Experience gained from the former oreExperience gained ...€¦ · Experience gained from the...

Experience gained Experience gained from the former oreprocessing

and the remediation of the site.

MECSEK-ÖKO Zrt, Pécs, Hungary

Vienna, URAM-2009June 22-26 2009

M. Csıvári, G. Földing, Zs. Berta, G. Németh

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1 Summary of the remediation works2 Lessons and experience gained from

the former mill process3 Lessons and experience learned from

the remediation

DECREASING OF THE RADIOLOGICAL IMPACT

1 To decrease the radiological impacts to the exceptable level, and long-term stabilization of the radiologically contaminated wastes

This goal is fully achieved•Shafts are backfilled,waste rock piles are landscaped, and covered•Mill and other facilities are demolished or cleaned-up, yards, industrial roads are cleaned-up, heap leaching residues have been relocated, sites have been remediated•Tailings ponds are stabilised, and coveredAltogether the radiological parameters (γ-dose rate, radon exhalation, etc) on the sites ARE IN COMLIENCE WITH all requirements , limits established by the authorities.

1 Summary of the remediation work

GROUNDWATER PROTECTION2 Restoration and protection of the groundwater and surface water

quality from contaminants.This work is being underway in accordance with the original

plansIn this respect:

• Groundwater restoration system and water treatment station have been built: app. 0.5 million m3/a of contaminated water is being extracted in the vicinity of the tailings ponds and treated. App. 44 kt of solute (TDS) has been removed by this way.•Water treatment station was built for the uranium-contaminated mine water and seepage from waste rock piles •In-place uranium treatment columns are in operation in some places•Experimental permeable reactive barrier has been istalled for in situ groundwater treatment


SOME REMEDIATED SITESTP I 2008

TP II 2006

WP 3

HL2

HL1

WP3

Repository for wastes


GROUNDWATER RESTORATION AND WATER TREATMENT STATIONS

Mine water treatment Groundwater restorationMg(OH)2 +gypsumMg(OH)2 +gypsum

TP no.1

TP no.1

Water Treatment Station

•Extraction wells: 27•Horizontal drain: 3.3

km•44 kt TDS has been removed•0.5 million m3 /a is being

extracted

•Extraction wells: 27•Horizontal drain: 3.3

km•44 kt TDS has been removed•0.5 million m3 /a is being

extracted

For the remediation app. 83 million Euro was spentFor long-term monitoring and water treatment app. 2.5 million Euro is needed yearly


2 Experience from the former millingFlow sheet:

Conventional acid leaching (18.5 Mt) and alkaline heap leaching (7.2 Mt) for low-grade ore

1 Radiometric sorting2 Leaching3 Regeneration of the hydrochloric acid used for the eluation

2 Experience gained from the former milling

Chrushing,γ=100%U~700 g/t

Dry screening and sorting

50-75

75-100

100-140

140-200

To the mill, U~0.1%,γ~67% (~41%)

Rad. sorting

Product ~13%

~54%

RADIOMETRIC SORTING OF THE ORE

*in mm

Bogie measuring station

WRPU<100 g/t U=100-230 g/t

Run-off mine ore

~62%

-50*

Reject, (to WP or HL)γ=33%U~84 g/t

Alkaline heap leaching


ACID LEACHINGThe leaching process was continuously developed because the ore became more and more refractory (branerite)

One stageleachingOne stageleaching

Separate leaching of the sand-fineSeparate leaching of the sand-fine

Stage-wise leaching with dividing the pulp into four portion by hydrociclones and adding the bulk of acidinto the first stage

Free acidFree acid ~5 g/lFor: sandy part~ 60-30 g/l

Fines~10-15 g/lFor: sandy part~ 60-30 g/l

Fines~10-15 g/l 150 12 g/l

Pulp from thickener

~89%~89% ~92%~92% ~94%~94%U recoveryU recovery

Main milestones of the development:

Hydrociklones

Only small part (~12%) of the ore is leached at low free acid concentration

Acid


R-Cl(from eluation)

Water

~50 g/lH2SO4

R2-SO4

cc.H2SO4

R-HSO4

~20 g/l HCl

2R-Cl + H2SO4 = R2-SO4+2HClRegeneration of the HCl

R-Cl + HSO4- = R-HSO4+HCl

R-HSO4 R2-SO4+H2SO4

Washing1st Column

2nd Column

Spec. consumption: 1.4 kgH2SO4/kg HCl

Decreasing of the chloride consumption by ~2 kg/t

REGENERATION OF THE HYDROCHLORIC ACID FOR ELUATION


DECREASING OF THE CONSUMPTION OF THE HCl FOR ELUATION

∆~8-2=6 kg/t

Extra: ~2.5-3 kg/t H2SO4


3 Experience from the remediation

3.1 Mine water treatment3.2 Heap leaching3.3 Groundwater contamination and restoration on TPs area3.4 TPs remediation3.5 Passive/semi-passive methods of water treatment


0 4,000,000 8,000,000 12,000,000

1999-08-28

2003-08-27

2007-08-26

2011-08-25

2015-08-24

2019-08-23

2023-08-22

0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000volume of cavities [m3]

-800

-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

water

leve

l [mAs

l]

Adit level

Legendwater level (mAsl)volume of cavities (m3)

2016-2018

±0

-700

Sandstone/ClaystoneP-T SandstoneSandstone

Tectonic zoneUranium ore

Legend

Anhydirtemarl/

Siltstoneaquitard

Limestone M Sand and clay

Pl Loose sand (aquifer)2

Northern shaftsSouthern shaftAdit

D

D- drinking water aquifer

Borehole S-11

Water sampling from deep Borehole S-11:

pH~7.5U~5-11 mg/lEl. cond.~5 mS/cm



MINE WATER TREATMENTMINE WATER TREATMENT

I

II-V


MINE WATER TREATMENT (cont.)(all uranium-contaminated waters are treated)

Mine water treatment(anion exchange process)

Adit

Seepage from WPs (U~8-20 mg/l)

Seepage from WPs (U~8-20 mg/l)

UO4x2H2O

U~0.3 mg/l1

3542

Mines under floodingMines under flooding

U~4 mg/l

Discharge

2001-2008: 17 t U were removed

~2018


HEAP LEACHING RELOCATION OFRESIDUES TO THE FINAL STORAGE

AREA

Wp N3

Site II

Site N1


GW CONTAMINATIONON HL-SITES

Contamination was observed first of all nearby the pumping stations

and pipe lines


HEAP LEACHING PRACTICEHow to improve the process? Continuously expanding pads need rather large area (in our case 6.5 ha/Mt). Thereforereusable padsseem to be more reasonable with the disposal of the residues on the final storage area.

7.2 million t low grade ore was treated (~140 g/t), ~60% recovery (540tU),

5kg/t Na2CO3 ,37 ha


HIDROGEOLOGICAL SITUATION AROUND THE TPs

Geological Profile across the Tailings Pond

W E

TDS contamination

TailingsWater supply area „Tortyogó”


GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATIONON THE TPs AREA

577000 577500 578000 578500 579000 579500 580000 58050075000

75500

76000

76500

77000

77500

78000

78500

79000

A-01

B-01

C-01

H/1

U-09/1

U-10/1

U-11/1U-13/1

U-14/1

U-16/1

U-17/1

U-18/1

U-19/1

U-20/1

U-21/1

V-01/1

V-02/1

V-03/1

V-05/1

V-07/1

V-08/1

V-10/1

V-11/1

V-13/1

V-14/1

V-15/1

V-16/1

V-17/1

V-18/1

V-19/1

V-20/1

V-21/1

V-22/1V-23/1

V-24/1

V-25/1

V-26/1

V-27/1

V-28/1

V-29/1

V-30/1

V-32/1

V-33/1

V-35/1

V-36/1

V-37/1

V-38/1

V-39/1

V-41/1

VIII/1

X/1

XIII/1

XVIII/1

XXVII/1

Bicsérd-2/F-5

Pellérd-1/F-5

ZA-1

ZB-1

ZC-1

ZE-1

ZG-1 ZH-1

ZI-1

ZB

ZC

ZD

ZF

ZIZJ R-11

R-12

R-15

R-16

TDS (mg/l) in the shallow groundwater around the tailing ponds in 2003

1000 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

577000 577500 578000 578500 579000 579500 580000 58050075000

75500

76000

76500

77000

77500

78000

78500

79000

A-02

B-02

C-02

G

H

U-09

U-10

U-11 U-12 U-13

U-15

U-16

U-17

U-18

U-21

U-22

U-23

V-01

V-03

V-05

V-07

V-09

V-12

V-13

V-14

V-15

V-17

V-21

V-22V-23

V-24

V-25

V-26

V-27V-29

V-34

V-36

V-37

V-38

V-40

VII

XIIIBicsérd-2/F-3

Pellérd-1/F-3

ZA-2

ZB-2

ZC-2

ZD-2

ZE-2

ZF-2

ZG-2

TDS (mg/l) in the deeper groundwater around the tailing ponds in 2003

1000 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

5-20 m 25-40 m

TPI

TPII

GW cont. : high TDS (Mg, Na, Ca, SO4, Cl),inadequat neutralization of the barren pulp

TDS~18 g/l

Shallow GW5-20 m

Deeper GW25-40 m

U~ 10 µg/lU~ 60 µg/l

TDS~4 g/l


Shallow GW5-20 m

Deeper GW25-40 m

Filtration

Retention basin

Treated mine water (U~0.3 mg/l)

Lime

PRINCIPAL FLOW SHEET OF THE GW TREATMENTOnly shallow

GW and seepage from TPs are treated

Only shallow GW and seepage from TPs are treated

Commom discharge basin

Mg(OH)2 + gypsum

~12 g/l

~6 g/l

4 g/l


0.5 million m3/y

REMEDIATION OF THE TPsREMEDIATION OF THE TPs(cover design)(cover design)

TP I.- 1962-1980,1990-1997

- 100 ha- 15 768 kt tailings- 71,3 g/t U- 1 125 t UTP II.- 1981-1989- 59.3 ha- 4 599 kt tailings- 55.8 g/t U- 257 t U

Tailings ponds were dewatered, fine tailings zone stabilised, and than coveredTailings ponds were dewatered, fine

tailings zone stabilised, and than covered

II

Loose loessLoose loess

SandComp. loessClay

~20 mm/y

1.5 m

I

Loose loessLoose loess

Comp. loessProt. layer, comp.loess

Clay

~30 mm/y

1.6 m


WATER EROSION OF THE SOIL COVER ON TAILINGS PONDS

Length of slopes:~100 mwithout horizontal steps

Erosion was reduced by making furrow ditchesto divert the water flow


STABILIZATION OF THE FINE TAILINGS ZONE

Cooperation with Wismut

and C &E

Special task was the

stabilization of the weak slime

zone

Field test for receiving experience


1

2

4

3

0 +8 0 0

0 + 7 0 0

0 + 6 0 0

0 + 5 0 0

0 + 4 00

0 + 3 00

0 + 2 00

0 +0 0 0

0 + 7 0 0

0 + 6 0 0

0 + 5 0 0

0+ 400

0 + 3 0 0

0 + 2 0 0

0 + 1 0 0

0 + 0 0 0 = 0 + 1 0 0

1 / 1. v í

z e lv e z

e t õ v á

p a1 . v í z e l v e z e t õ v á p a

• Fine-tailings zone• Geomaterial (13 ha)

• Drainage trench

Length: 1050 m depth:4-6 md:160 mm Q~ 40 m3/d (~0.076 m3/m2/d)Length: 1050 m depth:4-6 md:160 mm Q~ 40 m3/d (~0.076 m3/m2/d)

DRAIN IN FINE TAILINGS


After finishing the covering of tailings pond I., natural background values are expected.

Long term change of effective dose components in the vicinity of taikings

ponds (Pellérd, nearby village)2000 – 2008.

0,0

0,5

1,0

1,5

2,0

2,5

3,0

3,5

4,0

4,5

márc.00

aug.00

jan.01

jún.01

nov.01

ápr.02

szept.02

jan.03

jún.03

nov.03

ápr.04

szept.04

febr.05

júl.05

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Effec

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v/y

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Population dose limit: nat. background +1 mSv/y

TREND!?

Trend?

2000 2008

Ambient gamma Aerosol alpha Summa dose Rn progeny

1.8

0.9

Effective dose component dropped by ~1 mS/y

IN-PLACE WATER TREATMENT (on WP and former HL)

U-cont.

P1

P2

Seepage from WR (Frici-táró, ~40 m3/d)

Seepage from WR (Frici-táró, ~40 m3/d) HL site N1HL site N1

Passive/semi passive methods of water treatment

EXPERIMENTAL PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIER

(for in situ water treatment)course ZVI + sandZVI + sandsandclay

HDPE

Bentofix

aquiferspiezometric head

Design of experimental Permeable Reactive Barrier

GW flow, U~2 mg/l

Installed:August 2002

28 monitoringwells

U<0.1 mg/l

39 t Fe(0)

Fe +sand~1:1PEREBAR- EU-sponsored project


Test site

LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF THE INSTALLED EXPERIMENTAL PRB

Specific electric conductivity, µS/cm

Monitoring


Ore reserves(left behind on the site)

•Mining and processing of U-ore was terminated in 1997 because of economical reason

•Total estimated solid ore reserve (U~0.12%):•39 Mt (up to –1300 m depth)

•From which mined out solid ore was 20 Mt(28 Mt in form of run-off-mine ore )

•Reserves left behind: 19 Mt 12 Mt (1200-1300 m) 7 Mt (1000-1200 m)

THANK YOU FOR YOURKIND ATTENTION

ND 424L 76X50

Detection efficiency: 5600

imp/s/gU

Decreasing the background and installation more sensitive detectors

DEVELOPMENT OF THE RADIOMETRIC SORTING PROCESS OF THE ORE


3.4.4 SUBSIDENCE ON THE SLIME ZONE (2001-

2007)Maximum: 1.6 m/7 years,Presently~2 cm/yMaximum: 1.6 m/7 years,Presently~2 cm/y


Borehole S-11

Cond (uS/cm) Uranium (ug/l)





0 4,000,000 8,000,000 12,000,000

1999-08-28

2003-08-27

2007-08-26

2011-08-25

2015-08-24

2019-08-23

2023-08-22

0 200,000 400,000 600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000volume of cavities [m3]

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-600

-400

-200

0

200

400

water

leve

l [mAs

l]

Adit level

Legendwater level (mAsl)volume of cavities (m3)

3.1.2 URANIUM CONCENTRATION IN DEEP MINES’ WATER

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TP no 1.

TP no 1.

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TP no 1.

TP no 1.

Shallow GW5-20 m

Deeper GW25-40 m

Shallow GW(TDS) Deeper GW(TDS)

12 (18) g/l

2001

4-5 g/l

23 g/l

3.4 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ON 3.4 GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION ON TPs AREATPs AREA

Most part of the Mg leached from the ore remained in the tailings waterMost part of the Mg leached from the ore remained in the tailings water

2.4 ESTIMATION OF THE TDS IN TAILINGS WATER

(Balance of acid and neutralizing agents [lime, lime stone grinds, dolomite from the ore] in the mill process)

Tailings water: 32 million m3

~20-22 g/l


~20-22 g/l

Quantity of TDS seeped into the

groundwater ~400 kt


groundwater ~400 kt

CaMg(CO3)2+H2SO4

ΣTDS~546 kt MgSO4+84 kt NaCl~630 kt

pH~7-7.5pH~7-7.5

A Beruházási Program létesítményi sorainak költségeloszlás diagramja 13%

8%

4%

11%

40%

6%

1%

1%

3%9%

5%

Földalatti létesítmények felhagyása Külszíni létesítmények és területek rek.Meddıhányók és környezetük rek. Perkolációs dombok és környezetük rek.Zagytározók és környezetük rek. Bányavíz kezelésVillamos energia hálózat rekonstrukciója Víz- és csatornahálózat rekonstrukciójaEgyéb infrastrukturális szolgáltatás Egyéb tevékenységTartalék az 1998-2003. éves összegre

Planned cost of remediation (1997-2002): 18,5 Billion HUF (74 Million EU)

The distribution of the total cost between the sub-projects

Closing of underground minesReclamation of waste rock pilesReclamation of tailings pondsReconstruction of the electric networkOther infrastructural serviceReserve

Reclam. of surficial facilities and areasReclamation of heap leaching sitesWater treatmentReconstr. of water and sewage systemOther activities (staff etc.)

3.4.1 CONTAMINATION UNDER THE TPs

25 m10 m

577000 577500 578000 578500 579000 579500 580000 58050075000

75500

76000

76500

77000

77500

78000

78500

79000

A-01

B-01

C-01

H/1

U-09/1

U-10/1

U-11/1U-13/1

U-14/1

U-16/1

U-17/1

U-18/1

U-19/1

U-20/1

U-21/1

V-01/1

V-02/1

V-03/1

V-05/1

V-07/1

V-08/1

V-10/1

V-11/1

V-13/1

V-14/1

V-15/1

V-16/1

V-17/1

V-18/1

V-19/1

V-20/1

V-21/1

V-22/1V-23/1

V-24/1

V-25/1

V-26/1

V-27/1

V-28/1

V-29/1

V-30/1

V-32/1

V-33/1

V-35/1

V-36/1

V-37/1

V-38/1

V-39/1

V-41/1

VIII/1

X/1

XIII /1

XVIII /1

XXVII/1

Bicsérd-2/F-5

Pellérd-1/F-5

ZA-1ZB-1

ZC-1

ZE-1

ZG-1 ZH-1

ZI-1

ZB

ZC

ZD

ZF

ZIZJ R-11

R-12

R-15

R-16

1000 4000 8000 12000 16000 20000

0 500 1000 1500 2000

-40-35-30-25-20-15-10-50

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000TDS, mg/l

Dept

h, m

U~30 µg/l

2005

Pellérd

P éc se r -B ac h

Wasserbehandlungsbetrieb

I. Schlammteich

II. Schlammteich

SammlerschachtDekontaminierungs BrunneMonitoring BrunneDrainleitungRohrleitungsnetzWasserbehandlungsbetriebTrinkwasser Brunne

GW extraction wells: 27 Deep dranage: 3.2 kmVolume of the extracted Extracted volume of waterin period of (2001-2008) was3.4 million m3, 44 kt of TDS.

3.3.3 GROUNDWATER RESTORATION3.3.3 GROUNDWATER RESTORATION

Water treatment: pump and treat with lime milk.

Sludge : Dry 3-4 kt/a)Yearly operation cost:

800 000 US $ (~1.9 US $/m3)

TP2

TP1

3.1.1 URANIUM IN THE SEEPAGE OF WASTE ROCK

PILES

It can be expected that the uranium attenuation will be slow process

It can be expected that the uranium attenuation will be slow process

Az urántartalom 4 mg/l körüli értékre csökkent 2008-ban

A bányavíz urántartalmának idıben valóváltozása

Perkolációs oldatok esetenkénti bányatérségekbe való leengedése

A perolációs oldatok elısegítették az urán gyorsabb kioldódását a bányatérségbıl

Kivont urán:17 t

REMEDIATION OF THE MILL SITEThe most contaminatedground was found on the ore and acid storagesite, as well as under the yellow cake production facilities.

Scraps of mill balls

Total cost of remediation of the mill site:~ 5 million US $;~0.37 US $/kgU

•Demolition•Clean-up with soil replacing (0.35 Million m3)

Most part of the Mg leached from the ore remained in the tailings waterMost part of the Mg leached from the ore remained in the tailings water

Assasement of the quantity of dissolved compounds disposed on tailings ponds

(Balance of acid and neutralizing agents in the mill process)


~20-22 g/l


~20-22 g/l


groundwater ~400 kt


groundwater ~400 kt

CaMg(CO3)2+H2SO4

ΣTDS~546 kt MgSO4+84 kt NaCl~630 kt

pH~7-7.5pH~7-7.5Na+ K+ Ca2+ Mg2+ Mn2+ SO42- Cl- NO3

- TDS U Ramg/l Bq/l

1.1 0.18 0.60 2.80 0.70 13 2.4 0.18 21 <0.1 5g/l

Estimated composition of the seepage from TPs

PERMEABLE REACTIVE PERMEABLE REACTIVE BARRIERBARRIER

The installation is located in a narrow valley at the foot of WPN3, linking the mining area with drinking wateraquifer

(Zsid-valley)

WP3

GW flowdirection

PRB

Valley

Long-term performance of the PRB in respect of removing of the uranium from groundwater

0200400600800

1000120014001600

13.03.96

11.12.96

18.03.97

22.10.97

14.05.98

04.12.98

30.09.99

25.07.00

11.01.01

07.01.02

07.02.02

28.11.02

15.01.03

27.03.03

22.09.03

12.09.05

28.03.06

12.09.06

Sampling date

U, µg

/l

0200400600800100012001400160018002000

TDS,

mg/l

Hb1/1 UHb1/1 TDSUpstream, U

Construction of the PRB

(August 2002)

LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF THE INSTALLED EXPERIMENTAL PRB

Experience gained from the former oreExperience gained ...€¦ · Experience gained from the...

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