Exam Reviewa
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Transcript of Exam Reviewa
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Accessory Nerve = origin= mid 1/3 of posterior SCM m
descends inferolaterally
innervates trapezius m
Adrenal Glands aka Suprarenal Glands = on top of kidneys
posteriorly rest against the diaphragm
Adductor Canal aka Hunters Canal = @ distal end of Femoral Triangle
borders = laterally = vastus medialus m
posteromedial = adductor longus
adductor magnus
anterior = Sartorius
contains = from anterior to posterior
1. saphenous n
2. vastus medialis n
3. femoral a & v
Anterior Axillary Line = line in front of arm pit
Anterior Cutaneous Thoracic Nerves =
origin = cervical plexus
innervate = thoracic wall & skin
run with the superficial thoracic aa
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Anterior deep Muscles of the forearm = flexors
5 proximal to distal from the elbow
name origin insertion
Brachioradialis
Teres Pronator
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Long Palmar Muscle
Tendon
Anterior Tibial Artery= supplies anterior of lower legs
origin = popliteal artery
terminus = dorsal pedis artery
Arch of the Aorta= 1. brachiocephalic artery
2. left common carotid artery
3. left subclavian artery
ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine
PSIS = posterior superior iliac spine
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Axillary Artery= divided into 3 parts by pectoralis minor
1. part proximal to muscle
2. behind
3. distal
3 branches = 1. supreme thoracic a
2. lateral thoracic a
3. subscapular a
subscapular a divides into thoracodorsal a
scapular circumflex a
Axillary Nerve = origin = branch of posterior brachial plexus
innervates = deltoid & teres minor mm
Biceps Brachii= flexor muscles of the upper arm
name origin insertion
Long Head of BB supraglenoid tubercle radial tuberosity
Short scapula coracoid process ditto
Anterior Median Line = line thru middle of the sternum
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Abdominal Aorta = from the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm
to R & L Common Iliac aa @ L4
unpaired branches = 1. celiac trunk
2. superior mesenteric
3. inferior mesenteric
4. middle suprarenal
5. renal
6. gonadal
Arcuate Line = divides the ilium fossa from the iliac tuberosity
dividing line btw the true & false pelvis
midway btw umbilicus & pubic symphysis
made up by the thickened rectus sheath thins inferiorly
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Axillary Fossa = pyramid shaped structure of the armpit
contains sweat glands ka bromhidrosis
1. anterior wall is formed by the pectoralis major,
clavipectoral fascia,
subclavius and the
pectoralis minor
2. posterior wall is formed by the subscapularis,
teres major, and
latissmus dorsi muscles
3. lateral wall is formed by upper medial surface of the humerus,
(covered by the coracobrachialis muscle)
4. medial wall is formed by upper ribs and intercostal muscles,
(covered by serratus anterior muscles
Apex = a triangular opening bounded by the first rib,
upper border of the scapula, and
posterior border of the clavicle
Base = formed by the axillary fascia and skin
Azygos Vein = continuation of right ascending lumbar vein
Arch of Azygos Vein = sup to root of rt lung joins vena cava
continuation of the right ascending lumbar vein
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Bare Area of the Testis = posterior area not covered by Tunica Vaginalis
Basilic Vein = on the medial side of the forearm and hand
with 2 other veins in the bicipital groove => axillary vein
origin = dorsal venous arch of the hand
terminus = anterior of the arm
runs with the ulnar n profound brachii a brachial a
Brachial Artery= on superficial anterior surface of humerus
.. palpatable throughout its course
pulse point &/or pt to stop bleeding by pressure
Brachial Plexus: cervicalthoracic nerves of the spinal cord
1. musculocutaneous
2. axillary
3. median
4. radial
5. ulnar
transient points for vagus cardiac phrenic nerves
also includes 12 pairs of intercostal or thoracic nerves
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Brachiocephalic Vein = subclavian + internal jugular veins
junction ka Venous Angle = post to
sternoclavicular joint
L + R Brachiocephalic vv => Superior Vena Cava
Buccal Fat Pad = anterior to messeter muscle & on its superficial surface
Deep Peroneal Nerve = origin branch of Common Peroneal Nerve
innervates anterior muscles of the lower leg
terminus = cutaneous n btw big & 2nd
toe
injury to it > inability to dorsiflex foot or
extend toes
Diaphragm = origin = xiphoid process
costal margins of 11th
& 12th
ribs
lumbar vert
insertion = central tendon
3 openings = 1. hiatus of Inferior Vena Cava
2. Esophagus
3. Aorta
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Calvaria or skull cap = made up of 1. galea aponeurotic
epicranius muscles
2. loose connective tissue
3. pericranium
Campers Fascia = superficial fascia of the anterior & medial thigh
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : ligament = transverse carpal ligament
nerve = median nerve
Carotid Triangle = anterior neck
beneath the SCM m & above the omohyoid m
contents beneath the hyoid bone =
1. internal jugular vein
2. com carotid artery
3. ext
4. vagus nerve
Celiac Trunk= 3 branches one of which is the Proper Hepatic Artery
another the Left Gastric Artery
another the Splenic Artery
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Cephalic vein = on the lateral side of the forearm and hand
origin = dorsal venous arch of the hand
terminus = anterior of the arm
runs with the radial a & n
Cervical Plexus = cervical nerves of the spinal cord
1. lesser occipital
2. greater auricular
3. transverse cervical
4. supraclavicular
5. phrenic
Cisterna Chyli= formed by union of R & L Lumbar Lymphatic Trunks
location = deep and medial to the crus m @ L2
beginning of the thoracic duct
Clavicular Notch = on @ side of jugular notch
articulates with the medial end of the clavicle
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Colon = distinguished from the small intestine by 3 features
1. Taenia Coli = 3 narrow longitudinal smooth muscle bands
run entire length of the cecum & colon
converge at the appendix
dont cover it or the rectum or anal canal
2. Epiploic Appendages = fat filled outpouches of visceral
peritoneum dont cover ditto
3. Haustra = sacculations created by taenia coli
semilunar mucosal folds on colonic surface
Clavipectoral Fascia = lie btw clavicle & upper pectoralis minor
pierced by thoracoacrimonial artery supplying acromion
m&m pectoralis mm
Common Hepatic Artery= distally becomes the Gastroduodenal Artery
Common Hepatic Duct= lies in the free margin of the Lesser Omentum
comm. hep duct + cystic duct = comm. bile duct
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Cubital Fossa Triangle = in front of the elbow joint
3 boundaries = 1. biceps brachii @ medial
2. brachioradialis & @ inferolateral
extensor carpi radialis longus
3. pronator teres @ inferomedial
flexoris carpi
contents = cephalic vein
basilica vein veins
median cubital vein
ulnar artery arteries
brachial artery
median nerve nerve
humerus bone
Cut Branches of Cervical Plexus = posterior border of the SCM m
1. great auricular nerve
2. transverse cervical nerve
3. lesser occipital nerve
4. supraclavicular nerve
Dartos Tunic= extension of Campers fascia
smooth tunic muscles raise & lower penile scrotum in line w/ temp
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Deep Fascia of Penis = envelops the penile body
anteriorly = corona of the glans penis
posteriorly = inf fascia of urogenital diaphragm
Ductus Deferens = most posterior structure in spermatic cord
hard cord like
Fascia Lata = profound fascia of the thigh & gluteal region
continuation of scarpas fascia
Fascia Septa = passes from the palmar aponeurosis to the 1st
& 5th
metacarpal bones
Femoral Cutaneous Nerve = innervates hamstring m
tibialis anterior m
Fascial Nerves emerging from parotid gland capsule =
1. cervical
2. mandibular
3. buccal
4. zygomatic
5. temporal
separating the flexor tendons from the thenar & hypothenar m
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Femoral Artery= continuation of the Ext Iliac a
chief a of the lower limbs
enters midpt of inguinal canal
passes thru femoral triangle
adductor canal
terminus = becomes popliteal artery
anterior tibial a
dorsal pedis a
Femoral Nerve = origin = L2, L3, L4 of spinal cord
lies in the groove btw the Psoas Major m & Iliacus m
innervates 1. Quadriceps Femoris m
2. Sartorius m
3. Pectineus m
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Femoral Triangle = in the medial thigh
borders = Adductor Longus m = medial border
Inguinal Ligament = superior
Sartorius m = lateral
contains = femoral nerve & branches
artery
vein
sheath = 3 compartments
artery in lateral compartment
vein middle
medial sheath ka femoral canal
deep inguinal lymph nodes
connective & adipose tissue
opening ka Femoral Ring
First Rib = attached to the sternum at the manubrium just below the
jugular or suprasternal notch
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Fissures of the Liver= 3
1. Right Sagittal Fissure = 1. posteriorly = inf vena cava
2. anteriorly = gall bladder
2. Left Sagittal Fissure = 1. posteriorly = ligamentum teres
2. anteriorly = ligamentum venosum
3. Transverse Fissure = aka Porta Hepatis
1. R&L hepatic a
2. common hepatic duct
3. portal vein
Ganglions of the spinal cord= 3 superior to inferior
Celiac Ganglion = innervates all gastrointestinal organs & kidney
Superior Mesenteric Ganglion = innervates small intestines
colon xpt descending
Inferior Mesenteric Ganglion = innervates descending colon
urogenital including ureters
Gastric Artery= left and right eventually anastomose
Right = branch of the proper hepatic artery
lying along the lesser curvature of the stomach
Left = originates directly from the Celiac Trunk
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Gastroepiploic Artery= lies along the Gtr Curvature of the stomach
Left = originates from the splenic artery
Right = branch of the gastroduodenal artery
anastomose at the stomach
Greater Omentum = peritoneal reflection btw stomach & transverse colon
contains Gastrocolic Ligament = connects trans colon to
stomach & upper duodenum
Hemiazygos Vein = continuation of left ascending lumbar vein
drains blood from lower left intercostals spaces
joins the azygos vein above the 9th
thoracic vert
Accessory Hemiazygos Vein = branch draining rest of intercostal sp
joins azygos vein @ 8th
thoracic vert
Hepatorenal Recess = space btw the liver & kidneys
aka Morrisons Pouch
Iliohypogastric Nerve & Ilioinguinal Nerve =
emerge from lateral border of Psoas Major m
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Inferior Lumbar Triangle = one of the triangles of the back
borders = 1. latissimus dorsi m
2. external oblique m
3. iliac crest
Inferior Thyroid Artery= loops superiorly from the thyroidcervical trunk
downward to inferior pole of thyroid gland on
posterior lateral surface
Inferior Vena Cava = formed by R & L Common Iliac Vein @ L5 vert
Infraorbital Foramen: contents = infraorbital blood vessels & nerves on
anterior of the face
continuation of the infraorbital canal
anaesthetic will numb the infraorbital nerve
Inguinal Ligament= in females = round ligament of the uterus
in males btw the ASIS & Pubic Tubercule
thickening & crimping of the aponeurosis
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Inguinal Canal= oblique cylindrical shaped space @ lowest pt in abd wall
2 openings = 1. superficial anterior ring = entrance
2. profound posterior ring = exit
superficial inguinal ring = opening in medial end of above
borders = 1. aponeurosis of the ext oblique
2. int oblique
3. inguinal ligament
4. internal oblique m
transverse abdominal m
5. tranverse fascia
falx inguinalis
Intercostal Muscles = External & Internal form a two tiered X
External Intercostal Muscles = 1st
tier (superficial)
travel frm lateral downward to medial
its intercostal membranes are anterior
Internal Intercostal Muscles = 2nd
tier (profound)
travel frm lateral upward to medial
its intercostal membranes are posterior
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Internal Thoracic Artery* = contained in post cervical triangle
aka Internal Mammary Artery
arises from the subclavian artery opp thyrocervical trunk
crossed by phrenic n
Jugular Notch aka Suprasternal Notch = concave superior border of the
manubrium
Kidneys = bean shaped @ T12 vert right lower than left bec/ of stomach
retroperitoneal
supplied by 3 sets of arteries
1. superior suprarenal a = br of inferior phrenic a
2. middle = directly from aorta
3. inferior = from renal a
Renal Hilum = anterior to posterior
1. renal vein
2. renal artery
3. nerves
ureter
renal pelvis
Perirenal Fat surrounds kidneys & adrenal glands
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Laryngeal Prominence aka Adams Apple = formed by thyroid cart angle
Lat Cut Nerve of Forearm = continuation of musculocutaneous nerve
innervates forearm lateral skin
Lat Femoral Cut Nerve =
lies lateral & inferior to iliohypogastric & ilioinguinal
Lesser Omentum = peritoneal reflection extending from
1. abdominal esophagus
2. lesser curvature of the stomach
3. first part of the duodenum
4. porta hepatis = inf visceral surface of liver
left border = Hepatogastric Ligament
contains = L & R gastric a & v
stomach nerves
lymph nodes
right border = Hepatoduodenal Ligament
contains = proper hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
common bile duct
lymph nodes & vessels
nerves
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Linea Alba = broad flat aponeurosis of 3 abd m
rom Xiphoid Process to Pubic Symphysis
1. Ext Oblique m
2. Int Oblique m
3. Transverse Abdominal m
Lower Leg Anterior Muscles = insert distally
function = movement of ankle & toes
Peroneus Brevis origin = lateral fibula
insertion = 5th
metatarsal bone
Longus origin = lateral fibula
insertion = cuneiform & 1st
metatarsal bone
Lower Leg Posterior Muscles
name origin insertion
Gluteus Maximus iliac crest sacrum coccyx lesser trochanter of fe
Gluteus Med & Min ilium ditto
Piriformis anterior of sacrum greater trochanter
Gracilis ramus of pubis medial surface of tibia
Sartorius ASIS ditto
Obturator Internus
Externus
inner surf obt foramen
ext
Gtr Trochanter
below Gtr Trochanter
Quadratus Femoris ischial tuberosity posterior femur
Adductor Magnuspubic ramis
ischial tuberositylinea aspera of femur
Hamstrings
semitendinous
biceps femoris
semimembraneous
ischial tuberosity tibial condyles
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Linea Semilunaris = line lateral to the abdominal rectus m
Lumbar Plexus = lumbar nerves of the spinal cord
nerves of the abdominal cavity
1. iliohypogastric
2. ilioinguinal
3. genitofemoral
4. lat femoral cut
5. femoral
6. obturator
Lungs : right lung lower than left Cardiac Notch on left lung
structurally = 1. apex
2. base aka diaphragmatic surface
3. 2 surfaces
4. 3 borders
right lung has 2 fissures = horiz & oblique dividing it into 3 lobes
left has 1 = oblique dividing it into 2 lobes
Root of Lung & Pulmonary Ligamentattach them to mediastinum
Hilum of Lung = Right Lung has 5 openings
2 for upper & lower main bronchii
2 for pulmonary veins ( O2 carrying)
1 for pulmonary artery (non O2 )
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Left Lung has 4 openings
1 for upper & lower main bronchii
2 for pulmonary veins ( O2 carrying)
1 for pulmonary artery (non O2 )
Bronchiopulmonary Segment= pyramidal shaped structure
with apex facing hilum
base at surface of lung
contain: 1. segmental bronchi
2. mass of lung tissue
3. segmental artery
4. vein
5. bronchial air channels
NOTE: if a segmental bronchus blocked
others below it also interrupted
Costodiaphragmatic Recess = potential space btw
ribs & diaphragm
Pleura = thin, smooth, semitransparent serous membrane
parietal pleura attach eg lung to the thoracic wall
visceral envelops the gland eg lung
Pleura Cavity= potential space
pressure diff in pleura cav surrounding
lungs drives gas exchange in alveolis
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Pleura Fluid = lubricant to permit lung movement
Mammary Glands = in females lies in the superficial fascia
Suspensory Lig = fibrous strands connecting nipples & skin
aka Cowpers Lig to deeper superficial fascia
important markers for breast cancer as tumours cause these
ligaments to contract & shorten giving the skin over
them a puckered orange peel appearance
Marginal Artery= supplies the internal margins of the cecum
formed by the 1. ileocolic a
2. right middle & left colic aa
3. sigmoidal a
Medial Bicipital Groove structures =
median nerve
brachial artery
axillary vein
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Mediastinum = 3 parts Sup Mid Inf
Superior Mediastinum contains trachea
brachiocephalic a & v
sup vena cava & aortic arch
Middle phrenic nerves
mediastinal pleura
heart & cardiovascular parts
includg pericardium
Inferior 3 parts
1. Anterior containing struct in front of pericardium
2. Middle heart & cardiovascular parts
includg pericardium
3. Posterior struct behind pericardium
Mental Foramen = below the root of the 2nd
premolar
@ midpoint of the line separating the sup & inf mandible
continuation of the mandibular canal
conduit for mental blood vessels & nerves
anaesthetic numbs the mental nerve
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Mesenteric Arteries = superior & inferior
Superior Mesenteric Artery= embedded in extraperitoneal fat
origin = abdominal aorta @ L1 vert
just below Celiac Trunk
branches = 1. pancreatic duodenal a
2. middle colic a
3. right colic a
4. iliocolic
terminus = 5. appendicular a
6. anterior cecal a
7. posterior cecal a
terminal aa supply jejunum & ilieum
Inferior Mesenteric Arteries = origin = anterior abd aorta @ L3 vert
Mesorchium of Penis = visceral layer of Tunica Vaginalis
conduit for blood vessels, ducts & nerves
Pectoralis Minor Muscle = origin = ext surf of 3rd
to 5th
ribs
insertion = medial border of scapula
function = pull scapula lifts ribs
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Penis = cross section = 1. urethra surrounded by Corpus Spongiosum
2. two corpora cavernosa
separated by Tunica Albuginea
Arteries = 1. spermatic cord aka deferential a
2. testicular a
Vein = 3. Pampiniform Venous Plexus forming single v
Innervation = genitofemoral nerve (esp for cremaster m)
ilioinguinal nerve
Perforating Branches of the Thoracic Nerves
display 2 structural forms = 1. segmental
2. overlapping
segmental used in surgery to id anaesthetized skin segments
overlapping allows protection against injury to one set of nerves
as injury to 2 sets of nerves needed for loss of sensation
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Superior Mesenteric Artery= embedded in extraperitoneal fat
origin = abdominal aorta @ L1 vert
just below Celiac Trunk
branches = 1. pancreatic duodenal a
2. middle colic a
3. right colic a
4. iliocolic
terminus = 5. appendicular a
6. anterior cecal a
7. posterior cecal a
terminal aa supply jejunum & ilieum
Midaxillary Line = line thru mid armpit
Midclavicular Line = line thru midpoint of the clavicle
Musculocutaneous Nerve = lies on the brachioradialis muscle
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Obturator Nerve = origin = L2, L3, L4 Lumbar Plexus
passes thru obturator canal
lies on medial side of the Psoas Major m
posterior innervates obturator internus m
adductor magnus
anterior innervates thigh muscles
hip joints
skin
Occipital Triangle: borders = SCM m
Trapezius m
Inferior Omohyoid m
contents = accessory nerve
brachial plexus
supraclavicular nerve
ext jugular vein
Omohyoid Muscle* = divides deep cervical lymph nodes into sup & inf
Palmar Aponeurosis = extension of Palmaris Longus muscle
Parasternal Line = line mid way thru sterna & midclavicular lines
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Parathyroid Glands = superior & inferior
located on the posterior & medial surface of thyroid
located w/in 1 cm of the X btw Inf Thyroid Art
Recurr Laryngeal N
Paravertebral Line = line thru ends of transverse processes of vert column
Perineum Triangle = really 2 triangles 1. Urogenital Triangle
2. Anal Triangle
borders = Anterior = inferior margin of pubic symphysis
Anterolateral = ischiopubic rami
Posterior = coccyx
Postlateral = gluteus max & sacrotuberous lig
Lateral = 2 ischial tuberosities
Peritoneum = 2 types 1. visceral = covers organ surfaces
2. parietal = covers abd wall & pelvic cavities
folds &/or reflections create anchors & conduits for v a n l
Messenteric Ligaments = attach organs to abd wall
Peritoneal = attach organs to @ other
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Retroperitoneal= partially or not covered by peritoneum
duodenum descending & horiz
rectum lower part
pancreas
kidney
ureters
Intraperitoneal= completely covered
everything else other than above
Phrenic Nerve = right & left
Left Phrenic Nerve = enters thorax btw subclavian a & v
crosses aortic arch & runs ant to lung root
on left side of pericardial sac
pierces diaphragm w/ left pericardiophrenic a & v
Right Phrenic Nerve = passes along rt mediastinal border
& anterior to root of the lung
piercing diaphragm @ opening
of infer vena cava
Posterior Axillary Line = line thru midpoint of armpit
Posterior Humeral Circumflex Artery= 1 of 3 branches of axillary a
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Posterior Muscles of the forearm = extensors
Triceps Brachii = 3 heads = 1. long
2. medial
3. lateral
insertion = olecranon of the ulna
Posterior Shoulder Triangular & Quadrangular Spaces
two adjacent spaces formed at the surgical neck of the humerus
by the teres minor & major mm = medial to laterally
& the long & lateral heads of the triceps brachii sup to infer
triangular space = medial
conduit for circumflex scapular a
quadrangular space = lateral
conduit for axillary n
posterior humeral circumflex a
Pterion = 4 cm above the midpt of the zygomatic arch
H shaped weak area of the lateral skull
Xing junct of 1. frontal
2. occipital
3. temporal
4. saphenous (Gtr Wing) bones
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Parotid Duct= pierces the messeter m on its anterior border & enters the
oral cavity opp the 2nd
upper premolars
Pisiform Bone = medial to the ulnar artery & nerve
Platysma muscle = tissue paper thin subcut m covering the v & n of neck
Popliteal Fossa = diamond shaped area on posterior of knee
borders = lateral = semitendinosus
medial = semimembraneous
inferior = medial & lateral heads of gastrocnemius
contains = the popliteal a & v
Posterior Cervical Triangle : borders = 1. SCM m
2. Clavicle bone
3. Trapezius m
contents = accessory nerve
phrenic nerve
vertebral artery*
thyrocervical trunk
internal thoracic artery*
interscalene triangle
anterior scalene m
accessory
medial
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Proper Hepatic Artery= left & anterior to the Portal Vein of the liver
1 of three major branches of the Celiac Trunk
Psoas Major Muscle = origin = Iliacus + Iliopsoas muscles
insertion = trochanter of the femur
Quadratus Lumborum Muscle = origin = iliac crest
insertion = Lumber vert & 12th
rib
Radial Artery= runs deep with the radial nerve into the brachioradialis m
branches = superficial palmar artery
primary pollicis artery
radial indicis artery
Radial Sulcus aka Spiral Groove = adjacent to deltoid tuberosity
groove for
1. radial n
2. profound brachii a
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Rami of the spinal cord= connect thoracic sympathetic ganglia to spinal n
white = carry preganglionic fibers
&
grey = postganglionic
Rectovesical Pouch = space btw rectum & urinary bladder
Rectouterine Pouch = space btw rectum & uterus in females
Rectus Abdominus Muscles = 3 columns of muscle in the mid abdomen
divided into 4 segments by 3 tendinous intersections
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve = right & left
branch of the vagus nerve
located in tracheaesophageal groove
important in thyroid surgery as close to artery
Rugae of Mucosa = mucosal folds more numerous in the pyloric antrium
than in fundus
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Sacs of the Abdominal Cavity
Greater Sac aka General Cavity = contains all the organs
Lesser Sac aka Omental Bursa
borders = Anteriorly = 1. post surf of stomach
2. lesser omentum
3. gastrocolic lig of Gt
Omentum
Posterioly = 1. post abd peritoneum
Epiploic Foramen = opening btw Gtr & Lesser Sacs
aka Winslow Foramen
borders = Superior = caudate lobe of liver
Anterior = hepatoduodenal lig
Inferior = 1st
part of duodenum
Posterior = Inf V Cava peritoneum
Saphenous Nerve = branch of femoral nerve
travels with femoral a & v thru adductor hiatus
innervates adductor magnus m
sartorius m
gracilis m
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Saphenous Vein =
Great Saph V enters medial thigh via Saphenous hiatus in Fascia Lata
runs down the medial thigh
gives off Accessory Saph v & Perforating vv
Sciatic Nerve = lie midway btw ischial tuberosity & Gtr Trochanter
innervates piriformis m
2 branches 1. common peroneal n
2. tibial n
Serratus Anterior Muscle: origin = upper 8 or 9 ribs of thoracic cage
insertion = medial border of scapula
closes thoracic cage rotates scapula laterally
innervated by the Long Thoracic Nerve
Scapular Line = line thru the midpoint of inferior angle of scapula
Scrotum of Penis = pouch of skin formed from perineum & ant abd wall
structures = 1. raphe scrotum = mid line
2. Median Scrotal Septum = divides it
into 2 compartments
thick devoid of fat adheres to underlying tissues
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Small Intestines = jejunum = upper 2/5ths
ilieum = lower 3/5ths
Pilicae Circularis = folds of internal surface of jejunum& ilieum
more in proximal jejunum than ilieum
Peyers Patches = lymphatic folds in distal ilieum
increase in # from ilieum > cecum
not found in jejunum !!!
Small Saphenous Vein aka Lesser Saph Vein
ascends up mid line of posterior lower leg
runs with sural nerve
Spermatic Cord = 3 layers = 1. external spermatic fascia
2. cremaster m
3. internal spermatic fascia
formed from ant abd wall
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Splanchnic Nerves
Greater = convey preganglionic sympathetic fibers frm symp trunk
arise from T5 to T9 vert
innervate abdominal viscera
Lesser = also carry preganglionic fibers
arise from T10 to T11 vert
Spleen = 2 surfaces 1. diaphragmatic 2. visceral
notch in anterior border distinguishes it from other dx organs
Splenic Artery= arises from the Celiac Trunk
supplies pancreatic body & tail on its route to spleen
splits in spleen into 4 branches 1. 4 splenic
2. left gastroepiploic
3. short gastric
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Sternal Angle aka Angle of Louis = transverse ridge on anterior of
sternum
palpable
landmark for 4th
Vert or 2nd
Ribs
ascending aorta aortic arch
Carina = bifurcation of trachea
thoracic duct turns left here
Sternal Line = line thru the lateral border of the sternum (widest point)
Stomach = 1. cardia
2. fundus
3. body
4. pyloric antrium
5. pylorus
Superficial Infrahyoid muscles = elev hyoid bone oral cav floor & tongue
from medial to lateral
1. sternohyoid
2. omohyoid*
3. stylohyoid
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Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes = in superficial fascia below inguinal lig
arranged like T
drain everything below umbilicus
Superficial Palmar Arch = inside the palm
joining of radial & ulnar arteries
4 digital branches (note: thumb separate)
Superficial Temporal Artery= in the superficial musculoaponeurotic sys
above the zygomatic bone
Superior Intercostal Veins = left and right @ drains its side
Superior Laryngeal Nerve = branch of the vagus nerve
innervates cricothyroid &
inf pharyngeal constrictor m
damage results in changes to voice quality
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Superior Lumbar Triangle = one of 3 triangles of the back
located beneath the latissimus dorsi & 12th
rib
borders = 1. Serratus Posterior
2. Erector Spinae
3. Internal Oblique
Superior Thyroid Artery= branch of Ext Carotid Artery
origin = front of above
ending = superior pole of the thyroid gland
Supraclavicular Triangle = posterior neck
borders = triangular muscle
subclavius muscle
pectoralis major
contents = axillary vein
artery
brachial plexus
pectoralis minor
Sural Nerve = formed by union of of medial & lateral sural nerves
medial = branch of the tibial n
lateral = branch of common peroneal n
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Suspensory Ligament of Duodenum aka Treitz Lig =
anchors the 1st
part of duodenum to peritoneum
Tendons of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis = all innervated by median
n
Profundis
Pollicis Longus
Thoracic Duct aka Left Lymphatic Duct= begins at the Cisterna Chyli
enters the post mediastinum frm abd cav thru aortic hiatus
emerges from behind esophagus turning left in sup mediastinum
arches deeply around the internal jugular vein
lies btw azygos v & descending aorta ( 2 g + d)
before joining the inf vena cava
Thyroid Artery= runs with the laryngeal nerve
Thyroid Gland = located in the anterior neck
H shaped atop the trachea & below hyoid bone
fixed posteriorly to cricoid & tracheal cartilage
covered by fascia & a capsule
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Triangle of Ausculation aka Triangle of Parascapula
located in the Spatium Intermusculare = 6th
intercostals space
borders = 1. medial border of scapula
rhomboid major m
2. trapezius m
3. latissimus dorsi m
when the muscles flex triangle increases in size opening the 6th
intercostals space and allowing breathing to be monitored
using a stethoscope
Triangles of the Back= 1. Triangle of Ausculation
2. Superior Lumbar Triangle
3. Inferior Lumbar Triangle
Triangle of Calot= inferior surface of the liver
borders = 1. common hepatic duct
2. cystic duct
3. cystic artery
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Triangles of the Neck: Anterior = Muscular triangle
Submandibular triangle
Submental triangle
Carotid triangle
Posterior = Supraclavicular
Occipital
Tunica Vaginalis = serous membrane derived from abdominal peritoneum
covering @ testis & forming a closed sac w/ a cavity
Ulnar Artery= runs deep downward from cubital fossa to the profound
head of the teres pronator on the medial side of the wrist
superficial to the flexor retinaculum
has many branches eg. interosseous artery
lateral to pisiform bone gives off
small branch running w/ ulnar n
Vagus Nerve = left
enters thorax btw Left Com Carotid & Subclavian AA
crosses aortic arch giving off Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
which passes beneath arch & post to lig arteriosum
vagus nerve itself continues post to root of lung
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Vertebral Artery* = contained in post cervical triangle
originates from the 6th
Cervical Vert
Zygomatic Arch = horizontal union above mandibular notch of the
temporal process of the zygomatic bone
zygomatic temporal