Ex. 7 - Climbing

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Ex. 7 - Climbing

What you will learn:

How to climb at a variety of attitudes and airspeeds, taking into account:

obstacle clearance

visibility

engine cooling

ATC instructions

passenger comfort

How to accurately level off at desired altitude and establish cruise.

OBJECTIVE

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Why learn this?

Many factors need to be considered and accounted for when climbing

Learn to execute appropriate type of climb for a variety of scenarios

! no one type of climb will work for all situations!

MOTIVATION

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Links

You already have understanding of:

attitudes and movements

power control

mixture and carburetor heat control

Today we put all these tools together to make the plane go up.

LINKS

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Let’s see how much you already know:Q What mixture setting should be used for climbs?

Q What should be carb heat position in a climb?

Q What effect does adding power have on yaw?

Q How does one control yaw?

Q What other movement can yaw induce if not controlled?

BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

Why?

Why?

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Theories and Definitions

Best Angle of Climb (Vx)

Best Rate of Climb (Vy)

Normal Climb

Enroute Climb

Instruments in a Climb.

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Best Angle of Climb (Vx)Greatest altitude gain in a given distance

Shortest distance to gain given altitude

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS

Easy to remember:lots of angles!

When is this useful?

DISADVANTAGES of Vx

poor forward visibility

engine may overheat!

What is Vx for your plane?

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Best Rate of Climb (Vy)Greatest altitude gain in a given time

Shortest time to gain given altitude

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS

When is this useful?What is Vy for your plane?

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Vx vs Vy

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS

25

Which climb is best rateand which is best angle?

best angle = Vx

best rate = Vy

What would happen if you tried to pitch even higher and go even slower than Vx?

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Normal ClimbSomewhat higher speed than best-rate.

Optimal combination of:

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS

climb performance

visibility

engine cooling

Find it in the POH

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Vx vs Vy vs Normal ClimbTHEORIES &

DEFINITIONS

25

best angle = Vx

best rate = Vy

normal climb

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Enroute ClimbBetween normal climb and normal cruise speed

Use when in no hurry to get to altitude

Best for:

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS

forward visibility

engine cooling

passenger comfort

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Instruments in Climb

THEORIES & DEFINITIONS

What instruments are moving during a steady climb?

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Procedures

Climb

Entry from Cruise

During

Leveling Out.

PROCEDURES

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Climb: Entry from CruisePROCEDURES

Attitude

Power

TrimGo up to your APT

Cockpit check: oil T+P in the green, carb heat cold, mixture rich

Look-out!

• pull back on the yoke to set nose-up attitude

• full power

How will power affect yaw?

• check airspeed at correct value

• retrim airplane

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Climb: DuringPROCEDURES

Lower the nose every 500 ft for look-out

Maintain coordinated flight with rudder

Maintain straight flight with ailerons

Cross-check airspeed indicator to maintain appropriate climb speed

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Climb: Leveling OutPROCEDURES

Attitude

Power

Trim

• push yoke forward to return to cruise attitude

• allow plane accelerate to cruise speed

• power back to normal cruise setting

How will this affect yaw?

• retrim airplane

• lean mixture as appropriate

Begin leveling out at 10% of rate of climb

If climbing up to 4500 feet at 500 feet per minute, begin leveling out at…

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Considerations

Air Density

Other Factors

Weight

Carb Heat

Flaps

Landing Gear.

CONSIDERATIONS

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Air Density: Effect on ClimbCONSIDERATIONS

The 3 Deadly H’s

! HEIGHT

! HEAT

! HUMIDITY

What effect to they have on air density?

What effect does low air density have on climb performance?

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Other Factors: Effect on ClimbCONSIDERATIONS

Weight

Carb heat

Flaps

Landing Gear

more work to bring heavier plane up

add lift, but also drag

adds drag

What else increases drag?

DECREASED CLIMBPERFORMANCE

Where can you look up climb performance?

Can we always count on getting POH numbers?

mixture too rich

Why?

Ex. 7 - Climbing

SAFETYSAFETY

! Cockpit check before all climbs

! Look-out before and during climb

lower nose every 500 feet to check for traffic

! Avoid excessive pitching up, especially near the ground

may lead to a stall

! Avoid climbs at Vx for long periods of time

inadequate engine cooling

Ex. 7 - Climbing

Review:

Q What is the difference between best rate of climb, best angle of climb, and normal climb?

Q What are your plane’s airspeeds for those climbs?

Q What is the procedure for entering a climb from cruise?

Q What is the procedure for leveling out?

Q Why do we keep full power for several seconds after leveling out?

REVIEW

Should be memorized!

Ex. 7 - Climbing

ConclusionCONCLUSION

You now understand how climbing works, and how to climb to desired altitude using the right tool (type of climb) for the job

Next lesson: Ex. 8 - Descending