Expanding on the Science of Healthy Aginghealthyaging.psu.edu/sites/default/files/Healthy Aging...
Transcript of Expanding on the Science of Healthy Aginghealthyaging.psu.edu/sites/default/files/Healthy Aging...
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Expanding on the Science of Healthy Aging
Martin Sliwinski, PhD
Director, Penn State Center for Healthy Aging
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Healthy
Center for
Healthy Aging
Foxdale Village
OLLI Mount Nittany Medical Center
The Village at Penn
State
Home Instead Senior Care
Healthy Aging Lecture Series Partners
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
“The Silver Tsunami”
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
0
20
40
60
80
100
Number of 65+ in the US (millions)
• 1 in 5 people will be 65+ In 10-20 years…
• 1 in 3 people will be 65+ By 2050…
• Expect to live 19+ years If you reach age 65…
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
The Epidemiology of Healthy Aging
Lifespan: the average length of life in years
Lifespan is about living longer…
Healthspan: the period (in years) of one’s life that is generally healthy
Healthspan is about living better!
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Lifespan vs. Healthspan
Age
60 75
Onset of morbidity (chronic conditions)
Death
Age-related Diseases
Living healthier, not just longer
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Age
60 75
60 85
Life Extension (↑ lifespan)
Longer life, But more “sick” years
Lifespan vs. Healthspan Living healthier, not just longer
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Age
60 75
70 80
Compression of Morbidity
(↑ healthspan)
More healthy years, Fewer sick years
Lifespan vs. Healthspan Living healthier, not just longer
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Emotional
Cognitive
Physical
Social
Healthy Aging
Sense of
purpose
Independence
Resilience
Social
Connectedness
Longevity is not enough…
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Pitfalls: “What goes wrong” (risk factors)
Pathways: “What goes right” (protective factors)
Things that threaten our capacity for healthy aging
Things that promote our capacity for healthy aging
Eat smart! Be active! Stay engaged!
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Three Levels of Prevention
Primary
Prevention: BEFORE you get the disease
Secondary
Prevention:
After the disease or serious risk
factor, but BEFORE any symptoms
Manage long-term health problems
to maximize quality of life
Tertiary
Prevention:
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The Center for Healthy Aging
What do you expect when you are ‘old’? (65+)
1. Trouble paying bills 2. Being a burden 3. Not being able to drive 4. A serious illness 5. Memory loss 6. Not sexually active 7. Feeling sad/depressed 8. Not feeling needed 9. Loneliness
Threats to our Quality of Life
1. Memory loss (57%)
2. Not being able to drive (45%)
3. Serious Illness (42%)
4. Not sexually active (34%)
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Targets for Dementia Prevention Efforts: Modifiable Risk and Protective Factors
Source: Anstey et al. (2012) Prevention Science
Risk Factors
• BMI
• High Cholesterol
• Smoking
• TBI
• Pesticide exposure
Protective Factors
• Physical Activity
• Cognitive Activity
• Social Engagement
• Moderate Alcohol
• Fish consumption
Midlife (30s-60s) Seniors (65+)
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
The Importance of Lifestyle
Fratiglioni, L., Paillard-Borg, S., & Winblad, B. (2004). An active and socially integrated lifestyle in late life might protect
against dementia. Lancet Neurology, 3(6), 343-353.
50% of dementia worldwide due to modifiable (preventable) causes
Barnes, D. E., & Yaffe, K. (2011). The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalence.
The Lancet Neurology, 10(9), 819-828. doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(11)70072-2
Physical Inactivity contributes to largest proportion of dementia in U.S.
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Engaged Lifestyles
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
Overall BoardGames
Reading Crosswords Dancing
Dem
en
tia R
isk
Red
ucti
on
Social aspect to these activities
Verghese, J., Lipton, R., Katz, M., Hall, C., Derby., C., Kuslansky, G., Ambrose, A., Sliwinski, M., & Buschke, H. (2003).
Leisure Activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. The New England Journal of Medicine. June 19.
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Driving Safety
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2011)
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Source: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (2011)
Crash rate increases in drivers 60+ (uptick after age 80)
Crash rates still higher in 20-24 year old vs. 70-74 year old drivers
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
What does this mean?
Smaller % of all crashes Drive less reduce risk
↑ Crash rate per mile ↑ Fatality rate per mile
Mature Drivers…
Mature drivers present a lower risk to others…
But experience increasing personal risk of crash
This means…
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
What can we do about this? “Brain Training” can increase a person’s Useful Field of View (UFOV)
Benefits –Safer driving
–Maintained driving
–Better Health, lower health costs
–Reduced Risk for Depression
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
Concluding remarks • 65+ is the fastest growing part of society
• Healthy Aging is about…
– Increasing Healthspan, not just lifespan
– Prevention is key
• Preserve Cognitive Health
– Be active (or not sedentary)
– Stay socially and mentally engaged
• Driver Safety
– Crash risk increases as we age
– May be ways to improve safety/maintain
independence
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging
The Department of Human Development and Family Studies
The Center for Healthy Aging