Ex. 15

Types of Muscles

Agonists (Prime Movers ) – muscles that are primarily responsible for producing a particular movement

Antagonist – muscles that oppose or reverse a movement

- When agonists are active, antagonist is stretched and relaxed

Synergists – reduce undesirable or unnecessary movement

Fixators – immobilize the origin of a prime mover so that all the tension is exerted at the insertion

Direction of muscle fiber

Rectus – fibers are running parallel to imaginary lineTransverse-right angleOblique-

Size

Maximus -largestMinimus - smallestLongus - longestBrevis -short

Location of muscle

Names for bones they are associated withN

umber of origins Biceps, triceps, quadriceps

Location of the muscle's origin and insertion

Shape of muscle

Action of muscle

3D animations

Epicranial aponeurosisTemporoparietalis

Trapezius

ClavicleDeltoid

Pectoralis major

Biceps brachii (short head)Biceps brachii (long head)

Triceps brachii (long head)Triceps brachii (medial head)

BrachialisPronator teres

Palmaris longusFlexor carpi radialis

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor retinaculum

Tensor fasciae latae

Rectus femorisVastus lateralis

Iliotibial tractPatella

TibiaTibialis anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Superior extensor retinaculum

Inferior extensor retinaculumMedial malleolus of tibia

Lateral malleolus of fibula

Soleus

Fibularis longusGastrocnemius

Vastus medialis

SartoriusGracilisAdductor longus

PectineusIliopsoasGluteus medius

Flexor carpi ulnarisExtensor carpi radialis brevisExtensor carpi radialis longusBrachioradialisLinea albaRectus abdominisExternal obliqueLatissimus dorsiSerratus anteriorSternum

AcromionOmohyoidSternocleidomastoidTemporalisTemporoparietalis (reflected)Frontal belly of occipitofrontalis

Epicranialaponeurosis

Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Procerus

Orbicularisoculi

Nasalis

Levator labiisuperioris

Zygomaticusminor

Levator angulioris

Zygomaticusmajor

Mentalis (cut)

Orbicularisoris

Depressorlabii inferioris

Depressoranguli oris Omohyoid

Platysma (cut and reflected) Lateral view

Trapezius

Sternocleidomastoid

Buccinator

Masseter

Occipital belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Temporalis

Temporoparietalis(cut and reflected)

Thyroid cartilageof the larynx

Mentalis (cut)

Platysma

Risorius

Orbicularis oris

Zygomaticus major

Zygomaticus minor

Nasalis

Orbicularis oculi

Temporalis(temporoparietalis

removed)

Corrugator supercilii

Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Epicranialaponeurosis

Temporoparietalis(cut and reflected)

Temporalis

Procerus

Levator labiisuperioris

Levator anguli oris

Masseter

Buccinator

Depressor anguli oris

Depressor labii inferioris

Sternal head ofsternocleidomastoid

Clavicular head ofsternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Clavicle

Platysma(cut andreflected)Anterior view

Externaloblique

Tendinousinscription

Rectusabdominis

Linea albaAnterior view

Cut edge ofrectus sheath

Internaloblique

External oblique (cut)External intercostalInternal intercostal

Serratusanterior

SUPERFICIAL DEEPSternocleidomastoid

Cut edge of right trapezius

TrapeziusScapular spine

DeltoidInfraspinatus

Teres minorTeres major

Triceps brachii

Erector spinaemuscle group

(see Figure 11–10a)

Latissimus dorsi

Thoracolumbar fascia

External obliqueIliac crest

Gluteus medius

Gluteus maximus

Posterior view

Latissimus dorsi(cut and reflected)

Internal obliqueExternal oblique

Serratus posterior (inferior)

Latissimus dorsi(cut and reflected)

Serratus anterior

Rhomboid major(cut and reflected)

Serratus posterior(superior)

Rhomboid minor(cut and reflected)

SupraspinatusLevator scapulaeSplenius capitisSemispinalis capitis

SUPERFICIAL DEEP

Platysma

Deltoid

Pectoralismajor

Latissimusdorsi

Serratusanterior

External oblique

Rectus sheathSuperficial

inguinal ringTensor fasciae

latae

Sartorius

Rectus femoris

Anterior view

GracilisAdductor longusPectineusIliopsoasGluteus mediusTransversus abdominisRectus abdominisExternal oblique (cut and reflected)

Serratus anterior

Internal oblique (cut)Internal intercostalExternal intercostal

Teres major

Biceps brachii(short and long heads)

CoracobrachialisPectoralis major (cut and reflected)SubscapularisPectoralis minorDeltoid (cut and reflected)

SubclaviusTrapeziusSternocleidomastoid

Triceps brachii, long head

Triceps brachii, lateral head

BrachioradialisOlecranon of ulnaAnconeusExtensor carpi radialis longus

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

Abductor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

Extensor retinaculum

RadiusUlna

Extensor digitorumExtensor carpi ulnaris

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Coracoid process of scapulaHumerusCoracobrachialisBiceps brachii, short headBiceps brachii, long headTriceps brachii, long head

Triceps brachii, medial headBrachialisMedial epicondyle of humerusPronator teres

BrachioradialisFlexor carpi radialisPalmaris longusFlexor carpi ulnarisFlexor digitorum superficialisPronator quadratus

Flexor retinaculum

Iliac crestGluteal aponeurosis over gluteus mediusTensor fasciae latae

Gluteus maximus

Adductor magnus

Biceps femoris, long headGracilisSemitendinosus

Iliotibial tract

Biceps femoris, short head

SemimembranosusSartoriusTibial nervePopliteal artery (red) and vein (blue)Plantaris

Hip and thigh, posterior view

Gluteus medius

Iliopsoas IliacusPsoas major

Iliotibial tract

Quadriceps and thighmuscles, anterior view

Patellar ligament

Patella

Quadriceps tendon

Vastus medialis

Vastus lateralis

Rectus femoris

SartoriusGracilis

Adductor longus

Tensor fasciae lataePectineus

Pubic tubercle

Inguinal ligament

Anterior superiorIliac spine

Plantaris

PopliteusGastrocnemius,medial head

SoleusGastrocnemius,lateral head

Soleus

Gastrocnemius (cut and removed)

Calcanealtendon

Calcaneus

SUPERFICIAL DEEPPosterior view

Patella

Patellar ligament

Medial surface of tibial shaft

Medial head of gastrocnemius

Tibialis anteriorSoleus

Tibialis posterior

Superior extensorretinaculum

Medial malleolusTendon of tibialis anterior

Medial view

Calcaneal tendonFlexor retinaculumInferior extensor retinaculum

Abductor hallucis