriesofdisaster eventsà CollectEarthOnlinebeingco-developedbetweenSERVIRandFAO

à NASASpaceAppsChallenges(“Hackathons”)andCitizenSciencecallseeking innovativeapproachestocrowd-sourceeventdata

Improved situationalawarenessofphysicalconditions à Nearrealtimesurfacewaterandflood identificationusingoptical

andradarsensors

Improved connectionsofrelevantinformationtotheindividual, household, andcommunitylevels

à Deeperinvolvementwithgovernment agenciesresponsible forcommunity leveldisastermitigationandpreparedness

à PartnershipwithNGOsworkingatlocallevelsuchasMercyCorps,anduniversities

Improvedflood forecasting,especiallyacrossborders à

Coupling satellitealtimetrymeasurementsandprecipitationestimates andforecastswithhydrologymodels toincreasefloodforecastskillandlength,especiallyacrossborders

Sharing knowledgeandexperienceacrossregions à

Ephemeralwaterbodymappingandprediction inWestAfricatosupportpastoralistsfacedwithwaterstresses(willleverageSERVIR-Mekongexperienceinwatermapping)

Thoughtsonpathsforward

• Regularlyre-assessourroleinprovidinginformationduringphasesoftheDisasterCycle;thisisdifferentfordifferenttypesofdisasters

• Preparefordatafromrecentandnewsatellites• Sentinelseries(ESA)– alreadycomingonline• NISAR• SWOT• Landsat9

• Continuetopromotefreeandopendatapolicies

Thankyou