Examining the Experiences of LGB Students Using the ACHA-NCHA Todd M. Smith December 1, 2006.

Examining the Experiences of Examining the Experiences of LGB Students LGB Students

Using the ACHA-NCHAUsing the ACHA-NCHA

Todd M. SmithTodd M. Smith

December 1, 2006December 1, 2006

Results from Spring 2003Results from Spring 2003NYU Amer. College Health Assoc.NYU Amer. College Health Assoc.

National College Health AssessmentNational College Health Assessment Survey addresses health, risk and protective Survey addresses health, risk and protective

behaviors, behavioral consequences and behaviors, behavioral consequences and perceptions of college studentsperceptions of college students

First year NYU studentsFirst year NYU students 1,025 surveys returned1,025 surveys returned Average age 18.5 yearsAverage age 18.5 years 70% female, 30% male70% female, 30% male

LGB DataLGB Data 11% of respondents self-identified as lesbian, gay, 11% of respondents self-identified as lesbian, gay,

bisexual, or unsure (n=109)bisexual, or unsure (n=109)

Pulled out LGB and Unsure respondents’ data to Pulled out LGB and Unsure respondents’ data to compare to heterosexual peerscompare to heterosexual peers

Limitation: Question asked student to choose Limitation: Question asked student to choose which best described them: Heterosexual, which best described them: Heterosexual, Gay/Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgendered, or Gay/Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgendered, or Unsure. ‘Transgender’ is a gender identity and not Unsure. ‘Transgender’ is a gender identity and not a sexual orientation – no students chose a sexual orientation – no students chose ‘Transgendered’. This identity should be placed ‘Transgendered’. This identity should be placed with Male and Female.with Male and Female.

Doing the Math!Doing the Math!

Percentages for LGBT respondents are given on LGBT data Percentages for LGBT respondents are given on LGBT data report.report.

Data on general report includes all respondents – LGBT and Data on general report includes all respondents – LGBT and Heterosexual. To find Heterosexual-only data, need to Heterosexual. To find Heterosexual-only data, need to subtract LGBT numbers from the general report numbers. subtract LGBT numbers from the general report numbers. (Could also request Heterosexual-only report to eliminate (Could also request Heterosexual-only report to eliminate need to find statistics!)need to find statistics!)

We found it useful to keep data on men and women separate We found it useful to keep data on men and women separate as there were many differences along gender lines.as there were many differences along gender lines.

Doing the Math!Doing the Math!

To find heterosexual-only data, choose a To find heterosexual-only data, choose a specific answer to a survey question and use specific answer to a survey question and use the following formula:the following formula:

(Total # of female responses to answer) – (# of LB responses to answer)(Total # of female responses to answer) – (# of LB responses to answer)

DIVIDED BYDIVIDED BY

(Total # of female responses to question) – (Total # of LB responses to question)(Total # of female responses to question) – (Total # of LB responses to question)

What was found……What was found……

We found many similarities between LGB We found many similarities between LGB students and their Heterosexual peers.students and their Heterosexual peers.

We also found some striking differences We also found some striking differences particularly in the areas of mental health, particularly in the areas of mental health, safety, substance use, and sexual behavior. safety, substance use, and sexual behavior.

General HealthGeneral Health

Considering your age, how would you Considering your age, how would you describe your general health?describe your general health?

Responses of Excellent, Very Good, or Good:Responses of Excellent, Very Good, or Good: Heterosexual men:Heterosexual men: 94%94% Gay & Bisexual men:Gay & Bisexual men: 91%91% Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 92%92% Lesbian & Bisexual women:Lesbian & Bisexual women: 87%87%

Within the past school year, were you….Within the past school year, were you….

In a physical fightIn a physical fight Physically Physically

AssaultedAssaulted

Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 14%14% 5%5% Gay & Bisexual men:Gay & Bisexual men: 6%6% 8%8%

Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 4%4% 4%4% Lesbian & Bisexual women:Lesbian & Bisexual women: 7%7% 4%4%

Safety

SafetySafety

In the past year, have you received In the past year, have you received unwanted phone calls that made you feel unwanted phone calls that made you feel unsafe?unsafe?

Hetero Men:Hetero Men: 7%7%GB Men:GB Men: 13%13%

Hetero Women:Hetero Women: 23%23%LB Women:LB Women: 44%44%

SafetySafety

Within the last school year have you experienced: Within the last school year have you experienced:

Verbal threats for sex against your will?Verbal threats for sex against your will?

YES:YES: Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 4%4% Gay & Bisexual men: Gay & Bisexual men: 2%2%

Heterosexual women: Heterosexual women: 10%10% Lesbian & Bisexual women: Lesbian & Bisexual women: 20%20%

SafetySafety


Sexual touching against your will?Sexual touching against your will?

YES:YES: Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 7%7% Gay & Bisexual men: Gay & Bisexual men: 19%19%


SafetySafety


Attempted sexual penetration against your will?Attempted sexual penetration against your will?

YES:YES: Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 1%1% Gay & Bisexual men:Gay & Bisexual men: 7%7%


SafetySafety


Sexual penetration against your will?Sexual penetration against your will?

YES:YES: Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: <1%<1% Gay & Bisexual men: Gay & Bisexual men: 4%4%


SafetySafety

Within the last school year have you been in a Within the last school year have you been in a relationship that was:relationship that was:

Emotionally Emotionally PhysicallyPhysically SexuallySexually Abusive?Abusive? Abusive? Abusive? Abusive?Abusive?

YES:YES: Hetero men:Hetero men: 14% 14% 2% 2% 2% 2% GB men: GB men: 17% 17% 2% 2% 0% 0%

Hetero women: 18%Hetero women: 18% 1% 1% 1% 1% LB women: LB women: 28% 28% 4% 4% 6% 6%

Substance UseSubstance Use

Within the last 30 days, how many days did Within the last 30 days, how many days did you use Cigarettes?you use Cigarettes?

1-9 days1-9 days 10-30 days 10-30 days Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 12%12% 13%13% GB men:GB men: 11%11% 20%20% Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 15%15% 11%11% LB women:LB women: 19%19% 30%30%


Within the last 30 days, how many days did you Within the last 30 days, how many days did you use Alcohol?use Alcohol?

Never 1-9 days 10-19 daysNever 1-9 days 10-19 days Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 14%14% 57%57% 14%14% GB men:GB men: 17%17% 61%61% 11%11% Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 20%20% 53%53% 9%9% LB women:LB women: 8%8% 51%51% 25% 25%


Within the last 30 days, how many days did Within the last 30 days, how many days did you use Marijuana?you use Marijuana?

Never 1-5 days 6-29 daysNever 1-5 days 6-29 days Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 54% 54% 16%16% 15%15% GB men:GB men: 48% 48% 15%15% 11%11% Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 56% 56% 15%15% 7%7% LB women:LB women: 33% 33% 28%28% 22%22%

Substance UseSubstance Use Within the past 30 days, on how many days Within the past 30 days, on how many days

did you use…..did you use…..

(NEVER responses)(NEVER responses)CocaineCocaine Amphetamines Amphetamines Other drugsOther drugs

Hetero men: Hetero men: 95% 95% 93% 93% 86% 86% GB men:GB men: 93% 93% 87% 87% 80% 80% Hetero women:Hetero women: 94% 94% 87% 87% 91% 91% LB women:LB women: 82% 82% 80% 80% 72% 72%

Consequences of DrinkingConsequences of Drinking

If you drink alcohol, within the last school If you drink alcohol, within the last school year, have you done the following as a year, have you done the following as a consequence of your drinking?consequence of your drinking?

YES:YES: Injured Self Regret ForgotInjured Self Regret Forgot Unprot.SexUnprot.Sex

Heterosexual men: 12%Heterosexual men: 12% 33%33% 28%28% 12% 12% GB men:GB men: 13% 13% 36%36% 30%30% 9% 9%

Heterosexual women: 14%Heterosexual women: 14% 31%31% 23%23% 6% 6% LB women:LB women: 32% 32% 44% 44% 35%35% 17%17%

Sexual PartnersSexual Partners Within the past school year, with how Within the past school year, with how

many partners, if any, have you had many partners, if any, have you had sex (oral, vaginal, anal)?sex (oral, vaginal, anal)?

0 0 1-4 1-4 5 +5 + Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 41% 41% 53% 53% 6%6%

GB men:GB men: 28% 28% 46% 46% 26%26%

Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 41% 41% 55% 55% 4%4%

LB women:LB women: 13% 13% 74% 74% 13%13%

Sexual PartnersSexual Partners Within the last school year, with how many Within the last school year, with how many

partners, if any, have you had sex (oral, partners, if any, have you had sex (oral, vaginal, or anal)?vaginal, or anal)?

All men average:All men average: 1.641.64 GB men average:GB men average: 2.742.74

All women average:All women average: 1.291.29 LB women average:LB women average: 2.372.37

Relationship StatusRelationship Status What is your current relationship status?What is your current relationship status?

SingleSingle In A In A RelationshipRelationship

Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 72% 72% 28%28%

GB Men:GB Men: 81% 81% 19%19%

Heterosexual Women:Heterosexual Women: 72% 72% 28%28%

LB Women:LB Women: 63% 63% 37%37%

Condom UseCondom Use

Of those who have had (oral, vaginal, anal) sex, Of those who have had (oral, vaginal, anal) sex, the following report having used a condom the the following report having used a condom the last time they had sex:last time they had sex:

OralOral Vaginal Vaginal AnalAnal Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 5% 5% 69% 69% 47%47% GB men:GB men: 2% 2% 42% 42% 53%53% Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 3% 3% 62% 62% 29%29% LB women:LB women: 0% 0% 64% 64% 9%9%

HIV TestingHIV Testing Have you ever been tested for HIV infection?Have you ever been tested for HIV infection?

YES:YES:Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 12%12%GB Men:GB Men: 32%32%

Heterosexual Women:Heterosexual Women: 15%15%LB Women:LB Women: 39%39%

Credit Card DebtCredit Card Debt If you have credit cards, how much total If you have credit cards, how much total

credit debt did you carry last month?credit debt did you carry last month?

More than $100 debt carried:More than $100 debt carried:Heterosexual men:Heterosexual men: 8%8%GB men:GB men: 23%23%

Heterosexual women:Heterosexual women: 7%7%LB women:LB women: 20%20%

GradesGrades What is your approximate cumulative grade What is your approximate cumulative grade

average?average?

AA B B– Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 40%40% 54%54%– GB Men:GB Men: 41%41% 56%56%

– Heterosexual Women:Heterosexual Women: 38%38% 57%57%– LB Women:LB Women: 35%35%

62%62%

HealthHealth

How would you describe your weight?How would you describe your weight?Underweight:Underweight: Heterosexual Men: 17%Heterosexual Men: 17% Heterosexual Women: 12% Heterosexual Women: 12% GB Men: 30%GB Men: 30% LB Women: 4%LB Women: 4%

About Right:About Right: Heterosexual Men: 54%Heterosexual Men: 54% Heterosexual Women: 54% Heterosexual Women: 54% GB Men: 44%GB Men: 44% LB Women: 57%LB Women: 57%

Overweight:Overweight: Heterosexual Men: 29%Heterosexual Men: 29% Heterosexual Women: 34% Heterosexual Women: 34% GB Men: 26%GB Men: 26% LB Women: 39%LB Women: 39%

HealthHealth

Are you trying to do any of the following about Are you trying to do any of the following about your weight?your weight?

Lose weight:Lose weight: Heterosexual Men: 36%Heterosexual Men: 36% Heterosexual Women: Heterosexual Women:

65% 65% GB Men: 39%GB Men: 39% LB Women: 61%LB Women: 61%

Gain weight:Gain weight: Heterosexual Men: 21%Heterosexual Men: 21% Heterosexual Women: 2% Heterosexual Women: 2% GB Men: 13%GB Men: 13% LB Women: 0%LB Women: 0%

HealthHealth

Average Body Weight:Average Body Weight:

All Men:All Men: 161.94161.94

GB Men:GB Men: 155.43155.43

All Women:All Women: 135.03135.03

LB Women:LB Women: 144.13144.13

HealthHealthWithin the last 30 days, have you done any of the Within the last 30 days, have you done any of the

following?following?

Exercise:Exercise: All Men:All Men: 42%42% All Women: All Women: 61%61%

GB Men:GB Men: 35%35% LB Women:LB Women: 52%52%Diet:Diet: All Men:All Men: 26%26% All Women: All Women: 50%50%

GB Men:GB Men: 35%35% LB Women:LB Women: 46%46%Vomit/Laxatives:Vomit/Laxatives: All Men:All Men: 0%0% All Women: 7%All Women: 7%

GB Men:GB Men: 0%0% LB Women:LB Women: 6%6%

HealthHealth

Respondents reported having NOT participated in the Respondents reported having NOT participated in the following activities in the past 7 days:following activities in the past 7 days:

Vigorous/Moderate ExerciseVigorous/Moderate Exercise StrengthStrength

for 20/30 minutesfor 20/30 minutes TrainingTraining

Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 27%27% 32% 32% GB Men:GB Men: 39%39% 37% 37% Heterosexual Women:Heterosexual Women: 32%32% 41% 41% LB Women:LB Women: 46%46% 48% 48%

HealthHealth

Have you had the following checked in the Have you had the following checked in the past ____ years …..past ____ years …..

2 years2 years 5 5 yearsyears

Blood PressureBlood Pressure CholesterolCholesterol

Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 90% 90% 52% 52%GB Men:GB Men: 85% 85% 42% 42%

Heterosexual Women: 93%Heterosexual Women: 93% 50% 50%LB Women:LB Women: 83% 83% 44% 44%

HealthHealth

Within the last school year, have you had any Within the last school year, have you had any of the following?of the following? (in %)(in %)

AnorexiaAnorexia Anx. Dis. DepressionAnx. Dis. Depression S.A.D. Sub.AbuseProblem S.A.D. Sub.AbuseProblem Strep Strep

ThroatThroat

Hetero Men:Hetero Men:22 1010 1919 10 10 5 5 16 16

GB Men: GB Men: 88 2121 2525 13 13 8 8 24 24

Hetero Women: Hetero Women: 55 1616 2323 13 13 4 4 16 16

LB Women: LB Women: 66 3030 4343 22 22 11 11 22 22

HealthHealth

Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the Have you ever been diagnosed with any of the following?following? (in %)(in %)

AnorexiaAnorexia Anx. Dis. DepressionAnx. Dis. Depression S.A.D. Sub.AbuseProblem S.A.D. Sub.AbuseProblem Strep Strep

ThroatThroat

Hetero Men:Hetero Men:<1<1 55 88 2 2 1 1 41 41

GB Men: GB Men: 88 1515 1919 4 4 4 4 52 52

Hetero Women: Hetero Women: 55 99 1515 2 2 2 2 46 46

LB Women: LB Women: 66 2020 4343 7 7 0 0 61 61

HealthHealth

Within the last school year, have any of the Within the last school year, have any of the following affected your academic following affected your academic performance?performance? YES responsesYES responses

Depression/Anxiety Drug UseDepression/Anxiety Drug Use Internet/Computer Internet/Computer UseUse

Hetero Men:Hetero Men: 17%17% 5%5% 29%29%

GB Men:GB Men: 24%24% 4%4% 20%20%

Hetero Women:Hetero Women: 23%23% 3%3% 19%19%

LB Women:LB Women: 30%30% 11%11% 22%22%

Mental HealthMental HealthWithin the last school year, how many times have you felt Within the last school year, how many times have you felt

things were hopeless?things were hopeless?Never:Never: Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 35%35% Heterosexual Women:Heterosexual Women: 24%24% GB Men:GB Men: 20%20% LB Women:LB Women: 13%13%

1-4 Times:1-4 Times: Heterosexual Men: Heterosexual Men: 36%36% Heterosexual Women: Heterosexual Women: 39%39% GB Men: GB Men: 44%44% LB Women: LB Women: 48%48%


11 or more Times:11 or more Times: Heterosexual Men: Heterosexual Men: 14%14% Heterosexual Women: Heterosexual Women: 16%16% GB Men: GB Men: 19%19% LB Women: LB Women: 24%24%

Mental HealthMental HealthWithin the last school year, how many times have you felt so Within the last school year, how many times have you felt so

depressed that it was difficult to function?depressed that it was difficult to function?Never:Never: Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 46%46% Heterosexual Women:Heterosexual Women: 42%42% GB Men:GB Men: 37%37% LB Women:LB Women: 32%32%



11 or more Times:11 or more Times: Heterosexual Men: Heterosexual Men: 8%8% Heterosexual Women: Heterosexual Women: 12%12% GB Men: GB Men: 15%15% LB Women: LB Women: 15%15%

Mental HealthMental Health

Within the last school year, how many times have you Within the last school year, how many times have you seriously considered attempting suicide?seriously considered attempting suicide?

1-4 Times:1-4 Times: Heterosexual Men: 12%Heterosexual Men: 12% Heterosexual Women: 12%Heterosexual Women: 12% GB Men: 23%GB Men: 23% LB Women: 15%LB Women: 15%

5-10 Times:5-10 Times: Heterosexual Men: 3%Heterosexual Men: 3% Heterosexual Women: 2%Heterosexual Women: 2% GB Men: 0%GB Men: 0% LB Women: 6%LB Women: 6%

11 or more Times:11 or more Times: Heterosexual Men: 0%Heterosexual Men: 0% Heterosexual Women: 1%Heterosexual Women: 1% GB Men: 2%GB Men: 2% LB Women: 4%LB Women: 4%


Within the last school year, how many Within the last school year, how many times have you attempted suicide?times have you attempted suicide?

1-2 times:1-2 times: Heterosexual Men:Heterosexual Men: 1%1% GB Men:GB Men: 6%6% Heterosexual Women:Heterosexual Women: 1%1% LB Women:LB Women: 6%6%


Have you ever been diagnosed with depression?Have you ever been diagnosed with depression?

YES:YES:

Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 7%7%

GB men: GB men: 17%17%

Heterosexual women: Heterosexual women: 14%14%

LB women: LB women: 43%43%


If you have ever been diagnosed with depression, If you have ever been diagnosed with depression, were you diagnosed within the last school year?were you diagnosed within the last school year?

YES:YES:

Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 47%47%

GB men:GB men: 67%67%

Heterosexual women: Heterosexual women: 48%48%

LB women: LB women: 41%41%


If you have ever been diagnosed with depressionIf you have ever been diagnosed with depression , , are you currently in therapy?are you currently in therapy?

YES:YES:Heterosexual men: Heterosexual men: 35%35%GB men:GB men: 22%22%

Heterosexual women: Heterosexual women: 32%32%LB women: LB women: 35%35%

Mental HealthMental HealthIn a personal crisis, to whom would you turn In a personal crisis, to whom would you turn

for support?for support? LGB students are slightly more likely to turn LGB students are slightly more likely to turn

to friends and somewhat less likely to turn to to friends and somewhat less likely to turn to family.family.

Heterosexual men are less likely to turn to a Heterosexual men are less likely to turn to a therapist.therapist.

LGB students are significantly less likely to LGB students are significantly less likely to turn to a member of the clergy.turn to a member of the clergy.

LGB students are more likely to turn to the LGB students are more likely to turn to the internet.internet.

What we can do next….What we can do next….– Create a committee to compile data and assess Create a committee to compile data and assess

atmosphere for LGBT students on campus.atmosphere for LGBT students on campus.– Assess information to consider outreach Assess information to consider outreach

strategies to LGBT population.strategies to LGBT population.– Provide a victim’s advocate in the public safety Provide a victim’s advocate in the public safety

office, trained in the particular needs of LGBT office, trained in the particular needs of LGBT people.people.

– Provide training on LGBT issues and concerns Provide training on LGBT issues and concerns and anti-LGBT violence for public safety and anti-LGBT violence for public safety officers, health center staff, counseling staff, officers, health center staff, counseling staff, and others.and others.

DiscussionDiscussion

What NYU did with this information:What NYU did with this information:– Presented to Student Affairs StaffPresented to Student Affairs Staff– Worked with Health CenterWorked with Health Center– Created Transgender Health BrochureCreated Transgender Health Brochure– Designed discussion topics for LGBT Office Designed discussion topics for LGBT Office

programsprograms

Examining the Experiences of LGB Students Using the ACHA-NCHA Todd M. Smith December 1, 2006.

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