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Departament Física i Química131209 SCIENCE: The Solar System 1. (1 mark) The relative distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2. What does this

quantity mean? What is the distance, in km, from the Sun to Jupiter? The distance from the Sun to the Earth is 150.000.000 km.

2. (1,5 mark) In this graph is represented on vertical axis the speed of planets in its

motion around the Sun in meters per second, m/s, and on horizontal axis the relative distance to the Sun.

a. How does the speed of planet change when the distance to the Sun increases?

b. What is the fastest planet?

c. What is the orbital speed of Saturn?

d. What is the relative distance from the Sun to Saturn? (approximately). 3. (1 mark) Name the hotter planets and name the colder planets. Try to explain why it

happens.

0  

10000  

20000  

30000  

40000  

50000  

60000  

0   5   10   15   20   25   30   35  

Relative    Distance  to  the  Sun  

Speed  of  planets  

Mercury  

Venus  

Earth  

Mars  

Jupiter   Saturn   Uranus  Neptune  

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4. (2 mark) How are the seasons created? Explain making a draw to illustrate your

explanation. Make a draw showing the following elements

5. (1 mark) How does daytime and nitghttime occur on planets?

6. (1 mark) Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and the Moon, when is New Moon.

Sun Earth Rotation Earth axis Earth’s orbital path and direction

Spring, summer, autumn, winter For all position, daytime and nighttime

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7. (1 mark) What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position

of the Sun, the Earth and the Moon. 8. (1,5 mark) Explain how can you see any object, for example the blackboard, from

any position in class. Make a draw and represent in it all the elements that you need to see anything. What type of reflection produces the blackboard?

9. (0,5 mark) How is umbra and penumbra produced? Make a draw.

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Worksheet 2 Name: ; date Questions 1. How many planets are in the Solar System? Name them. 2. Is the Sun a planet? Explain it. 3. What is a Moon? Represent, drawing them, the Sun, a Planet and a Moon. How are

they moving? 4. Which are the motions of the Planets? 5. Explain what is an Orbital period. What is the Jupiter’s orbital period? 6. Explain what a Rotation period. How many days is Mars’ rotation period?

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7. Represent the Sun and planets, with their names, and draw their orbits.

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8. The Sun and planets are huge balls, what is the diameter of those balls? Help you

drawing a ball and represent its diameter. 9. Which planet has the bigger diameter? 10. What do you understand when we say that the relative diameter of a planet to the

Earth is 2? And its relative diameter was 0,38 on the Earth 11.

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Worksheet 3: 1. How far away is the Sun from the Earth?

2. What is the hottest planet in the Solar System? 3. How many stars are in the Solar System? 4. Name all the planets that have rings. 5. What is the coldest planet in the Solar System? 6. Name all the planets and Moons people have walked on. 7. Why are there daytime and nighttime on planets? Draw the Sun and a planet and

represent on it where is daytime and where is nigh time. 8. What are the seasons? How are the seasons created?

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9. Why do we see different shapes of the Moon? Draw the sun, the Earth and the

Moon, when is New Moon. 10. What is an eclipse? Represent a solar eclipse drawing the relative position of the

Sun, the Earth and the Moon. 11. How long does it take light from the Sun to reach Venus? The speed of light is

300000 km/s and the distance from the Sun to Venus is 109000000 km.

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HOW TO CONVERT UNITS

23 km; 23000 m: Are these lengths equals? You know that the answer is YES. All we need is to know that:

1km = 1000 m. As you know, it is possible to write this identity as a fraction:

!  !"!"""  !

     𝑜𝑟       !"""  !!!"

The question is: which of these two last Conversion Factor do we need to convert “km” to “m”? We need the expression that can cancel “km” and leave “m” above. As we show: 23  𝑘𝑚 = !"  !"

!;  

→  23  𝑘𝑚1

·1000  𝑚1𝑘𝑚

= 23000  𝑚 Example 1: The distance from Maó to Sant Lluís is 3325 m. Write this distance in km. Solution:

3325  𝑚 = !!"#  !

! ; à !!"#  !

!· !  !"!"""  !

= !!"#·!  !"!·!"""

= 3,325  𝑘𝑚 Remember what you have learned in Mathematics: !

!· !!= !  ·  !

!  .    != !"

!"

Are they the same person?

We call this expression “CONVERSION FACTOR”

Conversion Factor

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Exercise 1: Write the Conversion Factor associated to this identity:

• 1 Astronomical Unit (AU) = 150.000.000 km à

• 1 meter (m) = 100 cm à

• 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds à

• 1 hour = 60 minutes à

• 1 day = 24 hours à

• 1 year = 365 days à

• 1 kilogram (kg) = 1000 grams (g) à

Exercise 2:

• 55 min à seconds

• 4,3 hours à minutes

• 31 days à hours

• 2,4 years à days

• 492 second à minute

• 200 day à years

• 7284-gram à kg. Exercise 3: The distance from the Sun to Jupiter is 5,2 AU. Convert this distance to km.

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THE AVERAGE SPEED Speed is a property of moving bodies. The average speed of an object is the distance travelled by the object divided by total time from start to finish. We write this concept using an equation that relates, speed “v”, distance “d” and time “t”.

𝒗 =𝒅𝒕

Example 2: Matthias is walking along the corridor and travels 50 m in 45 seconds. Find his average speed. Solution:

• Distance, d = 50 m • Time, t = 45 s • Equation, 𝑣 = !

!

We solve the equation for “v”: 𝑣 = !!= !"  !

!"  != 1,1  𝑚/𝑠 à v=1,1 m/s.

It is possible to find the distance that Matthias has travelled if you know the speed and time previously. Example 3: Matthias’ average speed is 1,1 m/s when he is moving along corridor and takes 45 s to move from the Physics lab to the library. What is the length Matthias has travelled? Solution:

• Speed, v =1,1 𝑚 𝑠 =!,!  !!

= 1,1!!

• Time, t = 45 s • Equation, 𝑣 = !

!

Now we want to know the distance from the physic lab to the library. We need to find “d” from our equation: 𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡 Then; 𝑑 = 1,1  !

!· 45  𝑠 = 50  𝑚 à d=50 m.

Remember what you have learned in Mathematics: !"!= 12 ; à 24=12 · 2

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Also it’s possible to find the time “t” that Matthias takes from the lab to the library if we know its speed and the distance from lab to library. Example 4: Matthias is walking at 1,1 m/s. How long does it takes Matthias to move along 50 meters? Solution:

• Distance, d= 50 m • Speed, v =1,1 𝑚 𝑠 =

!,!  !!

= 1,1!!

• Time, “t” • Equation, 𝑣 = !

!

If we solve the equation for time “t” à 𝑡 = !!

𝑡 = !!= !"  !

!,!  ! != 45𝑠

Exercise 4: We have seen the equations: 𝑣 = !

!;            𝑑 = 𝑣 · 𝑡;                𝑡 = !

!

Are they three different equations? Are they the same equation written in different ways? Exercise 5: The distance from Maó to Ciutadella is 45 km. Find the average speed of our car if it takes 36 minutes in this trip. Write the answer in km/min and km/h. Exercise 6: The faster snail moves at 1,3 cm/s. How long does it take the snail to move 1 m? Exercise 7: The fastest possible speed is the speed of light in a vacuum, v = c= 300.000 km/s. If the light takes 8,2 minutes from the Sun to reach the Earth,

a. How many seconds are 8,2 minutes? b. What is the distance from the Sun to the Earth in km?

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Name and surname: Exercises 1. Convert units:

a. 2,34 km à m

b. 200 days à years

c. 19,1 AU à km

d. 72 km/h à km/s and then: convert to à m/s. 2. An athlete runs 100 m in 12 seconds. Find its average speed. 3. The speed of light in a vacuum is 300.000 km/s. How long does it take

the light from the Sun to Uranus? The distance from the Sun to Uranus is 19,1 AU.

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Exam: Matter 140324 1. (1) From the drawing, identify the state of the substances and their

formula.

2. (1) Classify the systems represented below. For each one:

• Is there only one substance? • Which are their states? • Is there any solution? Why?

3. (0,5) From its formula and its state, draw the substance using its molecules.

Iron Oxygen Water Sodium hydroxide Na

O

H

Mercury, Hg (liquid) Chlorine, Cl2

(gas) CS2 ; liquid. FeO ; Solid

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4. (0,5) What is bigger, a star or a galaxy? Why?

a. Have the iron atoms existed from the beginning of the universe?

b. Why are hydrogen atoms the most abundant in the universe? 5. (1) Explain how a hot air balloon works? What happens to the molecules inside the

balloon when the air is heated? 6. (1) How do we know when a chemical reaction has taken place? 7. (1) Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction: Phy. CR Phy CR Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubs Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee Writing on paper Frying chicken Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and it

becomes a darker colour.

Paper ripping From grapes we produce wine. 8. (0,5) Carbon dioxide: Where is the carbon dioxide produced?

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9. Propane, C3H8, is a gas and we use it for cooking.

a. (0,25) What do we need to burn propane?

b. (0,5) What gas is produced when we burn propane? Write the word equation.

c. (0,25) Why are combustions so important for humans?

10. (0,5) Darakth has three balloons, which

are filled with different gases. Which balloon holds:

a. Air? b. Hydrogen? c. Carbon dioxide? Explain your answer.

11. (0,25) Is carbon dioxide a toxic gas? Why?

(0,25) Is carbon dioxide the gas that we take from the air to breath?

12. (0,5) Why is carbon dioxide so important? 13. (0,5) Why are combustions related to the Earth warming up? Name this effect.

Hydrogen

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14. (0,5) Analyse the following

graph. The chaotic line represents how the temperature has changed a long the last 1000 years until now. The other line shows how the amount of carbon dioxide has been changed along these years in the atmosphere.

a. What do different numbers represent?

b. Describe the most important changes that shown by this graphic. When (year) did these changes happen?

Year

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Exam:  THE  EARTH.                                           140526      1. (0,5)  As  you  know,  the  Moon  is  moving  away  from  the  Earth  3,8  cm  per  year.  

How  long  does  it  take  the  Moon  to  increase  the  distance  from  the  Earth  0,76  meters?  

         2. (0,5)  Name  the  different  layers  of  the  Earth.  For  each  layer  indicate  their  state  

(solid,  liquid  or  gas)                    3. (0,4)  True  or  falls:  

a. The  story  of  the  Earth  began  about  450  million  of  years.  b. The  Earth’s  surface  is  moving  all  the  time.  c. Millions  of  years  ago  all  the  continents  were  together.  d. The  Earth  and  the  Moon  were  born  at  same  time.  

 4. Convection  Currents  

a. (0,5)  Explain  the  meaning  of  convection  currents.  Explain  our  experience  on  convection  currents  in  the  laboratory.    

     

b. (0,2)  Which  is  Earth’s  layer  where  convections  currents  are  produced?  c. (0,3)  What  is  the  cause  of  convection  currents  in  this  Earth  layer?  

     5. Tectonic  Plates:  

a. (0,2)  What  are  tectonic  plates?              

b. (0,2)  What  do  convergent  boundaries  mean?  What  do  divergent  boundaries  mean?  Do  a  scheme.  

 

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c. (0,1)  Where  is  new  tectonic  material  created,  where  it  is  destroyed?      

d. (0,2)  Why  is  the  oceanic  crust  always  pushed  below  continental  crust?      

e. (0,3)  What  is  the  cause  of  earthquakes?      

 6. The  Earth  atmosphere:  

a. (0,4)  4  thousands  of  million  of  years  ago  did  the  Earth’s  atmosphere  have  the  same  composition  as  now?  Use  the  opposite  graph  to  explain  the  atmospheric  composition  at  this  time.  

           

b. (0,2)  When  did  the  seas  appear?    

c. (0,4)  When  did  oxygen  appear  in  the  atmosphere?  How  was  the  oxygen  produced?    

     7. (1,0)  Represent  inside  the  squares  the  air  molecules  taking  into  account  that  

there  are  4  nitrogen  molecules,  N2,  by  each  of  oxygen,  O2.  Represent  the  air  molecules  at  sea  level  and  at  10  km  altitude.  

                       

 

Thousands of million of years

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   8. (0,4)  At  sea  level  the  air  density  is  about  1,2  g/L.  If  we  have  a  balloon  filled  with  

7,5  l  of  air,  what  is  its  mass?                9. (0,6)  Explain  how  the  Cartesian  Diver  (Descartes  devil)  works.                10. Carbon  Cycle:  

a. (0,2)  Name  places  or  processes  where  carbon  dioxide  is  produced.          

b. (0,2)  How  is  the  carbon  dioxide  reduced  from  the  atmosphere?      

c. (0,1)  Is  the  carbon  dioxide  a  toxic  gas?  Why?        

d. (0,5)  What  will  happen  if  the  amount  of  carbon  dioxide  is  greatly  increased  in  the  atmosphere?  Name  and  explain  this  Effect.  

         11. (0,6)  Write  the  chemical  reaction  when  we  burn  petrol?    Petrol  +                                    à                                        +       +    Are  there  some  relation  between  combustion  reactions  and  atmospheric  pollution?                

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     12. (1,0)  When  we  breath  inhale    

• N2,  78,4%    • O2,  20,8%  • CO2,  0,04%  • H2O  vapour,  0,76%  

Which  gasses  are  increased  and  which  are  reduced  when  we  exhale?  Why?                      

13. (1,0)  Draw  a  representation  of  Water  Cycle.  Name  all  the  processes  that  happen  in  this  cycle.  What  makes  the  water  cycle  works?  

 

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Exam 1stC ESO 140611 1. (0,5)  What is a chemical reaction?

2. (0,5)  Label each process as a physical process or a chemical reaction: Phy. CR Phy CR Butter melting Freezing water to make ice cubes Burning butane Melting gold to make jewellery Autumn leaves changing colour Digesting food Perfume evaporate Fogging a mirror with your breath Melting copper metal Cooking potatoes Iron become oxide, rust Mixing sugar with coffee Writing on paper Frying chicken Burning papers Fruit changes its colour and

becomes darker.

3.  We  inhale    

• N2,  78,4%    • O2,  20,8%  • CO2,  0,04%  • H2O  vapour,  0,76%  

a. (0,5)  Draw  these  molecules.  b. (0,6)  Which  gasses  are  increased  and  which  are  reduced  when  we  

exhale?    • Increase:  

 • Decrease:  

 c. (0,6)  Why  we  need  to  breath  oxygen?  What  kind  of  chemical  reaction  is  

produced  with  the  oxygen?  Write  the  chemical  equation.        

d. (0,5)  In  winter  the  air’s  temperature  is  about  15ºC,  what  happens  to  the  air  that  we  inhale  if  our  lungs  are  at  36ºC?        

   

4. (0,4) Fill de gaps: Men feed on organic matter that is already elaborated, and then man can be classified as ___________. Men eat meat and vegetables, so he is __________. All the processes that enable living things to obtain energy we call ___________. Some living things produce their own food and we name them ____________, for example _____________.

5. (0,4) How do the plants make their own food?

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6. (0,5) Explain how a hot air balloon works?

a. (0,5)  What happens to the molecules inside the balloon when the air is heated?

b. (0,5)  What happens to the density of air inside the balloon?

7. (1,2)  Explain what would happen if suddenly the carbon dioxide disappear from the

Earth atmosphere. a. To plants. Why?

b. To the Earth. Why? 8. (0,8)  What  will  happen  if  the  amount  of  carbon  dioxide  is  greatly  increased  in  

the  atmosphere?  Name  and  explain  this  effect.          9. (1,0)  What  would  happen  if  the  Sun’s  rays  couldn’t  arrive  to  the  Earth?    

a. Plants.      

b. Water.          10. (0,5)  Explain  what  are  the  convection  currents.          11. (0,5)  What produces the convection currents in the Earth’s Mantle? 12. (0,5)  Why are tectonic plates moving? Draw scheme.

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