EXAM REVIEW

1. ANATOMICAL TERMINOLOGY

Anatomical Position

Anatomical Planes

Axis of Rotation

1. Longitudinal– Example:

2. Horizontal– Example:

3. Antero-posterior– Example:

Terminology to know:

• Anterior/Posterior• Superior/Inferior• Proximal/Distal• Medial/Lateral• Superficial/Deep

Pg. 6 in textbook

Example Questions:

The nose is _________ to the ears.

The hip is __________ to the knee.

The thumb is on the ______ side of the hand.

Types of Body MovementRetraction/ProtractionAbduction/Adduction

Flexion/ExtensionPronation/Supination

Dorsiflexion/Plantar FlexionDepression/Elevation

Reposition/OppositionInversion/Eversion

External Rotation/Internal RotationCircumduction

pg. 4-5 in textbook

Example Question:

Identify the 2 actions below:

1.

2.

2. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Axial vs Appendicular Skeleton

5 Types of Bones

Know definitions and where these bones are found in body

Anatomy of Long Bone

• pg. 12 – figure 2.3• Know definitions and to label: – Diaphysis– Epiphysis– Cancellous bone– Compact bone– Periosteum– Medullary cavity

Key Bones• Cranium (temporal, frontal,

occipital, parietal)• Zygomatic bone• Mandible & maxillary• Vertebral column (#s) (cervical – C1-C7, thoracic –

T1-T12, lumbar – L1-L5)• Sacrum• Coccyx = tailbone• Clavicle• Scapula• 12 ribs (7 true, 3 false, 2 floating)

• Sternum & xiphoid process• Humerus• Radius & ulna• Carpals, metacarpals,

phalanges• Pelvic girdle

(ilium, pubis)• Femur• Patella• Tibia & fibula• Calcaneus• Tarsals, metatarsals and

phalanges

Pg. 14-15, 18-19, 24-25 in textbook

• Example Question:

1

2

5

4

3

6

8 7

What view is this in?

1

2

3

4

5

6

What view is this in?

Bone Problems

• Fractures1. Simple fracture2. Compound fracture3. Comminuted fracture

• Stress fractures• Osteoporosis

3. THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Types of Muscle

1. Skeletal muscle2. Cardiac muscle3. Smooth muscle

Muscles to Know: How to Label, Function, Common Name

1. Supraspinatus2. Infraspinatus3. Teres minor4. Subscapularis

5. Rectus femoris6. Vastus lateralis7. Vastus intermedius8. Vastus medialis

9. Biceps femoris10. Semimembranosus11. Semitendinosus

12. Gastrocnemius13. Soleus

Muscles to Know: Label

1. Latissimus dorsi2. Trapezius3. Biceps bracii4. Triceps brachii5. Deltoid6. Levator scapulae7. Sartorius8. Gracilis

9. Tensor Fasciae Latae10. Rhomboid Major/Minor11. Serratus Anterior12. Pectoralis Major13. Rectus Abdominis14. External Obliques15. Gluteus Maximus16. Tibialis Anterior17. Tibialis Posterior

MOVEMENT AGONIST ANTAGONIST

Elbow Flexion

Elbow Extension

Knee Flexion

Knee Extension

Arm Abduction

Arm Adduction

Plantar Flexion

Dorsiflesion

Trunk Flexion

Trunk Extension

Thigh Abduction

Thigh Adduction

Neck Flexion

Neck Extension

Biceps Triceps

Triceps Biceps

Hamstrings Quadriceps

Quadriceps Hamstrings

Deltoid Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Major Deltoid

Gastrocnemius Tibialis Anterior

Tibialis Anterior Gastrocnemius

Rectus Abdominus Erector Spinae

Erector Spinae Rectus Abdominus

Gluteus Medius Gracilis

Gracilis Gluteus Medius

Sternocleidomastoid Trapezius

Trapezius Sternocleidomastoid

Isotonic Exercise Isometric Exercise

C

B

A

1.

1. 2.

2. 3.

3. 4.

3. 3.4.

1.

2.

5.

I band A band

4. JOINT MECHANICS

Joint Mechanics

1. Synarthrosis Fibrous Joint

1. Amphiathrosis Cartilaginous Joint

1. Diarthrosis Synovial Joint

Fibrous Joint Cartilaginous Joint

Synovial Joint

Types of Synovial Joint

Synovial Joint Characteristics

Know definitions:• Articulating cartilage• Joint capsule• Joint cavity• Bursae (Bursa – singular)• Intrinsic ligaments• Extrinsic ligaments

Joints of the Body

• DO NOT MEMORIZE!• Refer to your knowledge from the bones

• Ligaments of Knee(MCL, ACL, PCL, LCL)

Joint Injuries

• Joint injuries discussed in PowerPoint• Treatment of injuries

SHARP

• P.I.E.R. Principle