Exotic Germplasm – Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial PerspectiveA Commercial PerspectiveGEM Cooperator Meeting Jerry Rice

Dec. 7, 2005

Exotic Germplasm = Exotic Germplasm = Unadapted GermplasmUnadapted Germplasm

[i.e. South American Germplasm

into North America]

Exotic Germplasm / Other Crops:Exotic Germplasm / Other Crops:

Cotton: G. harknesiicms & Restorer Genes(hybrid cotton)

Grain Sorghum: World Collection (PI)Greenbug Biotype Resistance

Importance of Exotic Germplasm in BreedingImportance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

Disease ToleranceInsect ToleranceIncreased Genetic DiversityIncreased YieldEnhanced Stability across EnvironmentsSpecialty Traits

Exotic Germplasm / Challenges:Exotic Germplasm / Challenges:

Difficult to evaluatePhotoperiod Sensitivity unattractive phenotype

Tall plants with high ear placement

Standability Issues generally have weak rootsHigh Harvest Moisture generally later maturity

Tight husks and slow dry-down

Requires more ResourcesLarger Popn size and more segregates to evaluateLong Term Investment (success in 2nd to 3rd Gen.)

Exotic Germplasm Breeding:Exotic Germplasm Breeding:

Importance of Exotic Germplasm in BreedingImportance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

Disease ToleranceInsect ToleranceIncreased Genetic DiversityIncreased YieldEnhanced Stability across EnvironmentsSpecialty Traits

Previous Experience / Cargill Hybrid SeedsPrevious Experience / Cargill Hybrid Seeds::Brazil *Argentina *MexicoSouth Africa ** ThailandItaly

* Research Liaison ** Tech. Advisor

PhilippinesChinaFranceGermanyPakistan

Current DAS / Mycogen Seeds:Current DAS / Mycogen Seeds:

ArgentinaBrazilMexicoPhilippines

Germplasm Pools / Opportunities:Germplasm Pools / Opportunities:

USAStiff StalksNon-Stiff StalksIodentsOther

International Programs:TuxpenoTusonETOCateto CaribbeanSuwan

Exotic Germplasm with International ProgramExotic Germplasm with International Program

Shuttle Breeding Opportunities

Introgression Breeding Projects

Exchange Elite InbredsAll Possibilities (all countries – within & between)ObservationEvaluation

Shuttle Breeding -- Example:Shuttle Breeding -- Example:USA initiation of Trop (Brz)/Temp SSS PopnBrazil recycle (3) popn (earliness & dis. tol.)USA advance, select, & testcross (350 2)

multiple testers med. yield / not adv.Brazil multiple testers med. yield / not adv.Argentina multiple testers med. yield / not adv.S. Africa multiple testers high yield, GCA,Primary Tester for yellow program

Inbred Exchange / Opportunities:Inbred Exchange / Opportunities:

USA Obs. elite lines from BrazilImpressive plant healthImpressive GLS tolerance

Argentina Obs. elite lines from all countriesComplementary gene action / MRCV tol.Impressive MRCV tolerance

Brazil Obs. elite lines from USAEarliness with sufficient plant health

Introgression Projects:Introgression Projects:2005 Data Yield %H2O

MycoSSS(12.5%Brz)S3/TS-A 212 20.0MycoSSS(12.5%Brz)S3/TS-B 206 19.4

Commercial Hybrid Check #1 201 19.6Commercial Hybrid Check #2 216 20.1

Introgression Projects:Introgression Projects:2005 Data: Yield %H2O

TS-C/ MycoNSS(25%Brz)S4 205 19.3

Commercial Hybrid Check #1 207 19.6

Introgression Projects:Introgression Projects:2005 Data: Yield %H2O

TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Arg)S2A 217 20.0TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Arg)S2B 213 22.3

Commercial Hybrid Check #1 203 19.8

Introgression Projects:Introgression Projects:2005 Data: Yield %H2O

TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Brz)S1A 205 19.5Best Commercial Check 190 19.4

TS-E/ MycoNSS(25%Brz)S1B 216 19.2Best Commercial Check 197 20.3

Importance of Exotic Germplasm in BreedingImportance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

Disease ToleranceInsect ToleranceIncreased Yield (Grain and/or Silage)Enhanced Stability across EnvironmentsSpecialty Traits

Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.)Kernel Quality (food corn milling)

Others

AN EXCELLENT SOURCE OF AN EXCELLENT SOURCE OF EXOTIC GERMPASM EXOTIC GERMPASM

GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE (GEM) PROGRAM !!!

GEM Mission: Increase Genetic DiversityGEM Mission: Increase Genetic Diversity

Introgression of Exotic Germplasm into Temperate Germplasm utilizing:

LAMP Accessions (Exotic Sources)Evaluated for Yield and Adaptation

Elite Temperate GermplasmVia Germplasm Contributions from GEM Cooperators

GEM Exotic Sources / Available:GEM Exotic Sources / Available:

GEM Cooperator’s have the following types of Exotic Germplasm available from the base GEM Program:

Populations (F2’s and BC’s)S1’sS2’sGEM Releases (S4’s+)

Why use GEM Exotic Sources:Why use GEM Exotic Sources:

Solid Germplasm BackgroundsPre-Evaluated LAMP AccessionsElite Temperate Germplasm (GEM Cooperators)

NO “Strings Attached” for GEM CooperatorsNo RoyaltiesNo Breeding RestrictionsIncorporation directly into your Breeding Program

Uses of GEM Exotic Sources:Uses of GEM Exotic Sources:Fold Early Gen. (S1’s & S2’s) into your programGEM Popn X Proprietary Lines PopnProprietary Popn X GEM Releases PopnProprietary Line X GEM Release PopnOthers

GEM Popn / Myco Projects:GEM Popn / Myco Projects:

2005 Data: Yield %H2O

TS-A// GEMBR51403…/Myco 196 19.1TS-B// GEMBR51403…/Myco 191 19.9GEM/Cuba164…/Myco// TS-C 192 19.1

Commercial Hybrid Check 193 19.3

GEM Popn / Myco Projects:GEM Popn / Myco Projects:

Improvements:GEMBR51403…/Myco

Improved Plant HealthIncreased K-rows on earImproved Grain Texture (harder texture)

GEMCuba164…/MycoImproved Grain Texture(Tall plant with high ear placement)

GEMBR51403…/MycoGEMBR51403…/Myco

GEMCuba164…/MycoGEMCuba164…/Myco

University of Wisconsin / J.G. Coors, D.T. Eilert, University of Wisconsin / J.G. Coors, D.T. Eilert, & P.J. Flannery / 2004 GEM Report: & P.J. Flannery / 2004 GEM Report:

% t/a

2004 Silage Data Means Dry Matter Yield

ARZM17026:N101965008-2-3-1-2 X LH227 44.6 9.9165008-2-3-1-3 X LH227 43.4 9.44

Mean of 4 Checks 41.3 8.55

University of Delaware / J.A. Hawk & T. Weldekidan / University of Delaware / J.A. Hawk & T. Weldekidan / 2004 GEM Report: 2004 GEM Report:

2004 Data: Yield %H2O

Pioneer 31G98 223 22.5PioSSS/DK212T:N11a10)-107-2 216 22.7PioSSS/DK212T:N11a10)-156-1 212 22.6Pioneer 33B51 211 21.9Pioneer 34H31 200 20.5

USDA-ARS / P. Scott & M. Blanco 2004 USDA-ARS / P. Scott & M. Blanco 2004 GEM Report:GEM Report:

AA Index of DKXL212:N11a-139-1-1-B-B-B

Top Ranked sample in the AA indexing ranking study (Met + Trp + Lys + 0.5 Thr) outperforming the high ranking checks

Line has an unusually well balance AA content

Importance of Exotic Germplasm in BreedingImportance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding

Disease ToleranceInsect ToleranceIncreased Yield (Grain and/or Silage)Enhanced Stability across EnvironmentsSpecialty Traits

Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.)Kernel Quality (food corn milling)

Others

Exotic Germplasm – Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial PerspectiveA Commercial Perspective

Thank you for your Attention and for your Interest!!