Excretory and

Urinary System

Grp.7

FUNCTIONSRemoves metabolic and liquid toxic wastes as

well as excess water from the organism in the form of urine.

Getting rid of liquid wastes and balancing the body’s water level.

Carrying waste out of the body. For the elimination of waste product of

metabolism as well as other liquid and gaseous waste.

PARTS AND

FUNCTIONS:

Lung

s • to diffuse gaseous wastes such as carbon dioxide.

Liver • detoxifies and breaks down chemicals, poisons and other toxins that enters the body

Large Intestine•collects waste from throughout the body.

Skin•extract sweat through sweat glands throughout the body.

•Helps to remove additional waste.

PARTS AND

FUNCTIONS:

Urinary Bladder

temporarily holds the urine.

Sphincter Muscles

•controls the opening and closing of the urethral opening

Ureter

carries waste from the kidney to the bladder.

Urethra

carries off urine from the bladder.

Kidney

•blood filters, elimination of waste from the bloodstream by production of urine.

Kidney Parts and Functions

Renal vein

carries blood into the kidneys for filtering.

Renal Arter

y

carries filtered blood away from the kidney

Cortex

holds the glomerulus of each nephron in the center

Medulla

protects the kidney.

Pelvis

collects urine from nephron.

Glomerulus

gets water and chemicals from the body into the body.

Bowman’s capsule

Holds

the

glomerulus.

Nephrons

filter

PROCESS

A.Formation

In theKidney

– The nephrons filter out water, wastes and other substances like urea and salts from the blood.

– Followed by the reabsorption by the kidney of water and other essential substances like amino acids and glucose.

– The chemicals actively removed (urea,salt,etc.) from the blood and the filtrate not reabsorbed from the urine.

B. General Process

– Urine formed in the kidney passes into a long, narrow tube called ureter.

– Ureter from each kidney connects to the urinary bladder, a sac of smooth muscles that can hold 400 to 500 mL of urine.

– When the urinary bladder is full, it contacts and forces the urine throughout the urethra.

– The process of expelling urine is called urination.

Kidney Stone• form in the ducts or hollow organs of the body. There is a tendency for large stone to suddenly block the water

SYMPTOMS• Kidney Stones can be a real pain! Kidney

stones are a mass inside of the body that is formed of small crystals. Kidney stones can be as small as a grain of sand and can grow to the actual size of a rock.

• Kidney stones can cause great discomfort to the patient depending on where the stone is located. The good news is kidney stones can be treated with the proper medical attention a t the first sign of a kidney stone.

• The first step is knowing the symptoms of a kidney stone and getting treatment.

TREATMENTS• With medicine and technology today your

symptoms of kidney stones can be possibly eliminated and at the very least your symptoms minimized. There is a procedure called shock wave that will allow the doctor using a machine to send shock waves to the actual stones causing them to break into pieces small enough to pass through your urine.

• Although the symptoms of kidney stones can be treated with various techniques there are things you can do as well to prevent the stones from recurring or growing You should brink 8 to 10 glasses of water a day to continuously flush the kidney and bladder.

UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)

• infection of urinary system due to bacteria.

•This ailment is mostly experienced by woman than men

SYMPTOMS• The urge to urinate frequently, which may recur immediately after the

bladder is emptied.

• A painful burning sensation when urinating. (If this is the only symptom, then the infection is most likely urethritis, an infection limited to the urethra.)

• Discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen. The abdomen can feel bloated.

• Pain in the pelvic area or back.• The urine often has a strong smell, looks cloudy, or contains blood.

This is a sign of pyuria, or a high white blood cell count in the urine, and is a very reliable indicator of urinary tract infections.

• Occasionally, fever develops.

TREATMENTS• Antibiotics (medications that kill bacteria) are the

usual treatment for bladder infections and other urinary tract infections. Seven to ten 10 of antibiotics is usually required, although some infections may require only a single dose of antibiotics.

• It's important that all antibiotics are taken as prescribed. Antibiotics should not be discontinued before the full course of antibiotic treatment is complete. Symptoms may disappear soon after beginning antibiotic treatment. However, if antibiotics are stopped early, the infection may still be present and recur.

Gallstone

•are solid, pebble-like collections that form inside the gallbladder

SYMPTOMS

• Steady, severe pain in the upper abdomen that increases rapidly and lasts from 30 minutes to several hours.

• Pain in the back between the shoulder blades.

• Pain under the right shoulder.

• Nausea or vomiting.

TREATMENTS

• intake of only clear liquids to give the gallbladder a rest, 

• avoid fatty or greasy meals,

• take acetaminophen (Tylenol, etc.) for pain.