Experience from Zambia: extending regulation to urban OSS ... · construction Poorly built onsite...
Transcript of Experience from Zambia: extending regulation to urban OSS ... · construction Poorly built onsite...
Experience from Zambia: extending regulation to urban OSS and rural WSS
Peter MutaleChief Inspector
NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION COUNCIL
Current Initiatives and Progress
NWASCO Presentation Outline
• Background
• Current Situation Urban OSS & FSM
• Current Situation Rural WSS
• New Regulatory framework for OSS and FSM
• New Regulatory framework for Rural WSS
• Implementation Framework
• Recommendations & Lessons Learnt
• Conclusion & Challenges
BackgroundUrban and Rural WSS Coverage (Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2017
Report)
ElementUrban (%) Rural (%)
2000 2015 2000 2015
Safely managed water services 49 47 No data No data
At least basic water services 83 86 30 44
Safely managed sanitation services No data No data No data No data
At least basic sanitation services 51 49 13 19
Open defecation 2 1 36 25
Use of onsite Sanitation 26 33 12 19
Use of sewer connections 25 16 1 0
BackgroundRegional and Zambia Hygiene Estimates (WHO/UNICEF JMP 2017 Report)
Region 2015
Sub-saharan Africa National Rural Urban
Population (thousands) 962,287 - -
%Urban 38 - -
Basic Hygiene 15% 10% 24%
Limited (without water or soap) 22% 23% 20%
No facility 63% 67% 55%
Zambia National Rural Urban
Population (thousands) 16,212 - -
%Urban 41 - -
Basic Hygiene 14% 5% 26%
Limited (without water or soap) 28% 24% 33%
No facility 59% 71% 41%
Background
General
● National Water Policies & Legislation to facilitate reforms in place since 1990
● From 1989 to 2009, 11 Commercial Utilities (CUs) formed for WSS services
● To date NWASCO regulates 11 CUs and 6 Private Schemes
Key National Programmes and Strategies
● Vision 2030 in line with SDGs
● Seventh National Development Plan 2016 to 2021 (aligned to SDGs)
● National Urban WSS Programme (2011 to 2030)
● National Rural WSS Programme (2016 to 2030), to be launched
● National WSS Capacity Development Strategy (2015 to 2020)
● National Urban and Peri-urban Sanitation Strategy (2015 to 2030)
● Open Defecation Free Zambia Strategy (2018 to 2030)
Water Sector Reforms
Extension of Regulatory Framework Linked to Ngor Commitments
NgorNo
Ngor Commitments Targeted Element in Regulation
1
Focus on the poorest, most marginalised and unserved aimed at progressively eliminating inequalities in access and use and implement national and local strategies with an emphasis on equity and sustainability;
• Extension of Regulating aimed at meeting SDGs
• Affordability and pricing
• Updated tariff guidelines
• Minimum service level guidelines
6Ensure inclusive, safely-managed sanitation services and functional hand-washing facilities in public institutions and spaces;
9Establish government-led monitoring, reporting, evaluation, learning and review systems;
NIS linked to MWDSEP WASH system
Current Situation Onsite Sanitation & FSM
● No data for safely managed sanitation
● No regulation and standards for FSM
● Inadequate coordination and agreement on
acceptable sanitation
● Inadequate coordination of actors across
the sanitation service chain
● Inadequate data on existing onsite
sanitation service provision
● Inadequate enforcement on constructed
sanitation facilities- pollution of water
Gaps in Urban Onsite Sanitation:
Current Situation Onsite Sanitation & FSM
● No standards for Onsite Sanitation facilities
construction
● Poorly built onsite sanitation facilities
● Unhealthy emptying of onsite sanitation
facilities- workers & public health risk
● Illegal dumping of faecal sludge
● No Faecal Sludge (FS) treatment plants
● FS treated at Wastewater plants- high O&M
costs and facility degradation
● Uncontrolled pricing– unaffordable services
Gaps in Urban Onsite Sanitation (continued):
Current Situation Rural WSS Service Provision
● Inadequate drinking water quality
monitoring — quality not assured
● Monitoring and reporting not consistent
compared to urban WSS.
● Some districts covered by developed IMS
(DHIS2)
● Inadequate O&M - availability of WSS
facilities not assured
● Some districts covered by Sustainable
Operations & Maintenance Programme
(SOMAP)
Gaps in Rural WSS service provision:
Current Situation Rural WSS Service Provision
● Adherence to standards — no
enforcement of standards
● Sustainability — long-term
sustainability of WSS interventions
may be at risk
● Uncoordinated interventions
Gaps in Rural WSS service provision (continued):
New Regulatory framework for OSS and FSM
Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental Protection (MWDSEP)● Overall Water Sector policy guidance and
resource mobilisation● Overall coordination of the Water Sector and
Environmental protectionNWASCO● Issue licence to CUs for sanitation.● Issue permit to other providers under CULocal Authorities ● continue providing business licenses● Issuing by-laws for sanitation service provision
Roles and Responsibilities
New Regulatory framework for OSS and FSM
Zambia Environmental Management Agency● licensing trucks carrying sewage or sludge● develop standards for final faecal sludge/reuse
with ZABSWater Resources Management Authority● Issue permits for abstraction of waterCommercial Utilities● Licensed overall Implementing agent WSS
service provision● Overall responsibility for sustainability of
sanitation service chain
Roles and Responsibilities (continued):
New Institutional Arrangements-Regulation of Onsite Sanitation & FSM
NWASCO
Ministry of Water Development, Sanitation and Environmental Protection
ZEMA
FSM Private Operator (P.O.)
outside CU service areas
Mobile toilets
Community Based Service Providers
CU Operation
Key Full- existing Dotted-proposed
FSM Private Operator within the CU service
areas
Protection of environment
and ecosystems
Regulation of water supply and sanitation
service delivery
To CUsIssues licenses to protect Environment
To FSM Private OperatorsIssues licenses to protect Environment
To CUsIssues licenses for WSS services.
To FSM Private Operators (not under CU service areas)To issue permits for FSM services
Proposed Faecal Sludge Management Approach
COLLECTION TRANSPORT TREATMENTDISPOSAL/
ENDUSEThe Sanitation Chain
EMPTYING CONVEYANCE TREATMENTDISPOSAL/
ENDUSEThe Sanitation Service Chain CONTAINMENT
The Main Facilities/
equipment Used
All Areas
Off-site Sanitation System
Water Closet/
toilet by
Households
Sewer
connection
by CUs
Sewerage
system by CUs
Wastewater
Treatment
Plant/DEWATS
by CUs or
Private
OperatorsAgricultue
or other
The Main Facilities/
equipment Used
High Cost, Formal Areas
On-site Sanitation System
Septic tanks by
Households
Vacuum
tankers/
exhausters
by CUs or
Private
Operators
Faecal Sludge
Treatment
Plants/
Biodigestors by
CUs or Private
OperatorsAgriculture
or other
Vacuum tankers/
exhausters by
CUs or Private
Operators
The Main Facilities/
equipment Used
Peri-Urban, Informal Areas
On-site Sanitation System
Pit latrines by
Households
Gulpers,
scooping
buckets by
pit emptiers
(individual
or CBO)
Transfer stations
by CU or Private
Operators Agriculture
or other
Faecal Sludge
Treatment
Plants/
Biodigestors by
CUs or Private
Operators
Pit latrine/
Septic tanks
by Households
New Regulatory framework for Rural WSS
● NWASCO Will issue a licence to CUs to cover entire
town/district for WSS service
● Other service providers, including LAs will be given
NWASCO permits to work through CU licenses
New Institutional Arrangements for Rural WSS Regulation
Conventional Main WSS
Urban
Peri-Urban WSS
WSS Schemes
Rural
WSS Points
CU ManagementLocal Authority
– RWSS Unit
CUScheme
OperatorsCU/CBO
RWSS Unit
NWASCO
WSS Schemes(Taken over by CU)
Growth Centre Scheme Operators
Key
Existing management reporting
Proposed MoU
Proposed Regulation
WSS already
under CU
WSS still under LA
WSS under
LA
Area Service Area Responsibility Licensing Arrangements
Urban Urban Commercial Utility NWASCO license- entire district.
Peri-Urban Commercial Utility Part of overall NWASCO License.
Delegated Mgt-
CBOs, Priv. Sector
Through CU License using a
Management Contract.
Rural Growth
Centres -
piped system
Commercial Utility Part of overall license (above)
Local Authority Not
yet taken up by CUs
NWASCO permit: specific
conditions-MoUs - LAs,CU& CBOs
Rural Instit. Institution - e.g.
Schools, Clinic,etc)
NWASCO permit with specific
conditions for type of institution
Rural
settlements-
point sources
Local Authority (LA) NWASCO permit with specific
conditions. Strategies/guidelines-
NUSS, ODF Strategy, SOMAP, etc
Summary of New WSS Service Provision and Licensing
Implementation Framework
No Deliverable Time Remarks
1.
Institutional and legal framework agreement June
2018
• Clarified RWSS instit. & legal frameworks
• Operational approach streamlined in
frameworks for RWSS
2.
Amend CU licences and service level guarantees & agreements (SLG/As)
Dec.
2018
• Operating Licenses amended
• SLG/As have been revised
• Stakeholders consultations - 1st Qtr, 2019.
3.
Establish guidelines and standards urban OSS & RWSS
Dec.
2018
They have been established awaiting further
consultations with key stakeholders within
1st quarter of 2019.
4. Definition-National sanitation standards/ code of practice
Dec.
2018
To be concluded within the 1st quarter of
2019
No Deliverable Time Remarks
5. Improve data collection
and reporting for rural
December
2018
Framework on data and information
management developed, aligned to SDGs
6.Revise NIS to link to Rural
WASH IMS (DHIS2)July 2018
• To enhance Monitoring to align to
SDGs for urban and rural WSS services
• NIS revised and provided link to the
DHIS2 (Aligned to SDGs)
7.
Strengthen NWASCO
capacity- implementation
of the frameworks.
2018 –
2020
• NWASCO has visited countries and
institutions for learning.
• 2019 budget includes extra staff
8.Joint implementation
team (JIT)
1st Qtr
2019Three JITs will be established for 3 CUs
9. Regulation of OSS and
Rural WSS
2nd Qtr
2019
Monitoring will start slowly while other
measures are being put in place.
Implementation Framework (Continued)
Recommendations and Lessons Learnt
● Articulating current situation and present expected
future
● Clarity of roles and responsibilities for everyone is key
● Rules, regulations & standards needed for effectiveness
● Engagement of key stakeholders for consensus building
Recommendations and Lessons Learnt Cont’d
● Special purpose vehicle to fund WSS projects in Rural areas in initial
stages
● Data management has to be enhanced – GIS mapping crucial
● Comprehensive survey on existing forms of sanitation a must
● Business model for provision of FSM services needed
● Must develop collaborative framework with key stakeholders
Conclusion and Challenges
● With daunting tasks of universal access under SDGs for safely
managed services, OSS and rural WSS need to be regulated
● With rules, regulations and legal framework in place, the challenge
remains with enforcement.
● Clear workable enforceable mechanisms needed
● Regulation of onsite sanitation and RWSS is achievable with right
tools in place.