Expanding the lexicon

● Compounding● Converting● Suffixation● Reanalysis

Expanding the lexicon

● Compounding

– Putting two complete words together

Expanding the lexicon

● Compounding

– Putting two complete words together

– Many different formulas• horse shoes (shoes horses wear)

• alligator shoes (shoes made of alligator skin)

Expanding the lexicon

● Compounding

– Putting two complete words together

– Many different formulas• horse shoes (shoes horses wear)

• alligator shoes (shoes made of alligator skin)

• talcum powder (powder made of talcum)

• baby powder (powder for babies)

Expanding the lexicon

● Compounding

– Putting two complete words together

– Many different formulas• forklift (lift using a fork)

• airlift (lift using the air?)

Expanding the lexicon

● Compounding

– Putting two complete words together

– Many different formulas• forklift (lift using a fork)

• airlift (lift using the air?)

• snowbird (person who flees from the snow)

• snowblind (blindness caused by the snow)

Expanding the lexicon

● What is the -s-?

– spokesperson

– oarsman

– tribesman

– huntsman

– klansman (is there more than one Klan?)

– frontierswoman

– outdoorsperson

Expanding the lexicon

● Conversion

– making a word with one part of speech into a different part of speech without a morpheme

• Mickey MouseN– That's really Mickey MouseADJ

• bottleN– They had it bottledV

• guideV– He's my guideN

Expanding the lexicon

● Suffixation

– Add an affix to create a new word• -ish

• -oholic

• -ability

• -ify

– See COHA

Expanding the lexicon

● Suffixation

– Add an affix to create a new word• mini-

• -ee

• retro-

– See COHA

Expanding the lexicon

● Suffixation

– Add an affix to create a new word• -ity or -ness more productive?

– See COHA

• What is the difference?– stupidness / stupidity– agressivness / agressivity– Could this account for difference?

Expanding the lexicon

● Suffixation

– Add an affix to create a new word• -ity or -ness more productive?

– See COHA

• What is the difference?– stupidness / stupidity– agressivness / agressivity

Expanding the lexicon

● Backformation

– The opposite of suffixation• burglar > burgle

• editor > edit

Expanding the lexicon

● Backformation

– The opposite of suffixation• television > televise

• recreation > recreate

Expanding the lexicon

● Backformation

– The opposite of suffixation• television > televise

• recreation > recreate

• pronunciation > pronunciate

• conversation > conversate

Expanding the lexicon

● Backformation

– The opposite of suffixation• television > televise

• recreation > recreate

• pronunciation > pronunciate

• conversation > conversate

– Don't believe me? Google it!

Expanding the lexicon

● Blending

– Combining parts of words• smog

• chortle

Expanding the lexicon

● Blending

– Combining parts of words• smog < smoke+fog

• chortle < chuckle+snort

Expanding the lexicon

● Blending

– Combining parts of words• smog < smoke+fog

• chortle < chuckle+snort

• modem <

• motel <

• blog <

Expanding the lexicon

● Blending

– Combining parts of words• smog < smoke+fog

• chortle < chuckle+snort

• modem < modulate+demodulate

• motel <motor+hotel

• blog < web+log

Expanding the lexicon

● Blending

– Combining parts of words• aggrify

• guesstimate

• telethon

• electrocute

Lexical Acquisition

● If at 6 a kid knows 14,000 words he's learned 6 new words every day of his life.

Lexical Acquisition

● If at 6 a kid knows 14,000 words he's learned 6 new words every day of his life.

● If at 17 he knows 60,000 words he's learned 20 words a day since he was 6.

Lexical Acquisition

● Assumptions of labeling

– Doggy means the whole thing (not the tail or fur)

Lexical Acquisition

● Assumptions of labeling

– Doggy means the whole thing (not the tail or fur)

– Doggy refers to all of them not just the one token

Lexical Acquisition

● Assumptions of labeling

– Doggy means the whole thing (not the tail or fur)

– Doggy refers to all of them not just the one token

– Doggy refers to all things with similar characteristics

Lexical Acquisition

● Labeling

– Kids says doggy• Does that mean the dog or the barking?

Lexical Acquisition

● Labeling

– Look at the doggy

– Not doggy

– Yes, it's a doggy

– Doggy home

Lexical Acquisition

● Packaging

– Learning the correct boundaries for the word

Lexical Acquisition

● Overextension

– juice=all drinks

– doggie=all animals

Lexical Acquisition

● Overextension

– juice=all drinks

– doggie=all animals● Underextension

– Doggy means a particular one

Lexical Acquisition

● Reasons for overextension

– gap fill• kid sees difference, but has no word for it

– duck is doggy

Lexical Acquisition

● Reasons for overextension

– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive

difference

Lexical Acquisition

● Reasons for overextension

– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive

difference

• kid uses different prototype than adults– cookies are round (Lorna Doones aren't cookies)

Lexical Acquisition

● Reasons for overextension

– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive

difference

• kid uses different prototype than adults– cookies are round (Lorna Doones aren't cookies)– Furry four-legged things are doggies

Lexical Acquisition

● Reasons for overextension

– mental fog / wrong analysis• kid isn't mentally developed enough to perceive

difference

• kid uses different prototype than adults– cookies are round (Lorna Doones aren't cookies)– Furry four-legged things are doggies– I fall the ball. No transitive / intransitive difference

Lexical Acquisition

● Network building

– making connections with other words

Lexical Acquisition

● Where is the woman filling the glass?

Lexical Acquisition

● Which is the big one?

– kids choose square in a and b

Lexical Acquisition

● Which is the tall one?

– kids choose square in a and b

Lexical Acquisition

● Which is the long one?

– kids choose square in a and b