Executive Branch ENFORCES LAWS. The Executive Branch consists of The President The Vice President...
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![Page 1: Executive Branch ENFORCES LAWS. The Executive Branch consists of The President The Vice President – What does the 25 th Amendment say? The Cabinet – 15.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b357f8b9ab05999c965/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Executive Branch ENFORCES LAWS
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The Executive Branch consists of
• The President• The Vice President
– What does the 25th Amendment say?• The Cabinet
– 15 of them• The federal bureaucracy
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Executive Branch=Article 2!!!!!!!!!!
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Qualifications for office,as stated in Article II of the U.S. Constitution
• Minimal qualifications• Only requirements are
– Must be 35 years old.– Must be a citizen (native born)– Residency (14 years in the United States)
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Does the President get to do whatever he wants??????
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No! This isn’t a dictatorship…it’s a democracy
• The Constitution gives the president certain powers (just like Congress has certain powers in Article I)
• However, CHECKS AND BALANCES LIMITS THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
• HOW?
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Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Negotiates treaties with foreign governments (foreign policy leader).
-Example of checks and balances= The Senate must approve treaties for them to take effect.
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Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Serves as commander-in-chief of the military (national security leader).– Example of checks and balances= Congress funds
and organizes the military and makes the rules for the military
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Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Negotiates treaties with foreign governments (foreign policy leader).
-Example of checks and balances= The Senate must approve treaties for them to take effect.
![Page 10: Executive Branch ENFORCES LAWS. The Executive Branch consists of The President The Vice President – What does the 25 th Amendment say? The Cabinet – 15.](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062306/5a4d1b357f8b9ab05999c965/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Nominates top federal officials, including federal judges and justices of the Supreme Court.– Example of checks and balances= The Senate
must approve these nominations.
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Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Vetoes legislation passed by Congress– Example of checks and balances= Congress can
override a veto with 2/3 vote in both chambers.
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Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Can pardon people– Constraint= Public outrage may imperil
popularity and reelection chances (ex. Gerald Ford’s pardon of Nixon).
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Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Addresses Congress and the nation and sets legislative priorities (State of the Union message; legislative leader)– Example of checks and balances= Congress can
choose to ignore presidential priorities.
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Constitutional Duties And Powers of the President (Article II and Article IV, Section 4)
• Faithfully administers federal laws (national policy leader); uses executive orders, proclamations, and memoranda to do so.– Example of checks and balances= Congress has
set up its own agencies to counter executive power (
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The Cabinet mentioned in the Constitution
• Article 2, Section 2 of the US Constitution
• [The President] may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices.
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Interesting Facts about Presidential Cabinets
• George Washington’s top two advisors, Jefferson and Hamilton, disagreed so bitterly that political parties formed around these two men.
• Andrew Jackson preferred a group of informal advisors known as the “Kitchen Cabinet.”
• John F. Kennedy paid more attention to the advice of his brother, Robert, who served as Attorney General, than his formal cabinet.
• Ronald Reagan held cabinet meetings an average of twice a week to stay informed.
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The First Executive Departments:George Washington’s Presidency
• Department of State—Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson
• Department of the Treasury—Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton
• Department of War—Secretary of Defense Henry Knox
• Office of the Attorney General—Edmund Randolph-became the Department of Justice in 1870
Today there are fifteen departments.
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The Cabinet Executive Departments
• Organized into 15 departments.• Secretaries appointed by president. • Confirmed by Senate (majority vote).
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State (1789)
• advises the president on foreign policy, negotiates treaties, represents the United States in international organizations
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Treasury (1789)
• collects federal revenues, pays federal bills, mints coins and prints paper money,
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Defense (1789)
• formed from the Department of War and the Department of the Navy (1789) but changed to the Department of Defense in 1947; manages the armed forces, operates military bases .
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Interior (1849)
• manages federal lands, refuges, and parks, operates hydroelectric facilities, manages Native American affairs
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Justice (1870)
• provides legal advice to the president, enforces federal laws, represents the United States in court, operates federal prisons
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Agriculture (1889)
• provides agricultural assistance to farmers and ranchers, inspects food, manages national forests
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Commerce (1903)
• grants patents and trademarks, conducts the national census, promotes international trade
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Labor (1913)
• enforces federal labor laws (child labor, minimum wage, safe working conditions), administers unemployment and job training programs
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Health and Human Services (1953)
• administers Social Security and Medicare/Medicaid Programs, promotes health care research, enforces pure food and drug laws
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Housing and Urban Development (1965)
• provides home financing and public housing programs, enforces fair housing laws
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Transportation (1967)
• promotes mass transit programs and programs for highways, railroads, and air traffic, enforces maritime law
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Energy (1977)
• promotes development and conservation of fossil fuels, nuclear energy, research programs
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Education (1979)
• administers federal aid programs to schools, engages in educational research
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Veterans Affairs (1989)
• promotes the welfare of veterans of the armed forces
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Homeland Security (2002)• prevents terrorist attacks within the United States,
reduces America's susceptibility to terrorism, minimizes damage and helps recovery from attacks that do occur; includes Coast Guard, Secret Service, Border Patrol, Immigration and Visa Services, and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
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Independent agencies
• They are called this because they are independent from the Cabinet
• Three types:– Executive agencies– Government corporations– Regulatory boards and commissions
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Let’s read about federal bureaucracy