evropeizaciis performansi - politikuri da popularuli...

lia wulaZeflora esebuairakli kaxiZeana kvintraZeirina osefaSvili mariam amaSukeli

evropeizaciis performansi -

politikuri da popularuli

diskursebi evropeizaciis

Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi

evropeizaciis performansi - politikuri

da popularuli diskursebi

evropeizaciis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi

lia wulaZe, flora esebua, irakli kaxiZe

ana kvintraZe, irina osefaSvili, mariam amaSukeli

Tbilisi2016

kvleva Catarda programa kavkasiis Sveicariuli akademiuri qse-lis~ mxardaWeriT. programa `kavkasiis Sveicariuli akademiuri qselis~ mizania samxreT kavkasiaSi socialuri da humanitaruli mecnierebebis ganviTarebis mxardaWera sxvadasxva aqtivobebis da RonisZiebebis meSveobiT, rogorebicaa: kvleviTi proeqtebis dafinanseba, treningebis Catareba, sxvadasxva saswavlo da kv-leviTi grantebis gacema. programa xels uwyobs niWieri mkvl-evarebis axali Taobis warmomadgenlebs da maT saerTaSoriso akademiur qselSi integracias. programa `kavkasiis Sveicariuli akademiur qsels~ koordina-cias uwevs da axorcielebs Sveicariis friburgis universite-tis centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis interfakulteturi instituti. programas afinansebs `gebert riufis fondi~, ro-melic dafuZnebulia bazelSi.

akademiuri xelmZRvaneli: s. nil makfarleini

redaqtori: diana leJava

dakabadoneba da ydis dizaini: giorgi bagrationi

© socialur mecnierebaTa centri, 2016

gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2016

ISBN: 978-9941-457-56-2

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sarCevi

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

sakvlevi problema da kvlevis mizani . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

kvlevis meTodi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

evropeizaciis Sesaxeb diskursebi qarTul proevropul da antievropul beWdur da eleqtronul mediaSi . . . . . . . . . 12

mediaanalizis pirveli talRa _ noemberi, 2014 . . . . . . . . . 13

mediaanalizis meore talRa _ Tebervali-marti, 2015 . . . 22

mediaanalizis mesame talRa _ maisi-ivnisi, 2015 . . . . . . . . . 32

mediaanalizis meoTxe talRa _ ivnisi, 2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

daskvna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

politikosebTan da eqspertebTan Catarebuli siRrmiseuli interviuebis analizi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

evrokavSiri da evropeizacia: ZiriTadi asociaciebi . . . . 56

saqarTvelo asocirebis xelSekrulebis gaformebidan dRemde . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

evropeizaciis gavlena mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze da damokidebulebaze evrokavSiris mimarT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebulobis done evrointegraciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT . . . . . . . . . 69

politikosebis gaTviTcnobierebulobis done evrointegraciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT . . . . . . . . . . 75

horizontaluri Tu vertikaluri evropeizacia? . . . . . . . 81

evropeizaciis meqanizmebi qarTul realobaSi. . . . . . . . . . . 88

evropeizacia: sargebeli-danakargis Sefaseba . . . . . . . . . . . 98

asocirebis xelSekrulebis danergvis warmatebuli da warumatebeli SemTxvevebi. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102

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evropeizacia, rogorc politikis keTebis axali gamocdileba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107

evropeizacia da adamianuri resursebis sakiTxi . . . . . . . 114

evrointegraciiT da evropeizaciiT dainteresebuli socialuri institutebi da aqtorebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

evrointegraciis da evropeizaciis mowinaaRmdege socialuri institutebi da aqtorebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126

evropeizaciis gavlena qveynis sagareo imijze . . . . . . . . . 129

`evropul ojaxSi~ dabrunebis diskursi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132

qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebi msgavseba-gansxvavebis WrilSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137

qarTuli nacionalizmi da evropuli postnacionalizmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146

marTlmadidebluri eklesia: qarTuli da evropuli xedvebis harmonizebis SesaZlebloba . . . . . 151

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba evrointegraciis da evropeizaciis Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis evrokavSirTan dakavSirebuli ganwyobebis raodenobrivi analizi . . 162

mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli fokus jgufebis analizi . . . . . . 177

evrokavSiri da evropeizacia: ZiriTadi asociaciebi . . . 177

saqarTvelo, rogorc evropis nawili . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182

evropis mier saqarTvelos xedva . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186

saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis perspeqtiva . . . . 190

qarTuli politikuri elita _ proevropuli diskursebiT manipulireba? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198

mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebulobis done evrointegraciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT . . . . . . . . . 202

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evrointegraciis sakiTxebze mosaxleobis informirebulobis amaRlebis gzebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

evropeizaciis gavlena mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213

evrokavSiris standartebis danergvis Sesaxeb . . . . . . . . . . 216

savaWro urTierTobebi evrokavSirTan da saqarTveloze maTi gavlena . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222

evrointegraciiT da evropeizaciiT dainteresebuli da misi mowinaaRmdege socialuri institutebi da aqtorebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

evropasTan daaxloeba _ ruseTis agresiis zrda . . . . . . . 237

qarTuli identoba da Rirebulebebi evropeizaciis konteqstSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246

qarTul da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris msgavseba . . . . . . 247

qarTul da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris gansxvaveba . . . . . 251

evropeizaciis gavlena qarTul Rirebulebebze . . . . . . . . 259

qarTuli eklesiis damokidebuleba evropeizaciis mimarT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

evropeizaciis gavlena qarTuli eklesiis avtoritetze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

daskvna: evropeizaciis performansi politikur da popularul diskursebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284

bibliografia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

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Sesavali

sakvlevi problema da kvlevis mizani

evropeizacia, rogorc sakvlevi Tema, samecniero liter-aturisTvis saintereso 1990-iani wlebis Sua periodidan gaxda, roca centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis postkomunisturi qveynebis winaSe evrokavSirTan integraciis sakiTxi dadga. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom es termini ar warmoadgens evro-integraciis ekvivalentur kategorias da gamoiyeneba evroka-vSiris gavlenis Tu àdgilobrivi zemoqmedebis~ aRsaniSnavad ara mxolod mis wevr qveynebze, aramed mis farglebs miRma arsebul qveynebzec (Sedelmeier, 2011, 5).

Tavdapirvelad, evrointegracias saerTaSoriso urTier-Tobebis specialitebi swavlobdnen, neofunqcionalizmis an realizmis poziciidan (Jacquot, Woll, 2003), romlis fargleb-Sic evrokavSiri ganixileba, rogorc èvropuli mmarTvelo-bis~ modeli misTvis specifikuri maxasiaTeblebiT: regional-izmiT, supranacionaluri integraciiT, multilateralizmiT, transnacionaluri vaWrobiT (neoliberaluri ekonomikiT) da demokratiuli konstitucionalizmiT (Schimmelfennig, 2010). Tumca, Semdgom, evrointegraciis kvlevebSi politikis mec-nierebi da sociologebic aqtiurad CaerTvnen, da kvlevis fokusi erovnuli politikuri sistemebis da yoveldRiuri praqtikis evropeizaciaze gadaitanes. amdenad, evrointegra-cia xdeba damoukidebeli cvladi, romelic gavlenas axdens qveynebis Sida politikaze, diskurssa da identobebze (Radaelli, 2003), xolo termini èvropeizacia~ gamoiyeneba erovnuli do-nis cvladebis transformaciis aRsaniSnavad evropul model-Tan adaptaciis procesSi (Jacquot, Woll, 2003).

saxelmwifoTa transformaciis konteqstSi mniSvnelova-nia gaviTvaliswinoT, rom evropeizacia swored evrokavSiris àdgilobrivi analogis~ Seqmnis process warmoadgens, rac erovnuli sociopolitikuri marTvis principebisa da meqa-nizmebis evrokavSiris standartebTan da praqtikebTan adapta-cias gulisxmobs (Schimmelfennig, 2012, 10). Tavis mxriv, trans-formaciis procesis gagebisTvis mniSvnelovania ara mxolod

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adaptaciis, aramed evrointegraciis `gamoyenebis~ Seswavla. `gamoyenebis~ qveS igulisxmeba rogorc saxelmwifo aqtorebis evropul institutebTan strategiuli interaqcia, ise am `gam-oyenebis,~ rogorc yoveldRiuri praqtikis, gavlena aqtorTa interesebsa da identobebze (Jacquot, Woll, 2003, 3).

evropeizaciis sociologiuri xedvis safuZvelze, avtorebi evrointegraciis `gamoyenebis~ tipologizacias gvTavazoben da sam ZiriTad kategorias gamoyofen: strategiuli gamoyeneba _ `resursebis gardaqmna politikur praqtikebad~, garkveuli miznebis misaRwevad, iqneba es politikur gadawyvetilebaze gavlenis moxdena, politikur instrumentebze wvdomis gaz-rda, sakuTari qmediTunarianobis gazrda Tu sxv. es yvelaze gavrcelebuli strategiaa rogorc erovnul, ise supranaciona-lur doneze, rogorc samTavrobo, ise arasamTavrobo aqtorebis mxridan. kognituri gamoyeneba garkveuli politikuri sakiTxis gagebas da interpretacias gulisxmobs, risTvisac politikur aqtorebs konkretul analitikur CarCos sTavazobs; anu es ukanaskneli darwmunebis meqanizmad gamoiyeneba da mTeli rigi aqtorebis monawileobas gulisxmobs erovnul da supranacio-nalur doneze. legitimurobis mimcemi gamoyeneba pirveli oris sinTezis Sedegia da gulisxmobs èvropaze apelirebas, rogorc erovnuli sajaro politikis legitimaciis gzas.~ mas ZiriTa-dad samTavrobo aqtorebi mimarTaven, romlebic e.w. èvropul ritorikas~ iyeneben, iqneba es èvropuli interesebi~ Tu èvro-puli direqtivebi.~ miuxedavad imisa, rom es legitimacia dis-kurss efuZneba, misi efeqti sakmaod Zlieria, radgan diskursi umniSvnelovanes gavlenas axdens evropeizaciis procesis mim-dinareobaze (Jacquot and Woll, 2003, 6-7). Cveni kvlevis fokusi swored evropeizaciis diskursul aspeqtzea mimarTuli, radgan is evrointegraciis `gamoyenebis~ sxva aspeqtebsac aerTianebs da am procesis mimarT sazogadoebriv damokidebulebas gansaz-Rvravs: swored politikur Tu popularul doneze arsebuli Sinauri diskursebi aniWeben Tu arTmeven legitimurobas evro-peizaciis process.

warmodgenili tipologia exmianeba radaelis klasifika-cias, sadac gamoyofilia sami sfero, romlis evropeizaciac xorcieldeba: a) Sinauri struqturebi, b) sajaro politika, g)

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kognituri da normatuli struqturebi (2003, 35). es ukanaskne-li gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa, radgan kulturuli Rireb-ulebebisa da socialuri normebis sistemas, diskursebisa da erovnuli identobis kvlavwarmoebisa da transformaciis pro-cesebs moiazrebs. es ki niSnavs, rom evropeizacia gavlenas axdens ara mxolod qveynis politikuri struqturebis funq-cionirebaze, aramed zemoqmedebs da garkveulwilad cvlis wevr Tu gawevrianebis msurvel qveynebSi dominantur Rirebulebebs, normebsa da diskursebs. Tavis mxriv, am qveynebSi moqmedi dis-kursebi gavlenas axdens maT evropeizaciis xarisxze (iqve, 36).

evrokavSirTan da evropeizaciasTan mimarTebaSi Semdeg diskursebze SeiZleba saubari: evrokavSiris oficialuri dis-kursi, socialur mecnierTa diskursi, azrTa liderebisa da in-teleqtualTa diskursi da adamianTa yoveldRiuri cxovrebis araformaluri diskursi (Nanz, 2000, 290). Cveni kvleva miznad isaxavs saqarTvelos evropeizaciasTan dakavSirebiT qveynis SigniT arsebuli dominanturi diskursebis gamovlenas, gansa-kuTrebuli aqcentiT imaze, Tu rogor xdeba am diskursebis prezentacia Tu performansi farTo auditoriisTvis. marTa-lia, evrokavSiris oficialuri diskursi Cvens fokuss scdeba, magram unda aRiniSnos, rom azrTa liderebisa da mosaxleo-bis diskursebi swored evrokavSiris oficialur diskursebs ireklavs da maTze sapasuxo narativebs gvTavazobs. Sesabamis-ad, Cveni publikacia rogorc sazogadoebrivi azris liderebi-sa da politikosebis narativebis, ise mosaxleobis yoveldRi-uri, araformaluri diskursebis analizs sTavazobs mkiTxv-els, amaxvilebs ra yuradRebas maT mier saqarTvelos evro-peizaciis procesis politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli aspeqtebis Sefasebaze. amasTan, Tavad warmodgenili publika-cia SegviZlia miviCnioT saqarTvelos evropeizaciis sakiTxze socialur mecnierTa diskursis konkretul SemTxvevad.

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kvlevis meTodi

kvlevis miznidan gamomdinare, kvlevis samizne jgufi oria: erTi mxriv, politikuri elita da politikis eqspertebi (ev-ropeizaciis diskursebi politikur doneze), meore mxriv ki, mosaxleoba (evropeizaciis diskursebi popularul/sazoga-doebriv doneze).

warmodgenili kvleva triangulaciis princips efuZneba da oTx kvleviT komponents moicavs:

diskursebis politikur doneze kvlevis mizniT,

• Catarda 25 siRrmiseuli interviu politikosebTan (sa-parlamento umravlesobisa da umciresobis wevrebi) da sazogadoebrivi azris liderebTan/eqspertebTan (arasam-Tavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi, damoukide-beli eqspertebi, mecnierebi), romelTa SerCevac mizno-brivi meTodiT ganxorcielda, raTa mogvecva rogorc politikuri partiebis farTo speqtri, ise sxvadasxva seqtorSi moRvawe eqspertebi, saerTaSoriso orga-nizaciebiT dawyebuli da umaRlesi saswavleblebiT das-rulebuli. radgan siRrmiseuli interviuebi 2015 wlis gazafxulze Catarda, naSromSi `arsebuli xelisufleba~ da `saparlamento umravlesoba~ koalicia `qarTul oc-nebas~ gulisxmobs, `wina xelisufleba~ da `saparlamento umciresoba~ ki _ `erTian nacionalur moZraobas.~ `sa-parlmento umciresoba~ aseve moiazrebs `Tavisufal de-mokratebs~, romlebmac 2014 wlis noemberSi mmarTveli koalicia datoves. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom gansxvave-buli politikuri Sexedulebebis mocvis mizniT, Seveca-deT, siRrmiseuli interviuebi parlamentis im wevrebT-anac Cagvetarebina, romlebic Riad avlenen antidasav-lur/antievropul sentimentebs, Tumca maTgan kvlevaSi monawileobaze Tanxmoba ver movipoveT.

• amasTan, ganxorcielda im reitinguli beWduri da on-lain mediasaSualebebis kontent-analizi da diskursuli analizi, romlebic evropeizaciis konteqstSi saqarT-velosTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebze axdendnen

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refleqsias. mediasaSualebebis analizi oTx raundad ganxorcielda, TiToeuli raundis xangrZlivobaa 1 Tve; kerZod, gaanalizda: a) reitinguli beWduri media (Sesa-bamisi eleqtronuli versiiT), romelic erTmaneTisgan swored prodasavluri (Jurnalebi `liberali~ da `ta-bula~, gazeTebi `kviris palitra~ da “Georgia Today~) da antidasavluri (gazeTebi `asaval-dasavali~ da `saqarT-velo da msoflio~) saredaqcio politikiT gansxvavdeba; b) analitikuri da sainformacio vebportalebi (`radio Tavisufleba~, netgazeti.ge da InterPressNews.ge).

diskursebis popularul doneze kvlevis mizniT,

• ganxorcielda fokus jgufebis seria saqarTvelos sx-vadasxva regionSi mcxovreb mosaxleobasTan (2015 wlis Semodgoma). vinaidan politikuri tendenciebi, rogorc wesi, dedaqalaqebSi da sxva did qalaqebSi iRebs saTaves, saidanac Semdeg qveynis sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT vrcel-deba, Cveni kvlevis farglebSi fokus jgufebi Catarda TbilisSi da aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelos sakvan-Zo qalaqebSi, kerZod: quTaisSi, baTumsa da zugdidSi (dasavleT saqarTvelos yvelaze didi qalaqebi; amasTan, zugdidi konfliqtis zonasTan axlomdebare qalaqi), aseve Telavsa da gorSi (aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sakvan-Zo qalaqebi; amasTan, gori konfliqtis zonasTan axlom-debare qalaqi). amdenad, fokus jgufebi saqarTvelos eqvs qalaqSi Catarda. radgan erovnuli reprezentatuli kvlevebis monacemebiT, axalgazrda Taoba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis yvelaze proevropul segments warmoadgens, respondentebis SerCeva da dajgufeba swored asakobrivi niSniT moxda, rac maT mier postsabWoTa an sabWoTa pe-riodSi gavlili socializaciis safexurebsac emTxveva: 18-25 wlebi (maT, vinc socializacia gaiara postsabWoTa periodSi), 26-40 wlebi (maT, vinc socializacia gaiara rogorc sabWoTa, aseve postsabWoTa periodSi) da 41-65 wlebi (maT, vinc socializacia gaiara sabWoTa periodSi). TiToeul qalaqSi Catarda sami fokus jgufi aRniSnuli asakobrivi kategoriebis mixedviT (sul 18 fokus jgufi).

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• popularul (mosaxleobis) doneze evropeizaciis dis-kursebis Tvisebrivi kvlevis monacemebis erovnuli reprezentatuli monacemebiT gamdidrebis mizniT, ganx-orcielda bolo periodSi Catarebuli erovnuli kv-levebis (ISSP 2013, CRRC 2015) monacemebis statistikuri analizi. kerZod, Cveni sakvlevi sakiTxidan gamomdinare, ganvaxorcielT CRRC-is 2015 wlis erovnuli kvlevis `ev-rokavSiris mimarT damokidebulebebisa da codnis Se-faseba saqarTveloSi~ monacemebisa da ISSP-is 2013 wlis erovnuli kvlevis `erovnuli identobis~ monacemebis statistikuri analizi.

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evropeizaciis Sesaxeb diskursebi qarTul proevropul da antievropul beWdur

da eleqtronul mediaSi

saqarTvelos evropeizaciis procesis mimdinareobis Se-fasebisa da mosaxleobis ganwyobebis Seqmnis konteqstSi, mediis diskursebi umniSvnelovanes rols TamaSobs. amdenad, maTi Ses-wavla mocemuli kvlevis arsebiT komponents Seadgenda, romlis farglebSic qarTuli mediis analizis oTxi talRa ganxorciel-da. analizisTvis SeirCa ramdenime beWduri da eleqtronuli mediasaSualeba. mediaagentebis SerCevisas mTavar kriteriums maTi reitingi, prodasavluri/proevropuli Tu antidasavlu-ri/antievropuli ritorika da, amasTan, ara ubralod omnibus-ambebis, aramed Tvalsazrisebis SeTavazeba warmoadgenda.

denisis da defloris Tanaxmad, mediaagentebis klasifikacia SegviZlia movaxdinoT imis mixedviT, Tu ras sTavazoben isini au-ditorias _ siaxleebs Tu Tvalsazrisebs (news vs. views). rogorc wesi, kulturuli kapitaliT mdidari auditoriis wevrebi arCev-ans Tvalsazrisebze akeTeben, gansxvavebiT kulturuli kapi-taliT nakleb mdidari/Raribi wevrebisgan, romlebic miwodebul informacias, umetesad, refleqsiis gareSe iReben (Dennis, DeFleur, 2009). Tvalsazrisebis SeTavazebaze orientirebuli Tematuri me-diaagentebis kvleva ki imdenadaa saintereso, ramdenadac swored maTi momxmareblebi SeiZleba ganvixiloT, socialuri da poli-tikuri TvalsazrisiT, ufro aqtiur moqalaqeebad, romelTac gamokveTili poziciebi aqvT, da Tu pol lazarsfeldis da misi kolegebis mier SemuSavebul orsafexuriani komunikaciis mod-els gaviTvaliswinebT, swored maTze gavliT avrcelebs media informacias farTo auditoriaSi (1944, 151).

kvlevis farglebSi, im reitinguli beWduri da onlain medi-asaSualebebis kontent-analizi da diskursuli analizi ganxor-cielda, romlebic evropeizaciis konteqstSi saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze mniSvnelovan movlenebze axdendnen refleqsias. kerZod, gaanalizda: a) reitinguli beWduri media (Sesabamisi eleqtro-nuli versiiT), romelic erTmaneTisgan swored prodasavluri (Jurnalebi `liberali~ da `tabula~, gazeTebi `kviris palitra~ da “Georgia Today~, rogorc inglisurenovani gamocema, romelic

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saerTaSoriso scenisTvis gankuTvnil diskursebs aJRerebs) da antidasavluri (gazeTebi àsaval-dasavali~ da `saqarTvelo da msoflio~) saredaqcio politikiT gansxvavdeba; b) analitikuri da sainformacio vebportalebi (`radio Tavisufleba~, netgazeti.ge da InterPressNews.ge).

mediaanalizis pirveli talRis dawyebas qveyanaSi ganviTareb-ulma politikurma movlenebma ubiZga, kerZod, 2014 wlis noember-Si, Tavdacvis ministris postidan irakli alasanias gadayenebam evrointegraciis Tema gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri gaxada rogorc politikuri, aseve sainformacio velisTvis. mediaanalizis meo-re talRa 2015 wlis TebervalSi, mmarTveli koalicia `qarTuli ocnebis~ warmomadgenlebis mier saqarTvelos evroatlantikur struqturebSi gawevrianebis Sesaxeb skandalur gancxadebebs mo-hyva, rasac saparlamento umciresobis da sazogadoebis mxridan sakmaod mwvave reaqcia axlda. mediaanalizis mesame talRisTvis sagangebod SeirCa 2015 wlis maisi, romelic mniSvnelovani iyo aRmosavleT partniorobis rigis samitis gamo. rac Seexeba bolo, meoTxe talRas, is 2016 wlis ivnisSi Catarda da am etapze ev-ropeizaciasTan dakavSirebuli ori mniSvnelovani Tema iyo sain-tereso _ saqarTvelos vizaliberalizaciis sakiTxis ganxilva da britaneTis referendumi (breqsiti).

mediaanalizis pirveli talRa _ noemberi, 2014

2014 wlis noemberSi, beWdur da eleqtronul mediaSi, saqa-rTvelos evropeizaciis TvalsazrisiT saintereso ramdenime Tema gamoikveTa: 1) Tavdacvis saministrosTan, kerZod ki, uw-yebaSi dawyebul gamoZiebasa da ramdenime piris dakavebasTan dakavSirebuli aJiotaJi, rasac Sedegad Tavdacvis ministris gadayeneba da sagareo saqmeTa da evrointegraciis ministrebis Tanamdebobidan wasvla moyva. maT mier gakeTebuli gancxade-bebis Tanaxmad, qveynis evroatlantikur kurss safrTxe Seeqm-na. 2) yofili saxelisuflebo partiis, èrTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~ mier 15 noembers gamarTuli aqcia àra aneqsias~, romelic, formalurad, ruseTis winaaRmdeg unda yofiliyo mimarTuli, Tumca, sabolood, arsebuli xelisuflebis winaaR-

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mdeg protestis forma miiRo. 3) 17-18 noembers saqarTvelos mTavrobis delegaciis viziti briuselSi, sadac saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris asocirebis sabWos pirveli sxdoma gaimarTa da premierministri irakli RaribaSvili Sexvda rogorc evrokav-Siris warmomadgenlebs, aseve natos axal generalur mdivans.

swored am movlenebs aqtiurad aSuqebda qarTuli media, romelSic mocemul sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT ramdenime dis-kursi gamoikveTa. erTis Tanaxmad, garkveuli politikuri aqtorebis gancxadebebi saqarTvelos evropuli da evroat-lantikuri kursisTvis safrTxis Seqmnis Sesaxeb aradamajere-belia. Tavdacvis uwyebis ramdenime maRalCinosnis dakaveba arasakmaris safuZvelad miiCneva, raTa Tavdacvis yofili min-istris, irakli alasanias gancxadeba evroatlantikuri kursi-dan gadaxvevis Sesaxeb sandod CaiTvalos. aRsaniSnavia, rom am diskurss swored prodasavluri media gvTavazobs.

àucilebelia meti mtkicebuleba im azris gasamyareblad, rom saqme namdvilad evroatlantikur arCevanze SetevasTan gvaqvs da ara pirad dapirispirebasTan~ (`liberali~).

ès gancxadeba hgavs irakli alasanias mier evropisaken mi-maval gzaze svlis eqskluziuri uflebis datovebas~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

aqve, gakritikebulia romelime politikuri Zalis mier qveynis prodasavlur kursze eqskluziuri uflebis gamoTqma da warmodgenilia narativi, rom saqarTvelos evropuli kursi xalxis arCevania da ara romelime xelisuflebis.

èvroatlantikuri arCevani arc am da arc wina xelisu-flebis mier araa gakeTebuli, es qarTveli xalxis arCevania~ (`radio Tavsiufleba~).

èvroatlantikuri arCevani sazogadoebam gaakeTa da es kursi am gunds [„erTian nacionalur moZraobas”] ar eWira kbilebiT~ (`kviris palitra~).

kidev erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, Seqmnili viTareba Zalian hgavs Sida politikur dapirispirebas da `Tavisufali de-mokratebis~ politikur svlas, romlebmac qveynis evropuli

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kursisTvis safrTxis Seqmna sababad gamoiyenes. dapirispirebis mizezad `Tavisufali demokratebis~ lideris maRali reitingi saxeldeba, romlis mmarTvel gundTan dapirispirebis mizezad misi damoukidebeli azrovneba miiCneva. amasTan, aRniSnulia, rom prodasavluri orientaciis mqone gundis koaliciidan gasvlis mizezi koaliciis Seqmnidanve arsebobda, radgan ko-aliciaSi sruliad gansxvavebuli Rirebulebebisa da xedvebis mqone Zalebi gaerTiandnen, romelTac moklevadian perspeqti-vaSi saerTo mizani amoZravebdaT, kerZod, saparlamento arCev-nebSi gamarjveba; Tumca, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi maTi erT politikur Zalad Camoyalibeba imTaviTve ararealisturi iyo.

`,Tavisufali demokratebi’ da ,respublikuri partia’ ko-aliciaSi swored imitom Seiyvana [biZina ivaniSvilma], rom isini koaliciis prodasavlurobis orientiri yofiliyvnen da, garkveulwilad, mexamridis roli eTamaSaT im dartymebis asacileblad, roca ivaniSvils oponentebi rusul ,proeqto-bas’ daabralebdnen~ (ìnterpresniusi~).

`bevrisTvis swored isini [,Tavisufali demokratebi’ da ,respublikuri partia’] warmoadgendnen garantias imisa, rom sagareo kursSi araviTari seriozuli cvlileba ar iyo mosa-lodneli~ (ìnterpresniusi~).

atexili aJiotaJi Sefasebulia, rogorc Sida politikuri garCevebis Sedegi, sadac, rogorc ìnterpresniusi~ wers, dasavlur kursze apelireba ufro piarsvlas hgavs, vidre re-alur safrTxes. is faqti ki, rom alasania da misi gundi pro-dasavluria, eWvqveS ar aris dayenebuli.

àlasania principuli poziciis mqone prodasavluri poli-tikosia, romlis mTavari mimzidveloba swored mis politi-kur orientaciaSia... is prodasavluradaa aRqmuli rogorc amomrCevlis, aseve Tavad dasavleTis mier~ (“Georgia Today~).

metic, aqcenti keTdeba imaze, rom Sida politikur velSi adgili aqvs dapirispirebas `profesionalebsa~ da àraprofe-sionalebs~ Soris, rac kidev erT diskursad gamoikveTa medi-aSi. Tu prodasavluri media prodasavlur politikur Zalebs (`Tavisufal demokratebs~ da `respublikelebs~) profesionalTa

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rigebSi moiazrebs, mTavrobis meTaurTan, irakli RaribaSvilTan mimarTebaSi profesionalizmisa da politikuri gamocdilebis deficits usvams xazs. `liberalis~ Tanaxmad, `mxolod parizSi miRebuli ganaTleba, sxvadasxva sferoSi muSaobis gamocdileba da misi erTguleba ar kmara~ imisaTvis, rom adamiani saxelmwifos meTauri iyos. misi daniSvnis kriteriumi `kargi meojaxeoba~ ar unda iyos, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca `saqarTvelo dasavlur standartebze morgebas cdilobs~, radgan arasakmarisi politi-kuri gamocdilebis mqone adamianis mTavrobis meTaurad daniSvna qveynis ganviTarebis Semaferxebel faqtorad aRiqmeba.

mediaSi aqtiurad mimdinareobs msjeloba rogorc Sida da-pirispirebaze mmarTvel gundSi, aseve Widilze, romelic `Ta-visufal demokratebsa~ da èrTian nacionalur moZraobas~ Soris mimdinareobs. orive Zala sakuTari Tavis pozicirebas axdens, rogorc dasavluri orientaciis mqone politikuri agentisa. rogorc antidasavluri media prognozirebs, maT mier prodasavluri kursis monopolizaciisTvis brZola uax-loes momavalSi aqtiur fazaSi Seva.

ìqneba dauviwyari brZola ,WeSmariti prodasavlelis’ titulisTvis~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

am brZolaSi konkretuli jgufi gansakuTrebiT mondomebu-lad miiCneva. antidasavluri media cinikuradac ki aRniSnavs, rom irakli alasania imaze ufro metad amerikelia, vidre amas amerikelebi qarTvelebisgan iTxoven!~ (àsaval-dasavali~).

Tu politikuri aqtorebis prodasavluri diskursebiT ma-nipulirebas dramaturgiuli koncefciis konteqstSi ganvixi-lavT, es TamaSi, gofmanis (1959) sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, SesaZloa ùkana regionisTvis~ anu saqarTvelos eleqtoratisTvis gaT-vlil svlad ganvixiloT, rac `wina regionSi~, am SemTxvevaSi, briuselSi, qveynis imijs dartymas ayenebs. Tumca, pozitiurad SeiZleba Sefasdes Tavad is faqti, rom `kulisebSi~ brZola mimdinareobs iseTi ideis garSemo, rogoricaa prodasavluri kursi, rac imaze miuTiTebs, rom saqarTvelos eleqtoratisT-vis am kursis SenarCuneba kritikulad mniSvnelovania.

kidev erTi sagulisxmo diskursis Tanaxmad, evrointegra-ciis mimarTulebiT saqarTvelos winsvla SeiniSneba, rac cal-

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saxad pozitiuradaa Sefasebuli prodasavluri mediis mier. evropasTan daaxloebis mimarTulebiT gadadgmul TvalsaCino magaliTad saqarTvelosTan vizaliberalizaciis samoqmedo gegmis meore fazis amoqmedebis Sesaxeb miRweuli SeTanxmeba saxeldeba. Tu `ukana regionis~ konteqstsac SevexebiT, pozi-tiuradaa Sefasebuli is faqti, rom politikur velSi TamaSis axali etapi iwyeba, sadac SedarebiT racionaluri Zalebi Sei-Zleba daupirispirdnen erTmaneTs (`kviris palitra~). mokleva-dian perspeqtivaSi, mTavrobaSi mimdinare dapirispirebebi negatiur movlenadaa Sefasebuli, radgan miCneulia, rom amas `mTavrobis dasusteba~ moyva imiT, rom yvelaze reitingulma ministrma gundi datova; Tumca, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, es pozitiur movlenad aRiqmeba, radgan mosalodnelia par-lamentSi sami subieqtis gaCena, sakanonmdeblo organos me-tad efeqturi muSaoba da imis albaTobac, rom `Tavisufalma demokratebma~ axali aliansi Seqmnan, savaraudod `respubli-kur partiasTan.~ rogorc prodasavluri media prognozirebs, proevropuli Zalebis gaerTianebis perspeqtiva saxezea.

pozitiuradaa Sefasebuli is faqtic, rom Riad xdeba imis gaprotesteba, rom qveyana araevropuli meTodebiT imarTeba. kuluarebidan marTvis gaprotestebadaa Sefasebuli prezi-dent giorgi margvelaSvilis sityva parlamentSi, sadac is aRniSnavs, rom ar unda davuSvaT saxelmwifo institutebs So-ris urTierTqmedebis Canacvleba xelmZRvanelTa Soris per-sonificirebuli urTierTobebiT; gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesi unda movaqcioT formalur garemoSi, risTvisac ar-sebobs konstituciiT gaTvaliswinebuli formatebi~ (net-gazeTi). swored formaluri garemos Seqmna da saxelmwifo institutebis gaZlierebaa miCneuli demokratiul da evro-pul saxelmwifod Camoyalibebis garantad. institutebis ga-Zlierebis mniSvnelobaze diskursebs vxvdebiT `kviris pali-traSic~, `liberalSic~ da `radio TavisuflebaSic.~

aqve, mniSvnelovania kidev erTi diskursi, rom mcire wins-vlebi ar aris saqarTvelos demokratizaciis garanti da am mimarTulebiT kidev bevria samuSao. am procesSi umniSvnelova-nesi roli `gemis kapitans~ anu mTavrobis meTaurs eniWeba, Tum-ca arc sxva politikuri Zalebis pasuxismgeblobaa dakninebuli.

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`mTavari institutebis ganviTarebaa, romelic iqneba imis garanti, rom konkretuli subieqtebi ver moaxdenen gavlenas verc kursis cvlilebaze da maT aiZuleben imoqmedon ara saku-Tari, aramed qveynis interesebidan gamomdinare~ (`liberali~).

prodasavlur media imasac usvams xazs, rom rusuli safrTxe realuria, prodasavluri evropa da aSS ki _ am safrTxis daZlevis garantia. amaze saubroben rogorc saqarTvelos mTavrobis war-momadgenlebi briuselSi vizitis Semdeg, aseve analitikosebic. analitikosTa SefasebiT, ukrainisgan gansxvavebiT, moklevadian perspeqtivaSi omis safrTxe naklebadaa mosalodneli; saqarTve-lo ufro metad unda elodos ekonomikuri berketebis amoqmede-bas, kerZod, qarTuli produqciis eqsportis Semcirebas, rac `mniSvnelovani dartyma iqneba qarTveli glexisTvis~, romelic `naklebad fiqrobs xangrZliv gaTvlebze da ojaxis saarsebo Semosavlis miRebazea orientirebuli~ (`radio Tavisufleba~). evropul bazarSi gasvlis alternativa ki Zalian mniSvnelova-nia, magram evrokavSirTan Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali vaWrobis sargebeli didxans ver iqneba aRqmuli fermeris mier, radgan jer kidev didi droa saWiro warmoebis kulturis evro-kavSiris standartebTan miaxloebamde.

rusuli safrTxis arsebobis konteqstSi SeiZleba iyos ganxi-luli `erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~ mier 15 noembers gamar-Tuli aqciac, romelic, oficialuri versiiT, ruseTis mier saqa-rTvelos teritoriebis aneqsiis gaprotestebas isaxavda miznad, Tumca, realurad, `kolaboracionisti~ xelisuflebis kriti-kas ufro warmoadgenda. mediaSi Cndeba eqs-mmarTveli gundis gancxadebebi, rom saqarTvelos amJamindeli xelisufleba arc erT saerTaSoriso asparezs ar iyenebs, raTa informacia gaavrce-los ruseTis qmedebebis Sesaxeb da ruseTis mimarT mkacr poli-tikas ar atarebs. marTalia, premieri RaribaSvili amtkicebs, rom yvela saerTaSoriso asparezze xdeba qveynis evropuli kursis erTgulebis xazgasma da evropasac amasTan dakavSirebiT eWvebi ar aqvs, magram prodasavluri gundis koaliciidan gasvla mainc problemad aRiqmeba. prodasavluri mediis Tanaxmad, `marTalia, es upirobod ar niSnavs kursis cvlilebas, magram proevropuli Zalebis gamokleba awyobs ruseTs da ar awyobs evropas, rasac TavisTavad mohyveba Sedegebi~ (`kviris palitra~).

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rac Seexeba am safrTxis ganeitralebis strategias, aq mTa-var mxardamWerad rogorc mTavroba, aseve Zveli (èrTiani na-cionaluri moZraoba~) Tu axali (`Tavisufali demokratebi~) opozicia da prodasavluri media, evrokavSirs moiazreben. isini Tanxmdebian, rom qveynis usafrTxoebis gaZliereba misi ekonomikuri da politikuri institutebis gaZlierebiT unda daiwyos, raSic evrokavSiris roli sakvanZod miiCneva. am kon-teqstSi, prodasavluri media xSirad adarebs evrokavSirsa da evraziul kavSirs. rogorc “Georgia Today~ wers, Tu SevadarebT qveynebis maCveneblebs ekonomikur, instituciur da samoqalaqo Tavisuflebis sferoebSi, evraziul kavSirSi Semaval qveynebTan SedarebiT, evrokavSirSi Semavali qveynebis maCveneblebi gac-ilebiT maRalia. amdenad, saqarTvelosTvis gacilebiT momge-biania evrointegracia, vidre evraziul kavSirSi gawevrianeba.

metic, rogorc `kviris palitra~ wers, saqarTvelodan meti adamiani unda wavides evropaSi, raTa Tavad darwmundnen pro-evropuli arCevanis upiratesobaSi da imaSi, rom ruseTi evro-pis alternativa verasodes gaxdeba. amis sapirwoned, mosalod-nelia, rom ruseTi kidev ufro aamuSavebs sainformacio pro-pagandas, sadac evropis, rogorc saimedo partnioris, imijis Selaxva moxdeba, erTmorwmune ruseTis imijis ganmtkicebis paralelurad, romelTan siaxlovec qarTveli glexisTvis ekonomikurad momgebianad iqneba warmodgenili. axlovadian perspeqtivaSi, swored ekonomikuri berketebis amoqmedebaa prognozirebuli, evropa ki jer ver iqneba gamosavali, radgan èvropul standartebs Cveni produqcia mniSvnelovnad cde-ba.~ amitomac, yvelaze reitinguli gazeTis, `kviris palitris~ mowodebaa: `meti glexi _ evropaSi~, sadac isini gaecnobian dasavlur standartebs da siaxleebs. `netgazeTic~ imave pa-Toss iziarebs: `meti evropa _ glexs, meti glexi _ evropas.~ naTqvamia, rom swored ase gaxdeba SesaZlebeli, metma adamianma dainaxos saqarTveloSi, rom dasavleTs ar aqvs alternativa, rom `ruseTisgan ekonomikuri aRmavloba iluziaa, fantomia, romelic maSinve gaqreba, rogorc ki ruseTi saqarTvelos Ta-visi gavlenis sivrceSi daibrunebs~ (`kviris palitra~).

Tumca, sxva mediasaSualebebisgan gansxvavebiT, àsaval-dasavali~ da `saqarTvelo da msoflio~ gamoxatuli anti-

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dasavluri poziciiT gamoirCevian. isini acxadeben, rom evropa da, zogadad, dasavleTi safrTxis Semcvelia saqarTvelosT-vis. erT-erT mTavar safrTxed qveyanaSi àRviraxsnilobis dakanoneba~ saxeldeba, ris gamoxatulebadac seqsualuri cxovrebis liberalizacia da antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miReba miiCneva. meore mniSvnelovan safrTxed ki qarTuli eklesiis winaaRmdeg brZola saxeldeba, rac sakmaod sensi-tiuri sakiTxia, radgan gamokiTxvebis Tanaxmad, yvelaze av-toritetul institutad saqarTveloSi swored eklesia gvev-lineba (rogorc kavkasiis barometris kvlevebis monacemebi mowmobs, yvela asakobrivi kategoriidan (18-35, 36-55, 56+) respondentTa 80% mainc ucxadebs `ndobas~ an `srul ndobas~ marTlmadideblur eklesias (crrc.ge)). am faqtis gamo da imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom àsaval-dasavali~ sakmaod reitinguli gazeTia, SesaZlebelia vivaraudoT, rom mis mier warmodgenili diskursi bevri moqalaqisTvis SeiZleba iyos misaRebi. msgavss paToss iziarebs `saqarTvelo da msoflio~, romlis ritori-kac Semdegnairia:

`Tu gvinda RvTis uaryofa da uflis gmoba, evrointegracia amas gardauvals gaxdis~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

`dasavleTis laSqroba marTlmadidebeli civilizaciis wi-naaRmdeg grZeldeba~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

aqve, sainteresoa diskursi, romelic mediasaSualebebidan mxolod `saqarTvelo da msoflios~ da àsaval-dasavals~ axa-siaTebs _ evropa da dasavleTi warmodgenilia Zalad, romelic kritikul viTarebaSi ar aris mzad, saqarTvelos daexmaros (amis magaliTad 2008 wlis agvistos omia moyvanili), radgan ruseTi evropaze da dasavleTze Zlieria. metic, aRniSnulia, rom ruseTis Semdegi samizne saqarTvelo iqneba da dasav-leTi, romelic ukrainaSi ukve damarcxda, verc saqarTvelos daicavs. swored amitom saqarTvelom unda gaakeTos arCevani ufro Zlier da, amasTan, erTmorwmune ruseTze, rac cudia, magram uaresze anu evropaze ukeTesia. aqve naTqvamia, rom qveyanaSi ruseTis gareSe araferi wydeba, xolo saqarTvelos evropuloba sxva araferia, Tu ara iluzia.

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`Cven evrazielebi varT da harmoniuli, dabalansebuli urTierToba unda gvqondes yvelasTan, ruseTTanac da mTel msofliosTanac~ (àsaval-dasavali~).

ruseTTan dabalansebuli politikis warmoebis aucile-blobaze sxva mediasaSualebebSicaa saubari, Tumca ara im kon-teqstSi, rom qveynis bedi mis farglebs miRma wydeba da ru-seTi aq mTavari moTamaSea. piriqiT, rogorc `liberali~ wers, qveyana, romelsac evropasa da azias Soris damakavSirebeli funqcia aqvs, swor gzas (evrointegracias) adgas da man unda moaxerxos ruseTsa da dasavleTs Soris dabalansebuli poli-tikis warmoeba.

saintereso diskursi ikveTeba, rom ubralod survili, iyo èvropuli, modernizebuli, demokratiuli~, ar aris sakmarisi da arc mcire cvlilebebia sakmarisi. amisaTvis didi Zalisx-mevaa saWiro, miTumetes, rom 1989 wels germaniaSi dawyebuli aRmosavleT evropis revolucia kvlavac grZeldeba, radgan `berlinis kedeli~ jer kidev bevrganaa rogorc `TavebSi, aseve pirdapiri mniSvnelobiTac.~ germaniis elCis, orTvin henigis mosazrebebze dayrdnobiT, `liberali~ wers, rom aRmosavleT evropis revoluciis gagrZelebaa `meidani~ da ès procesi ma-nam unda gagrZeldes, sanam politikurad da humanitarulad idealur situacias ar mivaRwevT.~

SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom ìdealuri situaciis~ miRweva, kerZod, evropuli Rirebulebebis matarebeli, demokratiuli saxelmwifos Seqmna, miT umetes, evrokavSiris wevrobis damsax-ureba, Zalian rTuli amocanaa, gansakuTrebiT Sida politi-kuri dapirispirebisa da ruseTis faqtoris gaTvaliswinebiT. magram, amgvar pirobebSic, mniSvnelovani pozitiuri faqtori ikveTeba, kerZod, politikur velSi agentTa axali gadanawile-ba, romelic SeiZleba win gadadgmuli nabiji iyos qveyanaSi ufro `profesiuli~ da `formaluri~ TamaSis wesebis damkvi-drebisaken. mTavari upiratesoba ki isaa, rom es cvlileba, romelsac eleqtoratic uWers mxars, qveynis evroatlanti-kuri kursis mimarTulebiT gadadgmul nabijadaa Sefasebuli.

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mediaanalizis meore talRa _ Tebervali-marti, 2015

drois am monakveTSi, yvelaze aqtualuri Tema qveyana-Si laris kursis dacema da ekonomikuri krizisi iyo, ramac daCrdila evropeizaciis konteqstSi aqtualuri sakiTxi, ro-melic saqarTvelos premierministris specialuri warmomadgen-lis, zurab abaSiZis gancxadebas da masze reaqciebs exeboda. is ruseTis sagareo saqmeTa ministris, sergei lavrovis gancxade-bas gamoexmaura: `Tu nato saqarTvelos aliansSi CaTrevisTvis praqtikul nabijebs gadadgams, ruseTi Sesabamis zomebs miiRebs, raTa am procesebma mdgomareobaze negatiurad ar imoqmedos~ (`netgazeTi~). abaSiZem aRniSna, rom saqarTveloSi natos infra-struqtura ar ganTavsdeba da, Tavis mxriv, arc saqarTvelos natoSi gawevrianeba dgas dRis wesrigSi axlo momavalSi.

mniSvnelovani iyo mmarTveli gundis warmomadgenlis, gogi TofaZis gancxadebac saqarTvelos natoSi integraciasTan dakavSirebiT. deputatis TqmiT, qveyana Crdiloatlantikur aliansSi gawevrianebas verc dRes da verc xval ver moax-erxebs, razec umravlesobis erT-erTma liderma, gia volskim ganacxada, rom TofaZis pozicia mmarTveli gundis pozicias emTxveva. am gancxadebis sapasuxod opoziciam (èrTiani nacio-naluri moZraobis~, àxali memarjveneebisa~ da `Tavisufali demokratebis~ saxiT) arsebuli mTavroba proevropuli kur-sidan gadaxvevasa da prorusul orientaciaSi daadanaSaula. gansakuTrebuli aqcenti gakeTda biZina ivaniSvilis figuraze, rogorc am procesis iniciatorze. amis pasuxad xelisufle-bas Tavis marTleba mouwia. saparlamento umravlesobis mxri-dan gakeTebuli gancxadebebi xazs usvamda, rom proevropuli kursi mtkicea da qarTveli xalxis arCevans efuZneba, aRniS-nuli braldebebi ki _ mxolod èrTiani nacionaluri moZrao-bis~ politikuri piaris nawilia. Tumca, mkveTri gancxadebebi, romlebic abaSiZe-TofaZe-volskis natosTan dakavSirebul gancxadebebs uaryofda, ar gakeTebula.

marTalia, abaSiZis gancxadeba natos exeboda da ara evroka-vSirs, magram misi narativi prodasavlur, Sesabamisad, proev-ropul kursze ganzogadda. es yvelaferi saintereso iyo ri-gis moaxloebuli samitis da 2015 wlis 4 marts gamoqveynebuli

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dokumentis konteqstSi, romelic evrokavSiris mxridan `er-Toblivi sakonsultacio furclis~ SemuSavebas da ruseTTan dakavSirebiT briuselis poziciis SesaZlo gadaxedvas exeboda.

Tumca, molodini imisa, rom qveynis evropuli kursi aqtua-luri Tema iqneboda mediaSi, gansakuTrebiT, socialur media-Si, Tan moaxloebuli rigis samitis pirobebSi, ar gamarTlda. Cven mier SerCeuli mediaagentebis mwiri masala rom Sevaja-moT, TvalsaCinoa, rom natosTan dakavSirebuli gancxadebebi da komentarebi evrokavSirTan urTierTobis sakiTxs mieba. erT-erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos sxvadasxva struq-turebSi gawverianeba mxolod saqarTveloze araa damokide-buli. marTalia, saqarTvelos evropuli arCevani eWvqveS ver dadgeba da is ualternativoa, magram, Tu evrokavSirSi inte-gracia Tavad saqarTvelos mier evropuli standartebis miR-wevazea damokidebuli, misi natoSi gawevrianeba ruseT-aSS-is urTierTobazea damokidebuli.

`natoSi qveynis integracia mainc gare moTamaSeebzea damokidebuli da ara Tavad saqarTveloze, da es SeiZleba mox-des an didi omis Sedegad, an didi saerTaSoriso moTamaSeebis SeTanxmebiT~ (`kviris palitra~).

amasTan, presaSi nato warmodgenilia, rogorc qveynisT-vis safrTxe, ruseTis mosalodneli sapasuxo reaqciis gamo; Tumca am safrTxeebze gamokveTilad antidasavluri gamocema `saqarTvelo da msoflio~ saubrobs. ruseTi warmodgenilia am gamocemis mier, rogorc `mzrunveli~ da `didi Zma~, ro-melic cdilobs, saqarTvelos sagareo kursze gavlena moax-dinos qveyanaze zrunvis gamo. aqedanve gamomdinareobs dis-kursi, romlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos evropisken svla ar unda xdebodes mezoblebTan saerTo enis gamonaxvis mcdelobis ugulebelyofiT, aramed moqnili politikis gatarebiT. Tum-ca, konkretulad ras gulisxmobs ruseTTan (radgan swored ruseTi igulisxmeba mezoblebSi) moqnili politikis warmoeba, arsadaa ganmartebuli.

Tu prodasavluri gamocemebisTvis, dasavleTi politi-kuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli keTildReobis magaliTia, antidasavluri `asaval-dasavalisTvis~ dasavleTi `sasurvel magaliTadaa~ moyvanili mxolod ekonomikur konteqstSi, isic

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Zalian specifikuri perspeqtividan. kerZod, statiaSi, sadac miwebis ucxoelebze gayidva gakritikebulia, moyvanilia aSS-is, avstriis, safrangeTisa da Sveicariis magaliTebi ucxoelebis mier miwebis yidvis sirTuleebTan dakavSirebiT (magaliTad, avstriaSi 10 weli unda cxovrobde, aSS-Si mxolod 0.7%-ia gasxvisebuli da a.S.). aq dasavluri regulaciebis pozitiu-rad Sefaseba mxolod imitom xdeba, rom saqme qarTuli miwebis `sxvisTvis~ miyidvis procesis garTulebas exeba, rac, am me-diis ritorikiT, garkveul safrTxeebs aaridebs qveyanas da qarTul identobas. amgvarad, antidasavluri media dasavluri standartebis TemiT manipulirebs _ Tu awyobs, maTze apeli-rebas axdens; winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi ki, kritikas ar iSurebs.

sainteresoa diskusiebi imis Taobaze, gadaxedavs Tu ara briuseli moskovTan dakavSirebul politikas, gaaRrmavebs Tu ara masTan urTierTobebs da SenarCundeba Tu ara evrokavSiris samezoblo politika. yvela es sakiTxi aqtualuri swored mar-tis dasawyisSi, `erToblivi sakonsultacio furclis~ gamo-qveynebis Semdeg gaxda, sadac dasmuli aqcentebis mixedviT da evrokavSiris warmomadgenelTa gancxadebebis safuZvelze gamoikveTa, rom evropa ruseTTan urTierTobebis gaRrmavebas cdilobs. rogorc evrokavSiris sagareo politikis umaRlesma komisarma, federika mogerinim aRniSna, evrokavSiri daJinebiT moiTxovda ruseTTan dialogsa da TanamSromlobas, raTa Ta-vidan aecilebina masTan konfrontacia (`radio Tavisufleba~). es yvelaferi gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoba safrangeTis pre-zidentis gancxadebis fonze, romlis Tanaxmad, nato axali wevrebis miRebisgan Tavs Seikavebs (`InterPressNews~), rac `ruse-TisTvis sasiamovno~ unda yofiliyo.

aqedan gamomdinareobs proevropuli mediis diskursi, rom saqarTveloSi politikuri elita zemoxsenebul dokuments da mis calkeul punqtebs sagangaSod ar miiCnevs, rac, sinamdvile-Si, `sagangaSoa, radgan ruseTis gamosworebis cotas Tu vinmes eimedeba~ (`radio Tavisufleba~). qarTulma mxarem aucile-blad unda gaiTvaliswinos, rom ruseTTan mimarTebaSi briu-selSi raRac icvleba. aqedanve gamomdinareobs diskursi, rom-lis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos evrokavSirisgan sargeblis miRebis gadaWarbebuli molodini ar unda hqondes, ara imitom, rom

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qveyana evrokavSiris moTxovnebs ver pasuxobs, aramed gare faqtorebis, kerZod, ruseTis Carevis gamo. aRniSnulia, rom bolo dros ganviTarebulma movlenebma cxadyo, rom briusels ruseTidan wamosuli winaaRmdegobis daZleva ar ZaluZs.

`ukrainis movlenebma gaaSiSvla problema, romlis Tanax-madac, evropas ubralod ar SeuZlia post-sabWoTa sivrce sakuTar nawilad aqcios, miuxedavad didi survilisa, radgan ruseTis mxridan awydeba did winaaRmdegobebs~ (`kviris pali-tra~).

`saqarTvelom unda icodes, rom evropa mas (ruseTs) oms arasdros dauwyebs~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

Tumca, ikveTeba sapirispiro diskursic, rom ruseTTan dia-logi mniSvnelovania pragmatuli mosazrebebidan gamomdinare, gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelosTvis, radgan ukrainaSi mimdinare movlenebi cxadyofs, rom miuxedavad ukiduresi daZabulobi-sa, kievic ki iZulebulia, moskovs esaubros.

`dasavleTs veubnebiT, rom Cven ruseTs velaparakebiT. anu, am dialogis gamo dasavleTs aRar aqvs argumenti am Tval-sazrisiT gvisayveduros. anu, kidev ufro safuZvliania Cveni misadmi moTxovna, am dialogSi dagvexmaros. am dialogiT, uaresobisken saqme imaze metad ver wava, rac axlaa. erTader-Ti uaresoba is iqneba, Tu rusuli tankebi TbilisSi Semovlen. meore plusi am dialogis isaa, rom ruseTSi sazogadoebrivi azri Cvens mimarT Seicvala~ (`interpresniusi~).

am konteqstSi, mniSvnelovania rusuli opoziciis lideris, boris nemcovis mkvlelobis Sedegad, qarTuli sazogadoebis garkveul nawilSi gaCenili viTarebis Secvlis imedi. kerZod, optimistebi saubroben `putinis ukanasknel welze~ da reJi-mis dacemaze, romlis daSlis dasawyisic swored es tragedia iqneba. Tumca, amave narativSi gaiJRera azrma, rom `sakral-uri msxverplebi~ verafers Secvlis da realuri moqmedebaa saWiro. miTumetes, rom briuselSi kremlis seriozuli lobi arsebobs, romelic samezoblo politikis gadaxedvaze muS-aobs. am politikis gadaxedvas ki SesaZloa moyves rogorc pozitiuri, ise negatiuri Sedegebi. kerZod, ruseTis intere-

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sebis gaTvaliswinebiT briuselis mier samezoblo politikis gadaxedvam SesaZloa simSvide moitanos, magram, imavdroulad, man SeiZleba aRmosavleT samezoblos qveynebis interesebi daazaralos da asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebaze gavlena moaxdinos. Tumca, warmodgenili diskursis Tanax-mad, rusuli lobis gamarjvebis SemTxvevaSic ki, asocirebis xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Sesruleba ki ar CaiSleba, aramed mxolod droSi gaiWimeba.

kidev erTi sakiTxi, romelzec proevropuli mediaagentebi yuradRebas amaxvileben, maisSi dagegmili rigis samitia, sadac samive qveyanam (moldova, ukraina da saqarTvelo) kidev erTx-el unda ìbrZolos evropisTvis~ da masSi sakuTari adgilis damkvidrebisTvis, da ara `Tundac iseTi teqnikuri sakiTxis miRwevisaTvis, rogoric vizis liberalizaciaa, rac adre Tu gvian ganxorcieldeba~ (`kviris palitra~). miuxedavad opti-mizmisa, rom vizaliberalizacia gardauvalia, kvlavac xazgas-mulia asocirebis xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebebis Ses-rulebaze aqtiuri muSaobis saWiroeba da imis aucilebloba, rom am valdebulebebis Sesruleba ar aRiqmebodes `tvirTad~ arc xelisuflebis da arc sazogadoebis mier, aramed arse-bobdes myari rwmena, rom maTi ganxorcieleba èvropas ki ara, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs sWirdebaT~ (`liberali~). Tumca, sainteresoa gansxvavebuli diskursic, romelic ìnterspresn-iusSi~ gamoikveTa da romlis Tanaxmad, rac ar unda cudad Seasrulos saqarTvelom `saSinao davalebebi~, dasavleTs mis mimarT strategiuli interesi aqvs da am interesis arseboba ar SeiZleba xelisuflebis damsaxurebad CaiTvalos.

`braldeba, rom saqarTvelo saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis radarebidan gamqralia, arasamarTliani Sefasebaa da sinamd-viles ar Seesabameba. Tumca, unda vTqvaT, rom is vizitebi, romelic saqarTveloSi xorcieldeba aSS-dan da evropidan, yuradReba, rasac isini Cven mimarT iCenen, SesaZloa, ara imde-nad saqarTvelos xelisuflebis damsaxurebaa, ramdenadac am qveynebis interesi Cveni qveynisa da regionis mimarT~ (ìnter-presniusi~).

aqve aRsaniSnavia, rom mediaaqtorebis SefasebiT, saqarT-

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velos xelisufleba `saSinao davalebebs~ met-naklebad Tavs arTmevs; Tumca, problemad miiCneva is, rom xelisufleba saTa-nadod ar aqtiurobs, raTa evrokavSirSi saqarTvelos intere-sebis lobireba moaxdinos da daasabuTos, rom saqarTvelosa da ruseTis interesebi araTavsebadia.

`samwuxarod, gzavnili xelisuflebis is aris, rom ruse-Tisa da saqarTvelos interesebi erTmaneTs xels ar uSlis. am tipis gzavnili gasagebia briuselisTvis, radgan mas regionSi simSvide surs, Tumca es gzavnili arafris maqnisia moskovisT-vis. saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi ki gzavnili unda iyos im mimar-TulebiT, rom, rogorc ar unda dainaxos es gzavnili ruseTma, ra safrTxeebic ar unda gaCndes, saqarTvelos arCevani ucv-lelia da is mainc evropisken iqneba orientirebuli~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

prodasavlur mediaSi xazgasmulia, rom am logikas sru-liad scdeba mmarTveli gundis warmomadgenelTa gancxadeba natosTan dakavSirebiT da aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis pozi-cia, romelic sakanonmdelo organoSi gakeTebul gancxadebebs arc emijneba da arc maTze komentars akeTebs. xelisuflebis aqtiuroba ki Zalian mniSvnelovania, radgan swored moldovas mier gadadgmuli nabijebi gaxda mis mier vizaliberalizaciis procesis warmatebiT gavlis sawindari da misi Rvino ukve ga-dis evropul bazarze. aRniSnulia, rom amis mizezi isaa, rom ruseTis muqaris Semdeg, rom is asocirebis xelmowerisTanave ganaaxlebda konfliqts dnestrispireTSi, moldovam pirdapir mosTxova briusels radikaluri zomebis miReba da moskovTan konfrontaciaze wavida. naTqvamia, rom swored moldovas mier sakiTxis ase dayenebis gamo miiRo briuselma politikuri gadawyvetileba vizaliberalizaciis Sesaxeb. rac Seexeba saqa-rTvelos, miCneulia, rom man Tavad ar gadadga aseTi radi-kaluri nabijebi; piriqiT, misi gzavnili iyo, rom is ruseT-Tan urTierTobebs agvarebs da masTan savaWro urTierTobebs aRadgens, ramac ar misca briusels biZgi, saqarTvelos SemTx-vevaSic msgavsi politikuri gadawyvetileba mieRo. Sesabamisad, warmodgenili diskursis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos xelisufle-bam uari unda Tqvas pasiur politikaze da evropul kursTan

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dakavSirebiT misi gancxadebebic da qmedebebic gaaaqtiuros rogorc ukana~ (saqarTvelo), aseve wina~ (briuseli) regionSi.

`gavaRrmavoT da gavaZlieroT Cveni urTierTobebi evro-kavSirTan. mTavrobam, ra Tqma unda, unda imuSaos 24-saaTian reJimSi, rom mTeli misi SesaZleblobebi gamoiyenos srulad. imitom, rom bolo periodSi procesebi Senelda imdenad, rom veRar vaxdenT gavlenebs evrokavSiris SigniT mimdinare pro-cesebze, rac exeba samezoblo politikas~ (`tabula~).

aqve xazgasmulia evrokavSirTan savaWro xelSekrulebis momgebianoba qarTuli biznesisTvis, magram kvlavac aRniSnu-lia, rom am mogebis misaRebad aucilebelia swored mTavrobis aqtiuroba. sagulisxmoa, rom am diskurss antidasavluri me-diac ki aJRerebs.

`ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, mzad ar varT asocirebis xelSekrulebisTvis, vgulisxmob imas, rom qarTuli biznes-kompaniebi mzad ar arian, evropuli standartebis Sesabamisi produqcia awarmoon da am standartebTan miaxloebas didi dro dasWirdeba. am periodis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba inves-ticiebi gaizardos, magram qarTuli biznesi kidev ufro Se-viwrovdes. muSaoba da mTavrobis mxridan proteqcionistu-li midgomaa saWiro, ufro meti daxmareba sWirdeba erovnu-li warmoebis im segments, romelic evrokavSiris bazarze unda gavides. Tu am vakuums mTavroba Seavsebs, asocirebis xelSekruleba CvenTvis momgebiani iqneba~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

evropeizaciis procesis warmatebisTvis, sxvadasxva regu-laciis amoqmedebasTan erTad, umniSvnelovanesia Tavisufali sivrcis Seqmna-SenarCunebis sakiTxi, risi erT-erTi mTavari ga-ranti Zlieri arasamTavrobo seqtoria. swored am konteqstSi sagulisxmoa is faqti, rom miuxedavad oficialurad gacxade-buli evropuli kursisa, saparlamento umravlesobis wevri gogi TofaZe acxadebs, rom arasamTavrobo organizaciebisTvis ucxoeTidan grantebis miReba unda aikrZalos, radgan isini `Zirs uTxrian~ saxelmwifos (`tabula~), rasac daemata eqs-pre-mieris, biZina ivaniSvilis mxridanac arasamTavrobo seqtoris

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kritika (`netgazeTi~). niSandoblivia, rom TofaZis gancxadeba xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs ar gaukritikebiaT, arc so-cialur mediaSi moyolia seriozuli ganxilva da arc arasam-Tavroboebis protesti yofila TvalSisacemi. Tumca, proev-ropul mediaSi gaJRerda mosazreba, rom swored im arasam-Tavrobo organizaciebze moxda Tavdasxma, visac realurad SeeZlo evropuli kursis sasargeblod procesebis warmarTva.

`brZola im arasamTavroboebis winaaRmdeg ganxorcielde-ba, romlebsac realurad SeuZliaT evropasa Tu aSS-i arsebul politikur institutebTan erTad politikuri procesebis warmarTva~ (`interpresniusi~).

aRsaniSnavia, rom antidasavlur mediaSi arasamTavroboebi dasaxelebulni arian im aqtorebs Soris, vinc xels uwyobs dasavleTs qarTuli Rirebulebebis gadagvarebasa da sakuTari Rirebulebebis TavsmoxvevaSi.

`Cven Tavs gvaxveven dasavleTidan Semosul fsevdofaseu-lobebs. saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvam maxinji forma miiRo. ,adamianis uflebaTa deklaraciaSi’ Zalian bev-ri ram saerTod ar weria, ris dasacavadac aqauri arasamTav-roboebi Tavs iklaven. Sesabamisad, dasavleTSi arian jgufe-bi, romlebic aramTavroboebis xeliT cdiloben, danergon is ideologia, romelic maT sWirdebaT~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

gasakviri ar aris, rom diskursi evropeizaciis, rogorc qarTuli identobisTvis safrTxis Semcvelis Sesaxeb, antiev-ropul mediaSi gaJRerda, magram sagulisxmoa, rom es diskursi proevropuli `tabulas~ blogzec gamoCnda. marTalia, miC-neulia, rom blogosfero Tavisufali sivrcea, magram zeda-piruli dakvirvebiTac ki SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom blogere-bi, TviTcenzuris gamo, swored im mediaplatformis ideebis gamtarebelni arian, romelzec maTi blogia ganTavsebuli. swored amitom Cans ucnaurad `tabulaze~ iseTi diskursis ga-JRereba, romelic, ruseTis msgavsad, evrokavSirsac negatiur konteqstSi warmoaCens da gvTavazobs narativs, rom qveyanam damoukidebeli politika unda awarmoos.

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`ucxo Zalisa da ideologiisadmi damorCileba, rogorc na-klebi borotebisadmi ufro didi borotebis SiSiT da Tanac amis ualternativo gadawyvetilebad miCneva, danaSaulia sa-kuTari Tavisa da eris winaSe... dRevandel realobaSi, rode-sac ruseTia aSkara mteri da safrTxis wyaro, igive teqsti ar dakargavda aqtualobas, Tu musulmanur samyaros ruseTiT, xolo ruseTs ,dasavluri samyaroTi’ CavanacvlebdiT. dRes ukve sxva miTi da iluzia gvakarginebs identobas da es miTia Cveni ,naTesauri’ kavSiri da kuTvnileba dasvlur kulturas-Tan... sjobs, isev Cvens kulturaSi da istoriaSi veZeboT huma-nurobis, Semwynareblobis, tolerantulobis da liberaliz-mis magaliTebi... alternativa aris damoukidebeli politika~ (`tabula~).

swored aq ikveTeba diskursi `me qarTveli var da ara ev-ropeli~, romelic antidasavlur mediaSi, kerZod, gamocemaSi `saqarTvelo da msoflio~ gvxvdeba. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom `qarTveloba~ evropisgan Sors yofnas Tu niSnavs, imavdrou-lad, ar gamoricxavs erTmorwmune ruseTTan mWidro kavSirs. garda erTmorwmuneobisa, ruseTisken mibruneba da evropaze uaris Tqma imiTac unda iyos ganpirobebuli, rom `evropa ing-reva da misi qveynebi nangrevebSi moxvedrisgan Tavis aridebas cdiloben~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~). am nangrevebSi moxve-dris sanacvlod ki, gamosavalia evraziuli kavSiri, romelic ar niSnavs `rusuli politikis gatarebas~, aramed `piriqiT, es aris qarTuli saxelmwifos interesebis dacva TurqeTis, CrdilokavkasielTa eqspansiisa da radikali islamistebisgan; es aris marTlmadidebeli qveynis zneobis da moralis CarCoe-bSi moqceuli saxelmwifoebrivi politika; es aris qarTuli soflis gadarCena ruseTis bazris meSveobiT da samomavlod teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis safuZveli~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

amgvarad, prorusuli propaganda qarTul mediasivrceSi kvlav Zlieria, rac gansakuTrebiT natosTan dakavSirebul ritorikaSi gamovlinda. ucnauria, rom amis fonze, prodasav-luri xedvis mqone `kviris palitra~, `tabula~ da `liberali~ TiTqmis ar dainteresebulan aRniSnuli gancxadebebiT (maTze mxolod radio Tavisuflebam~ da interpresniusma~ moaxdines

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reagireba). am periodSi, arc xelisuflebis mxridan gakeTe-bula mkveTri gancxadebebi saqarTvelos dasavlur kursze da natoSi gawevrianebisken miswrafebaze. Tumca, 26 marts gaimar-Ta saqarTvelos premierministr irakli RaribaSvilis vrceli preskonferencia mediis warmomadgenelTaTvis, sadac is gogi TofaZis gancxadebas gaemijna da aRniSna, rom `amaSi tragi-kuli araferia~, es TofaZis piradi Sexedulebaa da koaliciis azrs ar gamoxatavs.

`me ar viziareb am gancxadebas. es misi piradi azria da is koaliciis azrs ar warmoadgens. zogadad, mis komentarze zed-meti aJitireba xdeba da ar girCevdiT, rom amaze dro daxar-joT. eWvi aravis epareba, rom Cveni sagareo politika naTelia. Cven am sakiTxze sruli konsensusi gvaqvs. vimeoreb, Tofa-Zis gancxadeba CemTvis miuRebelia, magram amaSi tragikuli araferia. es aris batoni gogis piradi Sexeduleba da es Cveni koaliciis azrs ar warmoadgens.~

garda amisa, irakli RaribaSvilma isic ganacxada, rom misT-vis mniSvnelovania ara Sida politikuri aqtorebis, gansa-kuTrebiT, `erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~ gancxadebebi Tu mosazrebebi, aramed gavleniani dasavleli politikuri moTa-maSeebis Sefasebebi. es kidev erTxel adasturebs, Tu raoden mniSvnelovania qarTveli politikuri aqtorebisTvis, gansa-kuTrebiT mmarTveli gundisTvis, sakuTari prodasavlurobisa da proevropulobis deklarireba saerTaSoriso scenaze.

`me ar mainteresebs, ras fiqrobs mixeil saakaSvili, ako minaSvili an wiklauri Cven politikasTan dakavSirebiT. me mainteresebs is, rom amerikis prezidents moswondes Cveni midgoma. mainteresebs is, rom germaniis kanclers moswondes Cveni midgoma. mainteresebs, rom safrangeTis prezidents mo-swondes Cveni midgoma. mainteresebs, rom saxelmwifo depar-tamenti gviWerdes mxars. es aris CemTvis saintereso, rogorc mTavrobis meTaurisTvis, rom Cveni xalxi iyos damSvidebuli, rom Tavidan aviciloT nebismieri konfliqti, konfliqtis xe-laxali eskalacia~ (irakli RaribaSvili).

aqve premierministri ar uaryofs, rom ruseTTan daTmo-

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bis politika sworia, radgan xelisuflebis frTxilma da `gonivrulma qmedebebma xeli Seuwyo usafrTxoebis gaZlierebas ara mxolod Cven qveyanaSi, aramed mTel regionSi.~ Tumca, gaemi-jna ra TofaZis gancxadebas, man eleqtoratis umravlesobisT-vis socialurad sasurveli TviTprezentacia moaxdina `ukana regionSi.~ imavdroulad, misi gzavnili `wina regionisTvisac~ iyo gankuTvnili, gansakuTrebiT rigis samitis win. amas is gare-moebac daemata, rom swored 26 marts, germaniam saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrulebis ratificireba moax-dina. amdenad, racionaluri iyo, saqarTveloSi erT-erT mTavar politikur aqtors adekvaturad epasuxa rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise adgilobrivi auditoriis molodinebze. miT umetes, rom es yvelaferi IRI-s mier sazogadoebrivi azris kvlevis Sedegebis gamoqveynebas daemTxva, romlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos natoSi gawevrianebas mosaxleobis 78% uWerda mxars da 15% _ ewinaaRm-degeboda; evrokavSirSi gawevrianebas ki mosaxleobis 85% uWerda mxars da 9% _ ewinaaRmdegeboda (IRI, 31 marti, 2015).

mediaanalizis mesame talRa _ maisi-ivnisi, 2015

mediaanalizis mesame talRisTvis sagangebod SeirCa maisis Tve, vinaidan is evropeizaciis TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovan or movlenas ukavSirdeboda, kerZod, 17 maisis homofobiis winaaR-mdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRes da 21-22 maisis aRmosavleT partniorobis samits rigaSi. Sesabamisad, mediis mier Temis ganxilvis molodinic arsebobda. gansxvavebiT 2013 wlis 17 maisisgan, amjerad homofobiis winaaRmdeg aqciam mSvidobianad Caiara da es dRe mediis mier aqtiuri ganxilvis sagani arc aqciamde gamxdara da arc mis Semdeg, Tu ar CavTvliT anti-dasavlur `asaval-dasavalsa~ da `saqarTvelo da msoflios~, romlebic dasavleTis, rogorc `garyvnilebis~ gamavrceleb-lis, Sesaxeb miTs aqtiurad kvebaven. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom media bulvaruli presis principebiT xelmZRvanelobda, kerZod, arc ucdia, kritikulad Seefase-bina es dRe da gaeanalizebina, Tu ra faqtorebma ganapiroba 17 maisis aqciis uxmaurod Cavla; romelma politikurma Tu

_ 33 _

arapolitikurma aqtorebma iTamaSes roli procesis mSvidobi-anad warmarTvaSi; da iyo Tu ara movlenebis amgvari ganviTa-reba dakavSirebuli rigis Zalian mniSvnelovan samitTan.

rac Seexeba àsaval-dasavalsa~ da `saqarTvelo da msofli-os~, homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis dRe am agentebis mier war-modgenilia, rogorc `geiebis dacvisa~ da religiis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli dRe, romelic sul ufro metad gvaSorebs eklesias.

`rac ufro davuaxlovdebiT evropul da amerikul ,faseu-lobebs’, miT metad davSordebiT qristes da eklesias~ (`saqa-rTvelo da msoflio~).

gamokveTili diskursis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos uwevs arCev-anis gakeTeba evroatlantikur struqturebsa da qristianobas Soris, romelic Znelbedobis Jams aZlebinebda saqarTvelos.~ am iZulebiTi arCevanis winaSe ki qveyanas dasavleTi ayenebs, romelic, evrokavSiris SemTxvevaSi, verafers sTavazobs Tavis wevrebs.

`dRes saqarTveloSi marTlmadidebeli mrevlis, anu mo-saxleobis umravlesobis nebas lgbt Temis variebis kriaxze meti fasi ar aqvs. es faqtia da amas ukve yvela xedavs, amis ukan ki Cveni ,strategiuli partniori’ amerika da Cveni saTayvane-beli dasavleTi dgas. rogorc Cans, evrointegracia sxvanai-rad ar gamodis da ,bnelma Rruzinebma’ erTi adgili unda da-vayenoT. ,istoriuli arCevani’ msxverpls moiTxovs _ vardi ueklod vis moukrefia...~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

dasavleTi, mediis am agentebis mier SemoTavazebuli dis-kursis Tanaxmad, mxolod Soridanaa momxibvleli, radgan is ar gangvixilavs, rogorc Tanaswors da, garda imisa, rom `garyvnilebis~ importioria qveyanaSi, ekonomikuri Tvalsaz-risiTac saxarbielos verafers gvTavazobs. ufro metic, saqa-rTvelo da msoflio~ evrointegracias ekonomikuri koloni-zaciis sinonimadac ki moiazrebs.

èvropa ar gviyurebs Tavis Tanasworad, maTTvis erTi ara-civiluri samyaros nawili varT, romlis mimarTac evropa mx-olod ,SeSfoTebas’ gamoxatavs gadamwyvet momentebSi~ (àsa-val-dasavali~).

_ 34 _

èvrointegracia _ es aris qveynebis ekonomikuri damor-Cilebis, SeiZleba iTqvas, ekonomikuri kolonizaciis saxeoba~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom, miuxedavad imisa, rom `kviris pa-litras~ 17 maisis Tema ar gauSuqebia da am sakiTxze refleqsia ar mouxdenia, man mTeli gverdi dauTmo 17 maiss saerTaSoriso organizacia World Congress of Families-is mier gamarTuli regio-nuli konferenciis monawileTa werils, romelic gazeTSi ucv-leladaa gamoqveynebuli. aq saintereso diskursia gatarebuli, romelic am gazeTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli SedarebiT rbili da dabalansebuli poziciisgan gansxvavebulia da misi Sinaarsi gac-ilebiT axloa àsaval-dasavalisa~ Tu `saqarTvelo da msofli-os~ ritorikasTan. kerZod, werilSi warmodgenili diskursis Tanaxmad, antidiskriminaciuli kanoni, azartuli TamaSebis reklamireba, marixuanis dekriminalizaciis moTxovniT moZrao-bis wamowyeba, romelic `dasavlur cxovrebis wess~ ukavSird-eba, safrTxes uqmnis ojaxis instituts saqarTveloSi. werilSi naTqvamia, rom uZvelesi kulturis mqone saqarTvelo, romel-mac msoflios `SesZina Rvino da xorbali, amirani _ promeTe da medeas medicina~, sadac mravali saukunea erTmaneTis gverdiTaa sinagoga, eklesia da meCeTi, axla `dasavluri liberalizmis, globalizmisa da radikalizmis mier tradiciul, adamianur faseulobebsa da Rirebulebebze organizebuli uprecedento Setevis epoqaSi~ cxovrobs da man sakuTari unikaluri kul-tura da tradiciebi unda daicvas. antidiskriminaciuli kanoni ki warmodgenilia, rogorc pirveli nabiji tradiciuli faseu-lobebisa da ojaxis ganadgurebisken.”

ùaRresad SevwuxdiT, rodesac e.w. antidiskriminaciuli kanonis qarTul versias gavecaniT... es kanoni, Tavisi agresi-ulobiT, Tavis evropul analogiebsac aWarbebs, radgan saqa-rTveloSi sayovelTao xasiaTs atarebs maSin, rodesac evro-paSi is mxolod dasaqmebis sferos exeba~ (kongresis monawile-Ta werili, kviris palitra).

SesaZloa am saxis diskursis `kviris palitraSi~ gaJRereba komerciuli mizezebiTac aixsnas, Tumca, imis Tqmac SeiZleba, rom, rogorc Cans, msgavsi ritorika gazeTisTvis principulad

_ 35 _

miuRebeli ar aris. amitom, saintereso iqneba imaze dakvirveba, Tu ra tipis diskursebs SemogvTavazebs is msgavs sakiTxebze momavalSi.

rac Seexeba rigis samits, mediaagentebis nawilma es Tema ara `cxeli axali ambebis~, aramed `Tematuri axali ambebis~ saxiT warmoadgina. ìnterpresniusma~, `tabulam~ da `liberal-ma~ axali ambebis formatSi gaaSuqes rigis samiti (samitamdec da Semdegac), rac mosalodneli iyo sainformacio saagentos (ìnterpresniusi~) SemTxvevaSi, Tumca _ moulodneli `tabu-las~ da `liberalis~ SemTxvevaSi. albaT, warsuli gamocdile-bidan gamomdinare, mkiTxvels SeiZleba hqondes molodini, rom am portalebze, mSrali~ axali ambebis nacvlad, Tundac poli-tikuri Seferilobis, magram analitikur masalas ixilavs. Tum-ca, Tu mediaanalizis talRebs gadavxedavT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom `tabulac~ da `liberalic~ sul ufro nakleb sTavazoben mkiTxvels refleqsiebs da sainformacio saagentos formatSi muSaobis princips misdeven.

rac Seexeba `radio Tavisuflebas~, mis SemTxvevaSi cal-saxad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom man swored Tematuri presis~ prin-cipiT imuSava da mis gverdze dainteresebul mkiTxvels Zalian detaluri, sxvadasxva poziciiT gamyarebuli da Tanmimdevru-li informaciis miReba SeeZlo rigis samitis Sesaxeb. es Tema presamac (`kviris palitra~, asaval-dasavali~, saqarTvelo da msoflio~) ganixila.

mediaanalizis mesame talRa SegviZlia, pirobiTad davyoT rigis samitamde da rigis samitis Semdgom diskursebad. aR-mosavleT partniorobis samitamde gamokveTili erT-erTi mTa-vari diskursis Tanaxmad, rigis samiti gadamwyveti mniSvnelo-bis ar iqneba da is saqarTvelosTvis uvizo reJimis amoqmede-bas ar moitans.

ès iqneba zomieri samiti... ar velodebiT, rom vizaliber-alizacias miviRebT, magram miviRebT gzas naTels, romlis gav-lis Semdegac saqarTvelo liberalizacias miiRebs~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

`rigis samitze vizaliberalizasTan dakavSirebiT konkre-tuli Sedegi ar gveqneba~ (`kviris palitra~).

_ 36 _

marTalia, xazgasmulia, rom vizaliberalizacia aris yvelaze mcire, rac evrokavSirma unda gaakeTos saqarTvelos-nair qveynebTan mimarTebaSi, magram aqve xdeba imis gaanali-zeba, Tu ratom ver moxerxda am mimarTulebiT konkretuli Sedegis miRweva. am konteqstSi gaJRerebuli mTavari diskursis Tanaxmad, sakiTxis gadawyvetis gasaRebi ara TbilisSi, aramed moskovsa da briuselSia, radgan problemaa ruseTis agresia da briuseli cdilobs ukrainis da saqarTvelos misgan dacvas.

`briusels ar surs damatebiT sababi misces moskovs agresi-is gansaxorcieleblad rogorc ukrainis, aseve saqarTvelos misamarTiT, amitomac Wianurdeba es procesi~ (`kviris pali-tra~).

`bloks ar surs am qveynebs damatebiTi problemebi Seuqmnas ruseTTan~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

aqve aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi diskursi, romlis Tanaxmad, partniorobis programa sulac ar niSnavs, rom saqarTvelo ev-rokavSirSi gawverianebas SeZlebs, magram es aris mniSvnelovani gza warmatebuli reformebis gansaxorcieleblad da qveynis progresisTvis. am diskursis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelom, Turqe-Tis msgavsad, SesaZloa ver miiRos wevroba, Tumca es procesi mainc mniSvnelovania.

`partniorobis programa arasodes warmoadgenda evrokav-SirSi gawevrianebis garantias, Tundac momavalSi _ magram kievs, Tbilissa da kiSiniovs aqvT ufleba, hqondeT ocneba, maT Soris evropuli ocneba~ (donald ruski, `radio Tavisufleba~).

`saubari imaze, rom rigis samitze gawevrianebis perspeq-tivis mxriv Cven rames dagvpirdebian, zedmetad optimisturi iqneba~ (`interpresniusi~).

`miuxedavad imisa, rom TurqeTis evrokavSirSi gawevriane-bac saTuoa, es procesi calsaxad pozitiuria, radganac qvey-ana progress ganicdis. saqarTvelos stagnacia ki ruseTis in-teresebSia~ (`kviris palitra~).

rigis samitamde, qarTulma arasamTavrobo seqtorma evro-kavSiris warmomadgenlebs asocirebis SeTanxmebiT gaTval-

_ 37 _

iswinebuli procesebis mimdinareobis Sesaxeb acnoba. aRiniSna, rom, marTalia, jer kidev bevri samuSaoa darCenili, magram qarTulma mxarem araerT sferoSi miaRwia Sedegebs. maT mou-wodes briusels sapasuxo nabijisken, romlis erT-erT mTavar formad, garda savaWro urTierTobebis gamartivebisa da ba-zarze qarTuli kompaniebis daSvebisa, swored vizaliberal-izacia iyo dasaxelebuli.

`Cven gvinda evrokavSirs movuwodoT, rom im saSinao dava-lebis Sesrulebis Sedegad, romelic saqarTvelom, yovel Sem-TxvevaSi, Zalian scada, raime sapasuxo gaakeTos, raime SeRava-Ti misces qarTvel xalxs – iqneba es savizo liberalizacia Tu sxva sakiTxebi~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

swored vizaliberalizacia iyo ganxiluli aRmosavleT partniorobis mTavar miznad da miuxedavad imisa, rom sami-tamde arsebuli diskursis Tanaxmad, rigaSi gansakuTrebuli araferi moxdeboda, samitis Semdgom diskursebSi gamoikveTa briuselisgan am mimarTulebiT konkretuli nabijis gadadgmis gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba, rac xels Seuwyobda evroskep-tikosTa ricxvis Semcirebas qveyanaSi.

`rigis samitma saqarTvelo da ukraina kvlav mkafio evro-puli perspeqtivis gareSe datova da bevr ukrainelsa da qarT-vels, romelic evropeli partniorebisagan, sul cota, uvizo mimosvlis uflebis miniWebas mainc eloda, guli imdenad atki-na, rom, zogadad, evropuli perspeqtivis av-kargze daafiqra~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

`kviris palitris~ diskursis Tanaxmad, evraziuli kav-Siris mxardamWerTa 31%-iani reitingi swored dasavleTisgan miRebul imedgacruebaze reaqcias warmoadgens. amas emateba `sabWoTa nostalgia~ da mZime socialuri pirobebis gamo ar-sebuli iluzia, TiTqos ruseTi ukeTes ekonomikur pirobebs SemogvTavazebs.

rac Seexeba antidasavluri mediis diskurss, garda imisa, rom uvizo mimosvlaze uaris Tqma `Seuracxyofadaa~ Sefase-buli `asaval-dasavalis~ mier, rigis samiti imedgacruebadaa warmodgenili rigaSi eqs-prezident mixeil saakaSvilis viz-

_ 38 _

itisa da imis gamoc, rom saqarTvelos samarTaldamcavi struq-turebisTvis misi gadmocema ar moxda.

`gvWirdeba ki saerTod iseTi evropa, romelic saakaSvilis-nair damnaSaveebs eloliaveba, xolo saqarTvelosa da qarT-vel xalxs Rirsebas ulaxavs?!~ (`asaval-dasavali~).

Tumca, msgavsi ritorika prodasavluri mediis sarkazms iwvevs, romelic yuradRebas amaxvilebs konkretuli jgufebis mier mediis gamoyenebaze ruseTis, rogorc ara mxolod saqa-rTvelosTvis sasurveli bazris, aramed `garyvnili dasavle-Tis~ alternativis warmoCenaSi.

`Cven uars ar vityviT natosa da evrokavSirze, ,qarTvelo-bas wagvarTmeven’ da davrCebiT am saunjis gareSe. mkiTxvel-nic, aRgznebulni da cremlmoreulni, SiSiTa da siZulviliT ivsebian evropa-amerikis winaaRmdeg da ar surT arc evropa, arc amerika, aramed _ saqarTvelo (da ruseTi). Tumca, ambo-ben saqarTvelos da gulisxmoben ruseTs. amas xmamaRla ar acxadeben, magram ,gandobilebma’ da maTma guruebma Sesan-iSnavad uwyian, rom Tanamedrove samyaroSi ar arsebobs ori alternativis garda _ an dasavleTi, an ruseTi da rom sxva yovelgvari ritorika e.w. sxva civilizaciebis Sesaxeb iseTive blefia, rogorc sicocxle marsze da iupiterze. ician, magram gulubryviloebs ,aboleben’ da sakmao warmatebiTac. 2012 wlis Semdeg im adamianTa ricxvi, romelTac ar surT dasavleTi, mkveTrad gaizarda da am SedegisTvis uTuod unda daafason da Seafason asaval-dasavalis skolis propagandistebi. maT Sedegi dades uzarmazari~ (`liberali~).

calsaxad ikveTeba diskursi, romlis Tanaxmad, raoden Zlieric ar unda iyos mosaxleobis guldawyveta briuselis gadawyvetilebis gamo, dauSvebelia, man evraziuli kavSiris sa-sargeblod gaakeTos arCevani, radgan `ruseTis sasargeblod gakeTebuli arCevani damoukideblobisa da Tavisuflebis da-kargvas niSnavs.~ am Temaze aqtiuri msjelobaa socialur medi-aSi, gansakuTrebiT `radio TavisuflebaSi.~ marTalia, aRniS-nulia, rom rigis samitma imedgacrueba gamoiwvia qarTvelebsa da ukrainelebSi, da araerT eWvs daudo safuZveli, magram xaz-

_ 39 _

gasmulia, rom mTavaria am yvelafris, rogorc saWiro gakveTi-lis aRqma, romelmac bevri ram unda gvaswavlos. amasTan, ima-sac Tvali unda gavusworoT, rom `evropuli ojaxis srulfa-sovan wevrebad male ar migviReben~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

swored am konteqstSi iyo saintereso saqarTveloSi ofi-cialuri vizitiT myofi estoneTis prezidentis gancxadebac, romlis Tanaxmad, `marTalia, asocirebis Sesaxeb SeTanxmeba evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis bileTi ar aris, magram es dokumen-ti ar gamoricxavs aseT perspeqtivas~ (tomas hendrik ilvesi, `radio Tavisufleba~). garda amisa, man aRniSna, rom evrokav-SirSi gawevrianebis gareSe natoSi Sesvla iluziaa, amitomac qveyanam TvalsaCino winsvla unda aCvenos, raTa gaxdes ro-gorc evrokavSiris, aseve natos wevri.

aqve sainteresoa diskursi, romelic erTgvar guliswyro-mas gamoxatavs evrokavSiris ormagi standartis mimarT: erTi mxriv, evrokavSirs sWirdeba ekonomikurad Zlieri, demokrati-uli saqarTvelo; Tumca, imavdroulad, icis, rom saqarTvelo damoukideblad ver miaRwevs am mizans da Tavadve unda daex-maros mis ganxorcielebaSi; magram winaswar mainc uyenebs ms-gavs moTxovnebs. Sedegad, `kviris palitrac~ ki nawyeni toniT aRniSnavs, rom, Tu qveyana amas damoukideblad SeZlebs, `Sei-Zleba davfiqrdeT kidec, saerTod ra gvinda am evrokavSirSi.~ amave ormagi standartis xazgasmas emsaxureba diskursi, rom evrokavSirSi bevri ruseTs gacilebiT mniSvnelovan aqtorad miiCnevs, vidre saqarTvelosa da ukrainas, da ruseTTan urT-ierTobis normalizebasac ki cdiloben, rac adgilobrivma politikurma aqtorebma ar unda daiviwyon.

`maTi politikis saboloo mizani ruseTTan urTierTo-bis normalizebaa da, marTalia, isini ver da ar daTmoben ev-ropuli usafrTxoebis ZiriTad faseulobebs, aRmosavleTis partniorobis qveynebi evropuli politikisaTvis jerjero-biT mainc meorexarisxovania. did qveynebs Soris garigeba pa-tarebis xarjze naSTia XIX saukunis im evropuli politikisa, romelsac ,realpolitikis’ saxeliT vicnobT. am midgomis Secvla mxolod inteleqtualuri diskusiebisa da evropul faseulobebze apelirebis meSveobiT Zneli iqneba~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

_ 40 _

aRniSnulia, rom ruseTis faqtoris gadawonva rigaSi verc erTma qveyanam ver SeZlo, am situaciidan gamosavali ki `Se-qmnilma mdgomareobam unda gvikarnaxos.~ swored am WrilSia gatarebuli mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmad, ukrainis mTavroba-Si saqarTvelos mTavrobis yofil wevrTa miwveviT, TiTqos, moxda saqarTvelo-ukrainis integracia da saqarTvelos am-ovardna `kliSed qceuli kavkasiis regionuli konteqstidan (saqarTvelo, somxeTi, azerbaijani), da axali, evropasTan geo-politikurad ufro axlos myofi konteqstis nawilad qceva (moldova, ukraina, saqarTvelo)~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

evrointegraciis konteqstSia danaxuli musikaluri konkursi `evroviziac~, romlis musikalur Rirebulebaze arc daoben da is politikur konkursad ufroa aRqmuli. evropis mravalmilioniani auditoriisTvis saqarTvelos gacnobis Ses-aZlebloba, miuxedavad imisa, am konkursSi gamosvla warmate-buli iqneba Tu ara, sakvanZo mniSvnelobis mqonedaa miCneuli im motiviT, rom evropul sivrceSi nebismieri pozicireba qveynisTvis gadamwyvetia.

`,evrovizia’ nagavia, magram saWiro nagavia... imisda miuxeda-vad, rogori mdarea ,evrovizia’, saqarTvelosTvis am konkurs-Si monawileoba Zalian saWiro ramaa. marto imitom, rom 122 milionze meti adamiani uyurebs, ZiriTadad evropaSi. ratom uyureben, ara aqvs mniSneloba. mTavaria, rom uyureben. amitom saWiroa, rom germanel biurgers, rus obivatels, holandiel am sityvebis holandiuri sinonimi racaa imas, avstriels, nor-vegiels, polonels, yvelas, kidev erTxel moeCxiros TvalSi Georgia. miT umetes konkursSi, romlis saTaurSic Euro ure-via. Tu warmatebulad gamovediT, xom Zalian kargi, magram, Tu ar gamovediT, magasac ara uSavs. mTavaria, sastavSi viyoT gareulebi. did Sedegs, cxadia, eg ar gamoiRebs, magram evro-pasTan integraciis saqmeSi CvenTvis xom yvela misxali mniS-vnelovania!~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

kidev erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, Zalian mniSvnelovania saqa-rTvelos xelisuflebis mier sakuTari poziciebis mkafiod dafiqsireba rogorc saerTaSoriso, ise adgilobrivi audito-riis winaSe. swored am konteqstSi iyo gatarebuli mosazre-

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ba, rom xelisuflebam sazogadoebaSi adekvaturi molodinebi unda Seqmnas da ar dauSvas iseTi Secdoma, rac vizaliber-alizaciis molodinebTan dakavSirebiT moxda. am mizniT, xe-lisuflebam mosaxleobis saTanado informireba unda uzrun-velyos, maT Soris evraziuli kavSiris Sesaxeb, rom sazoga-doebam Tavad dainaxos sxvaobebi am or kavSirs Soris. amave diskursis Tanaxmad, iluziebis Seqmnaze ara mxolod qarTulma mxarem, aramed evrokavSirmac uari unda Tqvas.

`ra evropul ambiciebzea laparaki, rodesac qveyanaSi pen-sia 150 laria? droa Tbilismac da briuselmac yalbi, lamazi xedebis nacvlad realur saqarTvelos gausworon Tvali da arsebul problemebs CauRrmavdnen. swored es iqneba pirveli nabiji evroskepticizmis aRmosafxvrelad~ (`kviris pali-tra~).

rigis samitis Semdeg gatarebuli erT-erTi mTavari dis-kursis Tanaxmad, am samitze qveyanam, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, savizo liberalizacias ver miaRwia, magram miiRo garan-tia, rom evrokomisia daexmareba Tbiliss da kievs, am SeTanx-mebiT nakisri meore, gadamwyveti fazis samuSaoebis warmate-biT dasrulebaSi, rac saqarTvelos da ukrainas aZlevs Sanss, `wlis bolos miiRon evrokavSirTan uvizo mimosvlis ufleba.~ aRniSnuli faqti fasdeba, rogorc mniSvnelovani nabiji, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis mier evropul kulturasTan uSualo Sexebis SesaZleblobis gaCenis TvalsazrisiT, meore mxriv ki, Tavad evropaSi saqarTvelos Sesaxeb meti informaci-is gavrcelebis TvalsazrisiT. garda amisa, `kviris palitraSi~ warmodgenili Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, savizo liberalizacia afxazebTan da osebTan urTierTobis daregulirebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria, radgan maTTvisac Cndeba saqa-rTvelos gavliT evropaSi SedarebiT martivi gadaadgilebis perspeqtiva.

`...amitom aqvs uvizo mimosvlas didi mniSvneloba, raTa xalxTa Soris mimosvla da kontaqtebi gaRrmavdes da saqarT-velo ar iyos warmoCenili, rogorc mxolod kriminaluri da aralegaluri migraciis wyaro. mxolod aseT SemTxvevaSi Cveni evropuli pespeqtivis aqtiuri mxardamWerebi iqnebian ara mx-

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olod aRmosavleT evropis evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi, ar-amed dasavleT evropisac, rac am etapisTvis ver iqna miRweu-li~ (ìnterpresniusi~).

amdenad, saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan warmatebuli daaxloe-bis mizniT, xazgasmulia ara mxolod aRmosavleT evropis, ar-amed dasavleT evropis qveynebis mier misi mxardaWeris aucile-bloba; gansakuTrebiT evrokavSiris gafarToebis mimarT arse-buli sakmaod kritikuli damokidebulebis fonze, rasac radio Tavisufleba~ mkiTxvels ucxouri presis mimoxilvis safuZvel-ze sTavazobs. aq aRniSnulia, rom aRmosavleT partnioroba Ta-vidanve uRimRamo~ idead miiCneoda, radgan, miuxedavad evrokav-Siris mier sakuTari gavlenis sferos gafarToebis mcdelobisa, mas Sesabamisi politikis gasatareblad `Zala ar yofnis.”

àRmosavleTis partnioroba ucnauri movlena iyo _ Ta-vidanve uRimRamo. idea is aris, rom nel-nela gaizardos ev-rokavSiris gavlenis sfero, Tumca yovelgvari konkretuli politikuri dRis wesrigis gareSe. manam, sanam evrokavSirs ar SeuZlia am qveynebs konkretuli ekonomikuri partnioroba SesTavazos, rac srul wevrobamde unda mivides, manevrirebis sivrce minimaluri iqneba. magaliTad, ukrainis mTavrobaze sakmarisi zewola ar xorcieldeba saimisod, rom man saWiro reformebi gaataros da bolo periodis movlenebs damajere-blad gaumklavdes. bevri mxare _ gansakuTrebiT ruseTi _ evrokavSirs zedmetad CarevaSi adanaSaulebs. simarTle isaa, rom evrokavSiri Tavad asustebs sakuTar poziciebs, Tavisi SezRuduli gavlenidan gamomdinare. is moiTxovs, rom am qvey-nebma orientacia Seicvalon, magram maTi gaZRolisTvis Zala ar yofnis~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

Tu zemoxsenebul diskursebs SevajamebT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom, miuxedavad samitamde arsebuli poziciebisa, rom samiti konkretul Sedegebs ar moitanda, samitis Semdgom diskurseb-Si mosaxleobis imedgacruebaze, xelisuflebis arasaTanado muSaobaze, evrokavSiris mxridan mxardaWeris naklebobaze ga-keTda aqcenti. proevropul mediaSic ki gaiJRera gafrTxile-bamac, rom èvropam Tu raRaciT ar dagvainteresa, ruseTi aq aris~ (radio Tavisufleba). Tumca, yuradReba unda gamaxvil-

_ 43 _

des mniSvnelovan diskurszec, romelic mediaanalizis pirvel or talRaSic gamoikveTa da romlis Tanaxmad, mTavaria muSao-bis gagrZeleba, Sesabamisi aqtivobebis ganxorcieleba, swori molodinebis Seqmna da `ukve momavali wlis SemodgomisTvis konkretuli Sedegis [vizaliberalizaciis] miRebaa.~ am dis-kursis Tanaxmad, qveyana unda iyos mebrZoli, daarwmunos ev-ropa, rom ar Seqmnis problemebs da gaiazros, rom yvela waru-matebloba axal SesaZleblobas uxsnis sazRvrebs.

`namdvili mebrZolebisTvis yvela dabrkoleba da, Tundac, yvela marcxi axali SesaZleblobaa. mjera, Sen [nina sublati, evroviziis qarTveli monawile] es ici da imedi maqvs, Sengan amas Cveni qveyanac iswavlis~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

`mniSvnelovania davelodoT da avirCioT swori momenti imisaTvis, rom maqsimaluri Sedegi miviRoT. saWiroa evropa davarwmunoT, rom Cven ar viqnebiT problemis importiorebi, aramed saqarTvelo aris is saxelmwifo, romelic gaamdidrebs da gaaZlierebs saerTo evropul ojaxs~ (`interpresniusi~).

mediaanalizis meoTxe talRa _ ivnisi, 2016

mediaanalizis meoTxe da bolo talRa 2016 wlis ivnisSi Catara. es Tve evropeizaciis Temis konteqstSi umniSvnelova-nesi iyo, radgan 9-10 ivnisis evrokavSiris sabWos Sexvedraze saqarTvelos vizaliberalizaciis sakiTxze unda mieRoT gadawyvetileba, Tumca procesi 20 ivnisisTvis gadavadda. am-jerad evrokavSiris sagareo saqmeTa ministrebs unda mieRoT gadawyvetileba saqarTvelos vizaliberalizaciis Taobaze, Tumca sakiTxi kvlav evrokavSiris mudmiv warmomadgenelTa komitetSi (COREPER II) daabrunes. sabolood, am gadawyvetilebis miRebam 2016 wlis Semodgomamde gadaiwia. Sesabamisad, maRali iyo molodini, rom mediac am Temis garSemo ganviTarebul mov-lenebze gaamaxvilebda yuradRebas.

mediis erTi-erTi mTavari diskursi usafrTxoebas exeboda, romlis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiri ruseTisgan Tavdacvis garantia. proevropuli mediis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiri saqarTvelos ga-

_ 44 _

darCenis gzaa, radgan globalizebul msoflioSi, patara saqa-rTvelos Zlieri mokavSire sWirdeba, romlis rolSic swored evrokavSiri gvevlineba. am ukanasknelTan TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba ki, garda usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisa, ekonomi-kuri sargeblis TvalsazrisiTac mniSvnelovania, radgan qveya-naSi investiciebis zrdas Seuwyobs xels.

`saqarTvelosnair patara qveyanas sul ufro da ufro na-klebi Sansi aqvs imisTvis, rom globalizebul msoflioSi damoukideblad gadarCes... Cven evropel megobrebTan TanaS-romlobiT SevZlebT, rom momavalSi gavaumjobesoT msoflio bazarze resursebis ganawilebis wesebi. Sesabamisad, erTader-Ti gzac gadarCenisTvis am institutebSi Cveni monawileobis xarisxis gazrdaa~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

proevropuli mediisgan gansxvavebiT, antievropuli mediis Tanaxmad, ruseTi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis erTaderTi garan-tia da qveyanam es droulad unda gaacnobieros.

ruseTi afxazeTsa da cxinvals ar ierTebs, Cven gvelodeba da amas ver unda mivxvdeT?!~ (`asaval-dasavali~).

ivnisis dasawyisSi, briuselSi miRebulma SeTanxme-bam, romelic savizo liberalizaciis Sesaxeb saboloo gadawyvetilebis gadavadebas gulisxmobda, sazogadoebis sx-vadasxva wreSi vnebaTaRelva gamoiwvia. erTi mxriv, gaaqtiurda saubari imaze, Tu ram gamoiwvia gadawyvetilebis miRebis ga-davadeba da, meore mxriv, imaze, Tu ras reaqcia moyveboda evrokavSiris am gadawyvetilebas saqarTveloSi. am konteqstSi xazgasmuli iyo, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebam Tbilisis mier nakisri yvela valdebuleba Seasrula; Sesabamisad, kidev ufro mkafiod unda ganemartaT mizezebi, ratom eTqva qveyanas uari evropaSi uvizo mimosvlaze. dasaxelda ramdenime mizezi, ramac amgvar gadawyvetilebaze gavlena iqonia. erT-erT mTa-var dabrkolebad evropaSi migraciis problema miiCneva, Tumca es dominantur mosazrebas ar warmoadgens.

`saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobis simciris gamo Warbi migraciuli nakadebis warmoqmnis safrTxe ar arsebobs~ (`liberali~).

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`TiTidan gamowovil~ Temad saxeldeba kriminaluri viTa-rebis gauareseba da amaSi saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis didi wv-lili evropaSi, razec yuradRebas evrokavSirisadmi kritiku-lad ganwyobili media amaxvilebs da acxadebs, rom kriminalis mizeziT vizaliberalizaciaze uaris TqmiT èvropam udidesi Seuracxyofa miayena saqarTvelos~ (àsaval-dasavali~). amaSi saxelisuflebo gundia dadanaSaulebuli, romelmac upirobod Seasrula asocirebis xelSekrulebis yvela direqtiva, rac `monur damokidebulebad~ moixsenieba. sakmaod nawyeni toniT gamoirCeva proevropuli mediac, romelic imeds gamoTqvams, rom evrokavSiri sabolood mainc gonivrul gadawyvetilebas miiRebs.”

`kriminalze apelireba arasworia. es yvelaferi poli-tikuri TamaSia. germanias am mxriv meti muSaoba TurqeTTan sWirdeba da ara saqarTvelosTan. mTeli evropa Rrma krizis-Sia da Sengensac safrTxe emuqreba. vizaliberalizaciis gaWi-anureba saqarTvelos Secdomis Sedegi ar gaxlavT. qveyanas am etapze ar gaumarTla _ es aris da es. samwuxarod, es gaxlavT realoba, Tumca imedi maqvs, evrokavSiri sabolood mainc gonivrul gadawyvetilebas miiRebs~ (`kviris palitra~).

vizaliberalizaciis kidev erT Semaferxebel mizezad is garemoeba saxeldeba, rom uvizo mimosvlis Sesaxeb gadawyvetileba, saqarTvelosTan erTad, TurqeTs da ukraina-sac unda Sexeboda, rac kidev ufro aZlierebda evrokavSiris SiSebs migraciasTan dakavSirebiT. Tumca, am dabrkolebe-bze metad, media yuradRebas amaxvilebs im garemoebaze, rom saqarTvelos xelisuflebam yvela valdebuleba Seasrula da ubralod àm etapze ar gaumarTla.~ aqve saubaria xarvezebze, romlebic am procesSi saqarTvelos xelisuflebam dauSva. sa-gulisxmoa, rom problemebze Tavad saxelisuflebo gundic saubrobs, romelic mediiT gakeTebul gancxadebebSi, sakuTar Tavdajerebulobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas da aRniSnavs, rom `mxolod valdebulebebis warmatebiT Sesruleba sakmarisi ar iyo~ da bevri ram saTanadod gaazrebuli ar hqondaT.

`Turme germaniisa da safrangeTis Sinagan saqmeTa saminis-troebi winaaRmdegni arian da maT analogiuri pozicia hqon-

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daT ori Tvis winac. dekemberSi, rodesac komisiam gaakeTa gancxadeba, germaniis Sinagan saqmeTa ministrma maSinac Tqva, ar var Tanaxmao, magram yvelam ifiqra, magas vin hkiTxavso. gairkva, rom Turme es ase ar aris. ar aris patara ambavi, rom yvela detali, procedura Tavidan bolomde Cven sainforma-cio TvalsazrisiT gaazrebuli ar gvqonda, amitom mivdiodiT kargad da ar velodebodiT Seferxebas~ (interviu saxelisu-flebo gundis warmomadgenelTan, `liberali~).

`mxolod valdebulebebis warmatebiT Sesruleba sakma-risi ar aris _ evrokavSirs myari argumetnebi sWirdeba, rom qveyanaSi demokratia arsebobs, adamianis uflebebi daculia da winasaarCevnod arc samarTlian garemos eqmneba safrTxe~ (interviu saxelisuflebo gundis warmomadgenelTan, `kviris palitra~).

garda qarTvelebis mxridan gadaWarbebuli molodinebis xa-zgasmisa, saxezea Tavad evrokavSirSi problemis Ziebis mcde-lobac, rac saxelisuflebo gundis warmomadgenlebis mxridan mediiT gaJRerebul gancxadebebSi iCens Tavs. isini aRniSnaven, rom yvela valdebuleba Seasrules, rac moulodneli iyo bri-uselisTvis, is dabneulia da ar icis, rogor moaxdinos amaze reagireba.

`dRes iseTi situaciaa Seqmnili, ,SerekilebSi’ rom aris _ aravis egona, rom gafrindebodnen, Tumca isxdnen da mifri-navdnen. me mgoni, Cveni bevri evropeli kolegac ase uyurebs am vizaliberalizaciis process. mivediT bolomde, praqti-kulad erT Rilakze TiTis daWera rCeba da zogierTi axla movida gonze, rom Turme Cven SeiZleba marTla miviRoT viza-liberalizacia~ (interviu saxelisuflebo gundis warmomad-genelTan, `interpresniusi~).

rogorc aRiniSna, briuselSi calsaxad iyo xazgasmuli saqa-rTvelos xelisuflebis mier yvela nakisri valdebulebis Ses-ruleba, Tumca, amis miuxedavad, 2016 wlis zafxulSi, qveya-nam savizo liberalizacia ver miiRo. amasTan dakavSirebiT, eWvqveSaa dayenebuli Tavad evrokavSiris sandooba. aRniSnu-lia, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis gadavadeba problemaa ara

_ 47 _

mxolod saqarTvelosTvis, aramed evropisTvisac, radgan man, rogorc pasuxismgeblobis mqone gaerTianebam, agreTve unda Seasrulos yvela nakisri valdebuleba. rogorc evrokomisar-ma evropis samezoblo politikisa da gafarToebis Sesaxeb mo-laparakebebis sakiTxebSi, iohanes hanma sagareo saqmeTa minis-trebis Sexvedris dawyebamde ganacxada, procesis gaWianureba evrokavSiris avtoritetsac emuqreba. es mosazreba momenta-lurad aitaca qarTulma mediam.

ès pirobebi Sesrulebul iqna da axla Cvenc unda Sevasru-loT Cveni piroba _ Tundac Cvenive sandoobis dasadasture-blad~ (iohanes hani, `radio Tavisufleba~).

`saqarTvelom yvela teqnikuri parametri daakmayofila, axla ki burTi swored maT [evrokavSiris] moedanzea da poli-tikuri gadawyvetilebac maT unda miiRon~ (`radio Tavisu-fleba~).

am konteqstSi, evrokavSiris sandroobas enTuziazmiT ayenebs kiTxvis niSnis qveS antievropuli media. is aqcents akeTebs evrokavSirze, rogorc `tyuilze damyarebul gaer-Tianebaze~, romlis mizania àdamianis daSoreba RmerTTan~ da romelsac mouwevs, saboloo jamSi, `Tavis gadasarCenad ru-seTs miaSuros.~

`dadgeba dro, rodesac evropelebi Tavis gadasarCenad ruseTs miaSureben, radgan evropis mosaxleoba xedavs, rom es aris tyuilze damyarebuli gaerTianeba... evrokavSiris kraxis fonze ruseTi zesaxelmwifo gaxdeba~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

amdenad, TvalsaCinoa erTi sakiTxis garSemo diskursebis gansxvavebulad warmoCena pro- da antidasavlur mediaSi. an-tievropuli mediis diskursebi rom SevajamoT, evropa warmo-Cenilia safrTxed rogorc saqarTvelos usafrTxoebisTvis, aseve qarTuli identobisTvis.

èvroskeptikosebi ki ara, evrorealistebi varT, radgan vacnobierebT, rom Tavs moxveuli evropeloba mxolod da mxolod satyuaraa amerikisa da evropis mier, rom ruseTi

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gaaRizianos CveniT~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

`saqarTvelos moqalaqeTa daaxloebiT 80%-s evropisken gaxedvac ar unda, radgan iqidan konCita gvimzers ucnauri vnebiT~ (àsaval-dasavali~).

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani diskursi im SesaZlo Sedegebs ukavSirdeba, rac vizaliberalizaciis gadawyvetilebis gada-vadebas SeiZleba moyves. am sakiTxs rogorc antievropuli, ise proevropuli media ganixilavs. proevropuli media mosaxleo-bis mosalodnel frustrirebaze saubrobs; Tumca xazs usvams, rom gadawyvetilebis miRebis gadavadeba uars ar niSnavs da mTavari kiTxvaa `rodis?~ da ara ìqneba Tu ara?~

`sazogadoebis jansaRad momlodine nawili savizo liber-alizaciis procesis gaxangrZlivebis SemTxvevaSi Zalian gaw-bildeba... am yvelafris miuxedavad, analitikosebi Segvaxsene-ben, rom procesis ramdenime TviT gaxangrZliveba araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar niSnavs evrokavSiris mier saqarTvelosTvis uaris Tqmas~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

`saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi aris gadawyvetileba miRe-buli, rom saqarTvelo vizaliberalizacias miiRebs. amitom am gadawyvetilebis kiTxvis niSnis qveS dayeneba dRes ar xdeba. aq saubaria procesze da procesis mimdinareobaze. mesiji aris is, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobam ar unda gaitexos guli, rom es ivnisSi ar moxdeba, Tu ivlisSi Tu a.S. Cven vimuSavebT, rom es rac SeiZleba male iqnas, maT Soris Tundac ivlisSi~ (`ta-bula~).

Tumca, antievropul mediaSi vizaliberalizaciis miRebis gadavadeba Sefasebulia, rogorc evropis mier saqarTvelos `dacinva~ da `damcireba.~ ufro metic, àsaval-dasavalis~ nar-ativis Tanaxmad, aRniSnuli mdgomareobiT `saqarTvelo TviT-damcirebis pozaSi dgeba.~ gamoTqmulia imedi, rom amis Semdeg mainc `gamova qveyana leTargiuli Zilidan.~

miuxedavad imisa, rom briuselma vizaliberalizaciis mini-WebasTan dakavSirebiT gadawyvetilebis miReba Semodgomamde gadaavada, proevropuli mediis gancxadebiT, es ar unda gax-

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des saqarTvelos mTavrobisTvis yuradRebis modunebis da muSaobis Senelebis safuZveli. piriqiT, mniSvnelovania, rom xelisuflebam savizo liberalizaciis mimarTulebiT muSaoba gaaZlieros da es sakiTxi `Taroze ar Semodos.~ nihilizmis gaRvivebisgan Tavis daRwevis saSualebad ki cru propagandis-Tvis winaaRmdegobis gaweva da qarTveli xalxisTvis im mesi-jis miwodeba unda iyos, rom, `Tu SeTanxmebebs vasrulebT, Tuki varT erTgulebi im amocanebis, rac gvaqvs dasaxuli, es aucileblad sasikeTod Semobrundeba~ (`radio Tavisufleba~).

marTalia, gadawyvetilebis miRebam Semodgomamde gadaiwia da mas SesaZloa oqtombris saparlamento arCevnebamde arc hqondes adgili, magram proevropul mediaSi aravin gamoTqvams eWvs, rom gadawyvetileba dadebiTi iqneba da wlis bolomde aucileblad iqneba miRebuli. aqve, gadawyvetilebis miRebis politikur aspeqtze maxvildeba yuradReba da gamoTqmulia varaudi, rom germanias ar surs ruseTTan urTierTobis daZ-abva da amis gamo aWianurebs gadawyvetilebis miRebas. miuxe-davad mosazrebisa, rom saqarTvelo politikuri konteqstis gamo iCagreba, xazgasmulia, rom evropuli kursi eWvqveS aras-dros unda dadges.

`Tu saqarTvelo politikuri konteqstis gamo daiCagreba, usamarTloba iqneba... [Tumca] ar SeiZleba dasavleTze viyo nawyeni da veqtoris Secvlaze daviwyoT fiqri~ (`kviris pali-tra~).

garda xelisuflebis aqtiurobisa, mniSvnelovan nabijadaa miCneuli mosaxleobis inicirebuli eleqtronuli peticia, romelic 9 ivniss gamoqveynda da romliTac rigiTi moqalaqee-bi evrokavSiris struqturebs qveynis mimarT individualur, samarTlian midgomas sTxoven vizaliberalizaciasTan dakav-SirebiT. am peticiis avtorebis mierac xazgasmulia, rom, gar-da politikuri aqtorebis, mediisa da arasamTavrobo seqtoris aqtiurobisa, umniSvnelovanesia procesSi Tavad moqalaqeebis CarTuloba, romelTa yoveldRiurobazec vizaliberalizacia unda aisaxos.

`unda daviviwyoT, rom Cven qveyanaSi politikosebi arse-boben; Cven SevcvaloT da Cven vaCvenoT, rom Cven gvWirdeba es

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_ ubralo xalxs~ (interviu peticiis avtorTan, `radio Tavi-sufleba~).

aqve, aRsaniSnavia narativic, romelsac am Tvis ganmavloba-Si Tavad xelisufleba sTavazobda mosaxleobas. kerZod, me-diiT gakeTebul gancxadebebSi, xelisufleba xazs usvamda, rom dasavleTs ar gaucruebia saqarTvelos imedebi (`Cven ar vTv-liT, rom germaniam imedebi gagvicrua~ _ giorgi kvirikaSvili, saqarTvelos premierministri) da rom mniSvnelovania im kon-teqstis gaTvaliswineba, romelSic evropa aRmoCnda (migraci-uli krizisi, breqsiti).

vizaliberalizaciis garda, kidev erTi mniSvnelovani Tema, romelic mediaanalizis meoTxe talRis farglebSi gamovlin-da, exeboda britaneTis referendumis (breqsitis) Sedegebs, ev-rokavSiris momavalze msjelobas da saqarTvelos sakiTxs ukve axali konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, romelic gansxvavebulia mas Semdeg, rac britaneTis mosaxleobis 52%-ma mxari qveynis evrokavSiridan gasvlas dauWira. proevropul mediaSi breqsi-ti ganxilulia, rogorc safrTxe saqarTvelosTvisac, radgan, erTi mxriv, is adgilobriv evroskeptikosebs frTebs asxams, meore mxriv ki, evrokavSirs damatebiT problemebs uqmnis da is saqarTvelosTvis droebiT ver moiclis, rac prorusul Za-lebs gaaqtiurebis SesaZleblobas miscems.

am konteqstSi, mediaSi gamokveTili erT-erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, moklevadian perspeqtivaSi SesaZloa, qveyana yur-adRebis miRma darCes, magram grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi es `SesaZloa, saqarTvelosTvis xelsayreli transformaciiT-ac ki gagrZeldes.~ aRniSnulia, rom es procesi optimisturi prognozebis gakeTebis SesaZleblobas iZleva, radgan Sesa-Zloa briusels ubiZgos, metad daafasos is qveynebi, romlebic arCevans evrokavSirze akeTeben.

`...piriqiT, evrokavSiris Cinovnikebma meti pativi unda scen im qveynebis miswrafebas da survils, romelTac sakuTari bedi evropis momavals daukavSires~ (`tabula~).

Tumca, mosalodnel safrTxeebzecaa saubari, kerZod, breqsitis Semdeg TiTqmis gardauvladaa miCneuli saqarT-veloSi evroskeptikosTa raodenobis zrda. aRniSnulia, rom am

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procesiT ruseTi ixeirebs, radgan evroskeptikosTa ricxvis zrda qveyanaSi prorusuli ganwyobebis zrdasac niSnavs.

èvrokavSiri, rogorc organizacia, iqneba Sokis mdgo-mareobaSi da sxvebisTvis naklebad ecleba. saqarTveloSi, britaneTisgan gansxvavebiT (magram zogi kontinenturi eris msgavsad), evroskeptikosi upirveles yovlisa proruss niS-navs, amitom am ukanasknelebs meti salaparako miecemaT~ (`net-gazeTi~).

aq kvlav Semodis ruseTis, rogorc qveynis usafrTxoebisT-vis mTavari problemis, Tema da proevropul mediaSi gamoTqmu-lia varaudi, rom ruseTi ukrainasa da saqarTveloSi Tavisi poziciebis gamyarebas Seecdeba. Tuki evropa saqarTvelosTvis ver moiclis, amas aucileblad gaakeTebs ruseTi, riTac kidev ufro gamyardeba evroskeptikosebis mosazrebebi. swored ev-ropam unda aCvenos danarCen msoflios, Tan rac SeiZleba male, rom èvrokavSiri britaneTis gasvliT ar mTavrdeba.~

calsaxad antievropuli diskursebis matarebeli àsaval-dasavali~ breqsits xedavs, rogorc evropaSi revoluciis da-sawyiss, romelic jer evrokavSiris, Semdeg ki natosa da aSS-is daSlas gamoiwvevs.~ metic, gazeTis prognoziT, `britaneleb-Si TviTgadarCenis instinqtis~ gaRviZebisa da evrokavSirze uaris Tqmis Semdeg, mas evrokavSiris sxva qveynebic mibaZaven, romlebic Semdeg did evraziul kavSirSi gawevriandebian. am fonze, gamocemisTvis gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria kiTxva, raSi sWirdeba saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi Sesvla, Tuki iseT Zlier qveyanasac ki, rogoric britaneTia, es aRar unda.

`konservatiul britaneTs yelSi amouvida gaxrwnili ev-ropa da maT arCevani sakuTari erovnuli interesebis sasarge-blod gaakeTes~ (àsaval-dasavali~).

`[breqsitiT] britaneTma Tavs uSvela. droa saqarTveloc movides gons da ukuagdos misi evropuli sagareo politikuri kursi~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

am konteqstSi, mniSvnelovania prodasavluri mediis dis-kursi, romelic usafrTxoebisa da identobis diskursebs aerTianebs da romlis Tanaxmad, evropa aris egzistencial-

_ 52 _

uri arCevani da ara Tavsmoxveuli idea. britaneTisgan gansx-vavebiT, romelsac evrokavSirTan mimarTebaSi gansxvavebuli motivacia aqvs, saqarTvelos evrokavSiris wevroba imisTvis sWirdeba, rom ruseTis eqspansias daaRwios Tavi; didi brita-neTis SemTxvevaSi ki, es safrTxe ar dgas. amasTan, miuxedavad imisa, iqneba Tu ara evrokavSiris wevri, britaneTi mainc evro-pul saxelmwifod rCeba, rac saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi, Sesa-Zloa, sakamaTo iyos.

`Cveni da britaneTis damokidebuleba evrokavSiris mimarT ar aris identuri. amitomac, imis Zaxili, rom Cven ra gvinda ev-rokavSirSi, rodesac britanelebi iqedan gamorbiano, rbilad rom vTqvaT, situaciis araadekvaturi aRqmis Sedegia. brita-neTisaTvis referendumi ar warmoadgenda civilizaciuri arCevanis gadasinjvis mcdelobas. igi iyo da rCeba natos wevr evropul qveynad Tavisi evropuli RirebulebebiT~ (`inter-presniusi~).

amis sapirispirod, antievropuli mediis diskursis Tanax-mad, saqarTvelo evropis nawili arasdros yofila da es idea `Tavsmoxveulia.~

`istoriis romel monakveTSi iyo saqarTvelo evropis nawili? [...] Cveni arCevani evropa ar aris, es tyuilia, ro-melic saakaSvilma moaxvia Tavze qarTvelebs~ (`saqarTvelo da msoflio~).

Tu mediaanalizis am talRis farglebSi antidasavluri me-diis mTavari gzavnilia, rom evropa ngrevis zRvarzea, ruseTi male gaxdeba zesaxelmwifo, saqarTvelo droulad unda moegos gons da uari Tqvas `garyvnil~ evropaze, prodasavluri mediis mTavari gzavnilia, rom evropaSi amJamad seriozuli proble-mebia, magram aman qarTvelebs evropuli gzidan gadaxvevisken ki ar unda ubiZgos, aramed, piriqiT, im sivrcesTan integra-cias unda Seuwyos xeli, romelSic, adamianis uflebebis da de-mokratiuli Rirebulebebis dacvasTan erTad, mniSvnelovania ukeTesi momavlisken mudmivi swrafva.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom proevropuli media ar cdilobs ev-rokavSiris idealizebas. SemoTavazebuli narativis Tanaxmad,

_ 53 _

evrokavSiri sulac ar warmoadgens ìdealur~ gaerTianebas, magram is evropaSi arsebuli yvelaze efeqturi gaerTianebaa da amitom saqarTvelos mizani swored masTan integracia unda iyos. proevropuli mediis mier evrokavSiri warmodgenilia, rogorc usafrTxoebis garanti da identobis damcveli, rom-lisken swrafvac progresisken swrafvas niSnavs. marTalia, evrokavSiri ìdealur~ struqturad ar miiCneva, magram xaz-gasmulia, rom `masze efeqturi da adamianis keTildReobaze orientirebuli bloki evropaSi jer ar Seqmnila~ (`kviris pa-litra~).

daskvna

Tu mediaanalizis oTxive talRis Sedegebs SevajemebT, Cven mier gaanalizebuli mediaagentebidan prodasavlurad/pro-evropulad SegviZlia miviCnioT `radio Tavisufleba~, ìn-terpresniusi~, `kviris palitra~, `netgazeTi~, `liberali~ da `tabula.~ marTalia, konkretul mediaagentebTan mimarTebaSi prodasavluri/proevropuli diskursis met-naklebad aqtiur deklarirebaze SeiZleba visaubroT, magram zogadi ganwyobe-bi, romlebic evropeizaciis ideisa da evrointegraciis pro-eqtis mxardaWeras gamoxatavs, calsaxad ikveTeba TiToeulis diskursSi. gazeTebi àsaval-dasavali~ da `saqarTvelo da msoflio~ calsaxad antidasavluri/antievropuli mediaagente-bia. swored isini sTavazoben sazogadoebas Semdeg diskursebs:

- saqarTvelos arCevanis gakeTeba uwevs evropul struq-turebSi gawevrianebasa da qristianobas Soris;

- evrokavSiri, dasavluri Rirebulebebis gavrcelebiT, safrTxes uqmnis qarTul identobas;

- evrokavSiri verafers sTavazobs araTu potenciur, ar-amed ukve arsebul wevrebsac, romlebic misgan gaTavi-suflebas eltvian;

- evrokavSiri da, zogadad, dasavleTi ar aris mzad, kri-tikul viTarebaSi saqarTvelos daexmaros.

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rac Seexeba prodasavlur/proevropul mediaagentebs, me-diaanalizis oTxi talRis safuZvelze SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maTSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Semdegi diskursebi:

- rusuli safrTxe realuria da misi daZlevis garantad dasavleTi, gansakuTrebiT evropa gvevlineba;

- miuxedavad imisa, rom problemebis gasaRebi mxolod TbilisSi araa da ruseTis interesebis ignorireba bri-uselis mier ar an ver xerxdeba, qarTuli mxare maqsi-malurad unda iyos orientirebuli evrointegraciis mimarTulebiT muSaobis gagrZelebaze, socialuri da politikuri institutebis gaZlierebaze, da evrokav-Siris moTxovnebTan Sesabamisobis miRwevaze. amasTan, xelisuflebam ufro aqtiurad unda gaaJReros saqarT-velos interesebi saerTaSoriso asparezze;

- saqarTvelos xelisuflebam Tavi unda aaridos sazoga-doebaSi usafuZvlo molodinebis gavrcelebas, rogorc es rigis samitamde, vizaliberalizaciis sakiTxTan da-kavSirebiT moxda. araadekvaturi molodinebi evroskep-tikosTa raodenobis zrdasa da prorusuli ganwyobebis gaZlierebas iwvevs;

- miuxedavad imisa, rom, erTi mxriv, evrokavSiri ideal-uri gaerTianeba ar aris, meore mxriv ki, masTan integra-ciis procesSi araerTi dabrkoleba arsebobs, is saqa-rTvelosTvis saukeTeso arCevania da qveyanam am kurss ganuxrelad unda misdios.

amgvarad, mediaanalizis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom orive, proevropuli da antievropuli media ori ZiriTadi diskur-siT xelmZRvanelobs _ usafrTxoebis da identobis. proev-ropuli media evrointegracias ganixilavs, rogorc ruseTis hegemonuri miswrafebebisgan dacvisa da qarTvelebis `evro-puli identobis~ miRwevis gzas. antievropuli media ki imave diskursebs saqarTvelos evropuli arCevanis kritikisTvis iyenebs, acxadebs ra, rom evrokavSiri ar aris mzad, kriti-kul viTarebaSi saqarTvelos daexmaros, amitom, pragmatuli mosazrebidan gamomdinare, qveyanam ruseTTan urTierToba

_ 55 _

unda moagvaros. amasTan, evropeizaciis procesi qarTuli identobisTvis safrTxed aRiqmeba (gansakuTrebiT religiuri TvalsazrisiT) da naTqvamia, rom saqarTvelos uwevs arCev-anis gakeTeba evropul struqturebSi gawevrianebasa da mar-Tlmadideblobas Soris. Sesabamisad, sazogadoebaSi farTod gavrcelebuli gamonaTqvamis `me var qarTveli da, maSasadame, var evropeli~ sanacvlod, antievropuli media alternatiul narativs gvTavazobs `me var qarTveli da ara evropeli.~

mediaanalizis periodSi, saqarTvelos evrointegraciis kon-teqstSi umniSvnelovanes Temas vizaliberalizaciis sakiTxi warmoadgenda. rigis samitis saqarTvelosTvis warumateblad dasrulebam da vizaliberalizaciis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis droSi gadavadebam ubiZga mediis diskursebs, romlebSic xa-zgasmuli iyo rogorc saqarTvelos xelisuflebis, ise evro-kavSiris mxridan Zalisxmevis nakleboba. proevropuli media wuxils gamoTqvamda rogorc `evropuli proeqtisadmi~ saqa-rTvelos xelisuflebis arasakmarisi erTgulebis, ise evro-kavSiris mxridan saqarTvelos mxardaWeris naklebobis gamo; antievropul medias ki saqarTvelos xelisuflebis `erovnuli proeqtisadmi~ arasakmarisi erTguleba aRelvebda, xolo ev-rokavSiris mxridan saqarTvelos mxardaWeris naklebobas axa-li SesaZleblobis Seqmnad ganixilavda.

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politikosebTan da eqspertebTan Catarebuli siRrmiseuli interviuebis analizi

evrokavSiri da evropeizacia: ZiriTadi asociaciebi

saqarTvelos evropeizaciis Sesaxeb politikuri dis-kursebis sakvlev arsebiT komponents politikosebTan da politikis eqspertebTan Catarebuli siRrmiseuli interviue-bi warmoadgenda. kvlevis farglebSi Catarda 25 siRrmiseuli interviu politikosebTan (saparlamento umravlesobisa da umciresobis wevrebi) da sazogadoebrivi azris liderebTan/eqspertebTan (arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenle-bi, damoukidebeli eqspertebi, mecnierebi), romelTa SerCevac miznobrivi meTodiT ganxorcielda, raTa mogvecva rogorc politikuri partiebis farTo speqtri, ise sxvadasxva seqtor-Si moRvawe eqspertebi, saerTaSoriso organizaciebiT dawyebu-li da umaRlesi saswavleblebiT dasrulebuli. radgan siRrm-iseuli interviuebi 2015 wlis gazafxulze Catarda, naSromSi `arsebuli xelisufleba~ da `saparlamento umravlesoba~ ko-alicia `qarTul ocnebas~ gulisxmobs, `wina xelisufleba~ da `saparlamento umciresoba~ ki _ `erTian nacionalur moZrao-bas.~ `saparlmento umciresoba~ aseve moiazrebs `Tavisufal demokratebs~, romlebmac 2014 wlis noemberSi mmarTveli ko-alicia datoves. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom gansxvavebuli poli-tikuri Sexedulebebis mocvis mizniT, SevecadeT, siRrmiseuli interviuebi parlamentis im wevrebTanac Cagvetarebina, rom-lebic Riad avlenen antidasavlur/antievropul sentimentebs, Tumca maTgan kvlevaSi monawileobaze Tanxmoba ver movipoveT.

kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom saqarTvelos evrokavSir-Tan daaxloeba ganixileba, rogorc gza `kompleqsuri keTil-dReobisken.~ pirvel rigSi, unda aRiniSnos kvlevis monawile-Ta calsaxad pozitiuri damokidebuleba evrokavSirisa da saqa-rTvelos evrointegraciis procesis mimarT, rac TiToeuli eqspertis Tu saxelmwifo aparatSi dasaqmebuli respondentis moRvaweobis sferodan gamomdinare, iseT sikeTeebTan ziarebis SesaZleblobad aRiqmeba, rogoricaa politikuri da individu-aluri Tavisufleba, xarisxian ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomoba,

_ 57 _

ekonomikuri ganviTareba da keTildReoba, socialuri dacu-loba, samarTlianoba da sxva. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom kvlevis monawileTaTvis zemoxsenebuli sikeTeebi eqskluzi-urad evropul RirebulebebTan asocirdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, fundamentur demokratiul Rirebulebebad miiCneva, saqarT-velo ki _ am demokratiul sivrceSi gawevrianebis Zlieri sur-vilis mqone saxelmwifod.

am TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania, saqarTvelos SemTxveva msgavsi gamocdilebis mqone, centraluri da aRmosavleT ev-ropis postkomunisturi qveynebis konteqstSi ganvixiloT, romlebmac warmatebiT moaxdines evrokavSirTan integrireba. kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom uaxlesi warsulis komunisturi gamoc-dilebidan gamomdinare, es qveynebi evrokavSiris gavlenebis mimarT maRali mimReblobiT gamoirCevian. maTTvis saerTo poziciaa komunistur praqtikebze uaris Tqma da axali, kapi-talisturi sabazro ekonomikis danergvisken miswrafeba. aseT-ma garemoebam centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebi, winamorbed qveynebTan SedarebiT, ufro metad gaxada axali, evropuli paradigmebis amTvisebeli (Grabbe, 2003). am paradig-mebis mimarT xibls gansakuTrebiT zrdis is garemoeba, rom `samoqalaqo Zalauflebis~ (Duchêne 1970) konteqstSi, evroka-vSiri aris axali moTamaSe saerTaSoriso politikur arenaze, romelic, nacvlad iZulebisa da militaristuli Zalauflebi-sa~, mmarTvelobis civilur formebs aniWebs upiratesobas. am-denad, evrokavSiri qmnis mmarTvelobis iseT models, sadac kanonis morCileba marTvis safuZvelia da, imavdroulad, am modelis mixedviT gardaqmnis da metad demokratiuls xdis saerTaSoriso politikur sistemas. amasTan, mniSvnelovania `normatuli Zalauflebis~ (Manners, 2002) diskursic, romelic `normas~ gansazRvravs evrokavSiris iseTi fundamenturi prin-cipebis mixedviT, rogoricaa mSvidoba, Tavisufleba, demokra-tia, adamianis uflebebi da kanonis uzenaesoba (Schimmelfennig, 2010, 11). saqarTvelo postsabWoTa qveynebis jgufs miekuTvne-ba da, msgavsad centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebisa, misTvisac momxibvlelia `samoqalaqo Zalauflebis~ evropuli diskursi, romelic `militaristuli Zalauflebis~ koncef-cias cxadad upirispirdeba.

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`qveyanaSi demokratizaciis gaRrmaveba pirdapir kavSirSia qveynis evropeizaciis mimarTulebis gaRrmavebasTan. piradad CemTvis, rogorc moqalaqisTvis, [evropeizacia] asocirdeba demokratiuli procesebis xelSewyobasTan qveyanaSi da im Ta-visuflebasTan, romelic cnobilia, rogorc evropuli Rireb-ulebebi~ (o.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

`mTlianobaSi, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom evropeizebuli qveyana aris iseTi qveyana, romelsac SeuZlia evrokavSirTan Tavisu-flad ganaxorcielos is Tavisuflebebi, romlebic iTvleba, ase vTqvaT, fundamentur Tavisuflebebad evropaSi~ (l.d., eqsperti, saxelmwifo struqtura).

arsebobs mosazreba, rom evrointegraciisa da evropeiza-ciis konteqstSi, sakvanZo cnebaa `civilizaciis standarti~ (Stivachtis, 2006, 3), romlis safuZvelzec SesaZlebelia Sevad-aroT evropuli sazogadoebis istoriuli gafarToebisa da evrokavSiris Tanamedrove gafarToebis procesebi. am argu-mentis Tanaxmad, XIX saukunis bolos da XX saukunis dasawy-isSi, evropulma saxelmwifoebma gansazRvres `civilizaciis standarti~, rac eqstra-evropuli saxelmwofoebis evropul sivrceSi daSvebis winapirobebs gulisxmobs. msgavsad amisa, ev-rokavSirma, Tanamedrove periodSi, gansazRvra rigi pirobebi wevrobis dasakmayofileblad, sadac `civilizaciis standart-Tan~ asocirebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri kriteriumebi kvlav wamyvania (Kliewer, Stivachtis, 2007).

Cveni kvlevis monawileTa narativebSic evrokavSiri war-modgenilia, rogorc demokratiuli sivrce ganviTarebuli ekonomikiT, romelic kulturis da civilizaciis sanimuSo ba-lansis gamoxatulebaa.

`kulturaSenarCunebuli da civilizaciasTan Serwymuli saxelmwifos asociacia Cndeba, rodesac vlaparakobT evro-peizaciaze da evrointegraciaze~ (i.l., politikosi, saparla-mento umravlesoba).

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saqarTvelo asocirebis xelSekrulebis gaformebidan dRemde

evrointegraciis mimarTulebiT ganvlili gzis Sefasebisas, respondentebSi dominanturia Sexeduleba, rom dRes saqarT-velo `daZruli yinulis~ stadiaze imyofeba. aRniSnuli dis-kursis Tanaxmad, am etapisTvis saqarTvelos mTavari miRweva evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweraa. rac Seexeba asocirebidan dRemde ganvlil gzas, aq progresad miC-neulia adgilobrivi samarTlebrivi CarCos evropulTan daax-loeba, axali kanonebis miReba da sxvadasxva sferoSi (soflis meurneoba, vaWroba, fitosanitaria, sursaTis uvnebloba, ba-zarze konkurencia, sazogadoebrivi mauwyebloba, adamianTa uflebebi da sxv.) evrokavSiris araerTi standartis danergva.

`is faqti, rom asocirebis xelSekruleba xelmowerilia, win gadadgmuli mniSvnelovani nabijia evrointegraciis gzaze. ra Tqma unda, es ar aris gawevrianebis xelSekruleba, magram es aris evrokavSirSi politikuri da ekonomikuri integraciis mniSvnelovani etapi. es ar aris sawyisi etapi; me vfiqrob, rom Cven mniSvnelovani etapi ukve ganvlili gvaqvs~ (e.T., poli-tikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

`samwuxarod, ver vityvi, rom Zalian win varT evrointe-graciis kuTxiT. reformebis moculobidan gamomdinare, kidev Zalian bevri reforma gvaqvs gansaxorcielebeli. Tumca, rac ganxorcielda, isic Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo. magaliTad, savizo reJimis samoqmedo gegma, asocirebis samoqmedo gegma, es moicavs Zalian farTo speqtrs, rogorc ekonomikur, ise samarTlis da kargi mmarTvelobis sakiTxebs, Cven ukve mniS-vnelovnad waviwieT win. mediis Tavisufleba aris gacilebiT maRali, vidre odesme yofila, pirovnebis uflebebi gacilebiT daculia, saarCevno garemoa gacilebiT ukeTesi, ekonomikaSi mniSvnelovani reformebia dawyebuli, konkurenciis saagento daarsda, sanitaruli regulaciebis kuTxiT mniSvnelovani Zvrebia. Tumca asocirebis xelSekrulebis yvelaze didi wili modis meoTxe-mexuTe welze, es gawerilia vadaSi da ZiriTadi masa modis Semdeg~ (b.S., samTavrobo struqtura).

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damoukidebeli eqspertebi da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi samarTlebrivi progresis paralelurad arse-bul faqtobriv problemebsac asaxeleben: arapopularuli re-formebis (magaliTad, teqdaTvaliereba, miwis sakuTrebisa da migraciis kanoncvlileba da sxv.) aucileblobiT, Tumca ara-adekvaturad ganxorcielebiT miRebuli uaryofiTi Sedegebis ev-rokavSirze gadabraleba xdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, am ukanaskneli-sadmi mosaxleobis ndobasa da keTilganwyobas asustebs. amas ara mxolod opoziciuri politikuri partiebis, aramed arsebuli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebic aRiareben. amgvari qmedeba sax-ifaTod miiCneva im fonze, rom evrointegraciis Sesaxeb mosaxle-obis mizanmimarTuli informireba nakleb xorcieldeba, miuxe-davad imisa, rom msgavsi informirebis aucilebloba araerTxel iyo xazgasmuli evrokomisiis warmomadgenlebis mier rogorc asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweramde (Stefan fules viziti saqarTveloSi, 4 marti, 2014), ise xelmoweris Semdeg (iohanes ha-nis viziti saqarTveloSi, 16 ianvari, 2015).

`ris winaaRmdegac sul vibrZviT, aris is, rom arapopularuli reformebis mibma xdeba evrokavSirTan da asocirebis SeTanxme-basTan. magaliTad, teqdaTvalierebis Tema; ambobdnen, rom amas iTxovs evrokavSiri, aseve aqcizebis sakiTxs. es mosaxleobaSi am procesis mimarT uaryofiT ganwyobas aCens. am kuTxiT, saxelm-wifo uwyebebic scodaven, fiqroben, rom sensitiuri reformis gatareba ufro gauadvildebaT, Tu amas evrokavSirs miabamen. es araswori aRqmaa~ (n.d., samTavrobo struqtura).

`winsvla aris, bunebrivia. ubralod, me rasac vxedav prob-lemad, aris is, rom yvela am reformis Tanmdevi negativi, rac bunebrivad axlavs yvela cvlilebas, dabralebul iqna evro-kavSirze; rac Zalian cudia, radgan es ar aris is reformebi, romlebic Cven vinmem Tavs mogvaxvia. Cven TviTon movawereT xeli am valdebulebas da xelebi aravis gadaugrexia. Cven Tu vinmes vabralebT, rom cudi imitom gamovida, rom es evrokav-Sirma gviTxra, amiT zians vayenebT evrokavSiris mxardaWeras, gansakuTrebiT iseT regionebSi, sadac misi reitingi arc ise maRalia~ (t.l., eqsperti, wina xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli).

am konteqstSi, aRsaniSnavia arsebuli da wina xelisuflebis

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mier evropeizaciis procesSi sakuTari damsaxurebebis gansx-vavebuli Sefaseba. wina xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebis az-riT, xelmoweris Semdeg saerTod ver wavediT win.~ asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweras isini arsebuli mTavrobis mxridan eleqtoratis saamebel performanss miaweren, radgan `xelis armowera didi zianis momtani iqneboda, daingreoda qveyana~ (d.l., politikosi, wina xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli). amde-nad, maTi SefasebiT, asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmowera re-aluri progresis maCvenebeli ki araa, aramed sazogadoebrivi azris mimarT gadaxdili `politikuri xarkia.~

`mTavrobis cudi muSaobis gamo, ver miviReT vizaliberal-izacia; aseve, Tavisufali vaWroba ZalaSi Sevida da eqsporti daeca. aseTi magaliTi me ar vici, rom romelime qveyanas mien-iWa ubaJo wvdoma da eqsporti, gazrdis magivrad, Semcirda mniSvnelovnad; ese igi cudi mTavroba aris. natozec igives vi-tyodi, Cveni mxridan aris mxolod talking point-ebi~ (d.l., poli-tikosi, wina xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli).

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom Cveni kvlevis erT-erTi monawile, saparlamento umravleobis warmomadgeneli, Tavadac kritikulad afasebs misi gundis `evropulobas~ da dasZens, rom saparlamento umciresobas am mimarTulebiT ufro meti esmis, Tumca, ar eTanxmeba am ukanasknelTa pozicias, rom maT gareSe saqarTvelos evropeizaciis process safrTxe emuqreba.

`simarTle rom iTqvas, parlamentsac sWirdeba evro-peizacia, is xarisxobrivad sxva unda iyos. am mxriv, gansa-kuTrebiT umravlesoba, didi evropulobiT ar gamoirCeva, piriqiT. magram, visac es kargad esmis, igive umciresobas, mas es paradigma sruliad gansxvavebulad aqvs agebuli: ,me Tu ar viqnebi, qveyana daingreva.’ amaSi maT (,erTian nacionalur moZ-raobas’) ayvnen ,Tavisufali demokratebi’ da Tqves, rom Cven Tu ar viqnebiT traeqtoriebi, yvelaferi Camoingreva~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

uaRresad sainteresoa politikosebisa da eqspertebis msj-eloba evrokavSirisa da saqarTvelos `amosaval wertilebs~ So-ris gansxvavebazec, radgan evropa, dRes, moqalaqeebis keTil-

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dReobis gazrdazea orientirebuli, xolo saqarTvelos SemTx-vevaSi, jer kidev mosaxleobis fizikur gadarCenazea saubari. msgavsi Sexeduleba kavSirSia `TviTgamoxatvis~ da `gadarCenis~ Rirebulebebs Soris dapirispirebasTan (Inglehart, Welzel, 2005). TviTgamoxatva, rogorc Rirebuleba da sazomi, Semdegi indika-torebis nakrebs warmoadgens: cxovrebiT kmayofileba, toler-antoba, sajaro gamoxatvisa da Tavisuflebisken swrafva; xolo gadarCenis RirebulebiTi kategoria mxolod bazisuri ekonomi-kuri saWiroebebis dakmayofilebas gulisxmobs. avtorebi aRniS-naven, rom kulturul cvlilebebs adgili aqvs maSin, rodesac qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReoba mniSvnelovan zrdas ganicdis garkveuli periodis ganmavlobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, formal-uri demokratizacia ver uzrunvelyofs modernizaciis process, romlis Semadgenel nawiladac, Tavis mxriv, evropeizacia ganix-ileba. Sesabamisad, SeiZleba vivaraudoT, rom evropeizacia nor-matul doneze rCeba da nacvlad imisa, rom sazogadoebis yofiT doneze damkvidrdes, formalur dones ver scdeba da mxolod ritorikul strategiad gvevlineba. amas adasturebs, Tundac, zurab Jvanias cnobili frazis `me var qarTveli da, maSasadame, var evropeli!~ popularoba qarTul sazogadoebaSi, romelsac, CRRC-is 2013 da 2015 wlis kvlevebis mixedviT, mosaxleobis 56% uyoymanod eTanxmeba. Tumca, roca gamzadebul frazas ki ar sTavazoben, aramed ekiTxebian, ramdenad grZnoben siaxloves ev-ropasTan, aRmoCnda, rom qarTvelebis mxolod 18.4% aRiqvams sa-kuTar Tavs evropelad, rac ISSP-is 2013 wlis kvlevis monaceme-bidan vlindeba.

evropeizaciis gavlena mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze da damokidebulebaze evrokavSiris mimarT

mosaxleobis sagareo politikis xedvis formirebasa da masTan dakavSirebul diskursebze mniSvnelovan gavlenas ax-dens araerTi sociokulturuli da politikuri faqtori. gansakuTrebiT swrafad icvleba an ufro mkafiod ikveTeba ganwyobebi Zlieri sociopolitikuri cvlilebebis dros. miCneulia, rom radikaluri socialuri Zvrebis pirobebSi,

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rodesac ontologiur usafrTxoebas da yoveldRiur rutinebs SesaZloa safrTxe daemuqros, Zlieri saxiT vlindeba `cxeli~ nacionalizmi, romelic, Cveulebriv, aradeklarirebuli da SeumCneveli, amdenad, `banaluri~ rCeba (Billig, 1995, 44). aseT viTarebaSi SesaZloa mosaxleobis sociopolitikuri ganwyo-bebi mniSvnelovnad Seicvalos. magaliTad, ruseTis agresiam mis mosazRvre qveynebSi, mosalodnelia, rom gazardos evro-atlantikur sivrceSi gaerTianebis msurvelTa raodenoba; ev-rokavSiris normebisa da standartebis swrafma danergvam ki SesaZloa adgilobriv mosaxleobaSi gangaSi gamoiwvios, rom erovnul Rirebulebebsa da identobas safrTxe emuqreba.

msgavsi konteqstis gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia, roca vikv-levT evropeizaciis procesis gavlenas mosaxleobis sagareo politikis xedvaze, evrokavSiris mimarT damokidebulebebsa da Sesabamis diskursebze. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, qveynis ev-ropeizacia sam doneze mimdinareobs: Sinauri struqturebi, sajaro politika, da kognituri da normatuli struqturebi. swored es ukanaskneli moicavs diskurss, normebs, Rirebule-bebsa da identobebs. miCneulia, rom kognituri da normatu-li struqturebi transformaciul gavlenas axdens politikis yvela elementze; amasTan, Tavad evropeizaciac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens ara marto formalur politikur struqture-bze, aramed wevri da gawevrianebis msurveli qveynebis normebze, Rirebulebebze da diskursebze (Radaelli, 2003, 36).

Cveni kvlevis safuZvelze, ramdenime mniSvnelovani dis-kursi gamoikveTa imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra gavlenas axdens evro-kavSirTan daaxloeba da misi Tanmdevi evropeizaciis proce-si mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze. pirveli diskursis Tanaxmad, evrointegraciis procesi qveynis usafrTxoebis ga-rantia. marTalia, xazgasmulia is garemoeba, rom evrokav-Sirs saerTo usafrTxoebis sistema ar aqvs da is samxedro gaerTianebas ar warmoadgens, magram kvlevis monawileTa ev-rointegraciasTan dakavSirebuli molodinebi mainc saqarT-velos gare safrTxeebisgan dacvas ukavSirdeba, radgan, maTi azriT, swored am gziT iZens qveyana, rogorc saerTaSoriso usafrTxoebis sistemaSi Semavali rgoli, gadarCenis realur Sanss.

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`amiT [evrointegraciiT] xels SevuwyobT, gavamagrebT ara mxolod Cveni Taobis, aramed Taobebis, saqarTvelos moqa-laqeebis gadarCenis gzas imitom, rom Cven vTvliT, rom es aris erTaderTi gza, rom qveyana, rogorc Tanamedrove saerTaSor-iso struqturebSi Semavali patara komponenti, gadarCes~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

am konteqstSi, respondentebi xazs usvamen ruseTis faqtors, romelsac `aRizianebs saqarTvelos nebismieri winsvla evroin-tegraciis kuTxiT~ (o.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia). usafrTxoebaze saubrisas, aRsaniSnavia swored ruseTis sapir-woned evrokavSiris ganxilva, radgan, sazogadoebriv diskursSi, evrokavSiri, rogorc saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis damcveli, da ruseTi, rogorc qveynis mTavari safrTxe, urTierTsawinaaRmdego polusebzea ganTavsebuli. kvlevebis Tanaxmad, usafrTxoebis ms-gavsi diskursebiT xasiaTdebodnen baltiispireTis qveynebic ev-rokavSirSi gawevrianebamde, moiazrebdnen ra evrokavSirs ruse-Tis agresiisgan dacvis mTavar garantad (Kuus, 2007; Mole, 2007). Cveni respondentebic aRniSnaven, rom politikosebi cdiloben, qarTuli sazogadoebis TvalSi evrointegraciis legitimacia swored usafrTxoebaze apelirebiT moaxdinon. marTalia, realu-rad, evrokavSiri ar aris samxedro gaerTianeba da, Sesabamisad, us-afrTxoebis garanti, magram problemis ase warmoCena `politikuri marketingis~ nawiladaa miCneuli.

aqve gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom usafrTxoebis Tvalsaz-risiT, ar arsebobs imis aucilebloba, rom saqarTvelo evro-kavSiris wevri qveyana gaxdes; mTavaria, is iyos asocirebuli partniori, ganviTarebuli ekonomikiTa da sworad dagegmili politikiT, rac, Tavis mxriv, ruseTTan keTilmezobluri urTierTobis SesaZleblobas gazrdis da am gziT, iribad, us-afrTxoebis garantiebsac uzrunvelyofs.

`Tu Sen ganviTarebuli ekonomika da politikuri struq-tura geqneba, ar iqnebi agresiuli, sxvas Wkuis swavlebas ar dauwyeb, Tu misi safrTxeebi ar iqneba SenTvis momgebiani, anu aiReb igive princips, rac fineTma aiRo, aseT SemTxvevaSi, gaqvs meti garantia, rom ruseTTan mowesrigebuli urTier-Toba gqondes~ (n.c., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

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am diskursis farglebSi gamokveTili qvediskursis Tanax-mad, evrointegraciis procesi umniSvnelovanesia saerTaSor-iso arenaze saqarTvelos poziciebis gaZlierebisTvis, radgan Tavad evrokavSiri, rogorc `hegemonuri aqtori~ (Grabbe, 2006, 37), romelic patara da susti saqarTvelos interesebs daicavs, konfliqtebis daregulirebisas mTavari mediatori iqneba.

`evrokavSiri konfliqtebis mowesrigebis procesSia Car-Tuli da mTavari mediatoria Tundac Jenevis formatSi. garda amisa, evrokavSiris sadamkvirveblo misia saqarTveloSi, ak-virdeba 2008 wlis cecxlis Sewyvetis xelSekrulebis imple-mentaciis process da exmareba saqarTvelos araRiarebis politikis SenarCunebaSi~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

garda saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis garantiisa, evrointe-graciis da misi Tanmxlebi evropeizaciis procesi qvey-nis demokratiul transformaciaze gavlenis mqone mTavar instrumentad moiazreba. am konteqstSi, umTavresi, rac qvey-anam da xalxma aRniSnuli procesidan unda miiRos, respon-dentTa TqmiT, swored qveynis demokratiuli ganviTarebaa, risi Tanmdevicaa sabazro ekonomikis ganviTarebac.

`am procesis mTavari Sedegi aris qveynis transformacia mTlianobaSi, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobebis da mowyobis cvlileba iseTnairad, romelic, pirvel rigSi, evropul fa-seulebebs amkvidrebs qveyanaSi, xels uwyobs Tavisufali ba-zris da sabazro ekonomikis ganviTrebas~ (l.d., eqsperti, sax-elmwifo struqtura).

amdenad, erT-erTi umTavresi sargebeli, rac evropeizaciis procesma unda moitanos, qveynis ekonomikuri aRmasvlaa. mar-Talia, zogi xazs usvams, rom procesis dasawyisSi, sargeblis nacvlad, SesaZloa ekonomikurma problemebma iCinos Tavi, ma-gram, miuxedavad mosalodneli safrTxeebisa, dominirebs azri, rom grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, ekonomikuri keTildReobis miRweva iqneba SesaZlebeli, rasac qveynis saeqsporto poten-cialis ganviTareba da mTliani Sida produqtis zrda mohyveba.

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demokratiuli transformaciis mimarTulebiT, arsebiT molodinad respondentebs saarCevno sistemis gaumjobeseba esaxebaT. aqve, mniSvnelovan nabijad saxeldeba liberaluri Rirebulebebis dacva, am mimarTulebiT muSaobis gaZliereba da, Sedegad, umciresobebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis ufro efeqtianad mogvareba. am konteqstSi, kvlevaSi monawile eqspertebma antidiskriminaciuli kanonis mniSvnelobas gausves xazi.

`evropuli yaidis saxelmwifo da evropeizebuli sazoga-doeba aris adamianze orientirebuli _ adamianis uflebebze, mis Tavisuflebebze, mis keTildReobaze; orientirebuli yvela individis, sazogadoebis yvela wevris dacvaze~ (l.d., eqsperti, saxelmwifo struqtura).

evropeizaciis procesis kidev erT mniSvnelovan Sedegad, romelic uSualod dakavSirebulia demokratiul da ekonomi-kur transformaciasTan, qveynis modernizacia dasaxelda. am mxriv, qarTvelebis xedva Zalian axlosaa evrointegraciis pro-cesSi aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis qveynebSi arsebul xedvasTan, kerZod, maT mier evropeizaciis, rogorc `modern-izaciis yvelaze avTenturi formis~, aRqmasTan (Melegh, 2006, 118). amasTan, evropeizacia danaxulia modernizaciis instru-mentad ara mxolod adgilobrivi politikuri elitis, aramed samoqalaqo sazogadoebis xelSic, romelmac xelisuflebis qmedebebi unda gaakontrolos da masze Sesabamisi zewolac ga-naxorcielos, anu aranaklebi pasuxismgebloba ikisros qveynis modernizaciis mimarTulebiT.

`me vfiqrob, rom es yvelaferi aris, garkveulwilad, raRac saSualeba qveynis modernizaciis; instrumenti, romelic, erTi mxriv, SeiZleba gamoiyenos TviTon xelisuflebam da, meore mxriv, es aris iaraRi samoqalaqo sazogadoebis xelSi, rom realurad moaxdinos zewola xelisuflebaze, raTa man ganaxorcielos qveynis modernizacia~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasam-Tavrobo organizacia).

aqve, unda aRiniSnos, rom respondentTa azriT, marTalia, evropeizacia modernizaciis process aCqarebs, magram mxolod

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politikuri da ekonomikuri sistemis modernizacia sakmarisi ar aris. `evropa sxva samyaroa, sxva adaT-Cvevebia~, romelTan daaxloebisTvisac aucilebelia `mentaluri modernizacia~, ris gareSec asocirebis xelSekrulebac da evropeizaciac mx-olod qaRaldze darCeba da normatulidan qmedebis doneze ver gadainacvlebs.

`vlaparakobT, ai, evropeizacia, modernizacia, aRreulia es terminebi... midixar am gziT, romelic marTla Zalian kar-gia... marTlac, es gza Seesabameba yvela im evropul standarts, romelic iqaa, rac Cven gvinaxavs germaniaSi, britaneTSi, Tu Tundac SveicariaSi... midis ki es gza evropisaken? ... es aris unikaluri Sansi Cveni qveynisaTvis, Cveni moqalaqeebisaTvis, rom moxdes mentaluri modernizacia da aman daaCqaros is Sida reformebi, romelTa gareSec evropeizaciac da asocirebis xelSekrulebac iqneba carieli sityvebi. es yvelaferi marti-vi ar aris... evropa sxva samyaroa, sxva adaT-Cvevebia... ai, evro-paze SeiZleba ilaparako didi xani, magram sanam is qarTveli moqalaqe, akademikosi iqneba Tu rigiTi vinme, evropeliviT ar gamova plastmasis yuTiT Tu parkiT da ar gadaagdebs am nagavs, aramed gadaabijebs da wava, is evropa iqve mTavrdeba, rac ar unda SeTanxmebas moawero xeli~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamen-to umravlesoba).

miuxedavad evropeizaciis procesis Tanmdevi `mentaluri modernizaciis~ mniSvnelobis xazgasmisa, respondentebi, ima-vdroulad, masSi identobis SenarCunebasTan dakavSirebul safrTxeebsac xedaven. evrokavSiris instituciuri praqti-kis brmad gadmoReba qarTuli identobisa da yofisTvis sa-zianod miiCneva; miT ufro, rom saqarTvelo im `civilizaciis matarebel qveynadaa~ warmodgenili, romelmac istoriuli miRwevebi unda `SeinarCunos.~ swored saqarTvelos civilize-bul qveynad warmoCeniT da mis warsul didebaze apelirebiT, respondentebi cdiloben, saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi nakleb relevanturad warmoaCinon dasavleTisTvis damaxasiaTebeli `civilizaciis diskursi~ (Elias, 1994).

`Cven varT, amave dros, civilizaciis matarebeli qveyana; qveyana, romelsac mTeli rigi warmatebebi hqonda. Cven unda

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SevZloT amis SenarCuneba, radgan evropeizacia, evrokavSir-Tan Cveni mierTeba, ra formiTac ar unda iyos es, iqneba ukve is procesi, ramac SeiZleba daazianos Cveni identoba, cxovrebac, yofac, adaTic~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

dasavluri `civilizaciis diskursis~ Sesustebis mcdelo-bis gamoxatulebaa is faqtic, rom dasavleT-aRmosavleTis diqotomiaSi TavianTi adgilis gansazRvrisas, qarTvelebi xazs usvamen sakuTar `dasavlurobas~ da ara `aziurobas.~ amgvari strategia detaluradaa aRwerili maria todorovas mier (1997), romelic, balkaneTis magaliTze, evropis far-glebSi orientalizmis Tanamedrove gamovlinebaze amaxvi-lebs yuradRebas da orientalizmis `msxverplTa~ TavdacviT strategias _ oqsidentalizms ganixilavs, aRwers ra maT mcd-elobas, sakuTari Tavi sxvis dasavleTad warmoaCinon.

`mosaxleobisTvis es [sakuTari evropulobis xazgasma] ufro aris maTi kulturulobis aRiareba, rac, principSi, sulac ar aris swori imitom, rom ver vityviT, rom azia nak-lebad kulturulia. Tumca, aseTi popularuli Sexeduleba arsebobs, rom evropa ufro kulturulia. me mgoni, es ase ar aris, ubralod, dRes politikur-ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, mowinavea evropa da amerika~ (m.i., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

zemoT warmodgenil Sexedulebas, rom evrokavSirTan `mi-erTeba, ra formiTac ar unda iyos is~, qarTuli identobisTvis saziano SeiZleba aRmoCndes, upirispirdeba pozicia, romlis Tanaxmad, evrointegracia ar unda iqnas aRqmuli safrTxed, ar-amed, piriqiT, qarTuli identobisa da TviTmyofadobis Senar-Cunebis saSualebad. aRniSnulia, rom qarTuli sazogadoeba Ta-vadac gaacnobierebs amas, roca uSualod gaecnoba evropas, ev-ropuli cxovrebis wess da im multikulturul garemos, sadac TiToeul ers TviTrealizaciis saTanado SesaZlebloba eZl-eva. aqve, respondentebi xazs usvamen, rom identobis dakargv-asTan dakavSirebuli SiSebis gavrcelebaSi ganmsazRvrel rols antidasavluri Zalebi da, gansakuTrebiT, rusuli propaganda, TamaSoben. miCneulia, rom evropasTan uSualo kavSiri da meti siaxlove swored amgvari miTebis gaqarwylebis saukeTeso gzaa.

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`rac ufro meti saSualeba iqneba gacvla-gamocvlis da uvizo mimosvlis, miT ufro advilad gasaqarvebeli iqneba is miTebi, rasac aq rusuli propaganda da antidasavluri Zalebi nergavs _ rom evropuli garemo Cveni identobisTvis aris safrTxe, rom qarTvelobas gvarTmeven. ase advili dasanaxi iqneba, rom evropuli sazogadoebebis qvakuTxedi aris wesebi, wesebis mixedviT cxovreba, wesebi, romlebic yvelasTvis erT-nairia~ (d.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebulobis done evrointegraciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT

evrokavSirisa da evrointegraciis procesis Sesaxeb in-formirebulobaze saubrisas, calsaxad gamoikveTa poli-tikosTa da eqspertTa azri, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebulobis done am mimarTulebiT sakmaod daba-lia. informaciis naklebobam ki, SesaZloa, sazogadoebaSi araswori molodinebi gaaCinos. Tuki mosaxleobas `lamazi lozungebidan~ evropeizaciis praqtikaSi gadatana rTuli moeCveneba, is daiwyebs fiqrs, uRirs Tu ara evrointegraciis Sromatevadi gzis gavla. ekonomikuri urTierTobebis Tval-sazrisiT, qarTvelebs ruseTTan TanamSromlobis gamoc-dileba aqvT. amitom, Tu ruseTs ufro martivi SemoTavazeba eqneba, aris saSiSroeba, rom mosaxleobam SedarebiT ioli gza airCios, rameTu saubaria ekonomikur sargebelze da ara ruseTze, rogorc politikur partniorze. es rom ar moxdes, gansakuTrebiT `momZlavrebuli prorusuli da antidasavluri propagandis~ pirobebSi, respondentebs aucileblad miaCniaT farTomasStaburi sainformacio kampaniebis dagegmva da evro-kavSiris Sesaxeb cnobadobis gazrda, rogorc politikosebis mosaxleobasTan pirispir Sexvedrebis, ise masobrivi informa-ciis saSualebebis aqtiurad gamoyenebis gziT.

`Cveni mosaxlebis umravlesoba am procesSi SemTxveviT aris moxvedrili, arc gaazrebuli aqvT, arc gagebuli aqvT, xSirad verc xvdebian, ra xdeba. umetesobisTvis es Tavsmox-veuli lamazi lozungebia. uceb aRmoCnda, rom am lozungebs

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raRac moTxovnebi moyveba da axla fiqrobs, uRirs Tu ara. Tu es gza rTuli aRmoCnda, aris SesaZlebloba, rom gadawyviton ufro advili gzis Zieba. es gza advili ar aRmoCndeba da amis saSiSroeba aris. Tu Cvenma Crdiloelma mezobelma ufro advi-li gza SemogvTavaza, SeiZleba ufro naklebad Rirseuli, aris Sansi, mosaxleobis garveulma nawilma iqiT gadaiwios~ (C.m., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

`araa arsi [evrointegraciis] gaTviTcnobierebuli. Cveni mizania, rom mxardaWera iyos gacnobierebuli, gansakuTrebiT am propagandis pirobebSi. Zalian vcdilobT, rom viaqtiuroT, magram Cven kidev ufro gvinda gaaqtiureba. lamis yoveldRe vatarebT Sexverdebs _ 300 Sexvedra da 15000 iyo mosuli, rac arc ise bevria qveynis masStabiT. ufro meti urTierToba unda gvqondes mosaxleobasTan da, zogadad, masobrivi informaciis saSualebebi gamoviyenoT. amisTvisac vmuSaobT~ (b.S., samTav-robo struqtura).

sazogadoebis dabali informirebulobis erT-erT mTavar mizezad mTavrobis mxridan mosaxleobasTan arasakmarisi da araswori komunikacia saxeldeba. marTalia, xelisuflebis warmomadgenlis gancxadebiT, mosaxleobis informirebisTvis konkretuli aqtivobebi xorcieldeba, magram eqspertebi mi-iCneven, rom amgvari mcdelobebi sakmaod mwiria, rac Tavad politikosebis moumzadeblobaze metyvelebs _ maT ara aqvT SemuSavebuli saTanado strategiebi mosaxleobis cnobiereb-is asamaRleblad. erT-erT respondents magaliTic ki mohyavs imis sailustraciod, rom xelisufleba ver uxsnis rigiT fer-mers, ra sargebeli SeiZleba moutanos evrointegraciam. kiTx-vebze pasuxgaucemloba ki, sul mcire, evrokavSiris mimarT moqalaqeebis indiferentulobas iwvevs.

`erTi adamiani wasuli iyo sofelSi da leqcias ukiTxavda natosa da evrokavSiris mniSvnelobaze da erTma kacma ikiTxa, patara safutkre maqvs da CemTvis ra sargebeli iqnebao? am adamianma ver upasuxa. ara mxolod samTavrobo struqturebma, aramed arasamTavrobo struqturebmac ar ician, ra gzebiT, xerxebiT unda miawodon informacia, ar moufiqrebiaT proeq-ti, rogor gavxadoT sazogadoeba evrointegraciis procesis

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gulSematkivari da Tanamonawile~ (m.i., eqsperti, arasamTav-robo organizacia).

aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad mmarTveli gundis warmomadgenlma xazi gausva xelisuflebis mxridan mosaxleobasTan araadekva-tur komunikacias, rac miuTiTebs, rom politikuri aqtorebi Tavad acnobiereben problemebis arsebobas. respondentebi sirTules imaSi xedaven, rom mmarTveli politikuri Zalis warmomadgenlebi ver uxsnian mosaxleobas evropeizaciis sik-eTeebs. ufro metic, zogjer aRniSnuli procesi briuselidan nakarnaxevad saxeldeba, rac mosaxleobis mier saqarTvelos mTavrobis suverenuli qmedebis Sesustebis gamoxatulebad aRiqmeba.

`me vfiqrob, rom Cven ar velaparakebiT mosaxleobas saTa-nado enaze da ar vuxsniT, principSi, evropa da evropeloba ratom aris kargi. iciT, moqalaqeebma rom gaigon, ratom aris es kargi, maT unda uTxra, konkretulad rogor SeexebaT es, da amaze ar vlaparakobT. axla, rogorc me vlaparakob, zogadad, ase vesaubrebiT moqalaqeebs; arada, unda vuTxraT konkre-tulad, rom asocireba is SeTanxmebaa, romelic konkretu-li Sedegis momtania maTTvis. sul veubnebiT sazogadoebas, rom asocirebis SeTanxmebis pirveli raundi, meore raundi, raRaceebi da a.S. da direqtivis es muxli ar Sesrulda, ar ain-teresebs mosaxleobas. sityva ,direqtiva’ rom esmis, hgonia, rom viRaca zevidan gvkarnaxobs~ (i.l., politikosi, saparla-mento umravlesoba).

rogorc kvlevaSi monawile eqspertebi aRniSnaven, araswori komunikacia da araadekvaturi molodinebis gaCena sazogadoe-bis nihilizms iwvevs, radgan mosaxleobas ar sjera im sikeTee-bis, romelsac evrointegraciis Sedegad miiRebs. eqspertebis azriT, arainformirebuloba da nihilizmi ara mxolod farTo sazogadoebisTvis, aramed saxelmwifo moxeleebisTvisac dam-axasiaTebelia.

`Cemma TanamSromelma treningi Cautara 67 saxelmwifo mox-eles municipalitetebidan. aqac ki Zalian did nawilSi iyo gancda, TiTqos maT ar sjeraT, rom realurad SesaZlebelia

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evropis bazarze Tavis damkvidreba. nihilizmis da uimedobis gancdaa. amaze unda imuSaos mTavrobam~ (m.i., eqsperti, arasam-Tavrobo organizacia).

sazogadoebrivi nihilizmis erT-erT mTavar mizezad is garemoebac miiCneva, rom evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis survi-li da gawevrianebis rwmena erTmaneTTan TanxvedraSi ar mo-dis. respondentis azriT, miuxedavad imisa, rom gawevrianebis msurvelTa maRali procentia, mxolod mcire nawils sjera saqarTvelos evrostruqturebSi integraciisa, rac, Tavis mxriv, safrTxis Semcvelia, radgan arsebobs Sansi, rom mo-saxleobis TvalSi evrokavSiris alternativa gaCndes; amitom gawevrianebis rwmena umniSvnelovanesia.

`marto is ki araa saintereso, ramdeni uWers evrointegra-cias mxars, saintereso isaa, ramdens sjera, rom gavwevriande-biT. am mxriv Zalian dabali procentia. SeiZleba uWerde mxars, magram ar gjerodes, rac Zalian cudia. viRaca dagajerebs, rom es ararealuria da modi, sxva gziT wadi~ (t.l., politiko-si, saparlamento umciresoba).

sainteresoa, politikosTa da eqspertTa SefasebiT, ram-denad Seicvala evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informirebulobis done bolo periodSi? respondentTa nawili aRiarebs garkveul progress mosaxleobis informirebulobis gazrdis mimar-TulebiT, Tumca mas mainc arasakmarisad miiCnevs. aRsaniSnavia mosazreba, rom gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania okupirebul teritoriebze mcxovrebi moqalaqeebis informireba da maT TvalSi evrokavSiris momxibvlelobis gazrda. amasTan, ram-denime respondentis mier ori SeTavazebuli alternativa isea formulirebuli _ cxovreba ruseTis okupaciis pirobebSi Tu evropeizebul saqarTveloSi uvizo reJimiT, meti Tavisufle-biT, meti usafrTxoebiTa da Tanmdevi sikeTeebiT, _ rom, faq-tobrivad, arCevans arc tovebs da avtomaturad gulisxmobs `evropuli saqarTvelos~ utyuar upiratesobas.

`ori azri ar aris, ukeTesi mdgomareobaa. Zalian bevr adami-ans vxvdebiT qalaqSic da regionebSic, me maqvs gancda, rom maTi cnobiereba bevrad gazrdilia imasTan SedarebiT, rac SarSan

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an SarSanwin iyo, magram, ra Tqma unda, es sakmarisi ar aris. meti proaqtiuri moqmedebaa saWiro, rom mosaxleobamde sru-lad mivitanoT informacia im sikeTeebis Taobaze, romelsac integraciuli procesebi mogvcems. gansakuTrebiT okupire-bul teritoriebze ramdenad gaizrdeba momxibvleloba, swo-ri arCevanis saSualeba miecemaT, Tuki evrokavSiris qveynebTan uvizo mimosvla daiwyeba. moldova kargi magaliTia, dnestri-spireTis xalxi dadis evropaSi da rigebia. maT swori arCevanis gakeTebis saSualeba miecemaT, ruseTis okupaciis pirobebSi cxovreba da evropuli saqarTvelo, uvizo mimosvla, meti biznes-komunikacia, evropasTan meti integracia, meti Tavisufleba da meti usafrTxoeba. amitom amaze zedmiwevniT unda vimuSavoT. amas sWirdeba intensiuri komunikacia sazogadoebasTan~ (z.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

marTalia, qveynis masStabiT Catarebuli reprezentatu-li kvlevebis Tanaxmad, evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis msurvel-Ta maRali maCvenebeli fiqsirdeba (CRRC-is 2016 wlis martis monacemebiT, is 77%-s Seadgens), magram mas respondentebi, gansakuTrebiT eqspertebi, erTgvari sifrTxiliT udgebian. maTi mosazrebiT, aRniSnuli maCvenebeli SesaZloa, realurad, evropuli orientaciis momxreTa aRmniSvneli ki ar iyos, ara-med ruseTis mimarT antagonisturi ganwyobis gamoxatuleba. am poziciis momxreTa azriT, amgvar suraTs swored evrointe-graciidan usafrTxoebis, ekonomikuri da sxva sargeblis miRe-bis molodinebi iZleva da ara Tavad evropeizaciis ideisadmi erTguleba.

`ruseTis mier 2008 wels daSvebulma Secdomam ganapiroba Cveni antagonisturi damokidebuleba. bevri prorusic ki am-bobs, rom ruseTi okupantia, magram urTierTobebi unda dava-lagoT. es ,magram’ maT leqsikaSi figurirebs. rom ara ruseTis mier daSvebuli es Secdoma, Cveni teritoriebis aRiarebis CaTliT, ufro meti Ria lustrirebuli prorusi gveyole-boda~ (k.u., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

ra gziT unda ganmtkicdes evropeizaciis ideeisadmi erT-guleba da gaizardos proevropuli ganwyobebi saqarTveloSi? am TvalsazrisiT, respondentebi gansakuTrebul rols swored

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politikosebs da eqspertebs miaweren. maT umTavres mediumad ki masmedia ganixileba, raTa mosaxleobas adekvaturad miewo-dos Sesabamisi gzavnilebi. gansakuTrebuli roli televiziasa da socialur medias miewereba, rogorc qarTul realobaSi in-formaciis mopovebis mTavar wyaroebs.

`eleqtronuli mediis gavlena saqarTveloSi aris ganu-zomlad didi, radgan TiTqmis aravin kiTxulobs gazeTebs. feisbuqi, televizori, ai, esaa informaciis ZiriTadi wyaro. avtoritetulma xalxma unda ilaparakos, politikosebma da eqspertebma~ (i.d. eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

calke unda aRiniSnos mosazreba, romelic evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informirebulobis gazrdaSi qarTuli eklesiis rols usvams xazs, rasac sazogadoebaSi sasuliero pirebis didi avtoriteti ganapirobebs; Sesabamisad, miCneulia, rom swored maTi daxmarebiT unda moxdes mosaxleobis saTanado informireba.

`daiZra yinuli _ es aris [mTavrobis] eklesiasTan TanamS-romloba da am informaciis miwodeba uSualod eklesiis war-momadgenlebisTvis, radgan maT didi gavlena aqvT mosaxleo-baze. Sesabamisad, maTTvis axsna, Tu ras niSnavs evrokavSiri, ratom aris saWiro biometruli, Cipiani pasporti, Zalian mniS-vnelovania, rasac, samwuxarod, TiTze CamosaTvleli xalxi akeTebs saqarTveloSi~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo orga-nizacia).

aqve aRiniSna, rom, marTalia, informaciis miwodeba mniS-vnelovania, magram sazogadoebam Tavisi TvaliTac unda naxos evrointegraciis procesis sikeTeebi. unda iyos uvizo mimos-vla da iafi aviaxazebi, radgan sazogadoeba ruseTsa da ev-rokavSirs adarebs erTmaneTs da es ukanaskneli Zalian Sors hgonia, ruseTi ki axlo da nacnobia. amitom mTavari amocanaa mosaxleobis darwmuneba, rom evropa ar aris miuwvdomeli, Tan bevrad sasurveli partnioria, vidre ruseTi.

`informaciis miwodeba mniSvnelovania, magram es ar unda iyos mTavari strategia; xalxma naTlad unda dainaxos, ratom aris kargi evrokavSiri. axla isini, albaT, adareben Tundac

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ruseTs, gauTviTcnobiereblad akeTeben am Sedarebas. ruseTis bazarze produqciis gatana SeuZliaT, evrokavSirSi _ jer ara. maT evrokavSiri hgoniaT Zalian Sori da miuwvdomeli, rodesac ruseTi Zalian axlos aris. aseTi asociaciebi aqvs mosaxleobas. Cven unda movuxsnaT es asociaciebi. unda gavaTviTcnobieroT, rom es ar aris Sori da miuwvdomeli perspeqtiva, evrokavSirSi eqsporti SesaZlebelia, es dawyebulia da momavalSi ufro ga-farTovdeba~ (n.d., samTavrobo struqtura).

miuxedavad calsaxa poziciisa, rom saqarTveloSi evroka-vSirisa da evrointegraciis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis informire-bulobis dabal donesa da am mimarTulebiT politikosTa na-kleb efeqtian muSaobas aqvs adgili, saerTo ganwyoba mainc optimisturia, ris safuZvelsac respondentebs qarTveli ax-algazrdoba, gansakuTrebiT ki, studentoba aZlevs, romelic erTxmad aRiarebulia mosaxleobis yvelaze gaTviTcnobiere-bul da proevropul segmentad.

`erTi, rac am SemTxvevaSi damamSvidebelia, mgonia, rom ax-algazrdoba, pirvel rigSi, studentoba, saRad azrovnebs da es ukve is Tobaa, romlisTvisac es [evropuli] Rirebulebebi Zalian maRalia~ (T.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

politikosebis gaTviTcnobierebulobis done evrointegraciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT

kvlevis monawileTa Tanaxmad, mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT, politikosebi metad gaTviTcnobierebulni arian evrointe-graciis da evropeizaciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. marTalia, isini aRniSnaven, rom politikuri speqtri araerTgvarovania, magram miiCneven, rom, mTlianobaSi, mTavrobas esmis evropeiza-ciis mniSvneloba da politikosTa didi nawili evropul da evroatlantikur arCevans iziarebs.

`gaaCnia, aris politikuri partiebi, romlebic Tvlian, rom evraziuli kavSiri SeiZleba iyos saqarTvelos momavlis gza, zogi Tvlis, rom es aris evrokavSiri da nato, es ar aris erT-gvarovani. magram me moxaruli var, rom ZiriTadi politikuri

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speqtri orientirebulia evropul da evroatlantikur arCev-anze da es aris nomer pirveli sagareo da usafrTxoebis pri-oriteti~ (z.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

`ramdenime oficialuri piris kvalobaze SemiZlia vTqva, rom isini acnobiereben, ra aris evropeizacia. magaliTad, is cvli-lebebi, romlebic Sedis kanonmdeblobaSi, uzenaesi sasamarT-los axal Tavmjdomares namdvilad esmis, iusticiis ministrs da mis moadgiles, parlamentis Tavmjdomares, ekonomikis da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros da rom mkiTxoT, mTlianad mTavrobas es esmis...“ (n.S., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

amasTan, respondentTa mxridan mTavari aqcenti sagareo kursis xedvaze keTdeba, romelic gaTviTcnobierebulobis donesTan nakleb kavSirSi ganixileba da konkretul politi-kur interesebs ukavSirdeba. am diskursis Tanaxmad, miuxeda-vad politikosTa gaTviTcnobierebulobisa, isini aucileblad prodasavluri orientaciiT ar gamoirCevian.

ìs gancxadebebi, romlebsac isini [politikosebi] akeTeben evrokavSirTan da natosTan mimarTebaSi, mianiSnebs, rom maT Sei-Zleba gaTviTcnobierebuli aqvT, magram maTi politikuri orien-taciis da gemovnebis sakiTxia, rom maT ar surT qveynis am mimar-TulebiT wasvla~ (T.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

amdenad, xazgasmulia, rom garkveul politikosTa anti-dasavluri gancxadebebi dakavSirebulia ara maT gauTviTc-nobierebulobasTan, aramed mizanmimarTul kampaniasTan. aqve aRsaniSnavia respondentebis mxridan opoziciur rigebSi arse-buli mkveTrad gamoxatuli pro- da antidasavluri jgufebis xazgasma (èrTiani nacionaluri moZraoba~ da `Tavisufali de-mokratebi~ nino burjanaZisa da `patriotTa aliansis~ sapir-ispirod), rac maTTvis misaRebia, Tumca problemurad miiCneva Tavad xelisuflebis rigebSi iseTi politikosebis arseboba, romlebic antidasavlur gancxadebebs akeTeben. am konteqstSi, yvelaze xSirad mmarTveli koaliciis rigebSi myofi gogi To-faZis partia saxeldeba.

ès idea bunebrivad saWiroebs legitimacias politikoseb-Sic da xalxSic. da ara mxolod opoziciur speqtrSi, aramed

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igive umravlesobaSic. TofaZe gasagebia, mas aseTi politi-kuri platforma aqvs da es aRar Seicvleba. aq saubaria im konkretul xalxze, romlebic umravlesobis wevrebi arian, ,qarTuli ocnebis’ fraqciis wevrebi. yvela ara, bunebrivia, iqac Zalian bevria, romlebic mxars uWeren [evrointegracias]~ (t.l., eqsperti, wina xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli).

aRsaniSnavia gansxvavebuli diskursic, romlis Tanaxmad, politikosebs esmiT evropeizaciis mniSvneloba, magram ar aqvT saTanado codna Tundac asocirebis xelSekrulebasTan dakav-Sirebuli detalebis Sesaxeb da dagegmili samuSaoebi aSinebT.

`Zalian cota vici, ubralod asocirebis xelSekruleba hqondes Tavidan bolomde wakiTxuli~ (z.c. eqsperti, arasam-Tavrobo organizacia).

`politikosebis mxridan survils vgrZnob. piradad aras-dros Semxvedria, rom vinmes eRiarebinos, rom evrokavSiri ar gvinda. gamoxatuli survilia, magram erTgvari SiSi aris, rom es regulaciebi CvenTvis zedmetad rTulia... erTgvari SiSia, rom iq aris Zalian maRali done da Cven iqamde ver mivalT, iq imdeni regulaciebia...~ (m.i., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

swored Sesabamisi codnis naklebobiT xsnian eqspertebi im araswor gzavnilebs, romlebic, pirvel rigSi, mmarTveli gun-didan mosaxleobamde midis da evrokavSiris legitimurobas safrTxes uqmnis. aRiniSna, rom xelisuflebis warmomadgen-lebi calkeuli, gansakuTrebiT ki, araefeqtiani regulaciis amoqmedebas (magaliTad, migraciis Sesaxeb kanonSi cvlileba) xSirad evrokavSiris moTxovnas miaweren maSin, roca Sesabamisi regulaciis amoqmedeba an saerTod ar iyo asocirebis xelSek-rulebiT gawerili, an misTvis niadagis mosamzadeblad qar-Tul mxares sakmarisi dro hqonda da ar sWirdeboda saswrafo wesiT cvlilebebze muSaoba.

`Cemi dakvirvebiT, dabalia codna da, samwuxarod, xSirad iy-eneben evrokavSirs Tavisi gadawyvetilebebis gasamarTleblad, maTi uwyebis mier miRebuli gadawyvetilebis gasamarTleblad, zogjer sruliad gamogonili motivebiT, realuri faqtebis ga-reSe... joxi gadatexes evrokavSirze, rac advilia, radgan isini

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diplomatiurebi arian da aseT sajaro polemikaSi ar Sedian Cven xelisuflebasTan. Sesabamisad, Cveni politikosebic sarge-bloben amiT~ (z.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

samecniero literaturis Tanaxmad, evropeizaciis pro-cesSi uaRresad mniSvnelovania politikuri unifikacia, rac niSnavs, rom sagareo politikis prioritetad, evropis garda, sxva alternativa ar moiazreba (Moumoutzis, 2011, 609). Tu kv-levaSi monawile eqspertTa Sefasebebs SevajamebT, saqarT-veloSi politikuri unifikacia problemas warmoadgens da evrokavSiris, rogorc umniSvnelovanesi sagareo politikuri veqtoris, Sesaxeb mosazrebas legitimacia sWirdeba, maT Soris politikosebSic. Tumca, gacilebiT mniSvnelovnad miiCneva misi legitimacia mosaxleobaSi, ramdenadac swored mosaxleobis moTxovnebs pasuxoben politikuri aqtorebi. kvlevebiT das-turdeba, rom im qveynebSi, sadac mosaxleoba ufro maRali pro-evropuli ganwyobiT gamoirCeva, evrokavSiric ufro advilad aRwevs Tavis mizans (Pickering, 2011). evropeizaciis legitimacia Sesabamisi diskursebis gziT xorcieldeba, romelic, rogorc radaeli aRniSnavs, fundamentur rols asrulebs axali wesebis, Rirebulebebis da praqtikebis formirebasa da maT mimzidvelad warmoCenaSi. avtori mijnavs ori saxis diskurss: sakoordina-cio diskurss, romelic evropeizaciis legitimacias politi-kuri elitebis doneze axdens da komunikaciur diskurss, anu politikuri komunikaciis formebs, romlebic farTo masebzea mimarTuli da maT TvalSi axdens evropeizaciis legitimacias (2003, 40). mocemuli kvlevidan ikveTeba, rom qarTul realoba-Si orive mimarTulebiT mniSvnelovani nabijebia gadasadgmeli. gansakuTrebiT im fonze, rom 2015 wlis erovnuli gamokiTxis Tanaxmad, evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis momxreTa maRali maCveneb-lis paralelurad, arcTu umniSvneloa evraziul kavSirSi gaw-evrianebis momxreTa raodenobac (31%) (NDI, CRRC, 2015).

`mTavari aqcenti mainc sazogadoebis gaTviTcnobierebu-lobis amaRlebaze unda gakeTdes imitom, rom politikosebi metwilad sazogadoebidan momdinare impulsebs pasuxoben, da Tu sazogadoebaSi es moTxovna, rom Cven viaroT evrointe-graciis gzaze, narCundeba da sazogadoebisTvis es priorite-

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tia, politikosebi, bunebrivia, amas pirdapir upasuxeben da is politikosebi iqnebian warmatebulebi, vinc amas adekvaturad upasuxeben~ (i.C., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

`dRes, realuri suraTidan gamomdinare, albaT, saWiroa politikosebTan muSaoba. isinic Cveulebrivi moqalaqee-bi arian, isinic CarTulebi arian am qveynis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, amitom aucilebelia maTi informirebac da CarT-va am procesSi~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

respondentTa SefasebiT, erTi mxriv, problema isaa, rom prodasavlurma politikosebma maTi gzavnilebis mosaxleo-bamde mitana SeZlon, risTvisac Sesabamisi strategiebi unda SearCion. xazgasmulia, rom xSirad mosaxleobas populisturi lozungebis ufro esmis, rac maT sentimentebs aRvivebs, vidre politikosTa `dafiqrebuli~ da `Sewonili~ argumentaciisa. am-denad, warmatebis misaRwevad, prodasavlurma politikosebma swored mosaxleobis sentimentebi unda gaixadon samizned; Tan imgvarad, rom erovnuli sentimentebi, romlebic qarTvelebSi uaRresad Zlieria, evropuls daukavSiron (swored amiT unda aixsnebodes zurab Jvanias cnobili frazis `me var qarTveli da, maSasadame, var evropeli!~ amgvari rezonansi mosaxleobaSi).

`bevr politikoss esmis, magram maTi xalxs ar esmis. ai, visac esmis, magaliTad, dRevandel ,ocnebis’ koaliciaSi, mimaCnia, rom ,respublikelebi’ Zalian momzadebulebi arian... magram, samwuxarod, imaTi (reJisorebis, msaxiobebis) esmis xalxs, radgan isini populistur lozungebs iZaxian, ,respublikele-bi’ ki dafiqrebuls, Sewonils da sTavazoben imas, saiT unda wa-vides qveyana~ (i,d., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

meore mxriv ki, problemad miiCneva politikosebis mxridan mosaxleobisTvis araadekvaturi gzavnilebis miwodeba, radgan, rogorc zemoTac aRiniSna, arapopularul gadawyvetilebebs politikosebi xSirad evrokavSiris moTxovnebs miaweren, rac evrokavSirs im hegemonur moTamaSed warmoaCens, romelic saqarTvelos `Tavs axvevs~ mis regulaciebs da, am Tvalsaz-risiT, ruseTisgan didad ar gansxvavdeba.

`informaciis miwodebac, cota ar iyos, arasworad xdeba. rode-

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sac xalxs eubnebian, rom regulaciebis SemoReba evropis moTxov-naa, ase eubnebodnen ruseTzec. im glexisTvis erTi da igivea, Tavs-moxveulia orive, Tu ar auxsni, rom es misTvis aris kargi. miuxe-davad imisa, rom axla cota gagviWirdeba, mere movigebT. araswori mesijebi midis, ras gulisxmobs is Cinovniki, erTia, da ras ambobs da rogor ismis, es meorea. is Cinovnikebi ar moamzades, ar daa-treninges, rom aseTi raRaceebis laparaki ar SeiZleba televi-ziiT~ (m.i., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

aqve xazgasmulia, erTi mxriv, Tavad politikuri aqtorebis mier sakuTari informirebulobis zrdaze uwyveti zrunva da, meore mxriv, mosaxleobisTvis proevropuli kursis ualter-nativobis Sesaxeb gzavnilebis intensiuri miwodeba, Tundac `agresiuli piar-kampaniis~ gziT.

`problema aris imaSi, rom plitikosebi raRac momentidan ar zrunaven Tavisi ganaTlebis amaRlebaze da gaRrmavebaze. magaliTad, me vici proeqtebi, sadac, vTqvaT, parlamentis treiningebi da a.S. iyo, iq dadis parlamentis ubralo ,stafi’; TiTqmis arasdros dadian parlamentis wevrebi raRac leqciis mosasmenad an raRac axlis gasagebad... evropuli integracia ar aris iseTi martivi gasagebi da es aris mainc axali mimar-Tuleba. nebismieri politikosi unda gadiodes amas...~ (l.d., eqsperti, saxelmwifo struqtura).

`Zalian uxeSad rom vTqvaT, mosaxleobas ar unda misce sa-Sualeba, ifiqros sxvaze, garda evropisa da amisTvis Sen mas agresiuli piar-kampania unda Cautaro~ (m.n., politikosi, sa-parlamento umravlesoba).

evropeizaciis legitimaciis kuTxiT, uaRresad sainteresoa, rom wina da amJamindeli xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebi gansx-vavebul diskursebs gvTavazoben. Tu wina xelisuflebis warmo-madgenelTa mTavari diskursi swored imaze aqcentirebaa, rom maTi mmarTvelobis periodSi, evrokavSiris legitimaciis kuTxiT araerTi efeqtiani nabiji gadaidga, dRes ki am mimarTulebiT uamravi xarvezia, amJamindeli mmarTveli gundis warmomadgenel-Ta TqmiT, evrointegracia saerTo mizania da misi monopoliza-ciisTvis brZolas politikurma aqtorebma Tavi unda daanebon.

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`Tu TofaZis gancxadebebs gavixsenebT, es gancxadebebi ar aris cidan Camovardnili, is sinamdvileSi gamoxatavs ,qar-Tuli ocnebis’ birTvis azrs. magram Cven gvaqvs mocemuloba, rodesac aris prodasavluri sazogadoebrivi azri, prodasav-luri opozicia, romelic prodasavluri poziciebidan utevs mTavrobas. TofaZisnairi adamianebi, romlebic ,qarTul ocne-baSi’ umravlesobas warmoadgenen, am mocemulobiT SeboWile-bi arian... ,qarTulma ocnebam’ moitana antidasavluri ideebis ,meinstrimizacia.’ amis daZlevis gza aris, rom es ideebi ,mein-strimSi’ ar SemovuSvaT. rodesac politikosi amas ityvis, es unda iyos politikuri TviTmkvlelobis tolfasi~ (d.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

`mTavaria, rom Cven SevTanxmdeT, rom aravis sakuTreba ar aris es Tema, magaliTad, ,Tavisufali demokratebis’ Tu ,qar-Tuli ocnebis’. es aris unikaluri saSualeba, rom Cveni qveyana gaxdes normaluri, mowesrigdes, Seqmnas institutebi da amas vaZlierebT... Cveni strategiuli Tu politikuri mesiji unda CamovayaliboT, rom amas frangebisTvis Tu italielebisTvis ki ar vakeTebT, aramed CvenTvis...~ (i.x., politikosi, saparla-mento umravlesoba).

horizontaluri Tu vertikaluri evropeizacia?

radgan evropeizaciis procesSi ori mxarea CarTuli _ ev-rokavSiri da evropeizaciis procesSi myofi qveyana, amitom mniSvnelovania ara mxolod briuselidan wamosuli signalebi-sa da maTze reaqciis, aramed im politikuri paradigmebisa da normebis gaTvaliswinebac, romelTac saxelmwifoebi evrokav-SirTan adaptaciis procesSi SeimuSaveben da sakuTari TamaSis wesebad aqceven. am SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiri maTTvis paradig-mebis wyarod moiazreba da ara ubralod zewolis meqanizmad (Radaelli, Pasquier, 2007). marTalia, rogorc wesi, evropeizaciis process ganixilaven, rogorc evrocentruls (Olsen, 1996) da zemodan qvemoT mimarTuls (Grabbe, 2003, 2006; Schimmelfennig and Sedelmeier, 2005; Sedelmeier, 2011; Copeland, 2014; Borzel, 2015; Zhelyazkova et al., 2015), magram miiCneva, rom evropeizacia, imav-

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droulad, qvemodan zemoT mimarTuli procesicaa (Borzel, 2002, 2005; Goetz, 2005). kompleqsuri molaparakebebis procesSi myo-fi qveynebi briusels àutvirTaven~ sakuTar saWiroebebs da `CamotvirTaven~ maT èvrokavSiris politikis mravalferovani meniudan~ (Radaelli, 2003, 34). aRsaniSnavia isic, rom, rogorc kv-levebi aCvenebs, Zvel kandidatebs am procesze gavlenis moxde-nis bevrad meti SesaZlebloba eZleodaT, vidre axal kandidat da wevrobis msurvel qveynebs, radgan droTa ganmavlobaSi, ev-rokavSirma gaarTula wevrad miRebis formaluri pirobebi da SezRuda SeRavaTebze aplikantTa molaparakebis SesaZleblo-bebi (Grabbe, 2003, 305).

arsebuli kvlevebi adasturebs, rom araTu wevrobis msurve-li qveynebis, aramed axali wevri qveynebis statusic ki evroka-vSiris SigniT, aRmosavleT gafarToebidan 10 wlis Semdeg, Sei-Zleba aRiweros, rogorc ùmcrosi partniorisa~, miuxedavad evrokavSiris wevrebis gacxadebuli Tanasworobisa (Copeland, 2014). Tumca, uaxlesma kvlevebma isic gamoavlina, rom ufro patara, mdidari, kargad marTuli da evroskeptikuri kandi-dati Tu integraciis msurveli qveynebi diskriminaciis nak-leb xarisxs ganicdian da met SeRavaTebs iReben evrokavSiris mxridan (Zhelyazkova et al., 2015). am TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo, rogorc sakmaod Raribi qveyana, romelic jer kidev demokra-tiuli gadasvlis procesSi imyofeba da, amave dros, sakmaod maRali proevropuli ganwyobebiT gamoirCeva, evrokavSirTan aSkara asimetriul mimarTebaSia. es asimetria gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinod gamovlinda 2016 wlis ivnisSi, roca, vizalib-eralizaciisTvis aucilebeli yvela pirobis dakmayofilebis miuxedavad, evrokavSirma saqarTvelos uvizo mimosvlaze uari uTxra da am sakiTxis ganxilva SemodgomisTvis gadaavada. am konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT, sainteresoa, rogor afaseben kvlevaSi monawile politikosebi da eqspertebi saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobas Zalauflebrivi ierarqiis WrilSi.

unda aRiniSnos, rom koalicia `qarTuli ocnebis~ moqmedi da yofili (`Tavisufali demokratebi~) warmomadgenlebi gansa-kuTrebiT eridebian evropeizaciis vertikalur procesad sax-eldebas da evrokavSiris ufros da upirates partniorad war-moCenas. evrokavSirTan saqarTvelos Tanaswori partniorobis

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argumentad maT mohyavT is faqti, rom saqarTvelom nebayo-flobiT moawera xeli evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrule-bas; Sesabamisad, nebayoflobiT aiRo evrokavSiris regula-ciebis Sesrulebaze pasuxismgebloba. evrokavSirTan daaxloe-ba ar yofila saqarTvelosTvis Tavsmoxveuli, aramed qveynis damoukidebeli politikuri arCevania.

`me vfiqrob, rom es aris horizontaluri urTierToba. maT aqvT TavianTi wesebi. Cven gvinda viyoT am wesebis monawile da is gveubneba, ,ki, batono.’ ierarqia da numeraciac ki ara aqvs asocirebis SeTanxmebas, sxvaTa Soris. xelmowerebis boloSi rom naxoT, numeraciac ki ara aqvs~ (i.l., politikosi, saparla-mento umravlesoba).

`es aris SeTanxmebuli konkretuli RonisZiebebi, romlebic asocirebis SeTanxmebaSia CamoTvlili. am dokumentze wlebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinareobda muSaoba, molaparakebebi da Se-Tanxmebulia teqsti. ra Tqma unda, teqstSi igulisxmeba direq-tivebi, es aris evrokavSiris standartebTan miaxloebis Sesa-Zlebloba, Tumca saqarTvelos xelisufleba amas axorcilebs nebayoflobiT~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

sainteresoa, rom aRniSnuli Temis gaSlasTan erTad, re-spondentebis narativSi sul ufro metad Cndeba iseTi sityvebi da Sefasebebi, romelic naTlad miuTiTebs evrokavSiris upi-rates mdgomareobaze saqarTvelosTan, rogorc partnior qvey-anasTan, mimarTebaSi; magaliTad, evrokavSiris `moTxovnebi~, `wesebi~, `direqtivebi~, evrokavSiris standartebis `morgeba~, `kontroli~, `daxmareba.~ garda amisa, respondentTa msjelo-baSi ikveTeba evrokavSirTan urTierTobaSi `Tu..., maSin...~ damokidebulebis arsebobac.

`es damokidebulia saqarTveloze, rogor ganawyob evro-kavSirs Sen mimarT. Tu adekvaturi xar im moTxovnebis mimarT, romelsac evrokavSiri giyenebs da ar gaqvs problemebi maT SesrulebasTan, ra Tqma unda, maSin Tanabar partniorad aR-giqvams da giyalibdeba partnioruli urTierToba. me mgonia, praqtikebis danergva nebayoflobiTia, radgan Cven avirCieT es Cven mimarTulebad da es mosaxleobis gamoxatuli nebaa.

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evrokavSiris mxare ar geubneba, rogor gaakeTo raRac, ar mo-dis dogmaturi instruqciebi, es aris sarekomendacio xasi-aTis rCevebi, is standartebi, rac evrokavSirs aqvs da Sen unda moargo Sens standartebs~ (e.T, politikosi, saparlamento um-ciresoba).

`evrokavSiri aris saxelmwifoTa gaerTianeba, romelsac aqvs Tavisi wesebi. Tu ginda, rom dauaxlovde, Sen unda dauax-lovde da is unda dagexmaros; is ver dauaxlovdeba Sen wesebs, anu cvlilebebisadmi moTxovna erTmxrivia; Tu gvinda, unda gavataroT, aravin gvavaldebulebs. amitom Cven viRebT evro-kavSiris rekomendaciebs; Tan evrokavSiri marto rekomenda-ciebs ki ar gveubneba, gviwevs kidec daxmarebas am procesSi~ (b.S., samTavrobo struqtura).

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris partniorobis araasimetriulad warmoCenis arguments saparlamento umrav-lesobis warmomadgenlebi da masTan asocirebuli responden-tebi imiT aZliereben, rom xazs usvamen evrointegraciis pro-cesSi evrokavSiris loialur da megobrul damokidebulebas saqarTvelos mimarT. umravlesobis erT-erTi warmomadgeneli evrokavSirTan molaparakebebis warmoebis moqnilobaze amax-vilebs yuradRebas da aRniSnavs, rom evrokavSiri, Tavisi ga-mocdilebiT, eqspertebiT da finansebiT, saqarTvelos evro-peizaciis Tanmxlebi sirTuleebis daZlevaSi exmareba; Tumca saqarTvelo Tavad miuTiTebs am sirTuleebis Sesaxeb. aseve, aRiniSna, rom saTanado argumentaciis warmodgenis SemTxveva-Si, evrokavSiri saSualebas aZlevs qarTul mxares, asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi cvlilebebi Tu Ses-worebebi Seitanos.

`asocirebis xelSekrulebaze rom midioda molaparake-bebi, zustad mag kuTxiT mimdinareobda, rom es evrokavSiris moTxovnebi mogvergo CvenTan; Cven veubnebiT, amas ver gava-keTebT, amas ase gavakeTebT...~ (b.S., samTavrobo struqtura).

damoukidebeli eqspertebi da arasamTavrobo orga-nizaciebis warmomadgenlebi ufro kritikulad afaseben ev-rokavSiri-saqarTvelos urTierTobebSi arsebuli ierarqiis

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sakiTxs. respondentebma aRniSnes, rom evrokavSirsa da part-nior qveynebs Soris Tanasworoba deklarirebuli Rirebule-baa, romlis amokiTxva asocirebis xelSekrulebis preambulaS-ic aris SesaZlebeli. Tumca, realobaSi, TamaSis wesebs mxolod evrokavSiri adgens da Tu qveyana, Tavisi nebiT, evrokavSirTan asocirebis sivrceSi Sedis, procesSi avtomaturad erTveba ev-rokavSiris garkveuli imperativebi, Sesabamisad, Zalauflebis asimetriuli urTierTobebi.

`asocirebis xelSekrulebis preambulaSi aris naTqvami, araformalurad, es aris procesi, rodesac is giwesebs Tama-Sis wesebs, romlis mixedviTac Sen unda imoqmedo. roca evropa eubneba saqarTvelos, ra unda gaakeTos, Tumca es ifuTeba ise, rom es sjobia SenTvis, realurad, marTla sjobia; magram faq-tia, rom es molaparakebebi aris asimetriuli~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

gamovlinda gansxvavebuli mosazrebac, kerZod, respondent-Ta nawili miiCnevs, rom evrointegraciis procesSi erTdrou-lad moqmedebs vertikaluri da horizontaluri mimarTeba, radgan evrokavSirTan urTierToba vertikaluria, rodesac saqme regulaciebs exeba, Tumca horizontaluria, rodesac saqme imave regulaciebis aRsrulebis vadebs exeba.

Tumca, rigi arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgen-lebisa da eqspertebis SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos partniorobis `garomantiulebis~ mcdelobac gamovlinda, risi nimuSia evrokavSiri-saqarTvelos urTierTobebis mentori-mowafis urTierTdamokidebulebis analogad ganxil-va. bunebrivia, mowafis rolSi saqarTvelo moiazreba, xolo mentoris rolSi _ evrokavSiri. aseTi analogis safuZvelze, respondentebi cdiloben, evrokavSirsa da partnior qveyanas Soris Tanasworobas gausvan xazi imis CvenebiT, rom orive mxa-re sakuTar movaleobas asrulebs: evrokavSiri (instituciu-rad ganviTarebuli mxare), rogorc mentori, codnas avrce-lebs, xolo saqarTvelo (ganviTarebis procesSi myofi mxare), rogorc mowafe, misi mentoris darigebebs misdevs. aq Tval-saCinod vlindeba eliasis (1994) mier aRwerili `civilizaciis diskursis~ Zala da saqarTvelos SemTxvevis saocari msgavseba

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centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis SemTxvevebTan, sadac adgilobrivi elitebi ganixilavdnen evropeizaciis pro-cess, rogorc `modernizaciis yvelaze avTentur formas~ (Me-legh, 2006, 118).

`,maswavlebeli’ evrokavSiri Tavis moswavles individual-uri azrovnebisken mouwodebs, eubneba ra saqarTvelos, ga-naxorcielos evropuli direqtivebis zegavlenis Sefaseba, ar aZalebs evropuli kanonebis kopirebas da mudmivad aZlevs ukukavSirs. sxva sityvebiT, evrokavSiri saqarTvelos uyure-bs, rogorc umcros partniors, magram kargi gagebiT~ (i.d., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

`maswavleblis interesia, rom Tavisi profesiuli valde-buleba ganaxorcielos. mowafis interesia, rom gaizardos. aseTi interesia daaxloebiT Cven SemTxvevaSi. ra Tqma unda, samarTlebrivad, Cven varT absoluturad Tanasworuflebi-ani _ Cven da evrokavSiri. Tumca, Cven gamovdivarT mowafis rolSi da evrokavSiri maswavleblis rolSi, anu Cven viRebT imas, rasac gveubneba evrokavSiri, viziarebT da vnergavT. ma-gram aq ar SeiZleba ar gavusvaT xazi imas, rom TviTon evroka-vSiris moTxovnebSi aris Cveni mxridan yvela kanonis miRebisas zegavlenis analizis gakeTeba. Sen eubnebi evrokavSirs, rom me es unda gadavavado, am momentSi mzad ara varT amis dasan-ergad da is, piriqiT, geubneba, rom Zalian sworia, yoCaR, rom aRmoaCine es imitom, rom sxva SemTxvevaSi, ase vTqvaT, ufro met raRacas davazianebdiT, anu amaze aris saubari. es aris urTierToba, rodesac, ra Tqma unda, Cven mets vasrulebT ev-rokavSiris moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad, vidre isini Cve-ni moTxovnebis dasakmayofileblad, magram, saboloo jamSi, CvenTvis iseTive momgebiania es, rogorc evrokavSirisTvis~ (l.d., eqsperti, saxelmwifo struqtura).

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom ramdenime respondentma, ev-rokavSiri-saqarTvelos asimetriuli urTierTobis konteqst-Si, yuradReba evrokavSiris politikuri nebis bundovanebaze gaamaxvila, surs Tu ara mas saqarTvelos Semdgomi integraci-is waxaliseba. respondentebs miaCniaT, rom es sakiTxi saqarT-velosTvis kvlav gamowvevad rCeba, radgan, marTalia, asoci-

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rebis xelSekrulebis saxiT safuZveli Seqmnilia, evrokavSirs aqvs SesaZlebloba, saqarTvelos masTan daaxloeba xelovnurad gaaxangrZlivos. amis ramdenime mizezi dasaxelda, maT Soris isic, rom evrokavSirs `zomaze metad eSinia ruseTis gaRiz-ianebis~ (T.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba) da, amas-Tan, ukrainis SemTxvevidan gamomdinare, `evrokavSirma daiwyo fiqri imaze, rom Cven rac ar unda gavukeToT saqarTvelos da ukrainas, Cven rom gvgonia, vakeTebT kargs, realurad, es Sei-Zleba iyos cudi~ (C.m., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia). amdenad, ruseTis faqtori aRmosavleT partniorobis qvey-nebis evrointegraciis procesis damabrkolebel garemoebad miiCneva.

gaJRerda mosazrebac, rom evrointegraciis Semaferxebeli mniSvnelovani faqtoria is arasaxarbielo imijic, riTac saqa-rTvelo evropaSi sargeblobs; kerZod, `espaneTSi qarTuli mafiaa, saberZneTSi qarTuli mafiaa, romSi aRmoCnda qarTuli mafia, germaniaSi ase vera, magram adgil-adgil xom raRaceebi xdeba. ai, amis gamo gvamuxruWeben da ara maT gamo, vinc aq cxov-robs, Cven gamo ki ara~ (i.d., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

Sesabamisad, im realobis fonze, rom `briuseli gviyurebs~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba) da `konsensusi imasTan dakavSirebiT, unda iyos Tu ara saqarTvelo evrokav-Siris wevri, cxadia, ar arsebobs~ (d.l., politikosi, saparla-mento umciresoba), qarTuli mxaris amocanaa, daanaxos evroka-vSirs, rom qveynis evropeizacia misTvis umTavresi priorite-tia. am TvalsazrisiT, gadamwyveti roli saqarTvelos mxridan saerTaSoriso arenaze gansakuTrebul aqtiurobas miewereba, rac, respondentTa SefasebiT, saTanadod ver xorcieldeba.

`swored es aris saqarTvelos gamowveva, iaqtiuros da Seawuxos megobrebi. ase keTdeba sagareo politika, gansa-kuTrebiT patara qveynebisTvis, xSirad iaro, tvini SeuWamo, rom Seni interesebi win wawion. amas saqarTvelos mTavroba ar akeTebs arc erT doneze~ (d.l., politikosi, saparlamento um-ciresoba).

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evropeizaciis meqanizmebi qarTul realobaSi

erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebuli definiciis Tanaxmad, ev-ropeizacia evrokavSiris formaluri da araformaluri we-sebis, normebisa da `saqmis keTebis~ erovnul doneze danerg-vas gulisxmobs, rac ara mxolod sajaro politikis, aramed Sinauri diskursisa da identobebis sferoebsac exeba (Radaelli, 2003, 30). amdenad, termini evropeizacia~ ganixileba erovnuli donis cvladebis transformaciis aRsaniSnavad, evropul mod-elTan adaptaciis procesSi. amxsneli Teoriis Ziebis erT-erT sawyis mcdelobas Seusabamobis modelis~ Seqmna warmoadgenda, romelic adgilobriv da evropul doneebs Soris Sesabamisoba-SeusabamobiT xsnida adaptaciis xarisxs erovnul doneze (Bör-zel and Risse, 2000; Caporaso et al., 2001).

avtorebi, romlebic evropeizacias ikvleven, umetesad mis oTx SesaZlo Sedegze saubroben: inercia, rodesac cvlilebas ara aqvs adgili; Semcireba, rogorc Sedegi, romelic `parado-qsul efeqtad~ SeiZleba ganvixiloT, radgan am dros Seusabam-obebis ricxvi, klebis nacvlad, izrdeba; absorbacia, rac, faq-tobrivad, adaptacias niSnavs da gulisxmobs, rom evrokavSiris moTxovnebis integrireba erovnul politikur sistemebSi ise xdeba, rom arsebiT cvlilebebs ar moelian; da transforma-cia, rodesac adgilobrivi sistema fundamentur cvlilebebs ganicdis evrokavSiris moTxovnebis Sesabamisad (Börzel and Risse, 2003). udavoa, rom evropeizaciis Sedegebis kvleva uaRresad mniSvnelovania, Tumca politikis mecnierebisgan gansxvavebiT, sociologebi gvTavazoben yuradRebis gamaxvilebas ara mx-olod adaptaciaze, aramed evrointegraciis procesis `gamoy-enebaze~, rac ganmsazRvrelad miaCniaT transformaciis pro-cesis asaxsnelad. rogorc SesavalSi aRiniSna, `gamoyenebis~ qveS igulisxmeba rogorc aqtorebis strategiuli interaqcia evropul institutebTan, ise am `gamoyenebis~, rogorc yovel-dRiuri praqtikis, gavlena aqtorTa interesebsa da idento-bebze (Jacquot and Woll, 2003, 3), rac radaelis zemoxsenebul definiciaSic aris xazgasmuli.

evropeizaciaze saubrisas or fazas ganasxvaveben: gawevri-anebamde da gawevrianebis Semdgom. am fazebs ukavSirdeba EU

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Acquis ganviTarebis ori etapi _ standartebis gadmotanisa da danergvis. standartebis gadmotana da danergva, erTi mxriv, evrokavSiridan an qveynis Signidan imarTeba, meore mxriv ki, `mizezSedegobriobis logikas~ an `Sesabamisobis logikas~ efuZneba (Schimmelfenning, 2012, 6).

mizezSedegobriobis logikis Tanaxmad, evropeizaciis pro-cess evrokavSiris mxridan pirobiTobis meqanizmi warmarTavs, rac sanqciebisa da jildos principzea agebuli. pirobiToba SeiZleba iyos negatiuri, vTqvaT, evrokavSiris mxridan muqara bilateraluri SeTanxmebebis SeCerebisa, mxardaWeris Senel-ebisa da politikuri sanqciebis ganxorcielebisa (mag.: vizal-iberalizaciis dabrkoleba); SesaZloa, evrokavSirma pozitiuri pirobiToba gamoiyenos, anu daajildovos ama Tu im qveynis progresi Sida bazarSi ufro swrafi integraciiT, savizo re-Jimis gamartivebiT da a.S. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokav-Siri yovelmxriv erideba negatiuri pirobiTobis gamoyenebas da umetesad pozitiur pirobiTobas iyenebs, rogorc politikuri cvlilebebisTvis biZgis mimcem mTavar meqanizms (Borzel, 2015, 21).

Sesabamisobis logikis Tanaxmad ki, evropeizaciis procesis warmmarTvelia socialuri daswavla Tu socializacia: samizne qveynebi rwmundebian evrokavSiris normebis sargeblianobaSi, Tu es normebi legitimurad miaCniaT da Tu sakuTari Tavis evrokavSirTan identificirebas axdenen (Schimmelfenning, 2012, 7). miCneulia, rom socializaciis process kandidati da wev-robis msurveli qveynebisTvis arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs, maTi aRiarebisa da wevrobis legitimaciis mizniT (Stivachtis, 2006). qveynebis socializaciis procesSi ori mniSvnelovani kompo-nentia: a) gawevrianebamde qveyanam sakuTari Tavis momzadebaze unda izrunos, raTa gawevrianebisTanave SeZlos dakisrebuli movaleobebis da pasuxismgeblobebis Sesruleba da b) qveyanam saerTaSoriso sazogadoebas unda daumtkicos, rom is Rirseu-li potenciuri wevri-saxelmwifoa. Tumca, SesaZloa, politi-kuri elita imdenad orientirdes sasurvel performansze, rom realurad ki ar aRelvebdes evropeizaciis xelSewyoba, aramed moCvenebiTi efeqti Seqmnas, sakuTari qveynis ukeTesi pozici-rebisa da mosalodneli jildos swrafad misaRebad (Schimmelf-ennig, 2012). amdenad, aucilebelia, rom socializaciis process

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garkveuli `kognituri cvlileba~ axldes, raTa evropeizacia mxolod qaRaldze ar darCes (Sotiropoulos, 2004, 267).

evrokavSiris normebis aTviseba, SesaZloa, evrokavSiris mxridan pirobiTobis an socializaciis gamo ki ar xdebodes, aramed imitom, rom qveyana ukmayofilo iyos marTvis adgi-lobrivi sistemiT, imavdroulad, qmediTad da warmatebulad miaCndes evrokavSiris garkveuli regulaciebi da swored maTi gadmoRebiT cdilobdes adgilobrivi problemebis mogvare-bas. es procesi cnobilia saxelwodebiT `evropeizacia ev-rokavSiris gareSe~ (Irondelle, 2003). Tumca, rogorc kvlevebi aCvenebs, msgavsi movlena gamonakliss ufro warmoadgens da evrointegraciis msurveli qveynebis qmedebebs, rogorc aR-mosavleT gafarToebis, ise samezoblo politikis SemTxvevaSi, umetesad, pirobiTobis meqanizmi warmarTavs (Schimmelfennig, 2010; Sedelmeier, 2011).

pirobiTobis faqtori gansakuTrebiT Zlieria gawevri-anebamde fazaze, rac miznad isaxavs, rom administraciulma struqturebma adgilobrivi sakanonmdeblo CarCos evrokav-Siris kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis procesi gaakontro-lon (Maniokas, 2009). aRmoCnda, rom samezoblo politikis qveynebisTvis aqtiurad muSaobs TviTpirobiTobis meqanizmic, rac niSnavs, rom qveynebi, romelTac evrokavSiris wevroba surT, ise iqcevian, TiTqos isini meti pirobiTobis farglebSi ganixilebian, agzavnian signalebs, rom mzad arian, SeuerTd-nen wevrebs da cdiloben, evrokavSiri daarwmunon, rom isini kandidatebad ganixilos (Schimmelfennig, 2010, 15). amasTan, sa-mezoblo politikis qveynebSi evrokavSiris normebis danerg-vis maRali mzaobaa iq, sadac imedi aqvT, rom samomavlod ev-rokavSiris wevrebi gaxdebian (Sedelmeier, 2011; Schimmelfennig, 2012; Borzel, 2015). sxva SemTxvevaSi, evrokavSiris wesebze ori-entireba am qveynebSi damokidebulia evrokavSirze asimetri-uli damokidebulebis xarisxsa da Sesabamis `vaWrobis unarze~, romelzec, arsebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad, evrointegraciis msurveli qveynis zoma, ekonomikuri siZliere, marTvis sistema da proevropuli/evroskeptikuri ganwyobebis arseboba axdens gavlenas. aRmoCnda, rom ufro patara, mdidari, kargad marTu-li da evroskeptikuri kandidatebi `vaWrobis~ ukeTesi unariT

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gamoirCevian, Sesabamisad, evrokavSiris mxridan met SeRavaTeb-sac iReben (Zhelyazkova, Borzel, Schimmelfennig and Sedelmeire, 2015).

swored evrokavSiris samezoblo politika unda ganvixi-loT saqarTvelos msgavsi qveynebisTvis evropeizaciis Car-Cod (Schimmelfennig, 2012), romlis pirobebSic sami principi moqmedebs: 1. politikuri pirobiTobis gamoyeneba, rogorc normebis gavrcelebis mTavari instrumenti. aq mTavar prin-cipad `diferenciacia~ miiCneva, rac gulisxmobs, rom evroka-vSiris regulaciebi Tanabrad ar vrceldeba evrointegraciis yvela msurvelze. diferenciacia ori formiT gamoixateba: evrokavSiris mxridan SeRavaTebiTa da diskriminaciiT. bune-brivia, rom integraciis msurveli qveynebi cdiloben maqsi-maluri SeRavaTebis miRebas da diskriminaciis aridebas, rac maT heterogenulobasa (evrokavSiris wevrebisgan gansxvavebu-lobasa) da zemoxsenebuli `vaWrobis unarzea~ damokidebuli. rac ufro maRalia heterogenuloba da sustia `vaWrobis un-ari~, miT metad aqvs adgili diferencirebul integracias (Zhe-lyankova et al., 2015, 21); 2. evrokavSiris mcdeloba, am qveynebSi liberaluri Rirebulebebi gaavrcelos, rac mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli rogorc adgilobriv veto moTamaSeebze (magaliTad, evraziuli kavSiris momxreebze), ise politikuri elitis mxridan evrokavSirTan `normatul Sejibrze~ (magali-Tad, saqarTvelo cdilobs misTvis ZviradRirebuli evro-puli politikis gatarebas, iqceva ra ise, TiTqos wevrobis aSkara perspeqtiva hqondes) (Borzel, 2015, 24)). rogorc kvlevebi aCvenebs, evrokavSiris gavlenis mimarT qveyana miT ufro Riaa, rac ufro sustia misi institutebi da rac ufro motivirebu-lia EU Acquis miiRos, rogorc nimuSi adgilobrivi kanonmde-blobis gasamarTad (Maniokas, 2009); 3. aRmosavleT partnioro-bis qveynebSi dagegmvis, angariSgebis da mxardaWeris msgavsi procedurebis gamoyeneba, rac centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis kandidat qveynebSi iqna gamoyenebuli. Tumca, unda aRiniSnos, rom `aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebSi evro-kavSiris normebis da Rirebulebebis rezonansi Sida insti-tutebTan bevrad dabalia, vidre centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebSi, radgan aRmosavleT partniorobis qveynebis ,megobrebad’ da ,mezoblebad’ gamocxadebiT [Tundac egidiT

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,privilegirebuli partnioroba mezoblebTan’], evrokavSirma naTlad gamoxata, rom maT ,klubis wevrebad’ ar ganixilavs~ (Borzel, 2015, 23).

warmodgenili konteqstis gaTvaliswinebiT unda gavaanal-izoT Cveni empiriuli kvlevis monacemebi. rogorc kvle-vis Sedegebi adasturebs, saqarTveloSi evropeizaciis warm-marTveli meqanizmia pirobiToba da ara socializacia an evro-peizacia evrokavSiris gareSe. marTalia, asocirebis xelSek-ruleba ganxilulia, rogorc mTavari samoqmedo dokumenti Tu qveynis `modernizaciis gegma~, romlis Sesrulebamac nanatri cvlilebebi unda moitanos saSinao da sagareo politikis TvalsazrisiT, magram aRniSnulia, rom regulaciebis amoq-medeba da standartebis damkvidreba swored imis gamo xdeba, rom amas asocirebis xelSekruleba avaldebulebs qveyanas da Zalian iSviaTad imis gamo, rom politikis Semqmnelebi maTi damkvidrebis aucileblobas xedaven. marTalia, gacnobierebu-lia araerTi standartisa Tu regulaciis mniSvneloba, magram, dominanturi diskursis Tanaxmad, maT amoqmedebaze muSaoba swored imitom daiwyo, rom es ukve xelSekrulebiTaa gamyare-buli.

`am standartebis danergva aucilebelia romelime sferos ganviTarebisTvis da aucilebelia imitom, rom evrokavSiri iTxovs amas. Cven SegveZlo es procesi dagvewyo 2-3 wlis Sem-deg, magram, radgan gvaqvs asocirebis SeTanxmeba, sadac es valdebulebebi aviReT, axla viwyebT am process~ (n.d., samTav-robo struqtura).

amis sapirispirod, gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom is, rac saqarTvelos progresisTvisaa saWiro da is, rac asocirebis dokumentSia gawerili, erTmaneTs emTxveva. qarTuli mxare siaxleebs nergavs ara xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebis valde-bulebis gamo, aramed imitom, rom es mas `awyobs.~ aqve isic xazgasmulia, rom yvela norma rodia gawerili, Tundac Rrma da yovlismomcveli Tavisufali savaWro sivrcis SeTanxmebaSi (DCFTA), magram, vinaidan xelisuflebis mier gacnobierebulia sxvadasxva sferoSi reformebis gatarebis aucilebloba, Se-sabamisi samuSaoebic dawyebulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom yvela

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sfero regulaciebis evrokavSirTan TanxmobaSi moyvanas ar iTvaliswinebs, cvlilebebi, romelTa ganxorcielebazec muS-aoben, isev evropul standartebTan miaxloebas gulisxmobs.

èrTi da igivea daaxloebiT. zustad imitom aris Rirebu-li evrointegaracia, rom emTxveva Cveni ganviTarebis prior-itetebs; Sesabamisad, reformebi imitom ki ar xorcieldeba, rom maincdamainc evrokavSiris moTxovnebia, aramed imitom, rom qveynis modernizaciisTvis aris saWiro~ (b.S., samTavrobo struqtura).

àr vici, yvela sferoze ver vityvi, magram, vTqvaT, sursa-Tis uvneblobaSi aris raRac sakiTxebi, romlebic ar Sedis ev-rokavSiris aproqsimaciis gegmaSi, magram Cveni xelisufleba acnobierebs, rom am sferoebSic saWiroa reformebis ganxor-cieleba, da Sesabamisad, ra reformebic ganxorcieldeba, Tu normatiuli aqtebi SemuSavdeba, cxadia, rom es normatiuli aqtebi unda iyos SesabamisaobaSi, ar vambob 100%-iT, magram ev-ropuli normebis analogi unda iyos. es winswreba ki ar aris, aramed obieqturi realobidan da Cveni saWiroebebidan gamom-dinare xdeba~ (z.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

aq, TiTqos, gatarebulia evrokavSiris gareSe evropeizaciis idea, Tumca, roca politikosebisa da eqspertebis narativebs vuRrmavdebiT, vrwmundebiT, rom reformebis gatarebis mTa-vari motivi swored pirobiTobaa, romelic xSirad TviTpiro-biTobis formasac iRebs, raTa qveyanam scados evrokavSiris darwmuneba rogorc integraciis Zlier survilSi, ise mzady-ofnaSi. am konteqstSi, aucilebelia ori qvediskursis gamo-yofa: erTis Tanaxmad, cvlilebebi qarTul mxares àwyobs~, ramdenadac es qveyanas evropasTan aaxloebs da mas SeuZlia garkveuli jildos Tu sargeblis miRebis molodini hqondes:

`mowonebaze ar aris, Cven ki ar vawonebT [evrokavSirs Tavs], Cven gvawyobs. nebismieri standarti, nebismieri raRaca, rasac Cven vakeTebT, vakeTebT imisTvis, rom amis sanacvlod raRacas viRebT da amis sanacvlod Cven viRebT imas, rom, erTi, Tavisu-fali vaWroba anu Cveni eqsportis SesaZleblobebi gaizardos evrokavSirSi da, meore, Cveni adamianebis gadaadgileba gaum-

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jobesdes evrokavSirSi, mesame, evrokavSiridan miviRoT meti daxmareba _ finansuri, teqnikuri, politikuri mxardaWera mivi-RoT, rac aucilebelia CvenTvis; gaizardos Cveni evrokavSirSi integraciis perspeqtiva, anu es yvelaferi aris is, rac Cven unda miviRoT aqedan~ (l.d., eqsperti, saxelmwifo struqtura).

meore qvediskursis Tanaxmad ki, romelic, umetesad, sapar-lamento umciresobis pozicias gamoxatavs, asocirebis SeTanx-mebiT gawerili regulaciebis amoqmedeba politikuri miznebi-dan gamomdinare xdeba. amis magaliTad yvelaze xSirad mauwye-blobis Sesaxeb kanonSi Setanili cvlilebebi mohyavT, ramac Sedegad erT-erT yvelaze reitingul, opoziciur, `erTian nacionalur moZraobasTan~ asocirebul `rusTavi 2”-s miayena dartyma. xazgasmulia, rom am gadawyvetilebiT mmarTvelma koaliciam scada, finansurTan erTad, politikuri dartymac mieyenebina am telekompaniisTvis da, iribad, yvelaze reitin-guli opoziciuri ZalisTvis.

`dRevandelma xelisuflebamac erTxel ki gaavrcela, rom teqdaTvaliereba ar SemoviRoTo, magram maT ukve xalxisgan iseTi reaqcia miiRes, rom es advilad gadades. magram, meore mxriv, sadac awyobdaT, mauwyeblobis kanoni, rom ,rusTavi 2’ daezianebinaT, iq naCqarevadac miiRes, amitom am regula-ciebis ukan aris politikuri mizanSewoniloba~ (i.C., eqsperti, yofili xelisuflebis warmomadgeneli).

aq sainteresoa is faqti, rom yofili xelisuflebis warmo-madgeneli eqspertis mier mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb kanonSi ganxor-cielebuli cvlilebebi amJamindeli xelisuflebis politikuri TamaSis nawilad iqna Sefasebuli maSin, roca igive cvlileba neitraluri politikuri poziciis mqone eqspertis mier dan-axul iqna, rogorc evrokavSirisTvis Tavis mowonebis magaliTi.

`5 weli gvqonda vada kanonze reklamis Sesaxeb da es raRac-nairad Tavis mowonebaa, rom Cven axlave aseTi ram gavakeTeT, moCvenebiToba rasac qvia~ (T.e., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo or-ganizacia).

rogorc wesi, evrokavSiris regulaciebis amoqmedebis sakiTxi gansxvavebuladaa danaxuli wina da arsebuli xelisu-

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flebis warmomadgenlebis mier. Tu `qarTuli ocnebis~ war-momadgenlebi am standartebis danergvas qveynis progresSi wvlilis Setanad afaseben, `erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~ warmomadgenlis Tanaxmad, arsebuli xelisufleba `stand-artebs argebs ara saWiroebebs, aramed politikur dRis wes-rigs~ (d.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba). amdenad, respondenti moqmed xelisuflebas warmoaCens, rogorc prag-matul, Tumca, imavdroulad, araefeqtian moTamaSes, romelic qveynis sociekonomikur gamowvevebs ver umklavdeba.

`rac Seexeba kanonmdeblobaze morgebas, mTavrobas msgavsi improvizaciis unari ar gaaCnia. Cveni mTavroba axorcielebda am regulaciebis morgebas ise, rom ar daezianebina Cveni eko-nomikuri zrda, rasac eseni dRes ver akeTeben~ (d.l., poli-tikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

kvlevaSi monawile eqsperts konkretuli magaliTic mohyavs imis saCveneblad, rom wina da arsebuli xelisufleba evropuli standartebis dasanergad gansxvavebul midgomebs iyenebdnen. kerZod, saubaria konkurenciis saagentos damoukidebel struqturad gardaqmnaze, romelic, eqspertuli SefasebiT, wina xelisuflebis pirobebSi mxolod garegnulad Seicvala, gadaerqva saxeli da gaZlierda Sesyidvebis saagento, magram qmedeba ar Secvlila; arsebuli xelisuflebis pirobebSi ki am kanonze muSaoba zedmetad gaxangrZlivda. Sesabamisad, respon-dentis daskvniT, problema isaa, rom wina xelisuflebis qmede-bebi `evropis dasanaxad~ xorcieldeboda da ufro performa-tiuli xasiaTis iyo, amJamindeli xelisuflebis qmedebebi ki nakleb Tanmimdevrulia.

`momeCvena, rom saSinlad gaiwela. wina xelisuflebis dros es cvlilebebi gatarda evropis dasanaxad, mere meCveneba, rom zedmetad gaiwela am xelisuflebis dros... me mgonia, rom survili aris, rom gajansaRdes da raRac gakeTdes, amisTvis mwyobr da Tanmimdevrul nabijebs ver vxedav~ (f.m., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

aq kvlav dgeba sakiTxi, xdeba Tu ara standartebis amoqmede-ba imitom, rom wina Tu arsebuli xelisufleba maT mizanSewoni-

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lad Tu misabaZad miiCneven. kvlevaSi monawile politikosebi cdiloben, evrokavSiris mocemuli `saSinao davalebis~ dis-kurss gaemijnon da xazi gausvan, rom es yvelaferi, realurad, saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis keTildReobisTvis keTdeba. Sei-Zleba vivaraudoT, rom am gziT isini cdiloben, gaaneitralon evrokavSiris da masTan asocirebiT uzrunvelyofili sike-Teebis mimarT arsebuli utilitaruli damokidebuleba, maT narativebSi socializaciis aucileblobis xazgasmiT. amdenad, erTi mxriv, isini emijnebian evrokavSiris pirobiTobis gad-amwyveti mniSvnelobis ideas, Tumca, meore mxriv, swored am pirobiTobis upiratesobas usvamen xazs, roca aRniSnaven, Tu rogori `biZgis mimcemi~ faqtoria evropeizaciisTvis saqarT-veloSi evrokavSiris `saSinao davalebebi.”

`Cven mainc fokusireba sakuTar saxelmwifoze, sakuTr moqalaqeebze unda gavakeToT. es saxelmwifo, romelic iqneba mimzidveli, aseTi unda iyos ara viRacisTvis Tavis mosawone-blad, aramed sakuTari moqalaqeebisTvis~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

`Zalian ar momwons, rodesac ,saSinao davalebaze’ vsau-brobT. es viRacisTvis ar keTdeba; es, pirvel rigSi, keTdeba Cveni moqalaqeebisTvis, maTi keTildReobisTvis. Tu es ,sa-Sinao davaleba’ ufro met biZgs miscems da gamosadegi iqneba integraciuli procesebisTvis, ra Tqma unda, kargia~ (z.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

rac Seexeba eqspertTa mosazrebebs, isini Riad aRniSnaven, rom axali standartebis damkvidrebisas gadamwyveti swored asocirebis xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebia. rom ara mkacrad gansazRvruli normebi, eqspertebs eWvi eparebaT, rom msgavs cvlilebebs qarTuli mxare Tavad ganaxorcielebda.

`am valdebulebis gareSec unda gvqondes survili, rom am modelisken viaroT, magram Tanamdebobis pirebis mier gadadg-muli nabijebi valdebulebebis gareSe CemTvis cnobili ar aris. amitom es valdebulebebi CvenTvis sasicocxloa imitom, rom qveyanam ar Seanelos am mimarTulebiT svla~ (m.i., eqsper-ti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

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swored am konteqstSi xazgasmulia, rom, marTalia, mniS-vnelovania valdebulebebis gareSec cvlilebebis ganxor-cieleba, magram es `zewola~ aucilebelia, radgan is `saqa-rTvelos modernizaciisTvis biZgis mimcemi faqtoria~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia). amdenad, evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxorcieleba im ìZulebiT~ meqa-nizmad miiCneva, rasac saqarTvelo `nebayoflobiT~ mimarTavs, rom progresi ganicados. sainteresoa, rom aRniSnul konte-qstSi, ìZulebiTi~ da `nebayoflobiTi~ meqanizmebi urTierT-gamomricxavad ki ar ganixileba, aramed logikurad urTierT-dakavSirebulad.

erTaderTi konkretuli magaliTi, romelic eqspertebs èv-rokavSiris gareSe evropeizaciis~ procesis nimuSad mohyavT, erT-erT energokompaniaSi asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmow-eramde gadadgmul nabijebs exeba, sadac evrokavSiris progra-mis daxmarebiT, kompaniam saproeqto samsaxuri gadaaxalisa da axal standartebze gadavida.

`daproeqtebis TvalsazrisiT, gadavediT evropul da amerikul standartebze. aravis ar dauvalebia, magram bedni-erad vgrZnobT Tavs, rom es gavakeTeT. Cven rom axla tenders vacxadebT, Turquli kompaniac monawileobs, inglisuric, germanulic da a.S. ver monawileobs ukraina, is qveynebi, rom-lebic Zvel standartebze arian. aravis dauvalebia, magram CvenTan ukve Camoyalibda Zalian maRali inteleqtis mqone potenciali saproeqtoSi, riTac vamayobT. aravis dauvale-bia, Tumca Cven gamoviyeneT INOGATE-is programa, evrokavSiris programaa da vTxoveT, dagvxmareboda; vuTxariT, an gadagvi-Targmne, an mogvawode da Cven gamoviyeneT es daxmareba~ (i.d., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

rogorc aRiniSna, amgvari SemTxveva gamonaklisia da naTe-lia, rom qarTul realobaSi evropeizaciis wamyvani meqanizmi swored pirobiTobaa, romelic xarjTsargeblianobis prin-cipze agebul, mizezSedegobriobis logikas efuZneba. rogorc Cans, politikuri aqtorebisTvis gacilebiT mniSvnelovania, icodnen, rom valdebulebebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi sanqciebi eliT an jildos ver miiReben, vidre sakuTari Tavi

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daarwmunon, rom procesi grZelvadian sargebelzea orien-tirebuli. swored moklevadian sargeblze fokusireba xdeba araswori molodinebis Seqmnis safuZveli, romelTa gaumar-Tlebloba evropeizaciis procesis xedvaze negatiur gavle-nas axdens. am ukanasknelis magaliTia rigis samiti (22.05.2015), romelsac mmarTveli politikuri elitis araerTi gancxadeba uZRoda win, rom vizaliberalizaciis sakiTxze saqarTvelosT-vis pozitiuri gadawyvetileba iqneboda miRebuli. miuxedavad imisa, rom rogorc adgilobrivi, aseve ucxoeli eqspertebis analizi samitamde mowmobda, rom rigis samiti saqarTvelosT-vis vizaliberalizaciiT ar dasruldeboda, politikurma eli-tam sazogadoebaSi araswori molodinis Seqmnas Seuwyo xeli, ramac, savaraudod, ara mxolod mmarTveli gundisadmi ndobas miayena ziani, aramed evrokavSirisadmi skeptikurad ganwyo-bilTa ricxvis zrdasac ubiZga.

evropeizacia: sargebeli-danakargis Sefaseba

samecniero literaturis Tanaxmad, evropeizacia axal re-alobas qmnis, romelic socialuri, politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli sivrcis Zireul rekonfiguracias gulisxmobs (Trenz, 2011, 213). evropeizaciis mravalmxrivi gavlenis Sedegad miRebul `axal realobaze~ isaubres Cvenma respondentebmac, gaamaxviles ra yuradReba am procesis mosalodnel sargebelsa Tu safrTxeebze. maTi msjelobis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia sami tipis sargebelze visaubroT: politikurze, ekonomikurze da kulturulze.

politikuri da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, evropeizacia SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc evrokavSiris normatuli da sa-bazro gafarToeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, modernizaciis procesad aRiqmeba: ekonomikurad nakleb ganviTarebuli qveynebi finansur mxardaWeras iReben, raTa wevr qveynebSi arsebul socialur da politikur standartebs miuaxlovdnen (Schimmelfennig and Sedel-meier, 2005; Vachodova, 2005; Grabbe, 2006; Curzio and Fortiz, 2008). kulturuli TvalsazrisiT, evropeizacia ganixileba, rogorc `mzardi transnacionalizmi, rac gulisxmobs kulturuli

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normebis, ideebis, identobebisa da qcevis nimuSebis difuzias kros-nacionalur doneze, evropis SigniT~ (Featherstone, 2003, 7). evropeizacia gulisxmobs process, romlis gavleniTac Tanamedrove evropaSi identobebi icvleba, rac yoveldRiuri cxovrebis wesis, Cveulebebis, ideebis cvlilebiT gamoixateba.

Cveni kvlevis monawileTa mierac evropeizaciis politi-kur sargeblad qveyanaSi demokratiuli institutebis da mo-qalaqeze orientirebuli politikis ganviTareba ganixileba, erovnuli sakanonmdeblo CarCos evropul kanonmdeblobasTan harmonizaciis gziT. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, araerTxel gaesva xazi qveynis usafrTxoebis gaZlierebis sakiTxs. rac Seexeba am procesis Tanmdev politikur safrTxeebs, aRiniSna saxelmwifoebrivi suverenitetis Semcirebis riski, Tundac da-moukidebeli politikuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebis Tvalsaz-risiT; Tumca, aRniSnulis sapirwoned moyvanilia argumenti, rom, erTi mxriv, asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxorcieleba qveyanaSi politikuri stabilurobis garantia, meore mxriv ki, evropuli Tanamegobrobis mxardaWeris gareSe, qveyanas saer-TaSoriso safrTxeebTan, gansakuTrebiT ruseTis eqspansias-Tan, damoukideblad gamklaveba ar ZaluZs.

`politikuri kuTxiT, es aris Cveni stabiluri politikuri ganviTarebis erT-erTi garanti, calsaxad. amaSi igulisxmeba is, rom qveyanas esaWiroeba asocirebis xelSekrulebis imple-mentacia, es aris politikurad stabiluri situacia~ (t.l., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

`msoflioSi arsebul gamowvevebs [saqarTvelo] damoukide-blad ver gaumklavdeba. amitom mniSvnelovania, rom inkor-porirebuli iyos iseT did gaerTianebaSi, rogoricaa evroka-vSiri~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

ekonomikuri sargeblis mxriv aRniSnulia, rom evropeizaci-is procesi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri modernizaciis realur SesaZleblobas sTavazobs, rac erovnul ekonomikur sistemaSi evrokavSiris standartebis danergviT da adgilobriv bazarze monopoliis minimumamde dayvaniT miiRweva. aRniSnuli miRweve-bi ki, Tavis mxriv, qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReobis safuZ-vlad moiazreba, gansakuTrebiT adgilobrivi produqciis

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msoflioSi erT-erT yvelaze did, evropul bazarze eqsportis SesaZleblobidan gamomdinare. respondentebi saubroben im wi-naRobebzec, rac saqarTvelos ekonomikur modernizacias Tan axlavs, Tumca aRniSnuls ara `danakargs~, aramed `sirTules~ (magaliTad, korufciasTan brZola) da `mtkivneul reformas~ (magaliTad, warmoebis da produqtis fasis gaZvireba) uwode-ben, rac gamowveulia sargeblis SedarebiT grZelvadian per-speqtivaSi miRebiT, iqneba es xarisxiani produqcia Tu qvey-nis saeqsporto potencialis ganviTareba, rasac mTliani Sida produqtis zrdac unda mohyves.

`sakmaod didia safasuri. aq pirdapir ukavSirdeba re-formebs, sakmaod mtkivneul reformebsac, romlebic asoci-rebis farglebSi unda ganxorcieldes, egreve ar moaqvs Sedegi da aqvs safrTxeebic. magaliTad, nebismier maregulirebelTan dakavSirebuli cvlilebebis farglebSi SeiZleba gagrZeldes korufcia; magaliTad, sursaTis uvneblobis reforma Sei-Zleba ukavSirdebodes produqtis gaZvirebas. cxadia, xarisxi gaumjobesdeba, magram moimatebs fasi da es mtkivneuli iqneba~ (t.l., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

`moklevadian perspeqtivaSi, garkveul sirTuleebTan Sei-Zleba iyos dakavSirebuli imitom, rom gviwevs reformebis gatareba. zogierT sferoSi Zalian sensitiuri reformebi iqneba da, ra Tqma unda, es reformebi umtkivneulod ver Caiv-lis. zogma SeiZleba am reformebis fonze garkveuli danakar-gi ganicados, mewarmeebi myavs mxedvelobaSi, magram, saboloo jamSi, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi, es qveyanas win waiyvans da bevrad met sargebels moutans~ (e.T., politikosi, saparla-mento umciresoba).

saqarTvelosTvis evropeizaciidan miRebul umTavres kul-turul sargeblad erovnuli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebis realuri SesaZlebloba miiCneva, gansakuTrebiT ruseTis eqs-pansiis safrTxis pirobebSi. amasTan, evrokavSiris farglebSi arsebuli multikulturalizmi respondentebs swored qar-Tuli identobis da kulturuli Taviseburebebis SenarCunebis garantad esaxebaT da ara erovnulisTvis safrTxed.

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`rac Seexeba kulturas, vfiqrob, rom evrointegracia saSu-alebas iZleva Cveni kulturuli Taviseburebebis, erovnuli identobis farTo gavrcelebisa imitom, rom evrokavSiri aris 28 qveynis erToba, romelic aris kulturulad, eTnikurad da politikurad Zalian mravalferovani. isini Zalian kargad da mSvidad grZnoben Tavs erTad. evrokavSiris lozungic swored es aris: èrToba mravalferovnebaSi~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasam-Tavrobo organizacia).

aRsaniSnavia, rom kvlevaSi monawile politikosebi da eqspertebi evrokavSirs qarTuli sazogadoebis resocializa-ciis mniSvnelovan agentad ganixilaven. aRniSnulze miuTiTebs maT mier evrointegraciis, rogorc `mentaluri moderniza-ciis~ procesis aRqma. es ukanaskneli ganixileba, rogorc qva-kuTxedi qveyanaSi instituciuri reformebis warmatebiT da, rac mTavaria, gaazrebulad ganxorcielebisTvis. `mentaluri modernizaciis~ indikatorebad adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da samarTlianobis, kanonierebis saxelmwifo prioritetad gadaqceva, agreTve socialuri pasuxismgeblobis ganviTareba saxeldeba. am mizniT ki, iseve mniSvnelovnad miiCneva Sesabamisi `Rirebulebebis kultivireba~, rogorc adgilobrivi struq-turebis evrokavSiris standartebis safuZvelze transforma-cia. xazgasmulia, rom `mentaluri modernizacia~ aucilebelia, rom evropeizacia mxolod ritorikul strategiad ar darCes, aramed sazogadoebis realuri transformacia moaxdinos, anu formaluri da diskursuli donidan qceviT doneze gadainacv-los (Schimmelfennig and Sedelmeier, 2005, 8).

èvropeizacias ori ganzomileba aqvs: erTi, es aris evro-peizacia adamianebis, maTi mentalobis, maTi TviTSegnebis, maTi damokidebulebis garemosTan, adamianebTan, sazogadoe-basTan da a.S. meore, es aris instituciuri cvlilebebi, anu is, rac dakavSirebulia qveynis transformaciasTan, insti-tutebis reformirebasTan da iseT cvlilebebTan, romelic qveyanas evrokavSirTan Tavsebad qveynad aqcevs~ (l.d., sax-elmwifo struqtura).

ès aris unikaluri Sansi Cveni qveynisaTvis, Cveni moqa-laqeebisaTvis, rom moxdes mentaluri modernizacia da aman

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daaCqaros is Sida reformebi, romelTa gareSec evropeizaciac da asocirebis xelSekrulebac iqneba carieli sityvebi~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

asocirebis xelSekrulebis danergvis warmatebuli da warumatebeli SemTxvevebi

rogorc kvlevebi adasturebs, rac ufro gansxvavdeba ev-rokavSirSi gawevrianebis msurveli qveynebis politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturuli Taviseburebebi evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis msgavsi maxasiaTeblebisgan, miT meti wnexis qveS xvdebian isini, rom erovnuli standartebi evrokavSiris standartebTan SesabamisobaSi moiyvanon (Grabbe, 2003; Sedel-meier, 2011; Schimmelfenning, 2012). aseT pirobebSi, evrokavSiris mimarTeba kandidat da aplikant qveynebTan asimetriulia, ra-sac mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs maT Soris mimzidvelobis asi-metria (Tsuladze, forthcoming): isini Tanaxma arian Tundac Zvir-adRirebuli reformebis ganxorcielebaze, radgan evrokavSiri bevrad mimzidvelia maTTvis, vidre isini _ evrokavSirisTvis. swored amgvari asimetriuli damokidebuleba aZlevs evrokav-Sirs saSualebas, Tavad iyos TamaSis yvela wesis damdgeni qvey-nebis evropeizaciis procesSi da aqtiurad gamoiyenos pirobi-Tobis meqanizmi (Grabbe, 2006, 37).

pirobiTobis ganxorcielebisas Zalian mniSvnelovania, rom is iyos cxadi, rac niSnavs, rom kandidatebma an aplikanteb-ma ician, ra unda gaakeTon imisaTvis, rom daakmayofilon ev-rokavSiris moTxovnebi. imavdroulad, pirobiToba unda iyos sando, anu kandidatebi an aplikantebi darwmunebulni unda iyvnen, rom miiReben dapirebul `jildoebs~ mas Semdeg, rac evrokavSiris moTxovnebs daakmayofileben (Grabbe, 2003). am konteqstSi, evropeizaciis mkvlevarebi saubroben gaurkvev-lobis Tu eWvis ramdenime ganzomilebaze, romelsac aplikanti qveynebi ganicdian: erTi eWvi ukavSirdeba evrokavSiris poli-tikis dRis wesrigs, rac ganpirobebulia rigi standartebis bundovanebiT; meore eWvi ukavSirdeba davalebaTa ierarqias, vinaidan davalebebis raodenoba didia da rTulia imis gansaz-

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Rvra, romeli maTgania ufro metad an naklebad prioritetu-li; mesame eWvi ki ukavSirdeba mocemuli dRis wesrigis ganxor-cielebis zust vadebs (iqve, 319-320).

zemoxsenebul eWvebs Cveni kvlevis Sedegebic asaxavs: evro-integraciis progresis Sefasebisas gamovlinda, rom kvlevis monawileTaTvis asocirebis xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebi, maTi ganxorcielebis qronologia da vadebi metad mniSvnelovani da, SeiZleba iTqvas, mtkivneuli sakiTxe-bia. respondentebma aRniSnes, rom asocirebis xelSekrulebis warmatebiT ganxorcielebisTvis mniSvnelovania cvlilebebis droSi mizanmimarTulad ganawileba, radgan `es aris ambici-uri gegma, aris gaTvlili saSualovadian perspeqtivaze da Tu amas davaCqarebT, SeiZleba, saboloo jamSi, warumatebeli aR-moCndes~ (n.d., samTavrobo struqtura).

kvlevis monawileebi did yuradRebas amaxvileben asoci-rebis dokumentiT gaTvaliswinebuli moTxovnebis Sesrulebis vadebzec. maT araerTxel aRniSnes vadebis xangrZlivoba (3-10 weli) da im regulaciebis raodenoba (saubaria 300-ze met sakanonmdeblo iniciativaze), romelic sxvadasxva mimarTule-biT, erovnul kanonmdeblobaSi unda aisaxos. samoqmedo gegmis Sesrulebis vadebTan dakavSirebiT miniSneba gakeTda saqarT-velos mxridan evrointegraciis procesis mimarT pasuxismge-blobiT savse da racionalur midgomaze da aRiniSna, rom `Cven romc gviTxran, asocirebis SeTanxmeba ganaxorciele 3 weli-wadSi da gaxdi evrokavSiris wevrio, yvela pasuxismgebliani politikosi, Zala da qveyana ityvis, rom amas 3 weliwadSi ar gaakeTebs imitom, rom is ganwiruli iqneba warumateblobisaT-vis~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

miuxedavad respondentTa rwmenisa, rom asocirebis SeTanx-mebiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela regulaciis Tanmimdevruli ganxorcieleba realisturia, maT mainc gaamaxviles yuradRe-ba ramdenime rTulad gansaxorcielebel reformaze. manqa-nebis teqdaTvaliereba aRiniSna, rogorc erT-erTi yvelaze mtkivneuli reforma. erT-erTma respondentma dasZina, rom aravis usurvebs 2018 wels xelisuflebaSi yofnas, swored am regulaciis amoqmedebis vadis gamo. aRiniSna, rom teqdaT-valierebis 2018 wlisTvis gadavadeba evrokavSiris mxridan

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mxardaWerili ar iyo, ekologiuri usafrTxoebis sakiTxidan gamomdinare, Tumca evrokavSirTan kompromisuli SeTanxmeba mainc Sedga.

sursaTis uvneblobac saxeldeba, rogorc rTulad gansax-orcielebeli reforma. aRiniSna, rom, erTi mxriv, ar arsebobs Sesabamisi infrastruqtura, xolo, meore mxriv, saqarTveloSi wamyvania ara industria, aramed soflis meurneoba; amdenad, ev-rokavSiris msgavsi regulaciebis daweseba, romelic warmoebul produqciaze mkacr kontrols iTvaliswinebs, uSualod mo-saxleobaze aisaxeba mtkivneulad. amitom sursaTis uvneblobis aRniSnuli reforma etapobriv ganxorcielebas saWiroebs.

`Cemi azriT, yvelaze mtkivneuli iqneba sursaTis uvne-blobis sferoSi gansaxorcielebeli reformebi, ramdena-dac es Seexeba mosaxleobis Zalian did nawils. saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesoba soflis meurneobis sferoSia dasaqmebuli, isini igZnoben am efeqts, amitom viyaviT Zalian frTxilebi, nel-nela da etapobrivad vcdilobT am regula-ciebis gatarebas. axlave rom daviwyoT imis kontroli, Tu erTi Zroxis patroni mas rogor wvelis da rogor inaxavs rZes, SeiZleba is produqti saerTod ver moxvdes bazarze. axla es kontroli Zalian negatiur Sedegs moitans, amitom unda iyos etapobrivi da droSi gawerili~ (n.d., samTavrobo struqtura).

Tumca, xelisuflebis mxridan `sifrTxiles Tavi ar stkiva~ poziciisgan gansxvavebiT, xarisxis kontrolis da sertifici-rebis organoebis SeqmnasTan dakavSirebiT sakmaod kritikul mosazrebebs gamoxataven damoukidebeli eqspertebi. maT miaC-niaT, rom saxelmwifo am mimarTulebiT saxsrebis gamoyofaze ar zrunavs, rac sursaTis uvneblobis reformis gatarebas af-erxebs, Sesabamisad, ferxdeba qarTuli produqtis evropul bazarze eqsportic. vinaidan sursaTis uvneblobis direqtiva gadmotanilia, magram mas ar aqvs uzrunvelyofa aRsrulebis meqanizmis saxiT, rac bazris kontrols gulisxmobs, erT-erTi arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgeneli eqsperti aRniSnavs, rom saqme gvaqvs evropuli direqtivis aRsrulebis mxolod deklarirebasTan, imis miuxedavad, rom xelmoweris dRidanve is moqmedebaSi unda mosuliyo.

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deklarirebis sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT, yuradReba unda gava-maxviloT EU acquis-is ganxorcielebis zemoxsenebul or etapze _ gadmotanis da danergvis. pirvel anu gadmotanis etapze `menejmenturi~ midgoma gadamwyvetia administraciuli Sesa-Zleblobebis Sesaqmnelad da gasaZliereblad, rac gulisxmobs, EU acquis-is gadmotanas erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis SesamuSave-blad da Sesrulebis monitoringisTvis specialuri samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo struqturebis Seqmnas. meore etapze warm-marTvelia `aRsrulebiTi~ midgoma, Tumca, SesaZloa Tavi iCi-nos mizanmimarTuli araRsrulebis an seleqciuri aRsrulebis tendenciam, ris gamoc EU acquis ufunqciod da formalobad darCes (Maniokas, 2009). rogorc interviuebis analizi cxady-ofs, eqpertebis ukmayofilebas swored saqarTvelos xelisu-flebis mxridan EU acquis-is mimarT arsebuli aRsrulebiTi mid-goma iwvevs, rac, Tavis mxriv, evrokavSiris direqtivebis mx-olod deklarirebuli saxiT SenarCunebas ganapirobebs.

`produqciis usafrTxoebasTan dakavSirebiT teqnikuri reglamentebi, romelSic aSkarad win waviwieT dokumentebis doneze, magram evropisTvis mxolod dokumenti ar aris mniS-vnelovani. [...] am direqtivebis gadmotanisasac miafuCeCes; es kanoni Seiqmna produqciis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofisT-vis, ubralod, deklarirebulad Caiwera, rom bazarze gamo-tanili produqcia usafrTxo unda iyos, magram direqtiva mxolod amas ar iTxovs, iTxovs amis uzrunvelyofas, anu produqcia unda mowmdebodes bazarze. bazris makontrole-beli saqarTvelos didi xani ar hyavda, magram radgan es di-reqtiva gadmoitanes, es unda Seqmniliyo. es bazris kontroli sadRac Soreul perspeqtivaSia, magram asocirebis xelSek-rulebaSi weria, rom, rogorc ki xelSekruleba ZalaSi Seva, es direqtiva unda iyos ganxorcielebuli~ (f.m., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

garda zemoaRniSnuli problemisa, yuradReba gamaxvilda korufciis gaRvivebis saSiSroebazec, rac qveyanaSi mareguli-rebuli organoebis xelaxal SeqmnasTan asocirdeba. amasTan, aRiniSna, rom am institutis ganaxleba produqtze fasebis zr-dis gamomwvevic SeiZleba gaxdes.

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`igive bazarze zedamxedvelobis strategia, anu mareguli-rebeli organoebis Seqmna da maTTvis axali mandatebis micema, rac CvenTan gauqmebuli iyo wlebis ganmavlobaSi da axla axl-idan xdeba da problemuria, radgan, erTi, es SeiZleba koruf-ciis wyaro iyos, meore, rom aman SeiZleba produqciis gaZvire-ba gamoiwvios~ (t.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

igive respondenti naTlad mianiSnebs im garemoebazec, rom asocirebis xelSekrulebis gansaxorcieleblad dadgenili va-debi, SesaZloa, xelisuflebis mier `borotad iqnas gamoyeneb-uli,~ rogorc piradi interesebis dakmayofilebis an politi-kur oponentebTan angariSsworebis instrumenti.

`magaliTad, erT-erTia cvlilebebi mauwyeblobis Sesaxeb kanonSi, romelic vaxsene kidec da aregulirebs reklamis sakiTxs. iq 2017 wlamde iyo vada, magram miiRes ucbad, savaraudod imis gamo, rom rusTavi 2-is finansuri problemebi Seqmniliyo. spe-cialurad ido xelSekrulebaSi muxli, romelic reklamas exebo-da, rom is yofiliyo ufro grZelvadiani. yvelas Seexo problema, magram rusTavi 2-s yvelaze metad, is yvelaze didi kompaniaa da, Sesabamisad, yvelaze masStaburadac mas Seexo. kanoni areguli-rebs reklamis dros saaTis ganmavlobaSi, praimtaimis drosac da mouwiaT amis Semcireba da bunebrivia, rom moaklda Semosavali~ (t.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

unda aRiniSnos, rom erovnuli sakanonmdeblo bazis evro-pulTan harmonizaciis warmatebuli SemTxvevebis Sefaseba gan-sxvavebulad xdeba saparlamento umravlesobis, umciresobisa da damoukidebeli eqspertebis mier. eqspertebisa da sapar-lamento umciresobis warmomadgenlebis mier dasaxelebuli, warmatebiT danergili regulaciebis CamonaTvali sakmaod mwir-ia da, umetesad, antidiskriminaciuli kanoniT Semoifargleba, romelic `ebrZvis sabWoTa memkvidreobas~ (n.S., eqsperti, umaR-lesi saswavlebeli). warmatebuli regulaciebis gacilebiT vr-cel CamonaTvals gvTavazoben saparlamento umravlesobis war-momadgenlebi, dawyebuli saxelmwifo marTvis mimarTulebiT ganxorcielebuli progresiT, damTavrebuli arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebiT da SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis sferoSi ganxorcielebuli sakanonmdeblo reformebiT.

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`me vfiqrob, rom reformebis TvalsazrisiTac Zalian bevri sakanonmdeblo cvlileba miviReT. arsebiTad Seicvala, vTqvaT, sisxlis samarTlis saproceso normebi, operatiul-samZebro saqmianobis Sesaxeb kanonis normebi, romelTa Tanaxmadac, fa-ruli miyuradebis wesebi Seicvala. Zalian mniSvnelovani iyo SezRuduli SesaZleblobebis sferoSi arsebuli kanonmde-blobis reforma. axla icvleba arasrulwlovanTa marTmsa-julebis kodeqsi, romelic absoluturad gansxvavebul wesebs adgens arasrulwlovanTa sakiTxebis ganxilvis dros sasamarT-loSi. aseve, vmuSaobT prokuraturisa da policiis reformaze. Cven axla isev SevcvaleT kanonmdebloba savizo reJimTan daka-vSirebiT da gavaumjobeseT, rac gvqonda pirveli miRebis Sem-deg~ (i.l., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

evropeizacia, rogorc politikis keTebis axali gamocdileba

evropeizaciis procesis kvlevisas avtorebi sami saxis kon-teqstze amaxvileben yuradRebas: istoriulze, kulturulze da politikurze. es ukanaskneli politikur institutebs moicavs da politikis evropuli standartebiT keTebas gu-lisxmobs, rac Sida politikur procesebze mniSvnelovan gav-lenas axdens da araerT transformacias iwvevs. radaeli (2003) oTx sferos gamoyofs, romlis farglebSic aRniSnuli trans-formaciebis empiriuli gazomvaa SesaZlebeli: interaqcia, Zala, balansi da diskursi.

interaqcia politikuri gamocdilebis sazomia da aRmas-rulebel organoebsa da sxva aqtorebs Soris urTierTobaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. aq transformaciis gazomva SeiZleba imis dadgeniT, ramdenad Zlieri xdeba (an ver xdeba) insti-tutebi sxva institutebTan interaqciis TvalsazrisiT. Tu politikuri gamocdileba institutsa da mis garemos Soris interaqcias asaxavs, Zala uSualod institutis SigniT arse-bul mdgomareobas zomavs. institutebis Sida struqturas aZlierebs gaumjobesebuli politikuri teqnologiebi da biurokratiuli aparati. balansis aucilebloba Cndeba ma-

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Sin, roca institutebi awydebian kriziss, romelic ar jdeba qmedebis standartul repertuarSi; Sedegad, maTi samoqmedo wesebi da normebi transformacias ganicdis. rac Seexeba dis-kurss, is fundamentur rols asrulebs rogorc axali wesebis, Rirebulebebis da praqtikebis formirebaSi, ise maTTvis le-gitimaciis miniWebaSi (Radaelli, 2003, 39-40). diskurss uaRresad didi mniSvneloba eniWeba evropeizaciis procesis Seswavli-sas, radgan, rogorc radaeli aRniSnavs, mas SeuZlia trans-formaciuli gavlena moaxdinos politikis yvela elementze: diskurss SeuZlia politikuri dilemis interpretaciis Secv-la; warmodgenis Secvla imis Sesaxeb, Tu ra aris politikuri dapirispirebis realuri mizezi; im politikuri interesebis Secvla, romelTac molaparakebebi efuZneba da, aseve, gadam-wyveti gavlenis moxdena evrokavSiris politikasTan dakav-Sirebuli calkeuli arCevanis legitimaciaze (iqve, 36).

miuxedavad evrokavSiris transformaciuli gavlenisa Sida politikis sxvadasxva aspeqtze, es gavlena qveynebis mixed-viT gansxvavebulia. avtorebi miiCneven, rom evrokavSiris moTxovnebis inkorporirebis saukeTeso SemTxveva an meti San-sia iq, sadac adgilobrivi sistema da institutebi evropu-lisgan radikalurad ar gansxvavdeba (Börzel and Risse, 2003). inkorporirebis procesSi aqtiurad erTvebian normaTa inter-pretatorebi da araformaluri institutebi. gansakuTrebiT sagulisxmoa normaTa interpretatorebis roli, romlebic iqcevian, rogorc cvlilebaTa agentebi,~ aqtiurad lobireben ra axal ideebs, regulaciebs da procedurebs (iqve, 67).

zemoxsenebul avtorTa xedvas Tu gamoviyenebT saqarT-veloSi arsebuli viTarebis gasaanalizeblad, sadac adgilo-brivi politikuri institutebi evropulisgan gansxvavdeba, SegviZlia vTqvaT, rom evrokavSiris moTxovnebis inkorpori-reba martivi procesi ar aris. Tumca, isic gasaTvaliswine-belia, rom ukanaskneli wlebis manZilze, adgilobrivi insti-tutebi aqtiurad muSaoben reformebze sxvadasxva sferoSi. metic, cvlilebaTa agentebad~ SeiZleba moviazroT sxvadasxva uwyebebSi sagangebod Seqmnili evropasTan urTierTobis de-partamentebi da is saagentoebi, romlebic asocirebis xelSek-rulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Sesrulebaze

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arian pasuxismgebelni. Tu arasamTavrobo seqtoris im nawil-sac gaviTvaliswinebT, romelic proevropul ideebs aqtiurad lobirebs (magaliTad, saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris samoqalaqo sazogadoebis platforma), SeiZleba iTqvas, rom es procesi neli tempiT, magram mainc progresirebs saqarTveloSi.

evropeizaciis Sida politikur procesebze gavlenis sfer-oebs rom davubrundeT da radaelis mier warmodgenili pirve-li kategoria _ interaqcia Tu politikuri gamocdileba _ ganvixiloT, politikosebTan da eqspertebTan Catarebuli in-terviuebidan gamovlenili ZiriTadi diskursis Tanaxmad, ev-rointegraciis procesi xels uwyobs partiebs Soris TanamS-romlobas, Tumca mxolod im partiebs Soris, romelTa sagareo politikis xedva msgavsia.

`Tu Tanxvedra aris politikur partiebs Soris, romlebsac deklarirebuli aqvT qveynis momavali da dakavSirebuli aqvT evrokavSirTan, es maT Tanaswori TanamSromlobisken ganawy-obs~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

`albaT im jgufebs, romlebsac erTnairi xedva aqvT, imaT kon-solidirebas uwyobs xels. im jgufebSi ki, romlebsac sxvadasxva xedva aqvs, ufro aRvivebs am dapirispirebas. gaaCnia, romel mx-ares xar da saidan Sexedav~ (n.d., samTavrobo struqtura).

am Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, partiebs Soris TanamSromloba damokidebulia xedvaze: evropa Tu ruseTi. xazgasmulia, rom evrointegraciis procesi xels uwyobs mxolod im partiebs So-ris TanamSromlobas, romlebic Tanxmdebian, rom evrostruq-turebSi integracia qveynis sagareo politikis prioritetia; xolo prorusul partiebTan maTi TanamSromloba SeuZlebelia.

amave kuTxiTaa danaxuli sxvadasxva politikur Tu social-ur instituts Soris interaqciac da aRniSnulia, rom evroin-tegraciis procesi aucileblad ar iwvevs maT Soris TanamS-romlobis gaZlierebas. amis magaliTad moyvanilia eklesia, ro-melic antidiskriminaciuli kanonis momxre ar yofila, magram evrokavSiris moTxovnis gamo, sakanonmdeblo organoebma misi argumentacia ar gaiTvaliswines da antidiskriminaciuli kanoni miiRes, ramac eklesiis mxridan sakanonmdeblo organoebis kri-tika gamoiwvia. partiuli poziciidan rom SevxedoT, antidis-

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kriminaciuli kanonis miReba moyvanilia, rogorc winaaRmdego-brivi SemTxveva, romelzec saparlamento opozicia acxadebda, rom bevri problema arsebobda, magram jobda, qveyanas hqonoda Tundac aseTi arasrulyofili varianti, vidre saerTod ar mie-Ro antidiskriminaciuli kanoni; rac Seexeba mmarTvel gunds, respondentebSi dominanturia mosazreba, rom misi warmomadgen-lebis didi nawili kanonis miRebis winaaRmdegi iyo, Tumca misi miReba mouwia swored evrokavSiris zewolis gamo.

`...anu gamodis, rom es adamianebi, vgulisxmob umravleso-bis umravlesobas, Sinaganad winaaRmdegobaSi modian evropul RirebulebebTan. ubralod, kargi zewolis pirobebSi, iZuleb-ulni arian, rom miiRon iseTi gadawyvetileba, rogorsac iRe-ben~ (n.o., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

sainteresoa, rom msgavs sakiTxze msjelobisas, kvlevaSi monawile politikosebi swored sakuTari partiis perspeqtividan cdiloben problemis warmoCenas. magaliTad, opoziciuri, pro-dasavluri partiis warmomadgeneli im `paradoqsuli~ viTarebis xazgasmas axdens, rom xelisufleba nakleb kritikulia e.w. pro-rusuli politikuri Zalebis (nino burjanaZe, patriotTa alian-si~) mimarT da sakmaod kritikuli _ prodasavluri partiebis (`erTiani nacionaluri moZraoba~, `Tavisufali demokratebi~) mimarT, da es xdeba im fonze, rodesac evropul da atlanti-kur struqturebSi integracias mmarTveli gundi prioritetad acxadebs. radgan am sakiTxis ganxilva, umetesad, viwro partiul WrilSi xdeba, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom amgvari diskursi swored sa-kuTari gundis, rogorc prodasavluris, pozicirebas emsaxure-ba, `latenturad prorusuli~ mmarTveli gundis sapirispirod.

`dRevandeli mTavroba acxadebs, rom misi prioritetia ev-rokavSiri, magram miuxedavad amisa, xSirad ver modis Tanxve-draSi da TanamSromlobaSi im partiebTan, romlebic igive prin-cipebze dganan~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

xazgasmulia is faqtic, rom mmarTvel koaliciaSi aris konkretuli jgufebi, romlebic ar eridebian sakuTari xedvis, rogorc prorusulis, amdenad, antidasavluris warmoCenas, rac, erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, problemaa, meoris Tanaxmad ki,

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problemas ar warmoadgens, radgan is am konkretuli partiis platformaa, romlis Sesaxebac amomrCevelma Tavidanve icoda da, amis miuxedavad, xma misca koalicias, romelsac sagareo kursad evrointegracia aqvs deklarirebuli.

`Tuki koaliciaa, koalicia unda iyos, erTi principebis garSemo gaerTianebuli. rodesac koaliciis erTi nawili gansx-vavebul principebze saubrobs, es aRar aris koalicia. maSin an erTi tyuis, an meore. SigniT, aseve, arian calkeuli individebi, politikuri figurebi, parlamentarebi, romlebic acxadeben, rom maTTvis evrokavSiri da evropuli faseuloba Rirebuli ar aris~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

am konteqstSi, saparlamento umciresobis warmomadgenlebi Zveli da axali xelisuflebis Sedarebas axdenen da Zveli xelisu-flebis Zlier mxared swored erTiani xedvis qona da koordini-rebuli saqmianoba miaCniaT, ris Tanamedrove pirobebSi naklebo-basac usvamen xazs. Tuki dRes raime winsvlas amCneven, amas ara arsebuli xelisuflebis politikur nebas, muSaobas, resursebis sworad gamoyenebas miaweren, aramed mxolod im valdebulebebs, romlebic qveyanas evrokavSiris winaSe aqvs aRebuli.

`evroparlamentis an evrokomisiis gancxadeba iqneba Tu rezolucia, amas aqvs wona da mniSvneloba politikur dis-kursSi. amitom es Cven gvexmareba saqarTvelos ukusvlis SesaCereblad... adre Zalian maRal doneze iyo koordinacia ayvanili. politikosebi aRiarebdnen, rom gunduri TamaSi da sxvadasxva saministroebs Soris koordinirebuloba Cvens aq-tivSi iyo~ (d.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

swored evrokavSiris winaSe aRebul valdebulebebs miew-ereba aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis, sajaro uwyebebisa da arasamTavrobo seqtoris TanamSromlobisTvis biZgis micema. aRniSnulia, rom am TvalsazrisiT, evrostruqturebidan ga-mocdilebis SeZenis procesi uwyvetia, Tumca imis Sefaseba, Tu ramdenad xdeba axali gamocdilebis saTanadod internal-izacia, respondentTa nawils sakmaod rTulad miaCnia.

`xdeba axali gamocdilebis SeZena imitom, rom maT [mTavro-bas] aqvT aqtiuri kontaqti evrokavSiris warmomadgenlebTan.

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is moTxovnebi, rasac evrokavSiri xelisuflebas uyenebs, es maTTvis axali gamocdilebaa. ramdenad xdeba amis gaTaviseba, es rTuli Sesafasebelia, Cemi mxridan~ (e.T., politikosi, sa-parlamento umciresoba).

respondentTa TqmiT, aRniSnuli gamocdileba yvelaze TvalsaCinod institutebis Sida struqturis gaZlierebaze aisaxeba. swored am mizans emsaxureba saxelmwifo moxeleebis gadamzadeba, saministroebSi evrointegraciis departamentebis Seqmna da, amasTan, saukeTeso praqtikis gaziarebis mizniT, ev-rokavSiris wevr qveynebSi samizne jgufebis viziti.

`gamocdilebis miReba aris mudmivi Tanmdevi procesi. mud-mivad xdeba saxelmwifo moxeleebis kvalifikaciis amaRleba, gadamzadeba; gvaqvs specialuri programebi, romlebic gu-lisxmobs eqspertul daxmarebas am sferoebSi sakanonmdeblo daaxloebis kuTxiT; xdeba kadrebis gadamazadeba rogorc adg-ilze, aseve sazRvargareT. velosipeds Tavidan ar vigonebT~ (n.d., samTavrobo struqtura).

`asocirebis SeTanxmebaSi CarTulia yvela sajaro uwyeba, sajaro uwyebebs aqvT urTierToba arasamTavrobo seqtorTan, radgan iq aris sakonsultacio eqspertTa jgufebi, romlebic konsultacias uweven sxvadasxva reformis ganxorcielebaSi. rasakvirvelia, gamocdilebis SeZena xdeba. magaliTad, maisSi latviaSi gaemgzavreba maswavlebelTa jgufi, rogoria maswav-leblebis roli evrointegraciis procesSi, romelic gaiara latviam, ra problemebs awydebodnen, ra gamocdileba miiRes evropuli Rirebulebebis danergvis kuTxiT moswavleebSi da skolebSi. aseve, gvaqvs programa fermerebisTvis da agraruli seqtoris waromadgenlebisTvis, gamocdilebis gaziarebis mizniT dagegmilia vizitebi estoneTSi, holandiaSi da did britaneTSi~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

miuxedavad rogorc instituciuri TanamSromlobis, ise in-stitutebis Sida struqturis gaZlierebis mimarTulebiT ga-dadgmuli pozitiuri nabijebisa, respondentebs miaCniaT, rom briuselidan meti moTxovna am process ufro met biZgs mis-cemda. amdenad, Tavad respondentTa TqmiT, evrokavSiris mxri-

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dan meti pirobiToba politikuri gamocdilebis transforma-ciaze pozitiur gavlenas moaxdenda.

`es procesi magaT muSaobaze calsaxad axdens gavlenas, radgan, rogorc viciT, am process aqvs Tavisi etapebi daax-loebis, Sesrulebis, reportingis. yvela am etapis gavla da axal etapze gadasvla maT saqmianobaze calsaxad axdens gav-lenas, radgan maTi warmatebis da warumateblobis identi-ficireba xdeba. Sesabamisad, Tu evrokavSiris institutebis mxridan iqneba ufro aqtiuri da Tanmimdevruli midgoma, Sei-Zleba, rom moTxovnebis gamkacreba am institutebisTvis, vinc am mimarTulebaze muSaoben, maTi muSaobis aqtivizaciis Sesa-Zleblobac iyos~ (m.i., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

mniSvnelovania poziciac, romlis Tanaxmad, politikaSi `saq-mis keTebis~ TvalsazrisiT, jerjerobiT araferi Secvlila, ma-gram mosalodnelia, rom momavalSi evropeizacia politikuri kulturis gazrdas Seuwyobs xels. amdenad, radaelis mier war-modgenil empiriul kategoriebs rom davubrundeT, jer kidev sustia cvlilebebi politikuri gamocdilebis, Zalis Tu ba-lansis gaumjobesebis mimarTulebiT, Tumca, evrointegraciis miznidan gamomdinare, am cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba gardauva-lia. Tu evropeizaciis procesi jerjerobiT ar iwvevs Tanam-Sromlobis axal stilze gadasvlas da politikuri moTamaS-eebi sakmaod polarizebulni rCebian, momavalSi is pozitiuri procesebisTvis biZgis mimcemad da `politikis keTebis~ axali, dasavluri wesebis damkvidrebis garantad moiazreba.

`es aris is meqanizmi, romliTac mTavrobis is Stoebi, rom-lebic inerciiT akeTeben an ver akeTeben saqmes, iZulebulni gaxdebian, amoZravdnen, iswavlon, gaakeTon meti~ (i.d., eqsper-ti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

`karg CarCos iZleva imisaTvis, rom urTierTobebi iyos normaluri, rogoricaa demokratiul qveyanaSi da ar iyos is-eTi, rogoric Cven gvaqvs; gansakuTrebiT xelisuflebisa da opoziciis urTierTobazea saubari~ (t.l., politikosi, sapar-lamento umciresoba).

am etaze, evropeizaciis procesi ZiriTadad ganixileba,

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rogorc qarTveli politikosebis mier Sida auditoriisTvis Seqmnili imijis Semadgeneli elementi, romelic mniSvnelova-nia utilitaruli mosazrebebidan gamomdinare (socialurad sasurveli kuTxiT Tavis warmoCena, amomrCevlis gulis mogeba da sxv.) da politikur aqtorTa RirebulebiT sistemasTan nak-lebad aqvs kavSiri. mmarTveli gundi opoziciur partiebs mi-awers amgvar performanss, opoziciuri partiebi _ mmarTvel gunds, eqspertebi ki _ rogorc pirvels, ise meores.

`es, ZiriTadad, politikosebis mier gamoyenebulia, rom Tavi progresulad warmoaCinon. utilitaruli midgoma aqvT evropisadmi, evropelobisadmi, vidre RirebulebiTi, an iden-tobis, an socialuri konstruqtivizmis. es aris gamoyenebiTi midgoma piradi sargeblis misaRebad~ (n.S., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

miuxedavad amisa, aseTi utilitaruli midgomac pozitiu-rad SeiZleba Sefasdes, radgan imaze miuTiTebs, rom politi-kuri imijis konstruirebisas mniSvnelovania evrointegraciis msurvelTa moTxovnebze adekvaturi reagireba, miT umetes, rom es segmenti mosaxleobis umravlesobas warmoadgens. am yvelaferSi ki kritikuli roli politikur diskurss miuZR-vis, radgan, rogorc radaeli aRniSnavs, swored diskurss Seu-Zlia gadamwyveti gavlena iqonios evrokavSirTan dakavSire-bul arCevanTa legitimaciaze.

evropeizacia da adamianuri resursebis sakiTxi

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, EU acquis-is ganxorcielebis pirvel, gadmotanis etapze ganmsazRvrelia `menejmenturi~ midgoma, romelic orientirebulia acquis-is aRsrulebisTvis saWiro resursebis mobilizebaze da administraciuli Sesa-Zleblobebis Seqmnaze (Maniokas 2009). Sesabamisad, am konte-qstSi, gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens adamianuri, profe-siuli resursebis sakiTxi, rac eqspertuli kvlevis analiz-mac cxadyo. respondentebisTvis saqarTvelos evropeizaciis procesi da, pirvel rigSi, asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxor-

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cieleba, Sesabamisi eqspertizis mqone, kvalificiuri kadrebis sakiTxTan mWidro kavSirSi ganixileba. aRsaniSnavia, rom kvali-ficiuri kadrebis saWiroebis sakiTxs gansxvavebulad afaseben saparlamento umravlesobis, umciresobis, arasamTavrobo or-ganizaciebis warmomadgenlebi da damoukidebeli eqspertebi.

`qarTul ocnebasTan~ asocirebuli respondentebi, met wilad, uaryofen an pirdapir ar saubroben kvalificiuri kadrebis deficitze, anda cdiloben, profesionalizmis problema maT-gan damoukidebeli sxvadasxva mizeziT axsnan. magaliTad, re-spondentebma pozitiurad Seafases saxelmwifo institutebisa da samoqalaqo seqtoris sistemuri muSaoba asocirebis xelSek-rulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli valdebulebebis Sesasruleblad: erTi mxriv, qveyanaSi ganviTarebulia evrointegraciis mxardam-Weri samoqalaqo seqtori, romelic `karnaxobs xelisuflebas, ra unda gaakeTos~ (e.T., saxelmwifo struqtura); meore mxriv ki, xelisuflebaSi arian kvalificiuri moxeleebi, romlebic aso-cirebis xelSekrulebis molaparakebebSi monawileobdnen da mis warmatebul ganxorcielebaze arian pasuxismgebelni.

`Cemi azriT, resursebis problema ar unda gvqondes. am resursebis gaTvliT moxda molaparakeba. rodesac gansaz-Rvrul sferoebze vadebs viRebdiT, swored resursebis da ad-gilobrivi realobis gaTvaliswinebiT miviReT gadawyvetile-ba. asea dawerili sakanonmdeblo daaxloebis programebi, rom-lebic devs asocirebis SeTanxmebaSi. ra Tqma unda, Sors var im azrisgan, rom Cveni saxelmwifo seqtori Semdgom gazrdas da kvalifikaciis amaRlebas ar saWiroebs, magram es etapobrivad moxdeba, maT Soris evrokavSiris daxmarebiTac~ (n.d., saxelm-wifo struqtura).

am konteqstSi aRiniSna, rom saqarTvelo inteleqtualuri resursis deficits ar ganicdis imis wyalobiT, rom qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis ganaTlebis miReba da profesiuli ganviTa-reba prioritetuli iyo sabWoTa periodSic. Tumca, parale-lurad, aRniSnulia, rom es resursi saqarTvelos farglebs gareTaa gafantuli da qveynis SigniT misi mobilizeba ver xe-rxdeba. Sesabamisad, aRniSnuli resursi amJamad saqarTveloSi arsebuli gamowvevebis dasaZlevad xelmisawvdomi ar aris.

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`qveyanaSi ar Wirda inteleqtualuri resursi. axla saWiroa am resursis mobilizacia, saqarTveloSi dabandeba iqneba Za-lian mniSvnelovani. uamravi profesionali moRvaweobs qvey-nis gareT, radgan am resursis aq mobilizeba da, Sesabamisad, uzrunvelyofa ver moxerxda. amas Tu moaxerxebs saxelmwifo, es iqneba Zalian didi miRweva~ (b.S., saxelmwifo struqtura).

zemoxsenebuli poziciisgan gansxvavebiT, interviuebSi sau-baria imazec, rom Caketilma sabWoTa sivrcem, piriqiT, ar misca qarTvelebs Sesabamisi profesiuli ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba, rac sxvadasxva sferoSi profesionalebis deficits iwvevs da qveynisTvis realuri gamowvevaa. Tumca, saparlamento umravle-sobis warmomadgeneli respondenti aRniSnavs, rom es problema xelisuflebas gacnobierebuli aqvs da saTanado qmedebebs ax-orcielebs saWiro codnisa da gamocdilebis misaRebad, raSic evrokavSiri daxmarebas uwevs treningebis Catarebis da ucxoel eqspertebTan TanamSromlobis saxiT. misi TqmiT, evropelebi-sTvis TvalsaCinoa, rom `Cven gvaqvs ukeTesi momavlisken WeS-mariti swrafva da isini mzad arian, rom Cven amaSi dagvexmaron~ (i.l., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

`dRes, Cven ar unda gvrcxvenodes imis, rom SeiZleba raRaca ar vicodeT. sircxvili is aris, rom ar vicodeT da kidev ar gvindodes, rom gavigoT~ (m.n., politikosi, saparlamento um-ravlesoba).

`procesi midis da ara mTlad inerciiT. evrokomisiis del-egaciebi periodulad Camodian saqarTveloSi, amowmeben qvey-nis mzaobis xarisxs, ramdenad Seesabameba esa Tu is parametri maT kriteriumebs. akeTeben rekomendaciebs, es rekomenda-ciebi sruldeba da mivediT iqamde, rom Rrma da yovlismom-cveli savaWro xelSekruleba iqca asocirebis xelSekrulebis nawilad. progresi iyo da mivediT asocirebamde~ (f.m., eqsper-ti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

kvalificiur adamianur resursebze saubrisas, asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebis grZelvadiani procesis xaz-gasma da, paralelurad, imis aRniSvna, rom `jer erTi welic ar gasula, rac xeli movawereT da ZalaSi Sevida~ (v.d., eqsperti,

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arasamTavrobo organizacia), resursebis deficitis `gamar-Tlebis~ STabeWdilebas tovebs. marTalia, arsebobs mosazre-ba, rom asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebis procesSi xarvezebi arsebobs, Tumca amis mizezad, rig SemTxvevaSi, pro-fesionalizmis deficiti ki ar saxeldeba, aramed ufro siste-muri sirTuleebi da iqve xazgasmulia, rom mTavroba flobs Sesabamis meqanizmebs maT gadasaWrelad.

`Zalian bevri moTamaSea CarTuli, maT Soris parlamenti, romelic sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebs axorcielebs, regione-bi, romlebic decentralizaciis safuZvelze damoukidebel organoebs warmodgenen. [...] am sirTulis dasaZlevad ki, Tavis mxriv, muSaobs xelisufleba da maregulirebeli organoebi, romelic process monitorings uweven; anu saxelmwifos aqvs yvela is meqanizmi, romelic sWirdeba am procesis dasageg-mad, koordinirebisa da ganxorcielebisaTvis~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

respondentebma isic aRniSnes, rom seqtoruli reformebis gatarebas, magaliTad, transportisa da komunikaciis gan-viTarebas, gansakuTrebuli kompetenciis mqone adamianuri resursi ar sWirdeba. Tumca, igive ganwyoba ar vrceldeba, mag-aliTad, antidiskriminaciul kanonze, romlis damtkicebazec sakmaod didi dro da resursi daixarja im mizniT, rom `xalx-isTvis sworad agvexsna da migvewodebina~ (z.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba). miuxedavad imisa, rom respondenti interviuSi saubrobs swored sazogadoebis mxridan gamoTqmul ukmayofilebaze antidikriminaciuli kanonis miRebasTan da-kavSirebiT, imavdroulad, is xazs usvams qarTveli eris tol-erantobas da ver ixsnebs, `rom vinme joxebiT gvedevna, rom, Tu rames ar veTanxmebiT, SegviZlia Seuracxyofa mivayenoT, gavlaxoT an diskriminaciuli damokidebuleba gvqondes mis mimarT.~ kanonproeqtis irgvliv warmoqmnil aJiotaJs respon-denti mcire sirTules uwodebs da aRniSnavs, rom `ese xdeba xolme, es mxolod qarTvelebs ar emarTebaT, yvelas emarTeba. amitom axla unda davacxroT vnebebi, unda vimuSavoT sworad da bevri~ (z.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

resursebis deficitTan dakavSirebiT, sxvebze kritikul

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Sefasebebs `erTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~ warmomadgenlebi da sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizaciis eqspertebi akeTe-ben. respondentebma gamoTqves mosazreba, rom, erTi mxriv, isini, vinc pasuxismgebelia asocirebis xelSekrulebis ganx-orcielebaze, arasakmarisad kvalificiuria, meore mxriv ki, eWvs iwvevs, Tu ramdenad efeqtianad gamoiyeneba Tundac evro-kavSiris mxridan mowodebuli resursi. miuxedavad imisa, rom procesi mimdinareobs, `es ubralod avtopilotze CarTuli procesia da es avtopiloti rodis gvimtyunebs, kacma ar icis~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

`yvela Civis resursebis naklebobaze da evrokavSiric gvex-mareba am reformebis ganxorcielbaSi. marto ar aris saqarT-velo am kuTxiT. erTi mxriv, SeiZleba vTqvaT, rom ar aris sak-marisi resursi da, meore mxriv, rac aris, ramdenad efeqtianad xdeba maTi gamoyeneba, es ukve cota sxva Temaa~ (z.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

rogorc saparlamento umciresobis, ise eqspertTa Sefase-biT, xelSekrulebis ganxorcielebis konteqstSi, safrTxes warmoadgens iseTi regulaciebis Sesruleba, romlis adminis-trirebis potenciali biurokratiul aparatSi ar moiZebneba. Sesabamisad, mosalodnelia uaresi Sedegebis dadgoma, magali-Tad, finansuri zaralis miReba da gazrdili korufcia.

`Cveni mTavrobis midgoma aseTi iyo, Tuki arCevani aris, gqondes regulacia, romlis administrirebis potenciali Sens biurokratias ar aqvs, maSin jobia ar gqondes saerTod. iseTi regulaciis arsebobas, romelic Cveni biurokratiis pirobebSi Znelad administrirebadia, uaresi Sedegi moyveba. regulaciebis obieqtebi naxuloben zarals da izrdeba ko-rufcia. SevardnaZis dros milioni regulacia arsebobda, ma-gram yvelaferi qrTamiT keTdeboda, magaliTad, fito-sanita-ruli sfero, sadac iyo kolosaluri korufcia. evronorme-bic inergeboda, magram realurad ar muSaobda, danergili iyo qaRaldze. Cven saerTod gavauqmeT es struqturebi~ (d.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

kadrebis deficitTan mimarTebaSi, gansakuTrebuli yur-

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adReba gamaxvilda saqarTvelos umaRles saganmanaTleblo sistemaze da mis arsebiT rolze evropeizaciis procesSi. xazi gaesva im garemoebas, rom klasikuri codna, romelic qveyana-Sia akumulirebuli da qarTveli profesorebi floben, Taname-drove moTxovnebTan gasamklaveblad sakmarisi ar aris. meore mxriv, qarTuli sauniversiteto sistema ver pasuxobs im axal moTxovnebs da gamowvevebs, rac dRes sxvadasxva sferoSi ar-sebobs. amdenad, ganaTlebis ganaxlebuli sistema da dargis kvalificiuri specialistebi miiCneva problemebis gadaWris realur gamosavlad, gansakuTrebiT im fonze, roca qveya-naSi sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebasa da agrarul swavlebaze mzardi aqcenti keTdeba; amasTan, Tanamedrove qarTveli axal-gazrdebi siaxleebis mimarT metad gaxsnilebad da dasavluri Rirebulebebis mxardamWerad moiazrebian.

`me momavali Taobis imedi maqvs, velodebi. me mejera, rom yoveli axali Taoba ukeTesia, ufro swrafad iTvisebs igive informacias, ufro aqvs dasavluri Rirebulebebi, ar eSinia, gaxsnilia~ (m.i., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

`gadawyvetilebis mimRebebi da aRmasruleblebi unda iyos Taoba, romelsac ar eqneba stereotipuli, dakompleqsebuli azrovneba, SiSi, valdebulebiTi damokidebuleba ruseTis mimarT. SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos parlamentis wevrTa sa-Sualo asaki iyos 40 welze zemoT da maT ar hqondeT sabWouri midgomebi rigi sakiTxebis mimarT, maT Soris proceduruli demokratiis Sesaxeb~ (k.u., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo orga-nizacia).

xazgasmiT aRiniSna, rom asocirebis xelSekrulebis warmate-biT ganxorcielebisTvis saWiroa mikro doneze muSaoba, rac dRes, realurad, ar mimdinareobs. is moxeleebic ki, visac sa-Tanado kompetencia aqvs, SeuZlia mdgomareobis obieqturad Sefaseba da arsebuli problemebis gamovlena, politikur ko-niunqturas eqvemdebarebian da informacia saaSkaraoze ar ga-moaqvT, sazogadoebrivi wnexis asarideblad.

`CvenTan problemaa, rom, erTi mxriv, gvyavs sajaro moxelee-bi, romlebsac Sexeba ara aqvT dargTan da ar ician, meore mxriv,

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aris sajaro moxele, romelic, Cveni azriT, dargis Zalian kargi specialistia, magram eqvemdebareba xolme politikur koniunq-turas da ar ambobs raRaceebs droulad. CvenTan es problemebi droulad rom dafiqsirdes, SegviZlia ,presingi’ gavukeToT politikis Semqmnelebs. CvenTan aris cudi sistema, Tu raRac kargad ar aris, sajaro moxele cdilobs amis dafarvas. Tu es informacia gareT gava, amaze ilaparakeben. sajaro informacia, romlis gamJRavnebamac SeiZleba kargi Sedegebi moitanos, unda gamJRavndes. rodesac am informacias akonserveben, viRebT cud Sedegs~ (m.g., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

eqspertebi miiCneven, rom saxezea xelSekrulebis ganxorciele-baSi araTanmimdevruli qmedebebi, rac evropeizaciis process aferxebs. msgavsi situaciidan gamosavlad maT Sesabamisi sistem-uri cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba esaxebaT, ramac yvela arsebuli resursis mobilizeba da efeqtianad amuSaveba unda uzrunvelyos. mxolod amgvari sistemuri cvlilebebi miiCneva evropeizaciis procesis samomavlo warmatebis garantad saqarTveloSi.

evrointegraciiT da evropeizaciiT dainteresebuli socialuri institutebi da aqtorebi

mosaxleoba. kvlevaSi monawile yvela eqsperti da poli-tikosi (rogorc saxelisuflebo, ise opoziciuri partiebi-dan) miiCnevs, rom evrokavSirTan daaxloeba da Tanmdevi evro-peizaciis procesi yvelaze metad saqarTvelos mosaxleobis interesebSi Sedis.

miCneulia, rom evrointegraciasTan da evropeizaciasTan dakavSirebuli mosaxleobis ganwyobebi im diskursebis (poli-tikuri, mediis da a.S.) konteqstSi unda iqnas Seswavlili, rom-lebic maT formirebaze gavlenas axdens (Toshkov et al., 2014, 3). samecniero literatura, evrokavSirisadmi sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebis axsnisas, mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs rogorc utilita-ruli interesebis (rogoricaa evrokavSirTan uvizo mimosvla an ekonomikuri aRmasvlis perspeqtivebi), ise identobis faq-torebis gaTvaliswinebas (rogoricaa qarTvelebis `evropuli identobis~ ganmtkiceba an, piriqiT, evropeizaciis Sedegad

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qarTuli identobis da tradiciebis Sesustebis SiSi). aqve aR-saniSnavia `media-freimingis~ da politikosebisgan momdinare signalebis potenciuri gavlenac. am konteqstSi, sainteresoa, ra miaCniaT Cven respondentebs saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ev-rokavSirisadmi damokidebulebis formirebaze gavlenis mqone ZiriTad faqtorebad.

evrokavSirTan daaxloebis procesis Sefasebisas, respon-dentebis mxridan swored utilitaruli faqtorebis, anu evro-peizaciis procesis Sedegad miRebuli sargeblis xazgasma xde-ba. es moicavs rogorc ekonomikur winsvlas, ise demokratiis, adamianTa uflebebis, usafrTxoebisa da sxva sakiTxebis gaum-jobesebas qveyanaSi. radgan evrokavSirTan integracia saerTo keTildReobasTan asocirdeba, miiCneva, rom am procesis pozi-tiur Sedegebs yvelaze metad swored mosaxleoba SeigrZnobs. mniSvnelovania imis xazgasmac, rom, respondentebis azriT, aRniSnuli keTildReoba miiRweva evrokavSirTan daaxloebis procesSi misi standartebis warmatebiT danergviT da ara erTmniSvnelovnad evrokavSiris wevrobiT.

`aq gawevrianebasa da argawevrianebas azri ar aqvs, ramdena-dac am daaxloebis procesis warmatebas, radgan amiT saqarT-velo iseTive warmatebuli qveyana gaxdeba, rogorc wevrebi~ (b.S., samTavrobo struqtura).

unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertebisa da politikosebis azriT, mosaxleobis sakmaod maRali proevropuli ganwyobebi TvalsaC-ino indikatoria imisa, rom evrointegraciis procesi yvelaze metad swored maT interesebSi Sedis da, rac mTavaria, mosaxleo-ba Tavad acnobierebs amas. respondentTa Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis keTilganwyobas, pirvel rigSi, evrokavSiris mimarT damokideb-ulebis kvleva adasturebs: qveynis masStabiT sistematurad mim-dinare reprezentatuli kvlevebis monacemebi (CRRC, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015) gvafiqrebinebs, rom saqarTveloSi evropeizacia ara mxolod zemodan qvemoT, aramed, imavdroulad, qvemodan zemoT mimarTuli procesia. amis nimuSad SeiZleba CaiTvalos mosaxle-obis sakmaod mwvave reaqcia `evropuli kursidan~ gadaxvevis SesaZleblobaze, rasac politikosebi ara marto sifrTxiliT udgebian, aramed manipulirebis iaraRad da politikuri reit-

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ingis asawevadac ki iyeneben. es TvalsaCinod gamovlinda 2014 wlis noembris movlenebidanac, kerZod, alasania-RaribaSvilis dapirispirebidan, rasac `Tavisufali demokratebis~ mier ko-alicia `qarTuli ocnebis~ datoveba mohyva im motiviT, rom saqarTvelos evropul arCevans safrTxe emuqreboda arsebuli xelisuflebis xelSi. amis sapasuxod, premier-ministrs momen-talurad mouwia imis dadastureba, rom saqarTvelos proevro-puli kursi mosaxleobis uryev arCevans, Sesabamisad, xelisu-flebis prioritetsac warmoadgenda; amdenad, misgan gadaxveva dauSvebeli iyo. Cveni kvlevis monawilenic xazs usvamen, rom swored evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis mimarT mosaxleobis maRali mxardaWera ganapirobebs imas, rom xelisuflebas, rogorc mo-saxleobis nebis aRmsrulebels, evrointegracia qveynis sagareo politikis mTavar prioritetad aqvs gansazRvruli.

`radganac, realurad, maTTvis mTavari aris, rom amomrCev-elma misces xma, Tu amomrCeveli moiTxovs, rom wavides evro-pisken... es ufro metad biZgi aris~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasamTav-robo organizacia).

miuxedavad zemoxsenebuli narativisa, gamovlinda gansxvave-buli mosazrebac, romelic eWviT uyurebs evropeizaciis proce-sis qvemodan zemoT mimarTulebas, mosaxleobis dabali gaTviTc-nobierebulobis gamo. am diskursis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobas ara aqvs sakmarisi informacia, zogadad, evrokavSiris da, konkretu-lad, evrointegraciis procesis Sesaxeb saqarTveloSi. amdenad, man ar icis, Tu ra konkretul Sedegebs unda elodos evrokav-SirTan daaxloebidan. marTalia, qarTuli sazogadoeba Tvlis, rom evrointegracia mis cxovrebaze dadebiTad aisaxeba, magram ra kuTxiT, rogor an rodis, amis Sesaxeb saTanado informacia ar gaaCnia. aRniSnul fenomens erT-erTma eqspertma evro-roman-tizmic~ uwoda, romelic, Tavis mxriv, safrTxis matareblad mi-iCnia, samomavlod mosaxleobis imedgacruebisa da evrokavSiris sawinaaRmdego sentimentebis gamowvevis kuTxiT.

marTalia, mosaxleoba evropeizaciis procesis warmatebiT dainteresebul erT-erT mTavar mxared iqna warmodgenili, magram, imavdroulad, 2015 wlis maisSi gamoqveynebuli kvle-vis Sedegebis mixedviT, evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis msurvelTa

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maRal maCvenebelTan erTad, mosaxleobis 31% evraziul kav-SirSi gawevrianebis survils gamoTqvams (NDI, CRRC, 2015), rac kidev ufro mwvaved ayenebs sazogadoebis drouli da adek-vaturi informirebulobis sakiTxs. amasTan, rogorc balka-neTis magaliTi gviCvenebs, im qveynebSi, sadac sazogadoeba ufro maRali proevropuli ganwyobiT gamoirCeva, evrokav-Siric ufro advilad aRwevs Tavis mizans: erTi mxriv, arCev-nebis gziT; meore mxriv ki imiT, rom sazogadoebas Seswevs unari, TviTmobilizeba moaxdinos da am gziT xelisufle-baze zegavlena iqonios (Pickering, 2011). amdenad, mosaxleobis cnobierebis gazrdis mimarTulebiT muSaobas ganmsazRvreli mniSvneloba eniWeba rogorc mosaxleobaSi evrokavSiris praq-tikebis warmatebiT danergvaSi, ise samoqalaqo kulturisa da qveynis demokratizaciis donis amaRlebaSi.

xelisufleba. saqarTvelos evrointegraciiT da evropeizaci-iT dainteresebul kidev erT mxared xelisufleba ganixileba. aq aRsaniSnavia sxvadasxva qveynebSi Catarebuli uaxlesi kvlevebis Sedegebi, romlebic evrointegraciasTan dakavSirebiT elitisa da mosaxleobis Sexedulebebs Soris sul ufro mzard gansvlas avlens: mosaxleobis doneze utilitaruli xedvisa da elitis doneze identobis faqtorebis ganmsazRvreli rolis kidev ufro TvalsaCinod gamokveTas (Toshkov et al., 2014, 3). am konteqstSi, sainteresoa, ra interesebi amoZravebs qarTul politikur da inteleqtualur elitas evrokavSirTan mimarTebaSi.

rogorc aRiniSna, samecniero literaturaSi gavrcelebu-li dominanturi mosazrebis Tanaxmad, evrointegracia elitis mier marTuli procesia. avtorTa mtkicebiT, evrokavSirSi er-Tiani evropuli identobis formirebis problema kidev erTx-el adasturebs evropeizaciis, rogorc zemodan qvemoT mimar-Tuli procesis, argumentis validurobas (Medrano, 2011, 46). Cveni respondentebis nawilic exmianeba am mosazrebas da mi-iCnevs, rom saqarTvelos politikuri elita, mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT, metad gaazrebul arCevans akeTebs, radgan ukeT xedavs arsebul alternativebs Soris evropis upiratesobas.

`xelisufleba acnobierebs, rom es aucilebelia qveynis ganviTarebisTvis. rodesac irCev qveynis ganviTarebis kurss,

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im kurss irCev, romelic Seesabameba Sen saboloo mizans. gamomdinare iqidan, rom Cven evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis kur-si gvaqvs arCeuli, es mianiSnebs imaze, rom CvenTvis misaRebia is standartebi da moTxovnebi, rac evrokavSirs aqvs~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

zemoaRniSnuli mignebebi samecniero literaturis konte-qstSi rom ganvixiloT, evropeizaciis sam dones unda davu-kavSiroT: makros (socialuri sistemis done), mikros (adamian-ebis yoveldRiuri praqtikebi da damokidebulebebi) da mezos (makro da mikro doneebis dakavSireba). Sesabamisad, yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT evropeizaciis rogorc zemodan qvemoT, ise qvemodan zemoT kvlevis aucileblobaze. marTalia, politikis mecniereba pirvel midgomas efuZneba, magram sociologia meo-re midgomis udides mniSvnelobasac aRiarebs (Trenz, 2011, 213). swored am konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT Cveni kvlevis Sedegebi da is faqti, rom evrointegraciis procesSi respondentebi mosaxleobis survilsa Tu interesebs gadamwyvet mniSvnelo-bas aniWeben. Tumca, maT mierve xazgasmuli, mosaxleobisTvis damaxasiaTebeli `evro-romantizmidan~ gamomdinare, sazoga-doebis gaTviTcnobierebulobis amaRlebis kuTxiT, mTavari funqcia swored politikosebs miewerebaT, romelTac media da sxvadasxva sakomunikacio saSualebebi unda gamoiyenon mo-saxleobis maqsimaluri informirebisa da evrointegraciis procesis legitimaciisTvis.

am TvalsazrisiT, makedoniisa da bosniis magaliTs Tu gan-vixilavT, davinaxavT, rom evrokavSiris pirobiTobas gansx-vavebuli Sedegebi hqonda am or qveyanaSi evropeizaciis pro-cesSi, ris mizezsac maTSi adgilobrivi politikuri elitebis mier evrokavSiris pirobebis gansxvavebulad Sefaseba war-moadgenda: makedoniis SemTxvevaSi, adgilobrivi politikosebi evrokavSiris pirobebs momgebianad miiCnevdnen, xolo bosniis SemTxvevaSi _ ara (Vasilev, 2011). am qveynebis msgavsad, xelisu-flebis, rogorc dainteresebuli institutis, roli sakmaod mniSvnelovania saqarTveloSi im reformebis gatarebis nebis arsebobis kuTxiT, romelmac, evrokavSirTan daaxloebiT, qvey-anas mzardi socioekonomikuri keTildReoba unda moutanos.

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biznes-seqtori. evrointegraciiT dainteresebul erT-erT jgufad respondentebma biznes-seqtoric daasaxeles. Se-fasebebis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiri, pirvel rigSi, ekonomikur gaerTianebas warmoadgens, romelTanac asocirebis xelSek-rulebis xelmoweris erT-erTi sargebeli Tavisufali savaWro sivrcis Seqmnaa. Sesabamisad, erT-erTi socialuri aqtori, romelic aseve dainteresebulia saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gaerTianebiT, biznes-seqtoria. rogorc xelisuflebis erT-erTma warmomadgenelma ganmarta, is kompaniebic ki, romlebic ver moaxerxeben evropul standartebTan droul adaptacias da amis gamo bazris datoveba mouwevT, ukeTes mdgomareobaSi iqnebian, gamomdinare iqidan, rom qveyanaSi zogadi ekonomi-kuri foni ufro xelsayreli iqneba.

imisaTvis, rom biznes seqtorma evrointegraciis Sedegad sargebeli miiRos, mniSvnelovani iqneba reformebis swori da Tanmimdevruli dagegmva. aRniSnuli sakiTxi gansakuTrebiT relevanturia minimaluri standartebisa da regulaciebis dadgenasTan mimarTebaSi, rac, sawyis etapze, biznes-subi-eqtebis warmoebis danaxarjebis gazrdas gamoiwvevs, Tumca grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi met sargebels moitans.

`biznesis warmoeba iqneba ufro xelsayreli, Tu evroin-tegracia moxdeba. aq Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs, rogor ganxorcieldeba es reformebi, rom biznesisTvis Sokuri md-gomareoba ar iyos Seqmnili garkveul sakiTxebTan mimarTeba-Si, Torem grZelvadian perspeqtvaSi momgebiani iqneba~ (z.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

evrokavSiri saqarTvelos evropeizaciiT dainteresebul kidev erT aqtorad ganixileba. miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs gaziarebuli mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom wevrobis msurvel qveyanas ufro metad surs evrokavSirTan daaxloeba, vidre Tavad evrokavSirs, aseve gasaTvaliwinebelia isic, rom ev-rokavSiris poziciac erTmniSvnelovani ar aris. evrokavSirs, rogorc regionSi demokratiisa da mSvidobis damyarebis imi-jis mqone instituts, pirvel rigSi, mis garSemo samezoblo-Si politikuri stabilurobisa da ekonomikuri mdgradobis SenarCuneba surs. erTi mxriv, es aisaxeba mis saerTaSoriso

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imijze, meore mxriv ki, uSualod misi mosaxleobis ekonomikur ganviTarebaze (Haukkala, 2008).

eqspertebis jgufidan ramdenime respondentma aRniSna uSua-lod dasavleTis interesebi saqarTvelos evropeizaciasTan da-kavSirebiT. maTi azriT, amis ramdenime urTierTdakavSirebuli mizezi arsebobs: erTi mxriv, es aRiqmeba, rogorc rusuli agre-siis ganeitralebis SesaZlebloba, meore mxriv ki, evropuli Ri-rebulebebis gavrcelebis saSualeba `satelit qveynebSi~, rac xels Seuwyobs demokratiuli fonis gaumjobesebas da Seqmnis sxva politikuri gaerTianebebis (magaliTad, evraziuli kavSiris) al-ternativas am qveynebis sagareo kursSi. isic aRiniSna, rom evro-kavSiris dainteresebis erT-erT mizezs saqarTvelos, rogorc en-ergoderefnis funqciac warmoadgens, rac saSualebas miscems ev-rokavSirs, sakuTari energoresursebis diversifikacia moaxdinos.

`mxolod Cven ki ar gvWirdeba evropa, evropasac vWirdebiT Cven. Tu ara saqarTvelo, evropa ver miiRebda azerbaijanul navTobs da gazs imitom, rom CrdiloeTiT aris ruseTi. miiReb-da, magram ara im pirobebiT da im raodenobiT, ramdensac saqa-rTvelos gavliT [...] e.i. Cvenma qveyanam evropas Tavisi bazris diversifikaciis saSualeba misca. [...] amitom Cveni adgili, ro-gorc energetikuli moTamaSis, Zalian mniSvnelovania. amitom evropa modis CvenTan dialogze, yovelmxriv mxardaWeraze; gvicxadebs mxardaWeras, rogorc satranzito qveyanas~ (i.d., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

evrointegraciis da evropeizaciis mowinaaRmdege socialuri institutebi da aqtorebi

garda saqarTvelos evrointegraciis da evropeizaciis momxre socialuri institutebisa da aqtorebisa, kvlevis far-glebSi gamoiyo am procesis mowinaaRmdege ramdenime aqtori, romelTagan yvelaze saSiSad ruseTi da masTan asocirebuli prorusuli partiebi da mediasaSualebebia miCneuli. saparla-mento umciresobis warmomadgeneli respondentebi am CamonaT-vals mmarTvel koalicia `qarTul ocnebasac~ amateben, rac naTlad gamoikveTa evrointegraciasTan dakavSirebiT poli-

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tikosebis gaTviTcnobierebulobis Sesaxeb zemoT warmodgenil qveTavSi. amasTan, marTalia frTxilad, magram mainc gaJRerda ramdenime mosazreba qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis, rogorc evrointegraciis procesSi barieris Semqmnelis, Ses-axeb; am sakiTxze ufro detalurad calke qveTavSi visaubrebT.

ruseTi _ prorusuli Zalebi. msgavsad evrokavSirisa, romelsac surs sakuTari `normatuli hegemoniis~ gavrceleba, ruseTs ar surs sakuTari hegemoniis daTmoba mis samezobloSi. am mizniT ru-seTi araerT taqtikas mimarTavs, romelTa Soris, pirvel rigSi, antidasavluri propagandaa aRsaniSnavi. magaliTad, xelisufle-baSi myofma erT-erTma respondentma ramdenjerme daasaxela `saSineli propaganda~, romelic ruseTidan da mis mier dafinan-sebuli arasamTavrobo organizaciebidan Tu politikuri partie-bidan momdinareobs. miCneulia, rom ruseTi aqtiur propagandas eweva, radgan mas aSinebs axlo samezobloSi evropuli orienta-ciis mqone qveynis arseboba, romelic evropuli Rirebulebebis matarebelia da demokratiul principebs misdevs, rac imTaviTve ewinaaRmdegeba ruseTis avtoritarul xedvas. garda amisa, mas ar surs, istoriulad sabWoTa kavSiris SemadgenlobaSi myof qveyanas misi gavlenis sferodan gaqcevis saSualeba misces.

`gamonaklisia ruseTi, visTvisac ar aris sasurveli saqa-rTvelos evrokavSirSi da natoSi integracia, radgan es mTli-anad angrevs mis filosofias, rom aRadginos Tavisi gavlena e.w. postsabWoTa sivrceze, romelSic saqarTvelosac moiaz-reben. maTTvis araTu saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gaerTianeba, aramed saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebriobac ki ar aris misaRebi. aqedan gamomdinare, isini yvelafers gaakeTeben, rom xeli Se-uSalon Cvens swrafvas evropisken~ (e.T., politikosi, sapar-lamento umciresoba).

`rusuli propagandis mTavari mesiji aris Zala. is ki ara, rom isini kargebi arian, aramed isini Zlierebi arian; evropa sustia, is ki Zlieria da ginda mogivides is, rac ukrainas mouv-ida? ai, am diskursSi nebismieri yoymani, romelic SeiZleba xe-lisuflebisgan modiodes, Zalian negatiuria~ (t.l., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

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aRniSnulia, rom rusuli propaganda ZiriTadad muSao-bs evrokavSiris, rogorc qarTuli identobisTvis safrTxis Semcvelis, diskursis gavrcelebaze, rac SesaZloa miT ufro gamZafrdes, rac ufro metad dauaxlovdeba saqarTvelo evro-kavSirs. garda amisa, miCneulia, rom prorusuli propaganda `Worebis agorebas~ efuZneba. rogorc zemoT iTqva, swored am procesSia saWiro saqarTvelos mosaxleobis informirebu-lobis gazrda, raTa moxdes prorusuli propagandis gavlenis neitralizacia da evrokavSirTan dakavSirebuli miTebis ga-fantva.

`miT ufro mwvaved dgas [rusuli propagandis sakiTxi], rac ufro vuaxlovdebiT evropas. am bolo periodSi gaaqtiurda Zalian evrokavSiris negatiuri gaSuqeba, Worebis agoreba, romlebzec mere mosaxleobis didi nawili SeSfoTebulia da ganxilvebi mimdinareobs. amis magaliTia, Tan sruliad us-afuZvlo, rom evrokavSiris regulaciiT, erT wlamde goWebis dakvla saaxalwlod ar SeiZleboda da msgavsi daujerebeli [Worebi]~ (z.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

eqspertebi aRniSnaven, rom rusuli propaganda gansa-kuTrebiT aqtiurdeba saqarTvelosTvis kritikul momentebSi, iqneba es qveynisTvis vizaliberalizaciis miniWebis ganxilva Tu winasaarCevno periodi, roca uaRresad mniSvnelovania, rom mosaxleobam proevropuli Zalebis sasargeblod gaake-Tos arCevani. amasTan, prorusuli propaganda gansakuTrebul safrTxed aRiqmeba eTnikuri umciresobebiT dasaxlebul re-gionebSi, sadac qarTuli enis codna sakmaod mwiria da mo-saxleoba, metwilad, swored rusul enaze ecnoba siaxleebs. eqspertebi xazs usvamen am regionebSi evrokavSiris Sesaxeb mo-saxleobis informirebulobis gazrdis gansakuTrebul mniSvn-elobas, miT ufro, rom uaxlesi kvlevebis Tanaxmad, eTnikur umciresobebSi, qarTvel mosaxleobasTan SedarebiT, bevrad dabalia evrointegraciis procesis mxardaWera (CRRC, 2013, 2015).

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evropeizaciis gavlena qveynis sagareo imijze

kvlevis monawileni erTxmad aRniSnaven, rom evropeizaciis procesi saqarTvelos sagareo imijze mxolod dadebiT gav-lenas axdens, risi mizezic, erTi mxriv, qveynis ganviTarebis kuTxiT gadadgmuli nabijebi, meore mxriv ki, Tavad evrokav-Siris pozitiuri imijia. respondentebis TqmiT, evrokavSirTan daaxloebis procesSi sxvadasxva reformis gatarebis kvalda-kval, umjobesdeba rogorc qveynis demokratizaciis xarisxi, ise ekonomikuri da socialuri garemo. Sedegad, saerTaSoriso asparezze saqarTvelos, rogorc politikurad stabiluri da socioekonomikurad mdgradi qveynis, imiji iqmneba, rac inve-stirebis TvalsazrisiT mimzidveli qveynis imijsac qmnis da xels uwyobs qveynis Semdgom ekonomikur winsvlas.

erT-erTi diskursi, romelic saqarTvelos, rogorc saim-edo qveynis imijTanaa dakavSirebuli, politikur stabilu-robasa da mis Tanmdev usafrTxoebaze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. aRniSnuli uSualod exmianeba evropis usafrTxoebis strate-giis dokumentSi warmodgenil paradigmebs, rac eqspertebis mier evrokavSiris, rogorc saqarTvelos evropeizaciiT dain-teresebuli institutis, Sesaxeb warmodgenasac xsnis. evropis usafrTxoebis strategiis Tanaxmad, usafrTxoeba pirvel adg-ilzea~, anu is nebismieri progresis winapirobaa. Tavad cneba `usafrTxoeba~ sxvadasxva mniSvnelobiTaa ganxiluli, iqneba es `xisti~ Tu `rbili Zalis~ gamoyenebis konteqstSi. `xisti Zala~ gulisxmobs konfliqtis/omis konteqstSi usafrTxoebis ganxilvas, xolo `rbili Zala~ _ verSemdgari demokratiuli mmarTvelobis `gadmodinebis efeqtebs~, rac organizebuli danaSaulis an Tundac ltolvilebis simravleSi gamoixateba (Hughes, 2009). evrokavSiris midgoma orive saxis usafrTxoe-bis uzrunvelsayofad efuZneba 1990-ian wlebSi civi omis das-rulebisa da komunizmis dacemis Semdeg warmoqmnil paradig-mas demokratiuli (liberaluri) mSvidobis Teoriis Sesaxeb, romlis Tanaxmad, demokratiuli saxelmwifoebi erTmaneTs ar ebrZvian. 2003 wels evrokavSirma ganacxada, rom sakuTari us-afrTxoebis dacvis saukeTeso saSualeba demokratiuli sax-elmwifoebis arsebobaa (European Council, 2003). Sesabamisad, ev-

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rokavSiris midgoma gaziarebuli Rirebulebebis koncefcias eyrdnoba, romlis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiri warmodgenilia, ro-gorc unikaluri aqtori, romelic konfliqtis menejmentisas samoqalaqo formebs eyrdnoba, sakuTari Rirebulebebis dan-ergvis gziT, anu is e.w. `rbil~ midgomas iziarebs. Sesabamisad, saqarTvelos, rogorc misi uSualo mezoblis, usafrTxoeba erT-erTi mTavari sakiTxia, rac qveynis evropeizaciiT evroka-vSiris dainteresebas iwvevs. Tuki saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan daaxloeba uwyveti procesi iqneba, saerTaSoriso asparezze saqarTveloc warmodgeba, rogorc usafrTxo da stabiluri qveyana. es ki saqarTvelos demokratiulad marTul, dasavlu-ri Rirebulebebis matarebel qveynad warmoaCens, radgan ase-Tia Tavad evrokavSiris imiji.

samecniero literaturaSic evrokavSiri ganixileba, ro-gorc normatuli kuTxiT misabaZi nimuSi. rogorc aRiniSna, is regionul normatul hegemonadac (Haukkala, 2008) ki iwodeba, romelic rogorc gafarToebiT, ise samezoblo politikis Se-muSavebiT cdilobs sakuTari usafrTxoebis garantiis Seqmnas (evropa Tavs usafrTxod ver igrZnobs, Tuki usafrTxo sa-mezoblo ar eyoleba). meore mxriv, pirobiTobis gamoyenebiT, is sakuTar normatul hegemonias awesebs samezobloSi, romelic iziarebs mosazrebas, rom demokratiuli qveynebi erTmaneTTan ar ibrZvian. amasTan, evrokavSiri monopolias qmnis imaze, Tu ras SeiZleba ewodos `evropeloba~ (iqve, 1606). udavoa, rom evrokavSiris sasurvel imijs pozitiuri gavlena aqvs masTan asocirebuli qveynis sagareo imijzec. swored amitom miiCneva, rom evrokavSiris mxridan asocirebis xelSekrulebis farg-lebSi amoqmedebul pirobiTobasTan erTad, uSualod wevrobis msurveli qveynis mxridanac xdeba evrokavSiris praqtikebis danergva imis miuxedavad, aris Tu ara es gaTvaliswinebuli asocirebis samoqmedo gegmaSi (Schimmelfennig, 2010). aRniSnuli qmedeba miCneulia evropeizaciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan meqa-nizmad, romlis drosac wevrobis msurveli qveynebi, `evropul ojaxSi~ mosaxvedrad, evrokavSiris `normatul mibaZvas~ cdi-loben (Borzel, 2015, 24).

kvlevis Sedegebs Tu daveyrdnobiT, aRniSnuli strategia saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSic qmediTia. evrokavSiris prestiJuli

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imijis `gadmodinebis efeqti~ saqarTveloze, rogorc arawevr qveyanaze, ori gziT vrceldeba: erTi mxriv, qarTuli xelisu-flebisa da sazogadoebis mier deklarirebuli èvropuli arCevanis~ diskursiT, meore mxriv ki, evrokavSirTan mzardi TviTasociaciiT. am TviTasociaciis magaliTad erT-erTma re-spondentma sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos mier evrokavSiris poziciis oficialuri gazi-areba daasaxela:

ès erT-erTi gamoxatuleba da dasturia, rom Sen am didi ojaxis wevri xar da Sens pozicias afiqsireb. miuxedavad imi-sa, rom bolomde wevri ar xar da teqstze zegavlena ar gaqvs, es mainc prestiJulia~ (i.C., politikosi, saparlamento umci-resoba).

rogorc zemoT moyvanil citataSia aRniSnuli, evrokavSir-Tan asocireba sulac ar gulisxmobs qveynis mier asocirebis xelSekrulebaze gavlenis moxdenis SesaZleblobas, Tumca prestiJulia, radgan èvropuli ojaxis~ wevrobis gancdas qm-nis. samecniero literatura cxadyofs, rom araTu arawevri qveynebis wvdomaa SezRuduli amgvar meqanizmebze, aramed wevri qveynebis xmis siZlierec gansxvavebulia. magaliTad, germania gansakuTrebuli xmis uflebiT sargeblobs, radgan misi ekonomikuri wona yvelaze didia evrokavSirSi da swored isaa mTavari savaWro partniori rogorc wevrebisTvis, aseve potenciuri wevrebisTvis. aseve, mniSvnelovani moTamaSeebi arian safrangeTi, italia da didi britaneTi (Copeland, 2014, 471). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, axali wevri qveynebis statu-si evrokavSiris SigniT SeiZleba aRiweros, rogorc umcrosi partniorisa, miuxedavad evrokavSiris wevrebis gacxadebuli Tanasworobisa (iqve). es statusi ki damokidebulia aRniSnuli qveynis ekonomikur da politikur gamocdilebaze. miuxedavad am diferenciaciisa, rac evrokavSiris SigniT axal gariyvebs iwvevs (Trenz, 2011, 213), arawevri qveynebi (romelTac umcrosi partioris statusic ki ar aqvT miniWebuli) mainc cdiloben `normatuli mibaZvis~ safuZvelze evrokavSirTan asocirebas, radgan swored am gziT moelian misi mxridan pozitiur Sefase-bas. saqarTvelos msgavsi patara qveynisTvis ki, romelic sab-

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WoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg, sasurveli politikuri imijis Seqmnas cdilobs, msgavsi `normatuli mibaZva~ sakuTari saer-TaSoriso poziciis gacxadebisa da saerTaSoriso asparezze adgilis damkvidrebis mTavar strategias warmoadgens.

èvropul ojaxSi~ dabrunebis diskursi

2004 wlis 1 maiss, TiTqmis naxevari saukunis manZilze civi omis pirobebSi, CerCilis sityvebiT, `rkinis fardis~ miRma myofi qveynebi evrokavSirma gaaerTiana. am faqtTan dakavSire-buli sentimenti xSirad moixsenieba fraziT èvropul ojax-Si dabruneba~. es procesi warmoadgenda ara ubralod kore-qtivebis Setanas omis Semdgom usamarTlobaSi, rac evropis politikur, ekonomikur da socialur dayofaSi gamoixate-boda, aramed centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis integraciis aucileblobaSi rwmenasac, risi miRwevac mxolod evrokavSiris sruli wevrobis pirobebSi iyo SesaZlebeli. frazam èvropul ojaxSi dabruneba~ politikuri simbolos datvirTva SeiZina (Butler, 2014).

èvropul ojaxSi dabrunebis~ idea erT-erT umTavres grand-narativad~ iqca qarTuli proevropuli politikuri ZalebisT-visac. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTi respondentis mosazre-biT, es ubralod miTia da realobasTan saerTo araferi aqvs, aRniSnuli diskursi qveynis evropeizaciaSi Zalian mniSvnelo-van rols asrulebs. unda iTqvas, rom qarTul realobaSi, èv-ropul ojaxSi dabrunebis~ `tradiciis gamogoneba~ (Hobsbawm, Ranger, 1983) is ZiriTadi strategiaa, romlis meSveobiTac miza-nmimarTulad xdeba eris evropul ZirebTan dakavSireba. amitom ara aqvs mniSvneloba, èvropul ojaxSi dabruneba~ miTia Tu re-aloba, radgan, orive SemTxvevaSi, evropeizaciis xelSemwyobad gvevlineba. kvlevis monawileebic iziareben saqarTvelos èv-ropul ojaxSi dabrunebis~ ideas da misi marTebulobis dasas-abuTeblad sxvadasxva arguments iSvelieben.

erT-erTi dominanturi diskursi saqarTvelos, rogorc istoriulad evropulis, xazgasmaa, romlis Tanaxmad, saqa-rTvelo qristianuli kulturis da Rirebulebebis qveyanaa

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da swored qristianuli msoflmxedveloba xdis mas evropis nawilad. respondentebis nawili saqarTvelos SedarebiT axal istoriasac ki iSveliebs, kerZod, 1918-21 wlebis damoukide-blobis periods, romlis safuZvelzec acxadebs, rom saqa-rTvelo udavod evropuli sivrcis nawili iyo, razec im-droindeli politikuri, sazogadoebrivi da media-diskursic metyvelebs. Tumca, Zaladobrivad moxda qveynis evropisgan mowyveta, amitom saqarTvelos evropisken swrafva bunebrivia (am diskurss xSirad aJRereben politikosebi, risi nimuSicaa Tavdacvis ministris, Tina xidaSelis mier ukanasknel xanebSi gakeTebuli gancxadeba, rusTavi 2, 05.04.2016). am konteqstSi, mkveTri zRvaria gavlebuli evropasa da ruseTs Soris: pirve-lis sasargeblod arCevanis gakeTeba `organulad~ saxeldeba, meoris sasargeblod ki _ `xelovnurad.”

`qarTveli xalxi mzadaa, ,evropul ojaxSi’ dabrunebdes. Cven pirvelad ar gvaqvs evropasTan urTierToba, ubralod, Cvenma istoriam ase moitana; urTierToba gvqonda saberZneTTan da ev-ropasTan, mudmivad gacvla-gamocvlis arealSi viyaviT, Cven da-brunebis momenti gvaqvs da es ar unda gagviWirdes… evropasTan ufro meti Sexebis wertili gvaqvs, vidre ruseTTan. amitom unda gavakeToT informirebuli arCevani. am dros gamoCndeba, ra aris xalxisTvis organuli da ra _ xelovnuri. xSirad, saWiroa mizan-mimarTuli, daJinebuli reformebi, rom gaagebino xalxs, ra aris kargi~ (T. n eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

`Cveni xalxis arCevani evropis sivrcis nawilad yofna iyo, razec metyvelebs imdroindeli [1918-21 wlebis] presa, parlamen-ti da sazogadoebrivi diskursi, rac Sewyda Zaladobrivad; Sesa-bamisad, unda moxdes dabruneba, rac moxda baltiis qveynebSi. es unda iyos Cveni erovnuli narativi~ (d.l., politikosi, saparla-mento umciresoba).

saqarTvelos evropulobis argumentad respondentebs is faqtic mohyavT, rom qveyana im idealebis mimdevari iyo, romelic evropelebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli _ esaa multi-kulturalizmi, tolerantoba, demokratiuloba, qalis pati-viscema da sxva msgavsi Rirebulebebi, rac, maTi azriT, `Sina-ganad evropelobis~ gamoxatulebaa.

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`1918 wels saqarTvelo gaxda damoukidebeli ruseTis im-periisgan da miiRo erT-erTi pirveli yvelaze demokratiuli konstitucia, Cveni pirveli respublikis konstitucia; erT-erTi pirveli sayovelTao arCevnebi Catarda, roca qalebsac hqondaT xmis ufleba. safrangeTma ki es dauSva 1946 wels, didma britaneTma _ 1942 wels da, am TvalsazrisiT, Cveni pirveli so-cialur-demokratiuli mTavroba iyo~ (T.x., politikosi, sapar-lamento umciresoba).

`vici es istoria. es yvelaferi legendebi xom ar aris, ara? me maqvs fantastiuri magaliTi, rom ager erTi xelis gulze abano-TubanSi dgas sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis taZrebi. me marTla arsad minaxavs msgavsi raRaca, xo? anu me vTvli, rom rac aris Sinagani, arsebiTi, iyo tolerantoba, iyo mimtevebloba, is, rac aris evro-puli Rirebuleba~ (n.o., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

msgavsi narativi Cveulia qarTuli politikuri elitisTvis. magaliTad, saqarTvelos parlamentis Tavmjdomare, daviT usuf-aSvili aRniSnavs, rom `saqarTvelo iyo evropa jer kidev maSin, rodesac evropam Tavad ar icoda, rom iyo evropa~ (pirveli radio, 05.06.2015). is xazs usvams, rom is civilizacia, romlis logikuri gagrZeleba dRevandeli evropa da evrokavSiria, sa-Taves im periodidan iRebs, roca saqarTvelo misi Semadgeneli nawili iyo. kiTxva _ varT Tu ara evropis nawili? _ ki ar unda idges Cven winaSe, aramed kiTxva _ ramdenad swrafad Segvi-Zlia davZlioT is CamorCena, romelic gamowveulia 200-wliani saxelmwifoebriobis arqoniT, ruseTis batonobaSi yofniT da misgan momdinare problemebiT? usufaSvilis TqmiT, `evropa gvinda ara imitom, rom politikosebi da elitebi cxovrobdnen kargad, aramed imitom, rom soflad da qalaqad mcxovrebi mo-qalaqeebi cxovrobdnen kargad, hqondeT usafrTxoebis ganc-da da gancda, rom saxelmwifo zrunavs maTze~ (iqve).

aqve unda aRiniSnos aradominanturi, magram saintereso mosazrebac, rom erTmaneTisagan unda gaimijnos cxovrebis yofiTi da RirebulebiTi aspeqtebi. am Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, yofiT doneze, saqarTvelo aziuri qveyanaa, RirebulebiTi sistemis mxriv ki _ evropuli. evrointegraciis procesma unda uzrunvelyos, rom RirebulebiTi sistema saqarTvelos

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mosaxleobis yofiT kulturaSi Tu yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi integrirdes.

`me vrwmundebi imaSi, rom Cven varT yofiTi kultura, erT-mniSvnelovnad mcire azia; aranairi gansxvaveba ar aris Cvensa da palestinel arabebs Soris. rac Seexeba RirebulebiT siste-mas, Cven varT evropa, qristianuli ideologiis gamo. qarTul identobas, erTi mxriv, qmnis yofa, romelic aris winaaziuri kulturis gasxivosnebuli magaliTi da, meore mxriv, qris-tianuli msoflmxedveloba, ris gamoc varT evropis nawili. evrointegracia amas niSnavs, rom es ideologiuri nawili unda iTarmnos yofiT kulturaSi~ (n.c., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswav-lebeli).

Tumca, xazgasasmelia, rom yvela respondenti erTnairi optimizmiT ar uyurebs saqarTvelos èvropulobas~ da arian iseTebic, vinc sakmaod kritikul Sefasebebs iZlevian. isini skeptikurad udgebian qarTvelebis tolerantobasa da evro-puli Rirebulebebis erTgulebas; metic, maTi azriT, Tavad evrokavSiris wevr yvela qveyanasac ki ver vuwodebT toler-antuls. magram, aqve gaJRerebulia azri, rom naklebi toler-antobis miuxedavad, saqarTveloSi arsebobs Canasaxebi, ro-melic optimizmis safuZvels iZleva.

èvrokavSirSic mTlad tolerantuli sazogadoebebi ar gvaqvs. is, rom dRes Cven varT tolerantuli sazogadoeba, es miTia, magram amis Canasaxebi rom arsebobda, es realobaa. saqa-rTvelos zogierT regions rom SevxedoT, amis naTeli maga-liTia meCeTi, sinagoga da a.S.~ (T.n., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

kidev erTi mniSvnelovani diskursis Tanaxmad, èv-ropul ojaxSi dabrunebis~ idea ubralod miTia, romlis ti-raJirebasac politikosebi da sazogadoebis cnobili saxeebi axdenen. miCneulia, rom es miTi, iseve rogorc prodasavluro-baze apelireba, `politikuri marketingis~ nawilia, romelic kargad ìyideba~ qarTvel eleqtoratSi.

ès legenda saidan modis, aravin icis, an viciT, magram re-alur safuZvels moklebulia. sazogadoeba bmuls akeTebs

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sulxan-saba orbelianTan, magram istorias Tu gadavxe-davT, Cven evropasTan Ria wiaRsvlebi, garkveuli gamonak-lisebis garda, ar gvqonia. Cveni dRevandeli sazogadoebis gadawyvetilebis mimRebebma Seqmnes miTi, rom es Cveni istori-uli arCevania. amas ambobs prezidenti, premieri, sazogadoebis umravlesobisTvis dadebiTad aRqmadi da cnobadi adamianebi amkvidreben am miTs, rac aris tyuili~ (k.u., eqsperti, arasam-Tavrobo organizacia).

warmodgenili narativis Tanaxmad, evropis, rogorc saqarT-velos istoriuli arCevanis, warmoCena politikuri elitebis Seqmnili miTia, ris safuZvelzec qarTvelis evropelobis `tradiciis gamogoneba~ xdeba. Tumca, Tavad es idea imdenad sakvanZo mniSvnelobis mqoned miiCneva, rom kvlevis monawilee-bi xazs usvamen misi mudmivi aqtualizaciisa da sazogadoebaSi tiraJirebis aucileblobas.

ganxiluli poziciebi rom SevajamoT, saqarTvelos evro-peizaciis process respondentebi ramdenime mimarTulebiT xedaven, rac samecniero literaturaSi warmodgenil dis-kurssac emTxveva: erTis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo Tavisi Rire-bulebebiT evropis nawilia da im bunebriv garemosTan dab-runebis miswrafebas avlens, romelsac amdeni xnis manZilze xelovnurad iyo mowyvetili; Sesabamisad, evropeizacia Rire-bulebebiT marTuli procesia. respondentTa meore nawilis azriT, evropeizaciis warmmarTvelia saqarTvelos erovnuli interesebi da, gansakuTrebiT, usafrTxoebis dacvis sakiTxi, rac maTi pragmatuli xedvis gamoxatulebaa. amis sapirispi-rod, arsebobs mosazreba, rom saqarTvelos evropisadmi mis-wrafeba identobiTaa nakarnaxevi da nakleb motivirebulia qveynis erovnuli interesebis da usafrTxoebis dacvis prag-matuli gaTvlebiT. Tumca, unda iTqvas, rom realoba gac-ilebiT kompleqsuria da saqarTvelos mcdeloba, evropul da ara postsabWour saxelmwifod warmoaCinos Tavi, erovnul interesebTan da usafrTxoebasTan mWidrodaa gadajaWvuli, da swored identobis wyalobiTaa win wamoweuli saqarTvelos sagareo politikaSi (German, 2015, 611).

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qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebi msgavseba-gansxvavebis WrilSi

rogorc aRiniSna, kulturuli Rirebulebebi da identoba qveynis evropeizaciis mimarTulebis mimcemi umTavresi faq-torebia (Topic, 2012); ufro metic, erovnuli identifikacia safuZvlad udevs evropul identifikacias da am ukanasknelT-an dakavSirebuli procesebis gasagebad aucilebelia erovnu-li identifikaciis cvlilebis siRrmiseuli analizi (Duchesne, 2011). swored amitomaa, rom `evropul ojaxSi dabrunebis~ ide-aze saubrisas, Cveni kvlevis monawileebi qarTuli Rirebule-bebis evropulTan msgavsebaze amaxvileben yuradRebas, rasac, pirvel rigSi, qristianul msoflmxedvelobasTan akavSireben. am gziT, isini qarTuli identobis evropulTan siaxloves usvamen xazs. miuxedavad am msgavsebis xazgasmisa, maT Sexed-ulebebSi qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebis Tavsebadobis Sesaxeb sami gansxvavebuli diskursi ikveTeba: a) qarTvelebs da evropelebs identuri Rirebulebebi aqvT; b) qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebi gansxvavdeba, Tumca maTi fundamenti mainc msgavsia; g) qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebi gansx-vavdeba da evropuli upiratesia.

qarTvelebs da evropelebs identuri Rirebulebebi aqvT. am diskursis Tanaxmad, qarTuli Rirebulebebi, Tavisi arsiT, evropuli Rirebulebebia. rogorc erT-erTma respondentma aRniSna, `rac qarTulia, is evropulia.~ amis magaliTad moyva-nilia tolerantoba, rogorc qarTvelebisTvis damaxasiaTebe-li istoriuli Tviseba, raSic, rogorc wina qveTavSic aRiniSna, moiazreba eTnikuri da religiuri umciresobebis mimRebloba, qalis pativiscema (rac miCneulia genderuli Tanasworobis gamoxatulebad) da sxv. amave konteqstSia ganxiluli Taname-drove qarTvelebis miswrafeba demokratiuli faseulobebis damkvidrebisa da samoqalaqo CarTulobisken, rac, respon-dentebis TqmiT, `demokratiuli da evropuli principebia.~ amdenad, isini tolobis xazs svamen `demokratiulsa~ da `ev-ropuls~ Soris, da demokratiuli qveynis Senebis mcdeloba qarTvelebis evropelobis gamoxatulebad miaCniaT.

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`saqarTvelo istoriulad yovelTvis iyo tolerantuli. tradiciulad pativs scemdnen sxvis uflebebs. erovnuli umciresobebis da im adamianebis mimarT, romlebic ar iyvnen aqauri kulturis wevrebi, ar iyo mtruli ganwyoba. vfiqrob, evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba daexmareba qveyanas am faseulobis kidev ufro metad aRiarebaSi da danergvaSi~ (e.T., politiko-si, saparlamento umciresoba).

`me vfiqrob, rom qarTuli Rirebulebebi aris evropuli Rirebulebebi da rac ewinaaRmdegeba evropul Rirebulebebs, arc qarTulia. adamianis uflebebis dacva, qalis pativiscema, anu genderuli sakiTxi, religiuri mravalferovnebis Tema, zogadad, umciresobebis Tema aris qarTuli Rirebulebac imitom, rom Cven yovelTvis vambobT, rom varT Zalian mimte-veblebi. aseve, es aris evropuli Rirebulebebic. religiuri, eTnikuri umciresobebis, enis, kulturuli identobebis dac-va, Tavisuflebis da damoukidelobis siyvaruli, eris pativ-iscema, survili, rom gvqondes demokratiuli qveyana, sity-vis Tavisuflebis survili, procesSi CarTulobis survili, es yvelaferi demokratiuli da evropuli principebia. me ver vxedav veranair winaaRmdegobas: rac qarTulia, is evropulia~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

aqve aRsaniSnavia argumentic, romelic qarTvelebis evro-pelobas `banaluri evropeizmis~ (Cram, 2009) konteqstSi ga-nixilavs, kerZod, qarTvelebis yofiT evropeizmze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. `banaluri evropeizmis~ cneba `banaluri nacio-nalizmis~ cnebas (Billig, 1995) efuZneba da gulisxmobs, rom, rogorc erTan, aseve evropasTan identifikacias aZlierebs yoveldRiuri, ubralo praqtikebi da simboloebi, romlebic adamianebis cxovrebaSi gaucnobiereblad arsebobs; magali-Tad, evropuli marTvis mowmobis an evros arseboba, evropuli politikis ambebis kiTxva gazeTebSi da a.S. marTalia, am Sem-TxvevaSi, zemoxsenebuli simboloebi ver iqneba qarTvelebis `banaluri evropeizmis~ nimuSi, magram SesaZloa aseTad CaiT-valos iseTi simboloebi, rogoricaa evrokavSiris droSa, ro-melic saqarTveloSi yvela saxelmwifo uwyebas amSvenebs, an qvemoT warmodgenil narativSi xazgasmuli saerTo `yofiTi

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kultura~, rogorc evropasTan identifikaciis maCvenebeli.

`umetesoba qarTvelebisa, romlebic evropaSi cxovroben an arian nacxovrebi, rom gamokiTxoT, yvelani ityvian, rom maT ev-ropaSi cxovreba ar uWirdaT. materialurze ar vsaubrob, anu maT ar uWirdaT adamianebTan urTierToba, maTTan damegobreba, iseT qveynebSic ki, romlebic Zalian Caketil qveynebad iTvleba, sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, didi britaneTi an holandia SedarebiT Caketili sazogadoebebia. iqac ki qarTvelebi axerxeben karg komunikacias da damegobre-bas adgilobrivebTan da es xazs usvams imas, rom qarTvelebisT-vis evropuli kultura im TvalsazrisiT, anu Tu gnebavT, evro-puli yofiTi kulturac ki, aris sruliad misaRebi. anu urT-ierTobis is yofiTi wesebi, romelic iq aris, qarTvelebisTvis misaRebia~ (l.d., eqsperti, saxelmwifo struqtura).

wina argumentisgan gansxvavebiT, respondentTa nawili de-mokratiul Rirebulebebs ara specifikur-evropulad, aramed universalurad miiCnevs da swored am universalurobis gamo qarTvelebic imave Rirebulebebis matareblad miaCnia. Tu ada-mianis uflebebis dacva da tolerantoba SeiZleba evropul Rirebulebebad CaiTvalos, isini, aseve, universaluri Rireb-ulebebia, amdenad, qarTulic.

`kanonis uzenaesoba, wesiereba, politikuri oponentis pa-tiviscema, civilizebuli diskusia, ar mgonia, rom romelime qarTul RirebulebasTan winaaRmdegobaSi iyos. is Rirebule-bebi, romlebsac qarTul Rirebulebebad warmoaCenen, xSir SemTxvevaSi, ubralod Cvevebia. ojaxis an mSoblebis pativis-cema evropuli Rirebulebac aris~ (d.l., politikosi, sapar-lamento umciresoba).

`darwmunebuli var, gamokiTxva ase martivad rom Cavatar-oT saqarTvelos moqalaqeebSi, yvela ityvis, rom, diax, adami-anebisTvis unda arsebobdes saxelmwifo, adamiani unda iyos yvelaze maRali Rirebuleba da yvelaferi sxva am Rirebule-bebis irgvliv unda trialebdes. swored eg aris evropuli Ri-rebulebebic~ (i.l., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

alternatiuli diskursis Tanaxmad, qarTuli da evropuli

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Rirebulebebi gansxvavdeba, Tumca maTi fundamenti mainc ms-gavsia. aq aRniSnulia, rom qarTul da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris gansxvaveba ar aris fundamenturi; maT Soris Tanxvedra metia, vidre gansvla. xazgasmulia, rom msgavsi gansxvavebebi evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs Sorisac SeiniSneba, Tumca evroka-vSiris devizidan gamomdinare, rom `erToba mravalferovne-baSia~, is gansxvavebuli kulturuli Taviseburebebis mqone erebs aerTianebs da am sxvaobebs ar Seuqmnia dabrkoleba ev-rointegraciis gzaze.

`iseTi fundamenturi gansxvavebebi ar arsebobs, Tumca zogs sxvagvarad warmoudgenia evropuli Rirebulebebi da kultura. me rasac vuyureb Cemi gadmosaxedidan, fundamen-turi gasnxvavebebi ar arsebobs da, piriqiT, Tanxvedraa isto-riuladac da kulturis istoriidan gamomdinarec. me mgoni, rom Tanxvedra ufro metia, vidre gansxvaveba. ra Tqma unda, evrokavSiris qveynebs SigniTac aris gansxvavebebi da ase Tu SevxedavT, SeiZleba raRac ufskruli davinaxoT; Tuki gan-vazogadebT, maSin saerTo ufro metia, vidre gansxvaveba~ (z.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

marTalia, rig aspeqtebSi respondentebi udavod amCneven qa-rTul da evropul xedvebs Soris gansvlas, magram amas ori sx-vadasxva argumentiT xsnian: erTi mosazrebiT, is, rac qarTul Rirebulebebad miiCneva, magaliTad, e.w. `CaSvebis instituti-sadmi~ winaaRmdegoba, favoritizmi da sxv. saerTod ver CaiT-vleba Rirebulebebad, radgan, am SemTxvevaSi, saqme gvaqvs sab-Wour gadmonaSTebTan da `gamrudebul damokidebulebebTan.~

`magaliTad, is, rom ar unda CauSva viRaca. magaliTad, kacma mokla kaci da Sen ar unda daasmino, anu unda misce saSualeba, rom iman moklas meore kaci. Zalian bevrs hgonia, rom es qarTu-li faseulobaa. am dros es qarTuli faseuloba araa, es aris gamrudebuli damokidebuleba sazogadoebrivi pasuxismge-blobis mimarT~ (l.d., eqsperti, saxelmwifo struqtura).

meore mosazrebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom amJamad qarTuli Rirebulebebi naklebad hgavs evropuls, warsulSi saqarTvelo namdvilad iyo evropuli Rirebulebebis mqone. erT-erTi re-

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spondenti amis magaliTad 1918-1921 wlebis saqarTvelos asax-elebs, roca man ruseTisgan damoukidebloba moipova da de-mokratiuli ganviTarebis kursi aiRo. sxva narativis Tanaxmad, Tu dRes qarTvelebi nakleb tolerantulebi arian, Tundac religiuri umciresobebis mimarT, warsulidan SemorCenilia amgvari tolerantobis samxili, kerZod, sxvadasxva sarwmunoe-bis adamianebis gverdigverd aSenebuli salocavebi.

evropuli Rirebulebebis dakargva Tu warTmeva xSirad sab-WoTa gavlenebs miewereba. erT-erTi eqsperti miiCnevs, rom ar-sebiTi gansxvaveba sabWoTa da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris swored umciresobebis mimarT damokidebulebaSia. evropuli individualizmi TiToeul adamians iTvaliswinebs maSin, roca sabWouri koleqtivizmi individis ignorirebas axdens. swored es ukanaskneli ganixileba qarTvelebisTvis Tavsmoxveulad sabWoTa reJimis mier.

`evropuli Rirebulebebi, zogadad, rogorc civiluri samyaros Rirebuleba, dgas erT adamianze, misi sruli uni-versalurobis aRiarebaze da imaze, rom es adamiani aris is, romelic unda daicvas saxelmwifom, es adamiani aris is, romelzec unda izrunos saxelmwifom, es adamiani aris is, romlis Tavisuflebac mTavrdeba iq, sadac iwyeba meore adami-ani da a.S. anu, es adamianis uflebebis mTeli Teoriaa, razedac dgas fundamenti. meore mxriv, aris sabWoTa mentaliteti, ro-melic dadis individis, rogorc aseTis, srul ignorirebamde da marto individis ignorirebas ki ar axdens, aramed absolu-turad uaryofs adamianebis gansxvavebulobas~ (n.o., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

sabWoTa kavSirTan asocirebuli ruseTi, respondentebis mosazrebebSi, xSirad ikveTeba, rogorc negatiuri `sxva~, `cudi~ alternativa, romelic `karg~ evropas upirispirdeba: ruseTi qarTuli erovnuli identobisTvis safrTxedaa danax-uli, xolo evropa _ am identobis SenarCunebis gzad. amdenad, qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebis gansxvavebulad warmo-Cenas respondentebi antidasavlur propagandas miaweren, rom-lis medroSeebad ruseTsa da saqarTveloSi arsebul proru-sul Zalebs moiazreben.

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msgavsi pozicia Zalian hgavs aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis qveynebis elitebis xedvas evrokavSirTan integraci-is procesSi, roca dominanturi gaxda `evropul ojaxSi da-brunebis~ diskursi (Kuus, 2007). misi xelSemwyobi erT-erTi faqtori evrokavSiris, rogorc ruseTis agresiisgan dac-vis garantis, ganxilva iyo (Mole, 2007). amis mizezia is, rom, erTi mxriv, aseT qveynebSi identobis diskurss mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs usafrTxoebis sakiTxebi; xolo ruseTi, rogorc evropis `sxva~ (Neumann, 1996), romelic evropuli identobi-sTvis safrTxed aRiqmeba (Ilonski, 2009), evropuli da erovnuli identobebis erTian mobilizebas axdens (Kuus, 2007, 17-18, 116-117); meore mxriv ki, Tavad dasavleT evropis mier aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis orientalizacia (Todorova, 1997), garkveul-wilad, swored maTi komunisturi gamocdilebis niadagze xde-ba, radgan maT sabWouri `orientaluri~ mentalobis nawilad ganixilavs (Kuus, 2007, 22-23).

kidev erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, qarTuli da evropuli Ri-rebulebebi gansxvavdeba da evropa upiratesi Rirebulebebis mqonea. evropuli Rirebulebebis magaliTebad moyvanilia Sro-mismoyvareoba, gansxvavebulis mimarT mimRebloba da misi socialur-politikuri monawileobis daSveba, drois dafaseba, nagvis urnaSi gadayra, kritikuli azrovneba, Tundac politi-kuri arCevanis partiis programis mixedviT gakeTeba. miCneu-lia, rom qarTvelebi am yvelafris deficits ganicdian. am-denad, evropul RirebulebebTan daaxloeba saqarTvelosTvis ganviTarebisa da progresis SesaZleblobadaa danaxuli da ara qarTuli RirebulebebisTvis safrTxis momtanad.

`sargebeli iqneba evropul faseulobebTan daaxloeba, rac SeiZleba cota gansxvavdeba Cveni tradiciuli kultur-isgan, magram bevrad ufro Rirebulia. Cemi azriT, is, Tu ro-gor uyureben isini adamianur urTierTobebs, rasac CvenTan, tradiciulad, sxvanairad uyureben, es kombinacia Cven dadeb-iTis mets arafers mogvitans. me vfiqrob, rom Cven tradiciebs da Rirebulebebs safrTxe ar emuqreba, Tu Cven movufrTxil-debiT da SevinaxavT~ (n.d., samTavrobo struqtura).

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`azrovneba aris CemTvis evropuli Rirebuleba. is, rom me aravis ar unda vuyuro. ar unda mainteresebdes prezidenti, premier-ministri, vin mova da vin wava, maTi saxeebi CemTvis arafers ar unda niSnavdes; Cemi megobris naTesavia, daqalis qmaria Tu vin aris, xom? me unda wavikiTxo, misi politikuri platforma ras mTavazobs, ras mpirdeba, ra gaukeTebia, es unda Sevafaso da ise unda wavide da mivce arCevnebze xma. es aris CemTvis evropuli Rirebuleba~ (n.o., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

`meore mxriv, Rirebulebebis skalaze gvWirdeba imis gac-nobiereba, rom Cven Tu ar viswavleT gansxvavebulis atana da imis dafaseba, rom Cvengan gansxvavebuli adamiani Cven gver-diT unda arsebobdes da CvenTan erTad monawileobdes poli-tikur, ekonomikur da socialur cxovrebaSi, Cven ver gavxdeb-iT evropa. aq laparaki imaze ki araa, rom gavxdeT evrokavSiris wevri, aramed RirebulebiT Cven Signidan varT Tu ara iseTive sazogadoeba, rogoricaa sloveniuri, iralandiuri, portuga-liuri da a.S. da Cven aseTi sazogadoeba ver gavxdebiT, Tu es ori rame ver gaviazreT: Sroma da gansxvavebulis atana~ (i.C., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

sainteresoa, rom tolerantoba, romelic evropul Rireb-ulebad miiCneva, mniSvnelovan argumentad gvevlineba sxvadasx-va mosazrebis mqone respondentebis mxridan: Tu zogisTvis saqarTvelo imiT hgavs evropas, rom tolerantulia, sxvebi-sTvis swored imiT gansxvavdeba evropisgan, rom tolerantu-li ar aris. am SemTxvevaSi, sagulisxmoa, rom respondentebi tolerantobis msgavsi indikatorebiT ar xelmZRvaneloben: Tu erTi mxare tolerantobas saqarTvelos eTnikur mraval-ferovnebasa da sxvadasxva sarwmunoebis salocavebis arsebobas ukavSirebs, sxvebisTvis ganmsazRvreli umciresobebis mimarT amJamad arsebuli nakleb Semwynarebluri damokidebuleba da qveynis socialur, politikur da ekonomikur cxovrebaSi maTi CaurTvelobaa.

Tumca isinic ki, vinc Tundac TvalsaCino gansxvavebebs xe-daven qarTul da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris, mainc poziti-ur cvlilebebs elian evropul RirebulebebTan Tanmimdevru-

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li daaxloebis TvalsazrisiT da miiCneven, rom am procesis Sedegad, qarTuli Rirebulebebi ki ar daikargeba, aramed garkveul sinTezs Tu brikolaJs eqneba adgili, rac samec-niero literaturaSi `evrolokalizaciis~ (Morawska, 2003, 182) saxeliTaa cnobili.

`raRaceebi hibriduli Camoyalibdeba. amas yoveldRiurad vxvdebiT. axla is, rac, vTqvaT, Cemi studentobis dros ucxo da miuRebelic iyo, dRes Cveulebrivi ambavia... cxovreba midis, kulturebis Serwyma xdeba, raRaca ikargeba, raRacas viZenT. es Cveulebrivi ambavia da jobia, es SeviZinoT, vidre is, rac sabWoTa kavSiridan SeviZineT Tavis droze~ (T.e., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

Tumca, aqve unda aRiniSnos argumenti, romelic evro-peizaciis kulturul safrTxeebze amaxvilebs yuradRebas. mis Tanaxmad, qarTulma sazogadoebam SesaZloa, evropuli Rirebulebebi damaxinjebuli saxiT SeiTvisos an maT mimarT uaryofiTi damokidebuleba gauCndes. am TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze mtkivneul sakiTxad lgbt Temis uflebebi ikveTeba. respondentebi mas manamde axsenebdnen, sanam uSualod inter-viueri Seexeboda am sakiTxs. respondentTa nawili imis demon-strirebas cdilobda, rom es sakiTxi ar modis winaaRmdegobaSi qarTul RirebulebebTan, radgan saubaria mxolod da mxolod lgbt pirebis Zaladobisa da diskriminaciisgan dacvaze da ara aratradiciuli qorwinebebis legalizaciaze, mosaxleoba ki swored homoseqsuali wyvilebis qorwinebas da maT mier bavSvis ayvanas ewinaaRmdegeba. aRiniSna, rom am TemiT antidasavluri Zalebi manipulireben da, xSir SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli eklesiis gamoyenebiT cdiloben, mosaxleoba evrokavSiris winaaRmdeg ganawyon. garda zemoxsenebuli mosazrebisa, gaiJRera argu-mentma, rom lgbt uflebebis sakiTxi sakmaod winaaRmdegobriv-ia Tavad evropis qveynebSic; qorwinebis dakanonebis sakiTxi ki mxolod mosaxleobis nebazea damokidebuli.

`arsebobs stereotipebi, romlis mixedviTac, evrokavSirSi integracia niSnavs erTsqesiani wyvilebis qorwinebis aRiare-bas. es stereotipebi inergeba sazogadoebaSi, amas akeTebs is, vinc winaaRmdegia evrokavSirSi integraciis. vfiqrob, rom

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Segnebulad xdeba am stereotipebis danergva~ (e.T., poli-tikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

`evropaSi, magaliTad, poloneTSi, romelic uwmindesi ojaxis tradiciebis qveyanaa, rom ilaparako homoseqsualebis mier ojaxis Seqmnaze, magaze SeiZleba mogklan kidec. arc ara-vin eubneba, ase iyoso. belgias unda? ki, batono, unda da aqvs kidec. zustad magiT gansxvavdeba sabWoTa kavSirisgan evro-pa, rom visac ra unda, is unda gaakeTos. belgias unda, nider-landebs moswons da man iseTi qveyana aaSena, rogoric unda. ma-gram espaneTSi es arasdros iqneba aqtualuri, ar iqneba~ (i.d., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

erT-erTi respondentis azriT, is, rom evrokavSiris yvela qveyana homoseqsualur qorwinebas ar akanonebs, myari argu-menti ar aris, radgan tendencia mainc dakanonebis mimarTule-biT midis. am SemTxvevaSi, respondenti saqarTvelos situa-cias danakargi-sargeblis WrilSi uyurebs, sadac danakargi SeiZleba iyos homoseqsualuri qorwineba, Tumca es araferia sargebelTan SedarebiT, romelic qveynis usafrTxoebasa da erovnuli interesebis dacvas ukavSirdeba.

am yvelafris gaTvaliswinebiT sainteresoa, rogor afase-ben kvlevaSi monawile politikosebi da eqspertebi uSualod asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Sedegebis gavlenas qa-rTvelebis `evropul identobaze.~ cnobilia, rom identobis erT-erTi maxasiaTebeli misi dinamiuroba Tu cvalebadobaa, kerZod, igi socialuri qmedebis procesSi iqmneba da gardai-qmneba, da socialuri aqtoris TviTaRqmasa da TviTaRiarebas gamoxatavs (Delanty, 2003). aqedan gamomdinare, sainteresoa, ro-gor cvlis qarTvelebis identobas da am identobis TviTaRq-mas maTi politikuri kursisa da xedvis ganmsazRvreli umniS-vnelovanesi movlena _ asocirebis SeTanxmebis xelmowera.

erT-erTi mosazrebiT, asocirebis SeTanxmebis xelmowera qarTvelebis evropul identobas ganamtkicebs, radgan is ev-rointegraciis mimarTulebiT gadadgmuli kidev erTi mniS-vnelovani nabijia. aseve, aRiniSna, rom amas mohyveba sxvadasxva saxis programebi, magaliTad, is, rom saqarTvelo Creative Eu-rope-is nawili gaxda da qarTuli kulturis xelSewyoba xdeba,

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rac, rogorc qarTuli kulturis popularizacias, ise evro-pul kulturaSi mis Semdgom integracias emsaxureba.

amis sapirispirod, zogi respondenti aRniSnavs, rom do-kumentis xelmowera pozitiuri, magram mainc simboluri aq-tia. evropuli identoba gamyardeba maSin, roca regionebSi mcxovrebi adamianebi uSualod SeigrZnoben evrointegraciis pozitiur Sedegebs. amas garda, identobas amyarebs ara imdenad dokumentis xelmowera, ramdenadac Tavad integraciis proce-si. SesaZloa, mosaxleoba Tavidan instrumentuli miznebisTvis irCevdes evropas, magram swori politikis gavleniT, Sesabamis Rirebulebebzec orientirdes. amdenad, Zalian mniSvnelova-nia, rom popularul doneze saTanado aqtivobebi ganxorciel-des da mosaxleobaSi evropuli Rirebulebebi dainergos, anu evropeizaciis formaluridan qceviT doneze gadatana moxdes (Schimmelfennig and Sedelmeier, 2005, 8).

`dRes es SeiZleba ar aris Zalian gacnobierebuli, an im TvalsazrisiT undodeT mxolod, rom evropaSi iaron, mo-saxlebam samuSao iSovos da naklebad _ evropuli Rirebule-bebis da faseulobebis gamo. droTa ganmavlobaSi es mova da xe-lisuflebazea damokidebuli, ramdenad sworad warmarTavs am politikas, ramdenad sworad miitans amas sazogadoebamde. am procesma unda gaaCinos es SegrZneba, rom evropa mxolod viza da samuSao adgili ar aris evropis qveynebSi, es aris im faseu-lobebisadmi erTguleba~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento um-ciresoba).

qarTuli nacionalizmi da evropuli postnacionalizmi

mkvlevarTa azriT, evrokavSiri postnacionalur ideas

efuZneba maSin, rodesac misi mosaxleobisTvis nacionaluri modelia TviTidentifikaciis normatuli safuZveli. amitomac evrokavSiris inteleqtualuri elitebi `evropuli identobis~ politikas iyeneben im mizniT, rom evrokavSiris sxvadasxva qvey-anaSi mcxovrebi adamianebi `socialuri weboTi~ daukavSiron erTmaneTs (Nanz, 2010, 285-289). marTalia, evropuli idento-

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bis proeqti elitebis inicirebulia, magram es ar gulisxmobs calsaxa, zemodan qvemoT mimarTul procesebs, radgan Se-Tavazebul repertuarebs adamianebi sakuTar yoveldRiuro-baSi Taviseburad gardaqmnian. am modelis mixedviT, evropuli identoba sociokulturuli da nacionaluri `xmebis~ dapiri-spirebis safuZvelze yalibdeba, rac, Tavis mxriv, ambivalen-tur identobebs qmnis. postnacionaluri an internacionaluri identobebis kvaldakval, evrointegraciam SeiZleba warmoSos TavdacviTi `lokalizmic~, rodesac sazRvrebis gaxsnas adami-anebi erovnuli da kulturuli identobis winaaRmdeg mimar-Tul safrTxed aRiqvamen (iqve, 281). qarTvelebis SemTxvevaSi, ambivalenturi identoba imiT gamoixateba, rom maTi Zlieri miswrafeba evrointegraciisadmi kombinirebulia evropeiza-ciis, rogorc erovnuli identobisadmi safrTxis matareblis, xedvasTan (wulaZe, gamoqveynebis procesSi).

miuxedavad imisa, rom Tavad evrokavSiri nacionalizmis Sesustebas cdilobs, imavdroulad, igi uneburad aZlierebs kidec mas. centraluri da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis mag-aliTze, mkvlevarebi nacionalizmis ukana karidan Semoparvis~ sam gzas ganixilaven: a) politikuri partiebi memarcxene-memar-jvene RerZidan erovnulobis RerZis garSemo trials iwyeben; b) evropul institutebs da diskursebs adgilobrivi nacio-nalistebi imisaTvis iyeneben, rom monaTesave erebSi saerTo nacionalisturi sentimentebi gaaRvivon; g) Cndebian da Zli-erdebian radikaluri nacionalistebi, romlebic, umetesad, politikuri institutebis miRma moqmedeben (Fox and Vermeersch, 2010, 326). aRsaniSnavia, rom neonacionalistebis evrokavSirisa da imigrantebis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli diskursebi imave termi-nebiT aris gajerebuli, romelTac evrokavSiris biurokratebi evropuli identobis ideis xelSesawyobad iyeneben. Sesabamis-ad, kulturulad gansazRvruli samSoblos cneba rogorc ev-rokavSiris sasargeblod, aseve mis winaaRmdeg SeiZleba iqnas gamoyenebuli (Kuus, 2007, 119).

aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis inteleqtualuri da politikuri elitebis magaliTze, mkvlevarebi ganixilaven strategiebs, romlebsac es elitebi evrokavSirTan mimarTebaSi iyeneben. rogorc wesi, ucxoeli auditoriisTvis gankuTvnili

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diskursebi ar asaxavs saSinao doneze mimdinare debatebs da marketingul svlebs ufro hgavs. amasaTan, es inteleqtualebi zog Temas met legitimurobas sZenen, xolo zogis marginali-zebas axdenen, raTa swored is Tqvan, risi mosmenac evrokavSirs surs (Kuus, 97-101, 106-109). sagulisxmoa, rom aRmosavleT da centraluri evropis elitebis msgavsad, qarTvelebic maqsim-alurad cdiloben evrokavSiris warmomadgenlebTan sakuTari evropelobis deklarirebas da imis Cvenebas, rom nacionaliz-mis safrTxe ar arsebobs, raTa evrokavSirisTvis socialurad sasurveli TviTprezentacia moaxdinon.

kvlevaSi monawile inteleqtualuri da politikuri elite-bi xazs usvamen, rom evropuli postnacionaluri idea sulac ar modis winaaRmdegobaSi qarTul nacionalur ideasTan. amas-Tan dakavSirebiT ramdenime argumenti gamoikveTa:

erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiri Tavadve dgas eri-saxelmwifoebis modelze. gadawyvetilebebs erovnuli mTav-robebi iReben. amdenad, gansxvavebiT qarTul sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli mosazrebisgan, rom evrokavSiri wevri qveynebis suverenitets asustebs, eqspertebi gamoTqvamen mosazrebas, rom evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Semdeg qveynebis damoukide-bloba da suvereniteti araTu mcirdeba, aramed izrdeba kidec, radgan evrokavSiri maTi usafrTxoebis dacvisa da TviTmyo-fadobis SenarCunebis garantia.

`evrokavSiri Tavs ar axvevs romelime qveyanas reformas. qveynis erovnuli mTavrobis gadasawyvetia yvela reforma da kursi, aseve yvela gadawyvetileba, romelsac mTavroba mi-iRebs. [...] rac Seexeba nacionalizms da damoukideblobas, ev-rokavSirSi aris 28 qveyana, arc erT maTgans ar aqvs imis gancda, rom misi damoukidebloba SezRudulia, an misi suvereniteti CaxSobil iqna. piriqiT, es qveynebi arian damoukidebeli qvey-nebi da kidev ufro ganviTardnen mas Semdeg, rac gaxdnen ev-rokavSiris wevrebi, gaxdnen ufro Zlierebi, daculebi da de-mokratiulebi~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

rac Seexeba im qveynebis evrokavSirTan integracias, sadac erovnuli sentimentebi sakmaod Zlieria, saqarTvelo gansa-

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kuTrebul SemTxvevad ar moiazreba, radgan, rogorc erT-erTma respondentma aRniSna, ara marto saqarTveloSi, ar-amed evrokavSirSic arian partiebi, romlebic, nacionalizmis niadagze, antiemigraciul politikas atareben.

`romel postnacionalizmzea saubari, partiebi iqmneba ev-ropaSi imis kvalobaze, rom ar undaT migrantebi~ (n.S., eqsper-ti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

meore diskursiT, nacionalizmi mxolod uaryofiTi kuTxiT ar unda iqnas danaxuli. gamoiyo sxvadasxva tipis nacional-izmi, romelic respondentebs pozitiurad miaCniaT da Tvlian, rom sulac ar ewinaaRmdegeba evrokavSiris ideas, kerZod, samoqalaqo nacionalizmi (eTnikuri nacionalizmis sawinaaR-mdegod), rogorc `saqarTvelos gadarCenis erTaderTi gza.~

`modernuli gagebiT, nacionalizmi aris erTaderTi, rac saSaulebas aZlevs sxvadasxva eTnikur jgufebs, iyvnen integ-rirebulni da saxelmwifos ideis nawilni, da es aris saqarT-velos gadarCenis erTaderTi gza, araTu winaaRmdegobaSi mo-dis masTan. rac Seexeba eTnikur nacionalzms, es aris daRupvis recepti CvenTvis. vinc pozicionirebs am saxis patriotizmiT da eTnikuri nacionaliziT, sinamdvileSi aris saqarTvelos mteri~ (d.l., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

samoqalaqo nacionalizmTan erTad, pozitiurad Sefasda kulturuli nacionalizmic, rac gulisxmobs sakuTari kul-turiT siamayes, saerTaSoriso arenaze, kulturul da spor-tul RonisZiebebSi mis warmoCenas da sxv., rogorc eris si-cocxlisunarianobis SenarCunebis aucilebel pirobas.

`ras vgulisxmobT nacionalur suliskveTebaSi? gaaCnia rogor gamoxatav. Tu es aris gamoxatuli qarTuli cekvebiT imdenad, ramdenadac irlandiels riverdansi urCevnia mTel evropas, Tu es aris sportSi, esec misaRebia, radgan olimpi-adebze yvela cdilobs, ufro meti medali miiRos, vidre misma mezobelma~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

am konteqstSi unda aRiniSnos, rom, miuxedavad kvlevebis monacemebisa, rom, rac ufro maRalia mosaxleobaSi erovnuli

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siamayis done, miT ufro safrTxed aRiqmeba erovnuli iden-tobisTvis evrointegracia (Carey, 2002), qarTuli realobaSi Catarebuli kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom qveyanaSi erTdroulad Tanaarsebobs erovnuli siamayis sakmaod maRali done da ev-rointegraciisadmi uaRresad pozitiuri damokidebuleba (ISSP 2013, National identity, Georgia).

kidev erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, Tavad evrokavSiri kul-turulad da eTnikurad mravalferovania, Sesabamisad, is arc qarTul erovnul identobas uqmnis safrTxes. amave katego-riaSi SeiZleba gaerTiandes is mosazrebac, rom evrokavSiri erovnuli identobis SenarCunebis ualternativo gzaa, gansx-vavebiT ruseTisa da misi inicirebuli evraziuli kavSirisgan, romlebic kulturul memkvidreobas da identobas safrTxes uqmnis.

`mag problemas me ver vxedav. me vici, rom evrokavSiris doneze mxolod xelSewyobilia es kulturuli mravalferovneba. ar aris damTrgunveli am erTobis doneze, Sesabamisad, es ar unda iyos Si-Sis momgvreli~ (o.l., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

`evraziuli kavSiris ZiriTad moTamaSesTan _ ruseTTan ka-vSirma dagvanaxa, rom kulturul-memkvidreobiT Zeglebs ar ufrTxildeba da bevri SeTeTrebuli eklesia gvaxsovs, jer kidev saukuneebis win aSenebuli, romelmac dakarga qarTuli kul-turul-memkvidreobiTi Zeglis statusi. rac Seexeba evropas, is albaT pirveli, SeiZleba iTqvas, iuneskos gverdiT, erT-erTi Zlieri dainteresebuli mxarea, rom kulturuli memkvidreoba SeinarCunos da amisTvis araerTi proeqti ganaxorciela am bolo 25 wlis manZilze~ (m.n., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

miuxedavad imisa, rom evrokavSiris farglebSi eris suve-reniteti da identoba ufro daculad miiCneva, vidre mis gar-eSe, gaJRerda mosazrebac, rom SesaZloa arsebobdes radikal-uri nacionalizmis Semoparvis safrTxe. amis mTavar mizezad antidasavluri da prorusuli propagandis gavlena dasaxelda. erT-erTi mosazrebiT, Tavad evrokavSirSic ki nacionalistu-rad ganwyobilma radikalurma partiebma miiRes mxardaWera da es ekonomikuri faqtorebiT iyo ganpirobebuli, raSic ruse-Tis xelic urevia. miuxedavad evrokavSiris farglebSi nacio-

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nalisturi ganwyobebis zrdisa, respondentebi miiCnven, rom ruseTSi isini bevrad TvalsaCinoa, riTac kidev erTxel usva-men xazs evrokavSiris utyuar upiratesobas ruseTze.

amis sapirispirod, aRiniSna, rom nacionalizmis safrTxe saqarTveloSi nakleb mosalodnelia, ris argumentad erT-er-Ti respondenti qarTvelebs Soris e.w. `Sinagani Sovinizmis~ ararsebobas asaxelebs.

`SeiZleba tendenciebi, Zalian dabal doneze, aris, iyo da-moukideblobis mopovebidan Zalian male, Semdeg periodSic iyo, magram amas ar mieca masobrivi xasiaTi. Cven Sinaganad ar varT Sovinisti, nacionalisti eri~ (z.e., politikosi, sapar-lamento umciresoba).

aseve, gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom saqarTvelom ukve gadalaxa eTnikuri nacionalizmis periodi da mis xelaxal aRzevebas aRar unda velodoT.

`me mgoni, gadavlaxeT da mivxvdiT, rom maSin viqnebiT Zl-ieri eri, rodesac saqarTveloSi yvela erovnebis adamiani Tanabrad iqneba daculi. me mgoni, es gageba ukve aris qveyanaSi, da es aris zustad siZlieris erT-erTi safuZveli~ (b. S., sam-Tavrobo struqtura).

nacionalizmis Semoparvis safrTxis Tavidan asacileblad, re-spondentebma mniSvnelovnad miiCnies saxelmwifos mxridan saTa-nado Zalisxmeva mosaxleobis informirebulobis gasazrdelad.

marTlmadidebluri eklesia: qarTuli da evropuli xedvebis harmonizebis SesaZlebloba

marTlmadidebuli eklesia qarTul realobaSi sakmaod mniS-vnelovan da mosaxleobaze Zlieri gavlenis mqone aqtorad gvev-lineba. gasuli 25 wlis ganmavlobaSi, misi roli sazogadoe-briv Tu politikur gadawyvetilebebSi gansakuTrebiT gaiz-arda. aRniSnuli, erTi mxriv, ganpirobebulia 1990-ian wlebSi qarTuli eklesiis, rogorc erovnuli identobis diskursis warmmarTvelis, roliT da am diskursSi religiis faqtoris upiratesobis xazgasmiT (`qarTveli niSnavs marTlmadidebel

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qristians~), meore mxriv ki, verSemdgari politikuri mmarTv-elobis mier eklesiis, rogorc sakuTari Zalauflebis legiti-maciis wyaros, gamoyenebiT. unda aRiniSnos, rom eklesia da misi winamZRvari, patriarqi ilia meore, gansakuTrebiT maRali ndobiT sargebloben mosaxleobaSi (CRRC, kavkasiis barometri, 2009-2015), ris gamoc politikuri elita cdilobs sakuTari Tavis eklesiasTan asocirebas da Tavs aridebs mis kritikas.

aRsaniSnavia, rom araTu qarTveli politikosebi, aramed evrokavSiris oficialuri pirebic ki iTvaliswineben am gare-moebas da oficialuri vizitebis dros aucileblad estumre-bian xolme patriarqs, radgan ician, rom mas didi gavlena aqvs sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaze da SeuZlia mosaxleobis darwmuneba evrointegraciis upiratesobebSi. aRniSnulis kar-gi magaliTia evrokomisiis warmomadgenlebis _ fules da hanis _ viziti patriarqTan 2014 wlis martSi (tabula, 04.03.2014) da 2015 wlis ianvarSi (Civil.ge, 16.01.2015).

`eklesiasTan muSaobas Tu SexedavT, yvela umaRlesi warmo-madgeneli Camodis da xvdeba sapatriarqos; acnobiereben, rom es ar aris Zala, romelsac ignorireba unda gaukeTo, ician, rom masTan dialogi aris saWiro. es aris Zala, romelsac SeuZia erTi dastveniT naxevari saqarTvelo gamoiyvanos gareT da gverds ver auvli...~ (z.c., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

udavoa, rom eklesiis, gansakuTrebiT ki, misi winamZRolis roli sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebis formirebis procesSi erT-erT ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens iseT qveynebSi, sadac religiuri CarTuloba maRalia. magaliTad, poloneTis Sem-TxvevaSi proevropul ganwyobebze gavlenis momxden faqtors swored pap ioane pavle meoris diskursi warmoadgenda (Surwillo et al., 2010, 1511). aRsaniSnavia, rom, poloneTis SemTxvevaSi, statistikurad sando kavSiri ar dafiqsirebula religiur CarTulobasa da proevropul ganwyobebs Soris, Tumca, uSua-lod papis proevropulma gancxadebebma, erTi mxriv, Seamcira polonuri kaTolikuri eklesiis warmomadgenlebis mier ga-keTebuli antievropuli gancxadebebis sixSire, meore mxriv ki, Zlieri gavlena iqonia antievropuli telearxebis diskursze. aRniSnuli zegavlenis gamomwvevi mizezi swored ioane pavle

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meoris mimarT maRali ndoba SegviZlia miviCnioT, rac Zalian mniSvnelovani faqtoria saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis SemTxvevaSic.

`eklesiis roli aris Zalian didi da mniSvnelovani, me Za-lian mixaria, rom eklesia gverdSi gvidgas evrointegraciis procesSi, rac patriarqis araerT gamosvlaSi dadasturda da sxva eklesiis pirebic...~ (b.S., samTavrobo struqtura).

eklesiis, rogorc politikuri aqtoris, roli gamoikveTa saberZneTis SemTxvevaSic. berZnuli marTlmadidebluri ekle-siis patriarqis diskursi evrokavSiris Sesaxeb imis mixedviT ganicdida cvlilebas, Tu vin iyo auditoria. kerZod, berZeni mosaxleobisTvis gankuTvnil gancxadebebSi patriarqi qris-toduli aqtiurad saubrobs evrokavSiris, rogorc moraluri degradirebis xelSemwyobis, safrTxeze; xolo saberZneTis ga-reT miwodebul oficialur gancxadebebSi, SedarebiT frTx-ilia da naklebad akritikebs evrokavSirs (Sakellariou, 2012). qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis, rogorc politikuri moTamaSis rolic msgavsi kuTxiT vlindeba: evrokavSiris war-momadgenlebTan Sexvedrisas, saqarTvelos patriarqi qveynis evrokavSirTan integracias uWers mxars, Tumca mediasivrceSi sul ufro xSiria eklesiis warmomadgenlebis mxridan antiev-ropuli gancxadebebi da maT ZiriTad arguments swored evro-kavSiris, rogorc moraluri degradirebis gamomwvevis, xedva warmoadgens.

qarTul samRvdeloebasTan interviuebSi ikveTeba mosaz-reba, rom miuxedavad deklarirebul doneze saxelmwifos da eklesiis erTmaneTisgan gamijvnisa, eklesia sakuTar movaleo-bad Tvlis, mtkice pozicia iqonios `zneobasa da moralTan~ dakavSirebul sakiTxebze. am konteqstSi, antidiskriminaciul kanonsa da lgbt Temzea gamaxvilebuli yuradReba, romelsac eklesia kategoriulad miuReblad Tvlis. Tumca, amis para-lelurad, respondenti qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesias evrointegraciis procesis mxardamWerad miiCnevs da acxadebs, rom evropuli Rirebulebebi qristianul safuZvlebze dgas (m.s., sasuliero piri, kerZo interviu).

iqidan gamomdinare, rom marTlmadidebluri eklesiis gav-

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lena mosaxleobaze sakmaod didia, rogorc politikuri, aseve inteleqtualuri elitebis damokidebuleba mis mimarT sakmaod frTxilia, rac Cven interviuebSic ikveTeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom eqspertebis didi nawili sakmaod kritikulia evrointegra-ciis procesSi qarTuli eklesiis rolTan dakavSirebiT, xSirad es kritika TviTcenzuris TvalsaCino niSnebs Seicavs. respon-dentebi saeklesio diskursis garkveul gamarTlebasac ki eZeben imis xazgasmiT, rom eklesia yvelgan konservatuli institutia. Tumca, aqve aRiniSna, rom es ar gulisxmobs adamianebis skamebiT devnas~, rac 2013 wlis 17 maiss, homofobiis winaaRmdeg brZolis saerTaSoriso dRisadmi miZRvnil aqciaze moxda TbilisSi.

èklesia yvelgan aris konservatuli. maSin, rodesac xde-ba evropeizacia, Zalian bevr konservatorul ideas eqmneba safrTxe. Tu eklesiis mizani xdeba bevri konservatoruli ideis dacva, maSin bunebrivia, rom maTi pozicionireba iyos antievropuli da [eklesiam] am maxeSi Zalian warmatebiT gaaba Tavi~ (t.l., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

ès problemaa Tavad kaTolike evropisTvisac, magram es ar niSnavs imas, rom qarTveli marTlmadidebeliviT, gulze mjiRis cemiT, skamiT gamoudges ama Tu im adamians~ (m.n., poli-tikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

erT-erTi mniSvnelovani diskursiT, evrointegraciis pro-cesSi qarTuli eklesia sakmaod problemuri institutia. am konteqstSi warmodgenili SedarebiT frTxili qvediskursis Tanaxmad, problemuria ara mTlianad eklesia, aramed mxolod eklesiis SigniT myofi calkeuli antidasavluri, prorusuli an ruseTis propagandis gavlenis qveS myofi pirebi/jgufebi, amitom qarTuli eklesia ar SeiZleba miviCnioT `mkveTrad an-tievropulad.~ ufro metic, xSir SemTxvevaSi, prorusuli sam-Rvdeloebis orientacia rusuli ganaTlebis faqtors miewera da ara ruseTTan integraciis motivacias.

èklesiis SigniT SeiZleba gamoyo, rac Cven viciT, araform-alurad aris sami-oTxi dajgufeba, romlidanac erTia mxolod evropuli, magram yvelaze susti da yvelaze Raribia. sxvebi ari-an prorusulebi, imitom ki ara, rom integracia undaT ruseT-

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Tan, aramed xalxi, romlebic iqaa gaerTianebuli, ZiriTadad aris rusuli ganaTlebis da maTi kavSirebi metadaa rusul sam-RvdeloebasTan, vidre aRmosavleT evropasTan. amitom Zalian Zneli sakiTxia, Tumca es mainc ar niSnavs, rom eklesia aris mkve-Trad antievropuli~ (t.l., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

meore qvediskursis Tanaxmad ki, problemuria mTlianad eklesia, romelic fundamentur reformirebas saWiroebs. vi-naidan Tanamedrove qarTuli eklesiis winapari sabWoTa ekle-siaa, romelic, Tavis mxriv, e.w. kagebes nawili iyo, mas Zveli kadrebi moyveba da jer kidev transformaciis procesSia. is-eve, rogorc wina SemTxvevaSi, aqac aRiniSna, rom eklesia ru-seTis propagandis gavlenis qveSaa. prorusuli orientaciis garda, mniSvnelovan problemad gamoikveTa eklesiaSi saTanado ganaTlebis deficitic.

`es aris rusuli propaganda, Semogdebuli, romelic aitaca vai-samRvdeloebam, me ar vambob yvelaze, magram aitaca gauna-Tlebelma qarTvelobam da gamotanili aqvT droSad~ (i.d., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

`realurad, ra problemaa Tundac eklesiaSi? aqvs intele-qtis, ganaTlebis problema. ratom iyo eklesia mudmivad, Sua saukuneebSic, merec, yvelaze pativcemuli da ganaTlebuli instituti? imitom, rom pirveli saswavleblebi, univer-sitetebi mis bazaze iqmneboda, magram dRes es funqcia da-karga; arafers aRar warmoadgens. Tundac damoukideblobis mopovebidan, eklesia iyo kagebes gagrZeleba, usafrTxoebis samsaxuris nawili. unda gardaqmna, aq unda gamoCndnen axali adamianebi Sesabamisi ganaTlebiT, Teologiis codniT, magram es adamianebi ase iolad ar Cndebian. Sesabamisad, am Cavard-nas avsebs vin? isev is, vinc inarCunebs im Zvel kavSirebs us-afrTxoebis struqturebTan da medrove tipis saSualo xalxi, romlebic raRac propaganduli instrumentebiT arian dakave-bulni~ (C.m., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, mosalodnelia, rom qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesia, romelic ganaTlebis deficits da, imavdroulad, rusuli propagandis moWarbebul gavlenas

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ganicdis, advilad manipulirebadi iyos ruseTis mxridan. Tum-ca, aqve gaJRerda uaRresad saintereso narativi, rom qarTuli eklesia politikuri partiis msgavs damoukidebel moTamaSes warmoadgens, romelic ruseTs Tavisi interesebisTvis iyenebs.

`eklesia Tavis TamaSs TamaSobs, misTvis ruseTi kargi koziria. me ver vityvi, rom eklesia erTmniSvnelovnad ruseTis interesis gamtarebeli ar aris, is kargad iyenebs ruseTs Tavisi interesebisTvis, Zalian kargad aTamaSebs orive mowinaaRmdeges. am TavlsazrisiT, seriozuli politikuri aqtori xdeba. ekle-siac swored iseTi organizaciaa, rogorc politikuri partia. Cvenc [dasaxelda organizacia] daaxloebiT igive Tanxas viRebT, me valdebuli var yvela TeTrze angariSi Cavabaro saxelmwifos da es sworia. magram aravin icis, raSi midis eklesiisTvis gadace-muli fuli~ (n.S., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

radgan eklesia sakmaod politizebulad miiCneva da `serio-zul politikur aqtoradac~ ki aris moxseniebuli, misi CarTu-loba sagareo politikaSi da mimdinare evrointegraciis pro-cesSi eWvs ar iwvevs. es mniSvnelovani safrTxis matarebladaa miCneuli, radgan TvalSisacemia eklesiisa da patriarqis wi-naaRmdegobrivi xasiaTis gancxadebebi: oficialurad, patri-arqi (da, misi saxiT, eklesia) mxars uWers evrointegracias, Tumca, problema isaa, rom epistoleebic da saeklesio pirTa qmedebebic gansxvavdeba oficialuri ritorikisgan.

`oficialur doneze, evropis mxardasaWerad gakeTebuli gancxadebebi patriarqis mxridan ramdenad gulwrfelia, aravin icis. realurad ki, rasac vxedavT, esaa lamborjiniani mRvdeli uzarmazari jvriT, romelmac SeiZleba wesebis darRveviT imoZ-raos~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umravlesoba).

`saSinelia am yvelaferSi eklesiis roli. modi, ase vTqvaT, eklesiis roli aris winaaRmdegobrivi. [...] periodulad gvesmis gancxadebebi maRali donidan, romelic aris mkveTrad proev-ropuli; patriarqis gancxadebac, fulesTan Sexvedris Semdeg gancxadebac, mokled xSirad aris aseTi gancxadebebi. meore mxriv, gvaqvs qmedebebi, romelTac aranairi kavSiri ar aqvT ev-ropul RirebulebebTan da moTxovnebTan, romlebic Cven unda

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SevasruloT. mesame mxriv, gvaqvs ufro zomieri gancxadebebi epistoleebis saxiT, romelsac didad kavSiri ar aqvs imasTan, rasac evropa gvTxovs. mokled, winaaRmdegobrivi ritorikaa~ (t.l., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

garda amisa, kvlevaSi monawile eqspertebi aRniSnaven, rom Ta-vad qarTuli sazogadoebac ganaTlebis naklebobas ganicdis da advilad eqceva eklesiis gavlenis qveS. amas isic uwyobs xels, rom saxelmwifo saTanado simaRleze ar dgas da amitom xalxi eklesias ufro endoba, radgan swored es ukanaskneli avsebs im niSas, Tun-dac informaciul vakuums, rac saxelmwifom unda Seavsos.

`ar aris dasamali, rom Zalian bevri mowinaaRmdege inte-graciis process farulad mainc hyavs eklesiaSi da rodesac sazogadoebis did nawils Tavi morwmuned miaCnia da, xSir Sem-TxvevaSi, maTi informirebulobis mTavari wyaro moZRvaria, mamao, aseT SemTxvevaSi gasagebia, rom ar iqneba iseTi done aR-qmisa da ganaTlebisa. me mimaCnia, rom es aris dasaZlevi~ (T.e., eqsperti, umaRlesi saswavlebeli).

`dRes saxelmwifo ar dgas im doneze, rom manac sazogadeo-bas ganviTarebis bevri alternativa SesTavazos, kargi gana-Tlebis, ukeTesi cxovrebis, ukeTesi ekonomikuri pirobebis. Sesabamisad, is problemacaa, rom sazogadoeba xSirad ayveba im propagandistul talRebs; miT umetes, Zveli didebis mqonea eklesia~ (C.m., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeiZleba, am SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli da evropuli xedvebis harmonizeba, respondentebis diskursebidan sami saxis aqtivoba gamoiyo:

respondentebis nawili fiqrobs, rom meti samuSaoa gasawevi eklesiis modernizaciis mizniT. gasatarebel RonisZiebebs So-ris aRiniSna qarTveli mRvdlebisTvis evropis marTlmadide-buli qveynebis Cveneba, raTa Tavad darwmundnen, rom evroka-vSiris farglebSi marTlmadideblobas safrTxe ar emuqreba; sasuliero pirebis metad ganaTleba, meti informaciis miwo-deba evrointegraciis sakiTxebis garSemo, rom Semdeg Tavad moaxdinon mrevlTan saTanado komunikacia.

`aqac vawydebiT arainformirebulobas. ar unda dagvavi-

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wydes, rom evrokavSiris wevri qveyana aris saberZneTi, rumi-neTi, bulgareTi da arc erT am qveyanaSi marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobis problema ar dgas. rac metad waviyvanT Cven su-lier mamebs evropaSi, saberZneTSi, rumineTSi da bulgareTSi, miT ufro dainaxaven isini, rom es safrTxe ar arsebobs. garda amisa, rac metad visaubrebT da metad CavrTavT saqmianobaSi marTlmadidebluri da sxva konfesiebis warmomadgenlebs, ufro misaRebi gaxdeba es sazogadoebisTvisac~ (v.d., eqsper-ti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

gamoikveTa mosaxleobis metad ganaTlebis aucileblobac, radgan, respondentTa sityvebiT, rac ufro ganaTlebuli iqneba mosaxleoba, miT ufro nakleb mowyvladi iqneba eklesi-is gavlenis mimarT. aq calke gamoiyo, magaliTad, lgbt TemTan dakavSirebiT mosaxleobis metad informirebis aucilebloba, ris erT-erT mniSvnelovan instrumentad media dasaxelda.

`ganaTlebaa yvelaze mTavari problema. ganaTleba marto universitetis damTavreba ki ar aris, es ufro farTo gagebaa; mentalobaa mTavari~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umrav-lesoba).

respondentebis nawili Tvlis, rom saxelmwifom ar unda dauSvas eklesiis Careva mis saqmeebSi da Tavisi funqcia unda Seasrulos maSinac, roca eklesia amas ewinaaRmdegeba. amasTan, saxelmwifom kanoniT unda dasajos yvela, vinc adamianis kon-stituciur uflebebs arRvevs, maT Soris sasuliero pirebic, umciresobebis mimarT agresiuli qmedebebis gamo.

`unda gavacnobieroT, rom eklesia da saxelmwifo sxvadasx-vaa, maT Soris urTierTobas konkordati aregulirebs. gasaT-valiswinebelia is, rom mosaxleobis 90%-ze mets aqvs eklesiis ndoba; Tumca, saxelmwifom unda Seasrulos Tavisi funqcia da is valdebulebebi, rac aRebuli aqvs, unda ganaxorcielos, miuxedavad imisa, eklesia amis mimarT kritikuli iqneba Tu ara~ (e.T., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

`aq gadamwyveti iyo saxlemwifos roli. saxelmwifom Zalian mkafiod Tqva, rom aris garkveuli bazisuri, konstituciuri uflebebi, romlis darRveva ar epatieba aravis. da basil mka-

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laviSvili aRmoCnda cixeSi [...] amas moyva, ra Tqma unda, marTl-madidebel mSobelTa kavSiris aqtiuroba; isinic aRmoCndnen cixeSi. magram aman uzarmazari roli iTamaSa, roca saxelmwi-fom gamoavlina neba. amitom saxelmwifos rolia, uzrunvelyos misi yvelaze ufro marginalizebuli da umravlesobisTvis sa-Zulveli jgufebis dacva da maTi konstituciuri uflebebis dacva _ es aris saxelmwifos valdebuleba~ (i.x., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

kvlevis monawileTa umravlesobisgan gansxvavebiT, ramden-ime respondenti qarTul marTlmadideblur eklesias, gansa-kuTrebiT patriarqs, evrointegraciis mxardamWerad miiCnevs. erT-erTma respondentma isic ki aRniSna, rom arc antidis-kriminaciuli kanonis ganxilvisas axsovs maincdamainc didi winaaRmdegoba eklesiis mxridan. rogorc Cans, iTvaliswineben ra eklesiis CarTulobas politikur cxovrebaSi da mis Zlier gavlenas mosaxleobaze, Cveni respondentebi, gansakuTrebiT politikosebi, sakmaod frTxil da dabalansebul narativs gvTavazoben da eridebian eklesiis Ria kritikas.

`am SemTxvevaSi, mTavaria, eklesia dadges saero xelisu-flebis gverdze da, rogorc xedavT, es asec aris. partiarqma gaakeTa ramdenime mkafio gancxadeba, rom saqarTvelos inte-gracias evrokavSirSi ar aqvs alternativa~ (v.d., eqsperti, arasamTavrobo organizacia).

`me mgoni, eklesiis mxridan antidiskriminaciul kanonTan dakavSirebiT araferi gansakuTrebuli winaaRmdegoba ar yo-fila. zustad ar maxsovs eklesiis mxridan komentari, magram gansakuTrebuli agresiuloba ar maxsovs~ (z.e., politikosi, saparlamento umciresoba).

zemoTqmuli kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom qarTuli mar-Tlmadidebluri eklesia politikur procesebSi CarTuli, gav-leniani aqtoria da qveynis evropeizaciis procesSi misi rolis ugulebelyofa SeuZlebelia, gansakuTrebiT mis mimarT sazoga-doebaSi arsebuli maRali ndobis gamo. amdenad, saxelmwifosa da eklesiis TanamSromloba uaRresad mniSvnelovania saqarT-velos evropeizaciis procesis warmatebiT warmarTvisTvis.

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saqarTvelos mosaxleoba evrointegraciis da evropeizaciis Sesaxeb

Sesavali

sanam uSualod saqarTvelos mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli kv-levebis monacemebis analizs SevudgebodeT, mniSvnelovania ev-rokavSiris integraciis `Sida~ da `gare~ unarebis ganxilva. es unarebi evrokavSiris gafarToebis ganmsazRvrel faqtorebad mi-iCneva da, evrointegraciis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos sakmaod bundovani perspeqtivis gaTvaliswinebiT, sagangebo yuradRebas iTxovs. radgan ìntegraciis Sida unari~ Tavad evrokavSiris mxri-dan gafarToebis mzadyofnas aRwers (evrokavSiris qveynebis mo-saxleobis ganwyobebis CaTvliT), CvenTvis sainteresoa swored ìn-tegraciis gare unari,~ rac gulisxmobs arawevr qveynebSi rogorc instituciur cvlilebebs, kerZod, demokratiul konsolidacias, marTvis unaris da ekonomikuri SesaZleblobebis gaumjobesebasa da evrokavSirTan normatul daaxloebas, ise evrokavSirisadmi mosaxleobis mxardaWeras (Schimmelfennig, 2014, 9). Tumca, imis gaT-valiswinebiT, rom orive unaris Sefaseba saSualebas gvaZlevs, ev-rokavSiris Semdgomi gafarToebis perspeqtivaze vimsjeloT, mniS-vnelovania, mokled SevexoT Sida integraciis sakiTxsac.

rogorc uaxlesi kvlevebi aCvenebs, evrokavSiris ìntegra-ciis Sida unari~ sagrZnoblad Semcirebulia, razec miuTiTebs evrokavSiris Semdgomi gafarToebis mimarT mxardaWeris kleba rogorc im qveynebSi, sadac is jer kidev 2000 wlisTvis ukve sak-maod dabali iyo (magaliTad, safrangeTi, germania, avstria), aseve gafarToebis mimarT pozitiuri ganwyobebis maRali maCvenebliT gamorCeul qveynebSic (kerZod, aRmosavleT da centraluri evro-pa). amasTan, bolo periodis kvlevebma gamoavlina mniSvnelovani sxvaobebi rogorc elitebisa da mosaxleobis Sexedulebebs, aseve axal da Zvel wevr qveynebs Soris, romelTagan pirvelni metad uWeren mxars gafarToebas, meoreni ki _ metad arian misi mowinaaR-mdege. aqve unda aRiniSnos erTi saintereso tendenciac, rac, mkv-levarTa azriT, evropis dayofasTan dakavSirebuli tradiciuli stereotipebis SenarCunebis gamoxatulebaa: sazogadoebrivi az-ris kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom evrokavSiris moqalaqeebi bevrad pozi-

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tiur damokidebulebas gamoxataven dasavleT evropeli arawevri qveynebis (magaliTad, norvegiis an Sveicariis), vidre aRmosavleT evropeli arawevri qveynebis evrokavSirSi gawevrianebasTan da-kavSirebiT (pirvel SemTxvevaSi mimReblobis maCvenebeli 75%-s aRemateba, meore SemTxvevaSi ki _ 50%-s qvemoTaa). mTlianobaSi, avtorebi saubroben `gafarToebis moyirWebis~ TvalsaCino ten-denciaze evrokavSiris moqalaqeebs Soris (Schimmelfennig et al., 2015, 11), rac, Tavis mxriv, `mosacdel oTaxSi~ myofi qveynebis ga-nusazRvrel mdgomareobaSi aRmoCenas iwvevs.

rac Seexeba evrokavSiris `integraciis gare unars~ da Cveni kvlevis konteqstSi gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovan aspeqts, kerZod, arawevri qveynebis mosaxleobis damokidebulebas evrokavSirisa da masTan integraciis perspeqtivisadmi, avtorebi mas ramdenime mniSvnelovani faqtoris safuZvelze afaseben, kerZod, raciona-lur-utilitaruli, politikuri, da Rirebulebebsa da idento-baze dafuZnebuli mosazrebebis safuZvelze (Toshkov et al., 2014, 20). uaxlesi kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom evrokavSiris da masTan inte-graciis Sesaxeb sazogadoebrivi azris formirebaze arawevr qvey-nebSi gavlenas axdens iseTi socioekonomikuri faqtorebi, ro-goricaa dasaqmebis statusi, ekonomikuri keTildReoba da gana-Tleba (pozitiur korelaciaSia proevropul ganwyobebTan), iden-tobasa da RirebulebebTan dakavSirebuli iseTi faqtorebi, ro-goricaa kulturuli TviTmyofadobisa da erovnuli identobis winaSe arsebuli safrTxis aRqma, rac, rogorc wesi, eqskluziuri identobiT da erovnuli siamayiT, religiuri aratolerantobiT da antiimigraciuli ganwyobebiT vlindeba (negatiur korelacia-Sia proevropul ganwyobebTan), da iseTi sociopolitikuri faq-torebi, rogoricaa evrokavSiris Sesaxeb codnis done, politi-kuri afiliacia da politikuri aqtorebis mier sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli Sexedulebebi evropeizaciis SesaZlo riskebisa da sargeblis Sesaxeb (iqve, 21). aqve, xazi unda gaesvas rogorc poli-tikuri elitebis rols mosaxleobis Sexedulebebis formirebaSi, rac `informirebisa da darwmunebis procesis~ Sedegia, ise poli-tikuri liderebis mier mosaxleobis ganwyobebis atacebas da maTi `miniSnebebis~ Sesabamisad moqmedebas, rac `reprezentaciis pro-cesis~ Sedegia (Steenbergen et al., 2007,14).

marTalia, sazogadoebrivi azris Seswavlis mizniT ganxor-

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cielebuli raodenobrivi kvlevebi mosaxleobis zogad gan-wyobebs naTlad warmoaCens, magram am gziT ver vuRrmavdebiT mocemul ganwyobebs miRma arsebul realur motivacias da im mniSvnelovan niuansebs, rac arsebuli viTarebis siRrmiseuli axsnis SesaZleblobas mogvcems. amdenad, uaRresad mniSvnelova-nia raodenobrivi monacemebis Tvisebrivi kvlevebis SedegebiT gamdidreba, rasac uaxlesi kvlevebic adasturebs. magaliTad, masobrivi gamokiTxvebisgan gansxvavebiT, evrokavSiris gafar-ToebasTan dakavSirebuli diskursebis Seswavla gviCvenebs, rom moqalaqeebi seleqciur damokidebulebas avlenen ama Tu im qvey-nis evrokavSirSi gawevrianebasTan dakavSirebiT, rasac iden-tobis da usafrTxoebis mosazrebebis, an gafarToebis piradi gamocdilebis Sesabamisad icvlian (Schimmelfennig et al., 2015, 11).

swored am realobis gaTvaliswinebiT gadavwyviteT, rom miuxedavad evrokavSiris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mosaxleobis gan-wyobebis regularuli raodenobrivi kvlevebisa (CRRC, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2015), saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionis qalaqebSi mcxovreb mosaxleobasTan fokus jgufebi Cagvetarebina da evropeizaciis mimdinare procesTan dakavSirebiT maTi diskursebi gamogvev-lina, raTa evrokavSiris `integraciis gare unaris~ qarTuli specifikis detaluri analizi mogvexdina. sanam fokus jgufebis monacemebis analizze gadavalT, mokled ganvixilavT evrokav-Siris Sesaxeb saqarTvelos mosaxleobis ganwyobebis uaxles kv-levebSi (ISSP, 2013; CRRC, 2015) gamovlenil ZiriTad tendenciebs, rac uSualod exmianeba Cveni Tvisebrivi kvlevis monacemebs.

saqarTvelos mosaxleobis evrokavSirTan dakavSirebuli ganwyobebis raodenobrivi analizi

rogorc zemoT iyo aRniSnuli, evrointegraciis erT-erT ganmsazRvrel faqtors `integraciis gare unari~ warmoadgens, rac arawevri qveynis integraciis SesaZleblobis maCvenebelia, xolo misi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani indikatori mosaxleobis ev-rokavSirisadmi mxardaWeraa (Schimmelfennig, 2014, 9). aqedan gamom-dinare, gadavwyviteT saqarTveloSi Catarebuli uaxlesi raode-nobrivi kvlevebis monacemTa analizi, raTa metad TvalsaCino

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yofiliyo sazogadoebrivi ganwyobebi evrokavSirisa da evroin-tegraciisadmi. qvemoT moyvanili monacemebi umetesad eyrdnoba kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centris (CRRC) mier 2015 wels Catarebuli erovnuli gamokvlevis Sedegebs, romlis ZiriTad mizansac evrokavSiris Sesaxeb codnisa da damokidebulebebis Se-faseba warmoadgenda. garda amisa, qarTul erovnul identobaSi evropis rolis ukeT warmosaCenad gaanalizda erovnuli idento-bis kvlevis (ISSP) 2013 wlis monacemebi. radgan angariSSi warmod-genili monacemebi evrokavSiris Sesaxeb individualur damokide-bulebebsa da warmodgenebs exeba, monacemTa bazis analizi ganx-orcielda individualuri donis wonebis gaTvaliswinebiT. ana-lizisas aseve gaTvaliswinebuli iqna im respondentebis raode-noba, romlebsac uWirT kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema (ar vici/miWirs pasuxis gacema), radgan, xSir SemTxvevaSi, pasuxis ar/vergacemis maCvenebeli korelaciaSia sxvadasxva demografiul cvladTan da amdenad, informaciuli TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovania.

qvemoT moyvanil TavebSi ganxilulia mosaxleobis in-formirebulobis done da zogadi damokidebulebebi evroka-vSiris mimarT, evropuli da qarTuli identobebis mimarTeba, evrokavSiris wevrobis mimarT damokidebuleba da misi per-speqtivis Sefaseba, agreTve simetriuli Zalauflebis sakiTxi evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris.

mosaxleobis informirebulobis done

CRRC-is kvlevis Tanaxmad, zogadad, mosaxleobaSi evrokav-Siris Sesaxeb informirebulobis done sakmaod dabalia, TiTq-mis yovel mexuTe adamians uWirs, pasuxi gasces SekiTxvas, Tu ras warmoadgens evrokavSiri (19%), xolo mosaxleobis 31%-s arc smenia asocirebis xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb. informire-bulobis done yvelaze maRali 18-25 wlisa da dedaqalaqSi mcxovreb mosaxleobaSia, xolo yvelaze dabali _ araqarTvel mosaxleobaSia, romelTa 64%-ma ganacxada, rom asocirebis xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb ar smenia.

mosaxleobis 12%-s isic uWirs daasaxelos, aris Tu ara saqa-rTvelo evrokavSiris wevri. am mxriv, aRsaniSnavia gansxvaveba

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respondentebis eTnikurobis mixedviT, kerZod, qarTvel mo-saxleobasTan SedarebiT, eTnikurad araqarTveli mosaxleoba informirebulobis bevrad dabal dones avlens. amis mizezi SesaZloa mravali iyos, maT Soris qarTuli enis codnis dab-ali done da sainformacio wyaroebis (iqneba es masmediis sa-Sualebebi, informaciuli tipis Sexvedrebi Tu sxv.) umetesad qarTul enaze arseboba.

zogadi damokidebulebebi evrokavSiris mimarT

pirvel rigSi, unda aRiniSnos mosaxleobis sakmaod ambiva-lenturi damokidebuleba evrokavSiris mimarT: CRRC-is 2015 wlis monacemebiT, miuxedavad imisa, rom gamokiTxulTa 61% acxadebs, rom referendumis SemTxvevaSi xmas miscemda saqa-rTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebas, mxolod mesamedi (34%) ucxadebs ndobas evrokavSirs, rogorc socialur instituts. rogorc qvemoT moyvanil diagramazea warmodgenili, ndobis maCvenebeli sxvebze maRalia axalgazrdebSi (ix. diagrama 1). gansxvaveba gamovlinda dasaxlebis tipis mixedviTac: dedaqa-laqis mosaxleobis 41% evrokavSiris mimarT ndobiT aris ganwyobili maSin, rodesac msgavsi maCvenebeli soflis tipis dasaxlebebSi mxolod 28%-ia.

diagrama 1 _ evrokavSiris mimarT ndoba asakobrivi kategoriebis

mixedviT

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evrokavSirTan integraciis mimarT molodinebi

evrokavSiris wevrobis survili, umetesad, utilitaruli faqtorebiTaa gamowveuli, da politikuri usafrTxoebisa da ekonomikuri ganviTarebis pragmatul molodinebs ukavSird-eba. kerZod, evrokavSirTan integraciis Sedegad, mosaxleobis 57% erovnuli usafrTxoebis gazrdas moelis, 51% ki _ siR-aribis donis Semcirebas. aqve aRsaniSnavia socialuri proble-mebis gadaWrasTan dakavSirebuli pozitiuri molodinebic: mo-saxleoba pensiebis (57%), samuSao adgilebisa (57%) da Semosav-lis (52%) zrdas moelis. Tumca, utilitarul mosazrebebTan erTad, identobis faqtoric iCens Tavs, rac evrointegraciis mosalodnel kulturul SedegebSi vlindeba. am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia, rom sxva problemebis mogvarebaze metad, evro-integraciis procesi qveyanaSi ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobe-sebasTan asocirdeba (59%). amdenad, logikuria, rom evrokav-SirSi gawevrianebis survili yvelaze maRalia axalgazrdebSi, visTvisac xarisxian ganaTlebaze xelmisawvdomoba mTavari prioritetia.

evrointegraciis procesTan dakavSirebuli negatiuri molodinebic utilitarul da identobis faqtorebs ukavSird-eba. rac Seexeba pirvels, evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis SemTx-vevaSi, gamokiTxulTa 33% ZiriTad samomxmareblo produqtze fasebis zrdas moelis; xolo identobis safrTxeebTan dakav-SirebiT aRsaniSnavia argumentebi qveynidan wasvlis msurvel-Ta raodenobis zrdisa (38%) da qarTuli tradiciebisadmi pa-tiviscemis Sesustebis Sesaxeb (28%).

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cxrili 1 _ evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Sedegad mosalodneli cvlilebebi

sagr

Znobl

ad

Semc

irdeb

a

Semc

irdeb

a

igiv

e dar

Ceba

gaiz

rdeb

a

sagr

Znobl

ad

gaiz

rdeb

aar

vic

i /

uar

i

korufciis done 7% 39% 22% 6% 1% 25%

pensiebis odenoba 0% 2% 19% 53% 4% 21%

sakuTrebis uflebis dacvis SesaZlebloba 0% 2% 22% 44% 4% 27%

samarTliani arCevnebis SesaZlebloba 0% 1% 22% 46% 6% 25%

samuSao adgilebis raodenoba 1% 3% 18% 52% 5% 22%

sasamarTlos damoukidebloba 0% 1% 24% 42% 5% 28%

sityvis Tavisufleba 0% 1% 21% 47% 6% 23%

siRaribe 6% 45% 21% 5% 2% 22%

teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis SesaZlebloba 1% 6% 25% 35% 6% 27%

fasebi ZiriTad samomxmareblo produqtze 2% 18% 20% 29% 4% 28%

samedicino momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba 0% 3% 22% 45% 4% 25%

mosaxleobis Semosavali 1% 2% 19% 48% 4% 25%

saqarTvelos usafrTxoebis done 0% 4% 15% 49% 8% 24%

qveynidan wasvlis msurvelTa raodenoba 2% 24% 14% 27% 11% 23%

ganaTlebis xarisxi 0% 1% 17% 53% 6% 22%

umciresobaTa dacvis done 0% 1% 19% 43% 8% 29%

qarTuli tradiciebis pativiscema 3% 25% 34% 14% 2% 22%

warmodgenili monacemebi kargad xsnis saqarTvelos mo-saxleobaSi evrokavSirTan dakavSirebul ambivalentobas: evro-kavSiri miCneulia demokratiul gaerTianebad (62%), romelic, rogorc evropaSi mSvidobis da usafrTxoebis garantad (64%), ise arawevri qveynebis ekonomikis ganviTarebis mxardamWera-dac ki gvevlineba (54%). Tumca, miuxedavad evrokavSirTan in-

_ 167 _

tegraciiT miRebuli politikuri da ekonomikuri sargeblisa, masTan dakavSirebuli kulturuli sargeblis xedva sakmaod orazrovania: ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis mimarTule-biT evrointegraciis uaRresad mniSvnelovani rolis xazgas-masTan erTad, imavdroulad, is erovnuli tradiciebisTvis safrTxis matareblad miiCneva (45%).

marTlac, arsebuli monacemebidan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom evrointegraciasTan dakavSirebiT saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mTavar motivacias racionalur-utilitaruli miznebi warmoad-gens (gamokiTxulTa CamonaTvalSi, ekonomikis ganviTareba da usafrTxoebis uzunvelyofa im mTavar sakiTxebadaa warmodge-nili, raSic saqarTvelos yvelaze metad sWirdeba evrokavSiris mxardaWera). Tumca, uaRresad sainteresoa, rom is sami ZiriTadi faqtori, rac evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis mTavar motivad miiC-neva, imavdroulad evraziul kavSirSi gawevrianebis mTavar mo-tivadacaa dasaxelebuli, kerZod, sakuTari ekonomikuri mdgo-mareobis gaumjobeseba, qveynis sagareo safrTxeebisgan dacva da misi teritoriuli mTlianobis aRdgenis ukeTesi SesaZlebloba.

metad calsaxaa kulturul faqtorebTan dakavSirebuli ganwyoba: kulturuli tradiciebis dakargvis safrTxe ro-gorc evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis mowinaaRmdege, ise momxre respondentebsac afiqrebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tuki racio-nalur-utilitaruli motivebi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis survilis mTavari sayrdenia, gawevrianebis mowinaaRmdege mo-saxleobis mTavar motivs swored identobasTan dakavSirebuli safrTxeebi warmoadgens: im adamianebis umetesoba, vinc mxars ar uWers saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebas, erT-erT mTavar mizezad qarTuli kulturisa da tradiciebis mimarT evrokavSiridan momdinare safrTxes asaxelebs. ufro metic, gawevrianebis momxre respondentebis 40%-ic ki acxadebs, rom evrokavSiri qarTul tradiciebs emuqreba.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mTlianobaSi, mosaxleobis 45% iz-iarebs mosazrebas, rom evrokavSiri qarTuli tradiciebisT-vis safrTxes warmoadgens, xolo 28%-is azriT, evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobaSi qarTuli tradiciebis mimarT pativiscema Semcirdeba. aRniSnuli respondentebis umetesoba (64%) 40+ asakobriv kategorias ganekuTvneba. aseve,

_ 168 _

gansxvaveba dafiqsirda respondentebis sacxovrebeli adgilis mixedviT, kerZod, dedaqalaqSi mcxovrebTa 44% miiCnevs, rom tradiciebis mimarT pativiscema igive darCeba maSin, rodesac sxva qalaqebSi mcxovrebTa SemTxvevaSi es maCvenebli 26%-ia.

diagrama 2 _ rogor Seicvleba qarTuli tradiciebis pativiscema

evrokavSiris wevrobis Sedegad

Cveni Tvisebrivi kvlevis monacemebi, kerZod, eqspertebTan da politikosebTan siRrmiseuli interviuebi da mosaxleo-basTan Catarebuli fokus jgufebi (rac Semdeg TavSia ganxi-luli), udavod exmianeba warmodgenili erovnuli kvlevebis monacemebs da adasturebs, rom saqarTveloSi evrokavSirTan dakavSirebuli Semdegi ori diskursia warmmarTveli: evroka-vSiris mimarT pozitiuri ganwyobis SemTxvevaSi, wina planzea wamoweuli ekonomikuri da usafrTxoebis faqtorebi; xolo negatiuri ganwyobis SemTxvevaSi _ qarTuli tradiciebis dakargvis safrTxe. es tendencia TvalsaCinoa CRRC-is 2015 wlis monacemebidan, romlis mixedviT, evrokavSiris wevrobis momxre mosaxleobis umetesoba (80%) miiCnevs, rom evrokavSiri mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis wyaroa evropaSi, Tumca aRniSnu-li maCvenebeli mxolod 37%-s Seadgens evrokavSiris wevrobis mowinaaRmdege adamianebis SemTxvevaSi. gawevrianebis momxreTa 71%-is azriT, evrokavSiri xels uwyobs arawevr qveynebSi eko-nomikur ganviTarebas, rasac gawevrianebis mowinaaRmdege in-

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dividebis mxolod 27% eTanxmeba. rac Seexeba Rirebulebebisa da identobis sakiTxs, romelic yvelaze sensitiuri aRmoCnda, gawevrianebis momxreTa 40%-is azriTac ki, evrokavSiri qar-Tul tradiciebs emuqreba da es maCvenebeli 76%-s Seadgens gawevrianebis mowinaaRmdege mosaxleobis SemTxvevaSi.

diagrama 3 _ ramdenad eTanxmebiT debulebas, rom evrokavSiri mSvi-

dobisa da usafrTxoebis wyaroa evropaSi

diagrama 4 _ ramdenad eTanxmebiT debulebas rom evrokavSiri xels

uwyobs arawevr qveynebSi ekonomikis ganviTarebas

diagrama 5 _ ramdenad eTanxmebiT debulebas, rom evrokavSiri

emuqreba qarTul tradiciebs

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miuxedavad imisa, rom evrokavSiris wevrobis SemTxveva-Si, mosaxleobis garkveuli nawili qarTuli tradiciebi-sadmi pativiscemis Sesustebas moelis, Tavad qarTul da evropul tradiciebs Soris gansxvaveba evrokavSiris wev-robisTvis barierad ar aRiqmeba. kerZod, CRRC-is 2015 wlis kvlevis SekiTxvaze, Tu ramdenad qmnis bariers saqa-rTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebisTvis qarTvelebsa da evropelebs Soris gansxvavebuli azrovneba da tradicie-bi, dadebiTad mxolod 9% pasuxobs. amasTan, mosaxleobis 56% eTanxmeba debulebas `me var qarTveli da, maSasadame, var evropeli.~ aRniSnuli tendencia mianiSnebs imaze, rom Tuki, erTi mxriv, mosaxleoba safrTxed aRiqvams evrokav-Siris gavlenas qarTul tradiciebze, meore mxriv, aRniS-nuli safrTxe arc iseTi wonadia, rom uSualod evrokav-SirTan integraciisTvis barieri Seqmnas. amdenad, warmod-genili raodenobrivi monacemebi kidev erTxel adasturebs rogorc eqspertebTan da politikosebTan interviuebisas, ise mosaxleobasTan fokus jgufebisas gamovlenil ambiva-lentur damokidebulebebs, kerZod, erovnuli identobisT-vis safrTxed aRqmis paralelurad, maT miswrafebas, gaxd-nen `evropuli ojaxis~ wevrebi.

aRsaniSnavia, rom debulebis `me var qarTveli da, ma-Sasadame, var evropeli~ mxardaWera gacilebiT maRalia axalgazrdebSi, ganaTlebis maRali donisa da saSualoze maRali Semosavlis mqone respondentebSi: magaliTad, 18-25 wlis respondentebs Soris am debulebas 63% eTanxmeba, xolo 61+ asakobriv kategoriaSi _ 47%. umaRlesi gana-Tlebis mqone respondentebis 60%-ze meti da dawyebiTi ganaTlebis mqone respondentebis mxolod 10% eTanxmeba aRniSnul debulebas.

saintereso tendencia gamoikveTa aRniSnuli SekiTxvis Se-mosavlis mixedviT analizisas:

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diagrama 6 _ eTanxmebT Tu ara debulebas: `me var qarTveli da, maSa-

sadame, var evropeli~ _ gasul TveSi Sinameurneobis Semosavlis

mixedviT

qarTvelTa mier sakuTari evropelobis Sefasebisas aucile-belia im faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebac, romlebic qarTuli identobis formirebaSi arsebiT rols TamaSobs. rogorc Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, qarTuli identobis erT-erTi Semadgeneli diskursi saqarTvelos, rogorc `istori-ulad evropulis~ warmoCena da amiT misi evropasTan siaxlo-vis xazgasmaa. swored qarTul identobaSi evropis faqtoris mniSvnelobis ukeT warmoCenas emsaxureba ISSP-is erovnuli identobis 2013 wlis kvlevis monacemebis analizic, romelic Semdeg qveTavSia warmodgenili.

evropis faqtori qarTul erovnul identobaSi

ISSP-is erovnuli identobis 2013 wlis kvlevis monace-mebis faqtorulma analizma aCvena, rom mosaxleobaSi sakmaod Zlieria erovnul-patriotuli ganwyobebi. qarTvelebi Zalian Zlier siaxloves grZnoben sakuTar qveyanasTan da, imavdrou-lad, sakmaod susts _ evropasTan. siaxlovis ganmsazRvreli maCveneblebi or faqtorad gaiyo: pirvels `erovnulTan siax-

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love~ SeiZleba ewodos. masSi sakuTar qalaqTan, raionTan, saqarTvelosTan mikuTvnebuloba gaerTianda. meores `evro-pasTan siaxlove~ _ masSi mxolod evropasTan mikuTvnebuloba Sevida. SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom erovnuli da evropuli mi-kuTvnebuloba erTmaneTisagan mkveTrad gamijnulia; amasTan, es ukanaskneli sakmaod sustad aris gamoxatuli.

cxrili 2 _ ramdenad axlos grZnobT Tavs...

faqtori 1-Zalian axlos; 5 _ saerTod ar vgrZnob siaxloves1 2

er_1 Q1a Tqvens qalaqTan .860 .043 1.58

er_2 Q1b Tqvens raionTan .825 -.048 1.78

er_3 Q1c saqarTvelosTan .759 .181 1.46

er_4 Q1d evropasTan .061 .990 3.21

evropis faqtoris ukeTesad asaxsnelad gamoyenebul iqna 15 damoukidebeli cvladi, ris Sedegadac aixsna damokidebuli cvladis (evropis faqtori) 36.9%, xolo damokidebuli cvla-dis variaciis 13.6%. qvemoT warmodenilia regresiuli anal-izis Sedegi:

regresiul analizSi CarTuli 15 faqtoridan damokidebul cvladze mniSvnelovan gavlenas xuTi faqtori axdens: `zianis~ faqtoris wona 13.7%-s warmoadgens, xolo danarCeni oTxi faq-tori, faqtobrivad, ar gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan gavlenis zomis mixedviT (daaxloebiT 10-11%) _ solidarobis faqtori, informirebuloba politikisa da xelisuflebis Sesaxeb, xe-lisuflebis damokidebuleba mosaxleobis mimarT, da kriti-kuli aRqmis faqtori. aRsaniSnavia, rom warmodgenili `zianis~ faqtori (romelSic ori cvladi erTiandeba: didi saerTaSori-so kompaniebi sul ufro met zians ayeneben adgilobriv bizness saqarTveloSi da saerTaSoriso organizaciebi saqarTvelos mTavrobas Zalauflebis did nawils arTmeven) yvelaze maRali woniT uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens damokidebul cvladze.

aq gansakuTrebiT sayuradReboa erovnuli siamayis cvladi, romlis evrokavSirisadmi damokidebulebis konteqstSi ana-

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lizisas kidev erTxel vlindeba qarTvelebis ambivalenturi damokidebuleba evrointegraciisadmi. ISSP-is monacemebiT, respondentTa 88.8% amayobs, rom qarTvelia. arsebuli kv-levebis Tanaxmad ki, rac ufro maRalia erovnuli siamaye, miT metad safrTxed aRiqmeba erovnuli identobisTvis evrointe-graciis procesi (Carey, 2002; Toshkov et al., 2014). es mosazreba, garkveulwilad, Cveni raodenobrivi monacemebiTac dasturde-ba, romelic aCvenebs, rom evrointegraciis momxreTa 40%-ic ki mas qarTuli identobisTvis safrTxis matareblad aRiqvams. miuxedavad am safrTxis molodinisa, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, respondentTa 61% saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis momxrea. amdenad, saqarTveloSi erTdroulad Tanaarsebobs erovnuli siamayis maRali done da evrointegraciisadmi sak-maod pozitiuri damokidebuleba.

evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis perspeqtivis Sefaseba

saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis perspeqtivis Se-faseba respondentebisTvis sakmaod rTuli aRmoCnda: 38%-s uWirs, pasuxi gasces SekiTxvas, Tu rodis gawevriandeba saqa-rTvelo evrokavSirSi. rogorc mosalodneli iyo, pasuxis gacema yvelaze metad 61+ asakobrivi kategoriis responden-tebs uWirT.

cxrili 3 _ rodis gaxdeba saqarTvelo evrokavSiris wevri?

ar vici 5 welze nakleb droSi

6-10 weliwadSi

10 welze met droSi

arasdros

18-25 32% 18% 14% 16% 14%

26-40 35% 18% 15% 16% 8%

41-60 38% 19% 12% 17% 10%

61+ 47% 14% 12% 10% 13%

garda mosaxleobis ganwyobebisa, evrokavSiris `integraciis gare unaris~ mniSvnelovan maCvenebels socialuri da poli-tikuri institutebis mier evropuli standartebis danergvis

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mzaoba warmoadgens. sainteresoa, rogor afaseben respon-dentebi saqarTvelos mzaobas evrokavSirSi gawevrianebisT-vis: saqarTvelo umetesad moumzadeblad miaCnia mosaxleobis 40-50%-s, xolo daaxloebiT 25-30%-s uWirs Seafasos saqarT-velos mzaobis done.

cxrili 4 _ sxvadasxva seqtoris mzaoba saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi

gawevrianebisTvis

ar aris mzad

ufro mzad

vidre ara

namdvilad mzad aris

ar vici / uari

demokratiuli institutebis Camoyalibeba

46% 21% 5% 28%

kanonis uzenaesoba 49% 20% 5% 26%

adamianis uflebebis dacva 47% 24% 5% 24%

umciresobaTa uflebebis dacva 42% 25% 7% 26%

konkurentunariani sabazro ekonomika 52% 17% 3% 27%

saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisoba

45% 18% 4% 32%

evrokavSiris `integraciis gare unarTan~ erTad, aRsan-iSnavia `integraciis Sida unaric~, rac, popularul doneze, evrokavSiris qveynebis mosaxleobis gafarToebisadmi mzaobas asaxavs. saqarTvelos mosaxleobas uWirs Seafasos uSualod evrokavSiris qveynebisa da mosaxleobis damokidebuleba saqa-rTvelosTan mimarTebaSi: 32%-is azriT, evrokavSiris wevr qveynebs surT saqarTvelos gawevrianeba evrokavSirSi. Sede-gebi msgavsia uSualod evrokavSiris moqalaqeebis mier saqa-rTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis survilis SemTxvevaSic (31%). respondentis asaki aqac ganmsazRvrel faqtors Ta-maSobs: 61+ asakobrivi kategoriisTvis gacilebiT rTulia ms-gavsi Sefasebis gakeTeba, vidre SedarebiT axalgazrda respon-dentebisTvis. mosaxleobis TvalSi saqarTvelos evrointe-

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graciis perspeqtivis bundovanebis asaxsnelad damatebiT in-formacias gvawvdis respondentebis Sexeduleba saqarTvelos mimarT evrokavSiris moqalaqeebis damokidebulebis Sesaxeb. gamokiTxulTa mxolod 19% fiqrobs, rom evrokavSiris moqa-laqeebis damokidebuleba saqarTvelos mimarT pozitiuria da aqac umetesobas uWirs am SekiTxvaze pasuxis gacema (37%).

diagrama 7 _ evrokavSiris qveynebis umetesobas surs saqarTvelos

gawevrianeba evrokavSirSi

diagrama 8 _ evrokavSiris moqalaqeebis umetesobas surs saqarT-

velos gawevrianeba evrokavSirSi

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simetriuli Zalauflebis sakiTxi saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris

evrointegraciis procesis Sefasebisas kidev erTi arsebiTi faqtoria im damokidebulebebis ganxilva, romlebic uSualod evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris urTierTobebis sasurvel formebs exeba. ISSP-is erovnuli identobis 2013 wlis gamokv-levis Sedegebis mixedviT, SekiTxvaze, Tu ramdenad simetri-uli unda iyos Zalaufleba evrokavSirsa da misi wevri qveynebis xelisuflebebs Soris, mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani wili (36%) miiCnevs, rom evrokavSiri imdenive ZalauflebiT unda sarge-blobdes, ramdeniTac wevri qveynebis xelisufleba. am pozicias yvela asakobriv kategoriaSi gamokiTxulTa umravlesoba izi-arebs. Tumca, miuxedavad evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis Zlieri miswrafebisa, gamokiTxulTa naxevarze meti (53%) ar iziarebs mosazrebas, rom saqarTvelom evrokavSiris gadawyvetilebebis mixedviT unda ixelmZRvanelos im SemTxvevaSic ki, Tu maT ar eTanxmeba. rogorc Cans, saqarTvelos, rogorc gadawyvetilebis mimRebi suverenuli aqtoris, roli evrokavSirTan mimarTebaSi mosaxleobisTvis sakmaod sensitiur sakiTxs warmoadgens. ev-rokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris simetriuli urTierTobis arseboba uaRresad mniSvnelovnad miiCneva, rac TvalsaCinoa rogorc eqspertebTan da politikosebTan Catarebuli siR-rmiseuli interviuebidan, sadac isini cdiloben, rom ev-rokavSiri saqarTvelos Tanaswor partniorad warmoaCinon, ise mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli fokus jgufebidan, sadac monawileebi evrokavSirs im `saZmod~ miiCneven, romelic Se-ecdeba saqarTvelo `wamowios da daawios~ Zlier da ganviTa-rebul qveynebs, razec qvemoT detalurad visaubrebT. sanam uSualod am sakiTxs SevexebiT, pirvel rigSi, ganvixilavT mo-saxleobis asociaciebs evrokavSiris da evropeizaciis Sesaxeb.

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mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli fokus jgufebis analizi

evrokavSiri da evropeizacia: ZiriTadi asociaciebi

fokus jgufebis monawileTa asociaciebi evrokavSirsa da evrointegraciasTan dakavSirebiT sakmaod pozitiuri aR-moCnda, gansakuTrebiT axalgazrda respondentebs Soris. maTi narativebis gaanalizebis Sedegad ramdenime mniSvnelovani diskursi gamovlinda: a) evrokavSiri, rogorc erTiani, SeTanx-mebuli sistema; b) evrokavSiri, rogorc demokratiuli mmarT-veloba; g) evrokavSiri, rogorc usafrTxoebis garanti; d) ev-rokavSiri, rogorc ekonomikuri keTildReobis wyaro da e) evrokavSiri, rogorc upiratesi Rirebulebebis mqone erToba.

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom msgavsi tendenciebi gamov-linda erT-erT uaxles kvlevaSi, romelic evrokavSiris ga-farToebis mimarT evrokavSiris damfuZnebeli, wevri da kan-didati qveynebis mosaxleobis damokidebulebebs swavlobda (Dimitrova, Kortenska and Steunenberg, 2015). am kvlevis Tanax-madac, zemoxsenebuli qveynebis mosaxleobaSi evrokavSir-Tan dakavSirebuli erT-erTi mTavari diskursi swored misi, rogorc saerTo (gaziarebuli) wesebis sistemis warmoCenaa, romelSi gasawvrianebladac qveyana evrokavSiris politikur, ekonomikur da samarTlebriv standartebs unda akmayofileb-des. meore mniSvnelovani diskursis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiri warmoCenilia, rogorc mmarTvelobis supranacionaluri mod-eli, romelic iTvaliswinebs kanonis uzenaesobas, kanonze da-fuZnebul sazogadoebriv erTobas da, rac mTavaria, kanonis aRmasrulebel erovnul institutebs qveynis SigniT. mesame diskursi exeba evropul Rirebulebebsa da idealebs. am dis-kursis mixedviT, evrokavSiri ufro metia, vidre mxolod eko-nomikasa da kanonze dafuZnebuli erToba. evrokavSiri war-modgenilia, rogorc gaziarebuli Rirebulebebis sistema, sadac Tavisufleba, solidaroba, mSvidoba, mravalferovneba da keTildReoba mTavari faseulobebia. evrokavSiris mimarT utilitaruli da pragmatuli damokidebuleba gamovlinda 2004-2007 wels gawevrianebul (poloneTi, bulgareTi) da kan-

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didati qveynebis (serbeTi, makedonia) SemTxvevaSi. am qveynebSi miRebuli monacemebis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobas aqvs molodini, rom evrokavSiris wevroba maT qveynebSi umuSevrobis prob-lemas gadaWris, axalgazrdebs metad ganviTarebul qveynebSi migraciis SesaZlebloba eqnebaT, ganaTlebis xarisxi amaRlde-ba da saerTo keTildReobac gaizrdeba. aqve aRsaniSnavia kidev erTi diskursi, romelic evrokavSiris globalur mniSvnelo-bas usvams xazs da mas usafrTxoebisa da stabilurobis uzrun-velyofis pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs regionsa da msoflioSi. es diskursi rogorc damfuZnebeli, aseve wevri da kandidati qveynebis SemTxvevaSi gamovlinda (iqve).

Cveni kvlevis monacemebi adasturebs, rom evrokavSiri aRiqmeba, rogorc struqturulad gamarTuli sistema, romlis warmatebiT funqcionirebaSi TiToeul wevr qveyanas Tavisi wv-lili Seaqvs da Sesabamis sargebelsac iRebs. evrokavSiri aso-cirdeba `erT did ojaxTan,~ sadac yvela wevri qveyana erTiani ZalisxmeviT cdilobs saerTo problemebis gadaWras. swored amitom evrokavSiris wevroba saqarTvelosTvis uaRresad sa-survelad miiCneva.

`Cemi azriT, evrokavSiri aris erTi didi ojaxi, gaerTiane-ba im qveynebisa, romlebic evropaSia; es aris didi jaWvi da cdiloben, rom erTdroulad, erTad ganaxorcielon miznebi. evrokavSiri eWideba ara romelime konkretuli qveynis prob-lemas, aramed mTlianad evropis problemas, da eWidebian er-Tiani ZaliT. ramdenad efeqturia maTi saqmianoba, eg kidev meore mxarea. magram evrokavSiri CemTvis asocirdeba erT did ojaxTan da Zalian kargi iqneba, Tu Cvenc am didi ojaxis wevre-bi gavxdebiT~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`evropuli kavSiri erTianobasTan asocirdeba, erTiani valuta, erTiani sabaJo reJimi, erTiani sasoflo-sameurneo politika da daxmarebac erTmaneTisa, rom arsad moxdes re-gresia. didi imedia, rom male gavxdebiT am didi ojaxis wevre-bi~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

amasTan, fokus jgufebis monawileebma araerTxel aRniSnes, rom evrokavSiri gamoirCeva ganviTarebuli demokratiuli in-stitutebiT (Tavisufali media, miukerZoebeli sasamarTlo),

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rac adamianis Tavisuflebis (magaliTad, sityvisa da gamoxat-vis Tavisufleba, arCevanis Tavisufleba) da uflebebis (magal-iTad, kerZo sakuTreba) dacvis mTavar prioritetad aRiarebas gulisxmobs. rogorc warmodgenilma raodenobrivma kvlevamac daadastura, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesoba (62%) Tvlis, rom evrokavSiri swored demokratiuli gaerTianebaa (CRRC, 2015).

`evropuli faseulobebi, sityvis Tavisufleba, presis Ta-visufleba, mediis Tavisufleba, Tanabaruflebiani, konkuren-tunariani garemo, arCevanis Tavisufleba da sxvadasxva. demokratiis principebis garda, evropa CemTvis asocird-eba garkveul kulturasTan da garkveul mecnierebasTan, cxovrebis garkveuli wesia~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

am konteqstSi logikurad wamoiWreba evropuli Rirebule-bebis sakiTxi. aRsaniSnavia, rom 18-25 wlis axalgazrdebis az-riT, maTi Taoba ufrosi Taobisgan swored evropuli Rireb-ulebebisadmi realuri miswrafebiT gamoirCeva. garda amisa, axalgazrda respondentebi gansakuTrebiT usvamen xazs evro-puli kulturis upiratesobas da xarisxian evropul ganaTle-baze xelmisawvdomobis aucileblobas.

`Cveni Taoba ukve midis evropisken, Cvens Taobas sxva Rire-bulebebi aqvs. evropuli ganaTleba gvinda, kulturis Tval-sazrisiT gvinda, rom iqiTken aviRoT gezi; Tundac musika ev-ropuli gvinda~ (mdedr., 18-25, gori).

`CemTvis evropeizacia asocirdeba ganviTarebasTan, Tanamedrove msoflioSi sakuTari adgilis dakavebasTan, de-mokratiuli Rirebulebebis gaRrmavebasTan da adamianebis uflebebis dacvasTan~ (mdedr., 18-25, Telavi).

qarTvel politikosebTan da eqspertebTan Catarebuli in-terviuebis msgavsad, fokus jgufebis monawileebis SemTxveva-Sic gamoikveTa usafrTxoebis diskursi, kerZod, evrokavSiris, rogorc koleqtiuri mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis garantis xedva, rasac saqarTvelos evrointegraciis konteqstSi gansa-kuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba. aRniSnuli diskursi sakmaod gavrcelebuli unda iyos qarTul sazogadoebaSi, razec ra-

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odenobrivi kvlevis monacemebic metyvelebs: rogorc aRiniS-na, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 63% evrokavSirs regionSi mSvi-dobisa da usafrTxoebis wyarod miiCnevs (CRRC, 2015). Tumca, Cveni fokus jgufebis SemTxvevaSi, usafrTxoebis sakiTxi gan-sakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani kvlav axalgazrda respondentebi-sTvis (18-25) aRmoCnda. rogorc erT-erTma monawilem aRniS-na, evrokavSiri aris `saZmo~, romelic mraval problemasTan gamklavebaSi daexmareba saqarTvelos, romelTagan umTavresi teritoriuli mTlianobis sakiTxia.

`Cemi azriT, Zalian bevri ram Seicvleba. ar mogviwevs mTel rig problemebTan brZola marto. evrokavSiris saxiT gveyole-ba ,saZmo’, romelic am problemebis mogvarebaSi dagvexmareba. pirvel rigSi, es aris qveynis mTlianobasTan dakavSirebuli problemebi~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`dRes CvenTvis usafrTxoebis yvelaze kargi garanti aris evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba. Tu amas SevZlebT da im donemde mivalT, rom evrokavSiris wevrebi gavxdeT, es Zalian didi winsvla iqneba Cveni qveynisTvis da usafrTxoebis sakiTxebic mogvardeba~ (mdedr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos ekonomikur keTildReobas, fokus jgufebis monawileebi miiCneven, rom evrointegracias udidesi roli akisria am TvalsazrisiT, radgan, Tu saqarTvelo saTanadod izrunebs evrokavSiris standartebis damkvidrebaze, evropuli bazari qveynisTvis eqsportis axali samizne iqneba; meore mxriv ki, evropidan investiciebis Semosvlis kvaldakval gafarTovdeba Sromis bazari, rac saqarTvelos ekonomikaze dadebiTad aisaxeba.

`CemTvis, pirvel rigSi, evropeizacia asocirdeba eko-nomikis ganviTarebasTan. vfiqrob, rom ekonomikuri ganviTa-reba aris is sakiTxi da is RerZi, romelzec mTlianad qveynis cxovreba trialebs~ (mdedr., 18-25, Telavi).

`Tavisufali mimosvla iqneba, investorebi Semovlen, qvey-nis ekonomika da soflis meurneoba ganviTardeba. me vici, rom saqaTvelodan gatanili Txilis 10% midis evropaSi. is Tu dainteresdeba CvenTan am sferos ganviTarebiT, maT unda gvas-wavlon, rogor vawarmooT~ (mamr., 41-65, gori).

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rogorc Cans, respondentebisTvis naTelia, rom saqarT-velo ganviTarebadi qveynebis ricxvs miekuTvneba, romelsac uWirs, damoukideblad gaumklavdes rogorc garedan momdi-nare safrTxeebs, ise Sida gamowvevebs. Sesabamisad, xazi es-meba iseTi gaerTianebebis mxridan mxardaWeris aucileblobas, rogoric evrokavSiri da natoa. gansakuTrebiT aRiniSna ev-rokavSiris roli patara da susti qveynebis gaZlierebaSi rogorc usafrTxoebis, ise socioekonomikuri institutebis funqcionirebis TvalsazrisiT. amdenad, respondentebi imeds gamoTqvamen, rom evrokavSirTan daaxloeba saqarTvelosac ms-gavs sikeTeebs moutans.

amdenad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom zemoaRniSnuli diskursebi mi-aniSnebs mosaxleobaSi (gansakuTrebiT axalgazrdebis jgufSi) evrokavSirTan urTierTobis `garomantiulebis~ tendenciaze, romlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo warmoCenilia sust partnior qveyanad, romelsac `aswavlis~ da zurgs gaumagrebs Zlieri megobari _ evrokavSiri. is Seecdeba, saqarTvelo `wamowios da daawios~ Zlier da ganviTarebul qveynebs. am tendencias asaxavs raodenobrivi monacemebic. zemoT aRiniSna, rom mo-saxleobis naxevraze meti, kerZod, 54% darwmunebulia, rom evrokavSiri mis arawevr qveynebs ekonomikis ganviaTarebaSi exmareba, xolo 61%-is azriT, evrokavSiri arawevr qveynebs demokratiis ganviTarebaSi uwyobs xels (CRRC, 2015).

`Cemi azriT, evrokavSiri asocirdeba mSvidobasTan. aseve asocirdeba ZalasTan, romelic awesrigebs qveynebis SigniT mimdinare procesebs, ekonomika iqneba es Tu kultura, da cdi-lobs, rom susti qveynebi wamowios da daawios ganviTarebul qveynebs~ (mdedr.,18-25, quTaisi).

`Cven evropelebma xeli unda Segviwyon, rom viyoT us-afrTxod da gavZlierdeT. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac gavZli-erdebiT, SegveZleba msxvil politikur TamaSSi CarTva. dRes es rTulia~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

evrokavSirsa da evropeizaciasTan dakavSirebul aso-ciaciebze saubrisas, respondentebis mxridan araerTxel gai-JRera vizaliberalizaciis sakiTxma, Tumca, mxolod pozitiur konteqstSi ara: rigi respondentebis azriT, vizaliberal-

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izacia garkveul safrTxeebsac Seicavs, radgan mkveTrad gaa-Zlierebs saqarTvelodan mosaxleobis gadinebas, gansakuTrebiT ki, axalgazrdebis evropaSi migracias cxovrebis xarisxis gaum-jobesebis mizniT, rac saqarTvelos msgavsi patara qveynisTvis SesaZloa axalgazrdebisgan daclas~ niSnavdes (rogorc vnaxeT, msgavsi molodini raodenobrivma kvlevamac gamoavlina).

`rodesac evrokavSirze da saerTaSoriso gaerTianebebzea saubari, yovelTvis unda gavakeToT Sedareba, is postsabWoTa qveynebi, romlebic gawevriandnen, Tundac baltiispireTi, bul-gareTi, rumineTi, amas davamatoT saberZneTi, iq ra mdgomareobaa gawevrianebis Semdeg. aqedan gamomdinare, unda ganvsazRvroT, ramdenad gvawyobs. rogorc viciT, iq mTlad kargi mdgomareoba ar aris: estoneTi faqtiurad daicala axalgazrdebisgan, yvela qveynidan saSineli migraciaa~ (mamr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

`axla amboben am vizaliberalizaciaze, magram Tu Cven uvizo mimosvla gveqneba, axalgazrdebis 80% wava, radgan iq ganviTarebis meti Sansia, meti perspeqtivaa igive dasaqmebis kuTxiT. axlac ramdeni cdilobs da mere miTumetes gaizrdeba raodenoba...~ (mdedr., 18-25, zugdidi).

miuxedavad am safrTxis molodinisa, TvalsaCinoa, rom saqa-rTvelos moqalaqeebisTvis evrokavSirTan integracia da misi Tanmdevi evropeizaciis procesi pozitiur cvlilebebTan aso-cirdeba. isini evrokavSirTan daaxloebas mniSvnelovnad miiC-neven saqarTvelosTvis rogorc utilitarul-pragmatuli (us-afrTxoeba, ekonomikuri ganviTareba), ise RirebulebiT-nor-matuli (ganaTlebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba, kulturasTan zi-areba, demokratiuli Rirebulebebis danergva) TvalsazrisiT.

saqarTvelo, rogorc evropis nawili

marTalia, fokus jgufebis monawileTa evrokavSirTan da ev-ropeizaciis procesTan dakavSirebuli asociaciebi, metwilad, identuria, magram azrTa sxvadasxvaobas iwvevs sakiTxi, aris Tu ara saqarTvelo evropis nawili. dominanturi diskursis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo istoriulad evropuli qveyanaa, Sesa-

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bamisad, evropas ekuTvnis. aRniSnuli poziciis gasamyareblad, diskusiis monawileebi istoriul eqskurss mimarTaven.

isini, upirvelesad, `darbazs~ (XI-XIII saukuneebSi, saqarT-velos mefis karze arsebuli feodalebis saTaTbiro organo) ixsneben, rogorc saqarTveloSi parlamentarizmis safuZvels da miiCneven, rom swored es ukanaskneli warmoaCens saqarT-velos, evropis qveynebis msgavsad, demokratiuli Rirebule-bebis mqone saxelmwifod.

`me vTvli, rom saqarTvelo evropis nawilia. minda, mag-aliTad moviyvano Tamar mefis periodi, rodesac Seiqmna e.w. ,darbazi’ da, ase vTqvaT, parlamentis Canasaxovan formebs asrulebda im droisTvis. Tu aviRebT da SevadarebT evropis qveynebis istorias, am periodSi aseTi raRaceebi evropaSi ar arsebobda. anu, minda vTqva, rom saqarTveloSi Tavidanve iyo miswrafeba demokratiisken~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

jgufur diskusiebSi adgili hqonda iseT kulturul faq-torebze apelirebasac, rac saqarTvelos evropuli kulturu-li sivrcis nawilad warmoaCens: saqarTvelos gaqristianeba IV saukuneSi, XII saukuneSi dawerili `vefxistyaosani~, rogorc aRorZinebis epoqis nimuSi, XIX saukuneSi moRvawe Tergda-leulebi da XX saukuneSi _ cisferyanwelebi, rogorc evro-puli ideebis gamavrcelebelni _ es swored is magaliTebia, romlis safuZvelzec kvlevis monawileebi saqarTvelos evro-puli ojaxisadmi~ kuTvnilebis dadasturebas cdiloben. amas-Tan, rogorc zemoxsenebuli citatac mowmobs, mosaxleobaSic gamovlinda politikosebTan gaJRerebuli diskursi, rom saqa-rTvelo evropuli iyo Tavad evropaze adrec ki.

Cven viyaviT evropis nawili. evropa araferia, Tu ara qris-tianuli civilizacia. qristianoba CvenTan ufro adre dadga, vidre iq. Cven periferia viyaviT, sazRvarze viyaviT; Semdeg is-lamTan gauTavebelma mezoblobam es mogvitana~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

`dRes, humanizmis ideebze rodesac saubroben, qalisa da mamakacis Tanasworobaze, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi sul evropul magaliTs iSvelieben, magram aiReT vefxistyaosani,

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humanizmis ideebi iqidan modis. sad evropis me-14-e saukunis aRorZineba da sad ori saukuniT adre~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

unda aRiniSnos isic, rom politikosebTan da eqspertebTan Catarebuli interviuebis msgavsad, fokus jgufebis monawi-leTa narativSic SeiniSneba `oqsidentalizmis~ (Todorova, 1997) tendencia, rac gamovlinda kavkasiis regionSi, rogorc Crdilokavkasiel mezoblebTan, ise somxeTsa da azerbaijanTan SedarebiT, saqarTvelos meti evropulobis xazgasmiT.

`Cven geografiul mdebareobasTan da mezobel somxebTan, azerbaijanelebTan da CrdilokavkasielebTan SedarebiT nam-dvili evropelebi varT da yovelTvis gvyavda inteligencia, gansxvavebiT dRevandeli dRisgan. me bevri qveyana minaxavs da namdvilad ar arian ramiT Cvenze meti~ (mdedr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

miuxedavad imisa, rom fokus jgufebis monawileebma sakmaod vrclad isaubres evropasTan saqarTvelos istoriul da kul-turul kavSirze, qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebi mainc or dapirispirebul mxared aris warmoCenili. magaliTad, jgu-furi diskusiis Sedegad Cans, rom homoseqsualoba da erTsqe-siani qorwinebis daSveba, garkveuli segmentis azriT, evro-puli cnobierebis `savizito baraTia~ maSin, rodesac qarTuli Rirebulebebi ojaxis da tradiciuli qorwinebis upirateso-bas, ufrosis pativiscemas, naTesauri kavSirebis SenarCunebasa da, zogadad, kulturuli tradiciebis dacvas gulisxmobs, rac nakleb ganixileba Tanamedrove evropuli sazogadoebis maxasiaTeblebad. msgavsi Sexedulebebi gansakuTrebiT TvalSi-sacemia regionul qalaqebSi, 41-65 wlis respondentebs Soris.

`evropaSi ar aris ojaxuri siTbo, srulwlovani midis ojaxidan, ar aris qaliSvilobis instituti, aRiarebulia erTsqesiani qorwineba. Cven tradiciuli xalxi varT da gvaqvs ojaxuri siTbo, urTierTobebi naTesavebTan, romelic ar ikargeba da grZeldeba, ufrosis pativiscema, mSoblis pativ-iscema. evropaSi 18 wlis rom gaxdebian, arc kiTxuloben mSo-bels~ (mdedr., 41-65, baTumi).

`Tundac evropuli kultura da tradiciebi aviRoT, Tun-dac umciresobebTan dakavSirebiT _ evropaSi miRebulia

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erTsqesianTa qorwineba, CvenTvis es miuRebeli da amazrzenia. Cven Zalian bevri ram gangvasxvavebs evropelebisgan~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

amdenad, Tu evrokavSiri, erTi mxriv, politikuri da eko-nomikuri TvalsazrisiT, qveynisTvis sasikeTo cvlilebebis momtanad aRiqmeba, meore mxriv, is garkveuli kulturuli safrTxeebis Semcveladac moiazreba.

`vici, rom maTi ena da wesebi unda viswavloT. Cveni qarTuli tradicia marTlac rom nel-nela iSleba... qarTvelebi erTma-neTis sikeTisTvis da daxmarebisTvis varT. me ver davcildebi amas, isini amas gvTxoven. iseT garemos gviqmnian, rom adamians quCaSi Cauvli Cafiqrebuli da salami ar gesmis. es moitana am areulobam~ (mdedr., 41-65, baTumi,).

`rom maiZuleb antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miRebas, ras merCi, iqneb ar minda saerTod am kanonis miReba? ara, maiZu-lebs, rom ase moviqce~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

aqedan gamomdinare, fokus jgufebis monawileTaTvis evro-kavSiris `adgilobrivi analogis~ (Schimmelfennig, 2010) Seqmnis idea calsaxad misaRebi ar aris, radgan isini im ideologiuri principis safuZvelze irCeven, Tu ra unda iyos importire-buli dasavleTidan da ra _ ara, romelic sakuTar TavSi mate-rialuri da sulieri kulturis winaaRmdegobas atarebs (Chat-tarjee 1989). respondentebisTvis misaRebi da sasurvelia dasav-luri materialuri kulturis iseTi miRwevebi, rogoricaa teqnologiuri ganviTareba, ekonomikuri sistema da saxelmwi-fos mowyobis Tanamedrove formebi, rac dasavleTis upirate-sobasa da asimetriuli Zalauflebis ganmsazRvrel faqtors warmoadgens, da Seswevs unari, daiqvemdebaros~ ganviTarebadi qveynebi. rac Seexeba sulier kulturas, is miiCneva erovnuli identobis arsis, eris TviTobis ganmsazRvrelad da, amasTa-nave, iseT Zalad, romlis saSualebiTac araevropuli qveya-na (pirvel rigSi, geografiuli TvalsazrisiT araevropuli) upiratesobas flobs dasavlur civilizaciaze (iqve). swored `sulieri upiratesoba~ miiCneva `civilizaciuri arasrulfa-sovnebis~ gadamwon faqtorad (Morawska, 2003, 172).

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zemoxsenebuli SerCevis ideologiuri principi swored am winaaRmdegobis gadaWras emsaxureba: aradasavluri sax-elmwifo, eziareba ra dasavlur materialur sikeTeebs, ima-vdroulad, mis erovnul TviTmyofadobas unda inarCunebdes. Tuki amisTvis brZola mouwevs, pirvel rigSi, swored mate-rialurad unda iyos gaZlierebuli, risTvisac mas dasavleT-Tan daaxloeba sWirdeba. swored amgvari utilitaruli xedva vlindeba Cveni kvlevis monawileebSic, romlebic, erTi mxriv, evrokavSirisgan maqsimaluri sargeblis miRebas moelian, meo-re mxriv ki, saqarTveloSi antidikriminaciuli kanonis miRebas evrokavSiris mxridan iZulebad miiCneven.

evropis mier saqarTvelos xedva

respondentebi eWviT uyureben evropis mier saqarTvelos mis nawilad aRqmas. maT eWvebs gansakuTrebiT aZlierebs is gare-moeba, rom evrokavSiri qveynisTvis xelSesaxebi sargebelis (magaliTad, vizaliberalizaciis) micemas aWianurebs. am kon-teqstSi aqtiurdeba `fasaduri evrointegraciis~ da misiT uk-mayofilebis diskursi. diskusiis monawileebi xazs usvamen ev-rokavSiris pasiurobas da sifrTxiles, rom `mkveTri nabijebi~ gadadgas. maTi TqmiT, saqarTvelo evrokavSirisTvis realurad Rirebuli rom iyos, es ukanaskneli `tempsac ki daaCqarebda~ da garkveul problemebze `Tvalsac ki daxuWavda~, gansakuTrebiT iseT pirobebSi, roca `amxela saxelmwifo [ruseTi] gvaxrCobs da gvgudavs.~ isic iTqva, rom evrokavSiri gamadidebeli SuSiT~ akvirdeba qveyanas, rac ar metyvelebs mis motivaciaze, saqarT-velo Tundac potenciur wevrad ganixilos. Sesabamisad, msj-eloba umetesad evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis xelSemSleli da xelSemwyobi faqtorebis irgvliv ganviTarda.

`me ubralod meeWveba TviTon evrokavSiris damokideb-uleba Cveni qveynis mimarT. imxela kiTxvis niSnebia, iseTi gamadidebeli SuSiT uyureben TiToeul Cvens nabijs, absolu-turad yvelafers, rom, me vfiqrob, maTi mxridan ar aris didi survili, Torem SeiZleba bevr rameze Tvali daixuWos Cvens misaRebad~ (mdedr., 26-40, quTaisi).

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`Cemi azriT, naklebad Rirebulia saqarTvelo evrokav-SirisTvis, Torem ramdenime procedura SeiZleba daCqare-bulad gakeTdes. amxela saxelmwifo gvaxrCobs, gvgudavs da mkveTri nabijebi ar modis saqarTvelosken. Cven rom maTTvis elementarul Rirebul poziciaze vidgeT, daCqarebuli tempi Cvensken gadmoixreboda. raRacas SemogvTavazebda iseTs, rom raRac gavakeToT da uceb migviRebda~ (mamr., 26-40, quTaisi).

èvropam unda gadadgas iseTi mkveTri nabijebi, rom xalxs imedi gagviCndes. magram ar dgams aseT mkveTr nabijebs, mxo-lod aRSfoTeba gvesmis Cven~ (mdedr., 41-65, gori).

xelSemSleli garemoebebidan, upirvelesad, ruseTi saxel-deba, romelTan urTierTobis daZabva evrokavSiris intereseb-Si ar Sedis. Tumca, meore mxriv, aRniSnulia, rom evrokavSirs regionSi mSvidobis da stabilurobis damyareba surs, ris ga-moc 2008 wlis ruseT-saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli konfliqtis dros man saqarTvelos mxardaWera gamoucxada da mxolod SeS-foTebiT~ ar Semoifargla, aramed safrangeTis prezidenti uSualod CaerTo molaparakebebis procesSi. miuxedavad amisa, ruseTi im àngariSgasawev~ Zalad moiazreba, romlis gverdis avlac evrokavSirs ar ZaluZs.

`me kidev vfiqrob, rom yvela angariSs uwevs ruseTs. ami-tom [ferxdeba procesi], Torem, ra Tqma unda, Cven iseT geo-politikur mdgomareobaSi vimyofebiT, Savi zRvis sazRvridan gamomdinare. igive evraziis derefani, igive abreSumis gza _ aucileblad vWirdebiT yvelas, Cemi azriT; magram ruseTis faqtoris gamo yvela ikavebs Tavs~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

xelSemSleli faqtoria isic, rom saqarTvelo evropul standartebs ver pasuxobs, is jer `davalebebis Sesrulebis~ da `gamocdebis Cabarebis~ etapzea, da àlbaT, gvirabis bolos sinaTle gamoCndeba~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi). sxva sityvebiT, fokus jgufebis monawileebi swored evrokavSiris mxridan pirobiTobaze saubroben. maTi TqmiT, am etapze, saqarTvelo araTu im mTavar jildos ar imsaxurebs, rac evrokavSirSi gaw-evrianebas gulisxmobs, aramed iseT Sualedur jildosac ki, rogoric vizaliberalizaciaa, radgan saqarTvelos, rogorc

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evropul saxelmwifos, jer kidev `gamoZerwva da gamoqanda-keba sWirdeba.~ rogorc zemoT, aqac xazgasmulia evrokavSiris mxridan survilis nakleboba, rom saqarTvelos mondomeba daafasos da Semxvedri nabijebi gadadgas.

`[saqarTvelo] Cveni mTavrobasaviT aris, gamocdebs warmatebiT abareben, magram mainc ver iReben sasurvel samsax-urebs~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

èvropa rom Cven marTla Tavis nawilad gvTvlides, am-den xans migviRebda kidec; magram ar vakmayofilebT uamrav moTxovnas da arc gvixsnis am karebs~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

`Cemi azriT, evropa gviyurebs ise, rogorc skulptori uy-urebs garkveul masalas, ra dadgeba amisgan. SeiZleba gviyure-ben, rom, ai, am xalxisgan SeiZleba raRac dadges, magram jer ar aris damdgari. amas gamoZerwva da gamoqandakeba sWirdeba, dro sWirdeba~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

rodesac saubaria evrokavSirze, rogorc `skulptorze~ an `davalebebis momcem~ mxareze, gasaTvaliswinebelia evro-kavSiris ìntegraciis gare unaris~ sakiTxic. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, es ukanaskneli fasdeba qveynis SigniT demokratiuli konsolodaciis xarisxiT (magaliTad, kanonis uzenaesoba, ada-mianis uflebebis daculoba), saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis Sesa-ZleblobebiT (magaliTad, sajaro servisebis xarisxi, koruf-ciis done) da qveynis ekonomikuri keTildReobis maCveneble-biT. respondentebi aRiareben, rom am mimarTulebiT saqarT-velos jer kidev bevri samuSao aqvs, amdenad, is evrokavSiris rigebSi gasawevrianeblad mzad ar aris.

politikur-ekonomikuri ganzomilebebis garda, ìntegra-ciis gare unaris~ arsebiTi komponentia sazogadoebrivi mx-ardaWera. mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos, rom evrokavSiris gafar-Toebis politika gavlenas axdens sazogadoebrivi mxardaWeris xarisxze, kerZod, rac ufro intensiuria pirobiToba evro-kavSiris mxridan, miT ufro iklebs arawevr qveyanaSi evroka-vSiris mimarT mosaxleobis mxardaWera, rameTu sazogadoeba iwyebs evrokavSirTan integraciisTvis aucilebeli `safasur-is~ gacnobierebas (Schimmelfenning, 2014). am garemoebis gaT-

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valiswinebiT, `integraciis gare unari~ evrokavSiris mxridan arawevr qveynebSi sazogadoebrivi mxardaWeris gazrdasa da SenarCunebaze mudmiv zrunvas moiTxovs. Cveni fokus jgufebis monawileTa `fasaduri evrointegraciiT~ ukmayofileba, Sesa-Zloa, samezoblo politikis qveynebis mimarT evrokavSiris politikis efeqturobas, garkveulwilad, kiTxvis niSnis qveS ayenebdes. am TvalsazrisiT niSandoblivia, rom 2013 wlis mo-nacemebTan SedarebiT, 2015 wels saqarTvelos mosaxleobis 17%-iT naklebi aRniSnavs, rom xmas miscemda saqarTvelos ev-rokavSirSi gawevrianebas (CRRC, 2015).

rac Seexeba evrointegraciis xelSemwyob faqtorebs, kvlav xazi gaesva saqarTvelos geopolitikurad momgebian mdebareo-bas, rac mniSvnelovan resursad miiCneva kavkasiis regionSi evrokavSiris poziciis gasaZliereblad. Tumca, es xelSemwy-obi garemoeba, imavdroulad, safrTxed aRiqmeba, radgan miC-neulia, rom evrokavSirs saqarTvelos mimarT utilitaruli damokidebuleba da gegmebi amoZravebs. rogorc zogierTi monawile miiCnevs, evrokavSirs saqarTvelos geografiuli mdebareoba samxedro da biznesis TvalsazrisiT ainteresebs. erT-erTma respondentma isic ganacxada, rom evrokavSirisT-vis saqarTvelo erTgvari `nadavlia.”

`[evrokavSiri] saqarTveloTi ruseTis, yofili sabWoTa ka-vSiris teritorias gaakontrolebs. Cven zRva gvaqvs, gasasv-lelebi gvaqvs; ganalagebs saraketo Tavdacvis sistemebs. mgo-nia, rom samxedro mizniT vainteresebT~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`evrokavSiri saqarTvelos iyenebs. Tavis wevrad rom miaC-ndes, aqamde miiRebda. unda saqarTvelos teritoria; inves-torebis Semosvlac gamoyenebaa _ qmnian bizness da qarTvele-bi rCebian umuSevari, ucxoeli Semodis da muSaobs. es xom gam-oyenebaa?!~ (mdedr., 26-40, gori).

am SemTxvevaSi, sainteresoa qarTvelebis mxridan evrokav-Sirisadmi da evrokavSiris mxridan saqarTvelos mimarT utili-taruli damokidebulebis Sesaxeb warmodgenebis Sedareba. iqm-neba STabeWdileba, rom fokus jgufebis monawileTa warmodge-niT, evrokavSirisgan sargeblis miRebis moTxovna an molodini sruliad legitimuria, gamomdinare evrokavSiris materialuri

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kulturis TvalsazrisiT upiratesi mdgomareobidan. zemoT visaubreT saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris urTierTobis `garo-mantiulebazec~, rodesac evrokavSiri `mentoris~, xolo saqa-rTvelo _ mowafis~ anu ganviTarebis procesSi myofi subieqtis rolSia. am diskursis nawilia mosazrebac, rom evrokavSiri `win wamowevs~ ganviTarebad qveynebs da maT gaZlierebas cdilobs. aqedan gamomdinare, SegviZlia vivaraudoT, rom Cveni kvlevis monawileTa warmodgeniT, evrokavSirs ubralod `moeTxoveba~, gagebiT moekidos mis mimarT saqarTvelos pragmatul damokide-bulebas da maqsimalurad izrunos qveynis saWiroebebis dakmay-ofilebaze. meore mxriv, evrokavSiris mxridan saqarTvelosgan sargebelis miRebis survili qarTvelebis gamoyenebad~ aRiqmeba da, SeiZleba iTqvas, respondentebs `mentoris~ qceviT imedga-cruebuli `mowafis~ poziciaSi warmoaCens.

saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis perspeqtiva

fokus jgufebis monawileebis damokidebuleba saqarT-velos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis perspeqtivis mimarT sakmaod skeptikuri aRmoCnda, rac zemoTac gamovlinda qveynis evroin-tegraciis Semaferxebel faqtorebze msjelobisas.

upirvelesad, xazi gaesva saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianobis, iZulebiT gadaadgilebuli pirebis da e.w. gayinu-li konfliqtebis problemas, rac, Tavis mxriv, mWidro kav-SirSia ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris arsebul politikur daZabu-lobasTan. rogorc respondentebis nawili aRniSnavs, evrokav-Siris interesebSi ar Sedis Tavis rigebSi `dabeCavebuli~ saqa-rTvelos miReba, romelsac `Tavs amxela saxelmwifo [ruseTi] adgas zemodan, TandaTan wiwknis da arTmevs miwebs~ (mdedr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`Tundac imitom ar varT wevrebi, rom qveyanaSi amdeni devnili cxovrobs, romlebsac iZulebiT daatovebines miwa-wyali. amitom, Tu qveyana ar gaerTianda, ara mgonia, evrokav-Siris kari CvenTvis gaiRos~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

diskusiis monawileebma gaixsenes ukrainis SemTxvevac, rom-

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lis evrointegraciis procesi ruseTma 2014 wels warmate-biT Seaferxa. maTi azriT, es aris TvalsaCino nimuSi imisa, Tu ramxela safrTxes warmoadgens ruseTi saqarTvelosTvis. swored ukrainis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT, ararealis-turad miiCneva saqarTvelos mTavrobis mcdeloba, rom evro-integraciis mimdinare procesis fonze, imavdroulad, ruseT-Tanac megobruli urTierToba daamyaros.

`ukraina Sedioda evropaSi da ruseTma es gamoricxa omiT. Cvenc yvelanaiarad SegviSlis xels~ (mamr., 26-40, quTaisi).

`mTavrobis damokidebuleba, rom ruseTTanac da evro-pasTanac megobruli urTierToba gvqondes, imis gaTval-iswinebiT, Tu ras akeTebs ruseTi ukrainaSi, Zalian rTulia~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

ufro metic, ruseTTan mezobloba da misi gavlenis qveS myofi regionis wevroba, agreTve evrokavSirTan pirdapiri sazRvrebis arqona, saqarTvelos evrointegraciis Semaferxeb-el erT-erT ZiriTad faqtorad miiCneva.

`erT-erTi mizezi, ratomac ar gviReben, aris Cveni mdgo-mareoba da ruseTTan mezobloba~ (mdedr., 18-25, gori).

`getyviT, ratom ar aris perspeqtiva: evrokavSiris qveynebi erTmaneTs esazRvrebian, yvelas aqvs saerTo sazRvari. saqa-rTvelos pirdapiri sazRvari ar aqvs evrokavSirTan. Tundac vaWrobis xelSekrulebis Tanaxmad, rogor unda daicvas evro-kavSirma Tavi kontrabandisgan? Cven mxolod TurqeTs vesaz-RvrebiT, romelsac aseve ar uSveben evrokavSirSi. TurqeTs gadaaxtebian da Cven migviReben?!~ (mamr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

marTalia, diskusiis monawileTa nawils miaCnia, rom ru-seTis mezobloba saqarTvelos evrointegraciis Semaferxebe-li faqtoria, magram araerTxel gaiJRera mosazrebamac, rom saqarTvelos evrokavSirisTvis mimzidveli geopolitikuri mdebareoba aqvs: evrokavSiris interesebSi Sedis kavkasiis re-gionSi, saqarTvelos saxiT, demokratiuli qveynis mxardaWera, rameTu saqarTvelo gaxdeba regionSi mezobeli qveynebisTvis `samagaliTo~ saxelmwifo. garda amisa, saqarTvelo evrokav-

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SirisTvis strategiulad mniSvnelovani qveyanaa, ramdenadac evropisTvis da amerikisTvis axlo aRmosavleTTan damakav-Sirebel `derefans~ warmoadgens.

`saqarTvelo Tu gawevriandeba evropaSi, ruseTTan axlos aris demokratiuli qveyana, romelic SeiZleba gaxdes mag-aliTi sxva qveynebisTvis. igive somxeTisTvis da azerbaijan-isTvis, rac aris ruseTisTvis damRupveli da evropisTvis strategiulad momgebiani~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`amerikisTvis da evropisTvis satranzitod Zalian mniS-vnelovani saxelmwifo varT. amerikisTvis saqarTvelo aris derefani, romliTac avRaneTs ukavSirdeba, irans ukavSirdeba da a.S., regionia TviTon mniSvnelovani~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

evrointegraciis Semaferxebeli gare faqtorebis garda, respondentebi qveynis Sida winaRobebzec saubroben, romelT-agan erT-erTia saqarTvelos evrointegraciis prioritetu-lobis Seusabamoba normatul da qceviT doneze. axalgazrda respondentebi xazs usvamen, rom miuxedavad arsebuli sagareo politikis dokumentisa, qarTuli politikuri speqtri ar aris SeTanxmebuli imaze, rom prodasavluri kursi erTaderTi da Seucvlelia saqarTvelosTvis: Tu saakaSvilis mTavrobis pi-robebSi es iyo `dogma~, dRes, prorusuli propagandis wya-lobiT, qveyenaSi ruseTis mimarT pozitiuri sentimentebis gaZliereba SeiniSneba, rasac xelisuflebis mxridan sapasuxo reaqcia da Sesabamisi strategia ar axlavs.

`Cvens qveyanaSi ar aris mkafiod gamoxatuli azri, saiT mi-vdivarT. adre dogma iyo, rom mivdiodiT evropisken, rac axa-la cota Seicvala, TviTon mTavrobaSia azrTa sxvadasxvaoba. zogi ambobs, rom mivdivarT evropisken, zogi ki ruseTisken, Zveli droisken miiltvis~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`unda hqondes qveyanas Camowerili kriteriumebi da rom-eli mTavrobac ar unda movides, es kriteriumebi ar unda icv-lebodes. wlebis ukan qarTvelma erma Tqva, rom unda SevideT evrokavSirSi, es unda iyos Cveni mizani~ (mamr., 26-40, quTaisi).

aRniSnuli problemis erTgvar gagrZelebad aRiqmeba isic,

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rom mTavroba ar zrunavs evrokavSiris Sesaxeb mosaxleobis in-formirebulobis gazrdaze. Sesabamisad, sazogadoebaSi qveynis prodasavluri kursis mxardaWera saTanadod Zlieri ar aris, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs prorusuli propagandis warmatebas da evrokavSirze negatiuri miTebis gavrcelebas. amas isic emateba, rom saqarTvelos xma ar ismis saerTaSoriso politikur asparez-zec, gansakuTrebiT maSin, roca, gardamaval periodSi, qveyanas saerTaSoriso partniorebis Zlieri mxardaWera sWirdeba.

`swrafva gvaqvs, magram aris ramdenime garemoeba, romelic unda gadailaxos. detalebzea aq ukve saubari da unda Se-jerdes saxelmwifo erT politikur kursze da iaros da aiyo-lios xalxi. ra Tqma unda, amas piari sWirdeba da oficialuri dasabuTeba mosaxleobaSi~ (mdedr., 26-40, quTaisi).

`Cemi azriT, saWiroa TanamSromloba saerTaSoriso asparezze, sadac unda gavitanoT ara mxolod Cveni problemebi, aramed moti-vacia, rom Cven gvinda dasavluri kursiT svla da aRar gvinda, vi-yoT sabWoTa kavSiris gadmonaSTi saxelmwifo~ (mamr18-25., gori).

politikur problemebTan erTad, fokus jgufebis monawileebma saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri arastabilurobis Sesaxebac imsjeles, rac, bunebrivia, qveynis evrointegraciis process aferxebs, vinaidan `kidev erTi damatebiTi problema viqnebiT evrokavSirisTvis~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi). responden-tebma kritikuli mosazrebebi gamoTqves samTavrobo struq-turebis mimarT, aRniSnes ra, rom ar xdeba saqarTveloSi arse-buli resursebis saTanadod aTviseba da maTi Semdgomi ganvi-TarebisTvis iseTi investiciebis Cadeba, rom qveynis ekonomika gaumjobesdes. isic aRiniSna, rom saqarTveloSi adekvaturad ar fasdeba iseTi mniSvnelovani resursebi, rogoricaa nayo-fieri miwa da Savi zRva. qveyanas soflis meurneobis ganviTa-rebis realuri SesaZleblobebi aqvs, Tumca, ZiriTadad, mainc imports eweva. diskusiis monawileTa SefasebiT, arc turizmis ganviTarebas eqceva saTanado yuradReba.

`turizmic SeiZleba iyos mimzidveli evropisTvis da Cven SeiZleba SevTavazoT maT qveyana, rogorc turistuli, da am TvalsazrisiT gavzardoT Cveni potenciali. mesmis, rom amaze

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araa damokidebuli gawevrianeba, magram am potencialis Se-Tavazeba mniSvnelovani mgonia. iqneba misvla-mosvla...~ (md-edr., 18-25, zugdidi).

`ubralo xalxi, moqalaqeebi verafrs SevcliT, yvelaferi unda Secvalos mTavrobam. saqarTvelo resursebiT mdidariao da romels viyenebT? aqeT gvayidineben yvelafers, yvelaferi Zviria. raRac rom gaakeTon, raRac xelSewyoba rom iyos, isinic [evrokav-Siri] dainaxaven da SeiZleba migviRon~ (mamr., 26-40, gori).

respondentebisTvis aqtualuri sakiTxia qarTuli sazogadoe-bis pasuxismgebloba qveynis saerTo mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze, rac moiTxovs samoqalaqo cnobierebis gazrdas. fokus jgufebis monawileebma aRniSnes, rom qveynis ganviTarebaze zrunva ar unda iyos calmxrivi da mxolod xelisuflebis valdebuleba, aramed Tavad mosaxleobas unda hqondes mzaoba, iSromos ukeTesi Sede-gebis misaRwevad. amis nacvlad ki, qarTvelebi dabali socialuri pasuxismgeblobiT gamoirCevian da zedmeti Zalisxmevis gareSe momentalur sargebels elian. rogorc fokus jgufis diskus-anti axalgazrdebi aRniSnaven, `qarTvelebs yvelafris Zalian swrafad dasruleba gvinda, yvelafrisgan swrafad gvinda sarge-blis miReba~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi). imavdroulad, qarTvelebis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad mxolod dRevandeli dRiT cxovreba da samomavlo qmedebebis dagegmvis uunarobac saxeldeba, rac `mow-esrigebuli da kulturuli~ evropelebisgan ganmasxvavebel erT-erT ZiriTad niSnadaa miCneuli.

`[evropelebi] Zalian mowesrigebuli da kulturuli xalxia, nayofierebisa da Sromis dagegmvis TvalsazrisiT. Cven Sromas ver vgegmavT. arc viswavleT, arc gvaswavles. isini kargad geg-maven, yvelaferi zedmiwevniT aqvT dagegmili. me rom mkiTxon, xval ra iqneba Cems ojaxSi, qveyanaSi da sazogadoebaSi, namd-vilad ar vici. evropaSi ician, sul mcire, 50 wlis ganmavlobaSi ra Semosavlis wyaro eqneba ojaxs~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

axalgazrda respondentebma xazi gausves Taobebs Soris ide-ologiur gansxvavebasac, rac arsebiT gavlenas axdens maT mier evrointegraciis xedvaze: axalgazrdebs evropisken uWiravT Tvali da es maTi Camoyalibebuli arCevania maSin, rodesac

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ufros Taobas sabWoTa mmarTvelobaze ukeTesi realoba jer ar unaxavs, momavlis mimarT ki pesimisturad aris ganwyobili.

`drosTan erTad icvleba ideologiebi. wina Taoba sxva standartebiT xelmZRvanelobs, Cven ki naTel momavals vxe-davT evropaSi. is, rom rusebi marTlmadideblebi arian da mu-dam kargi Zma gveyoleba ruseTis saxiT, CvenTvis ase ar aris. Cven yvelafers vxedavT, rac qveyanaSi xdeba. Sesabamisad, gvaqvs gansxvavebuli ideologia. rodesac vizaliberalizaci-is sakiTxi daisva da daiwyo mokvleva am Temis farglebSi, aman kidev ufro momca imedi, rom raRac iqneba. Tu imedi ar gaqvs, arc araferi moxdeba~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

saintereso dakvirvebaa, rom fokus jgufebis monawileTa umravlesoba saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianebas ufro grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi xedavs (saSualod, 10-15 weli), vi-dre kvlevis monawile politikosebi da eqspertebi (saSualod, 5-10 weli). Tumca, orive mxare miiCnevs, rom evrokavSirSi gaw-evrianebamde saqarTvelos mTavari sazrunavi evrokavSiris standartebis danergva, kriteriumebis dakmayofileba da samo-qalaqo kulturis amaRleba unda iyos, rac, respondentTa az-riT, Tundac quCaSi moZraobis wesebis dacviT, rigSi dgomiTa da narCenebis nagvis urnaSi gadayriT gamoixateba.

`vfiqrob, rom Soreuli perspeqtivaa. saqarTveloSi ar arian mzad imisTvis, rom gaxdnen evropis nawili. es exeba yvelafers, midgomebs, nagvis dayras quCaSi. am donezec ar aris xlxi momzadebuli imisTvis, rom evrokavSirSi gavwevriandeT. Zalian Sors varT~ (mdedr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

`me ara mgonia, rom vinmem Tqvas, evropeli varo. CvenTan Zalian didi dro aris saWiro mag niuansebamde misasvlelad. Tundac rigSi dgoma, elementaruli moqcevis wesebi, rodesac rigSi Tavze gaxtebian, amis Secvlas Zalian didi dro dasWird-eba~ (mdedr., 41-65, baTumi).

Tanamedrove qarTul sazogadoebaSi dabali samoqalaqo kulturis mTavar mizezad komunisturi memkvidreoba miiC-neva. amdenad, gansakuTrebiT xazgasmulia axalgazrdebis mo-tivaciisa da Sromismoyvareobis roli, raTa evrointegraciis

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procesisTvis sasurveli socioekonomikuri garemo Seiqmnas.

`amdeni weli [ruseTTan] erTad viyaviT, komunisturma mmarTvelobam Tavisi daRi dagvasva, sazogadoebas daasva daRi. pirvel rigSi, sazogadoebas sWirdeba gazrda. ar varT im doneze, rom evrokavSiris wevrebi gavxdeT~ (mamr., 41-65, gori).

`es [qveynis ganviTareba] mxolod saxelmwifos meTaurze ar aris damokidebuli, xalxic unda iyos motivirebuli. ar min-da, rom vinmes Seuracxyofa mivayeno, magram Tundac is masa, romelsac ezareba muSaoba, Tundac axalgazrdoba. ekonomi-kuri mdgomareoba ar gaumjobesdeba, Tu Sen TiTis ganZreva ar ginda. motivacia unda iyos axalgazrdebSi, axali Taoba unda daitvirTos~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`fasaduri evrointegraciiT~ gamowveul imedgacruebas gan-sakuTrebiT xazs usvamen ufrosi asakis respondentebi. fokus jgufebis monacemebiT Tu vimsjelebT, respondentebisTvis ev-roitegracia fasaduria imdenad, ramdenadac a) saqarTvelos mxridan ar idgmeba qmediTi nabijebi imisTvis, rom qveynis ev-rointegraciam xelSesaxebi sargebeli moitanos da b) Tavad evrokavSiri aWianurebs saqarTvelosTvis realuri sargeb-lis micemas. amaze mianiSnebs is garemoeba, rom respondentebi saubroben, pirvel rigSi, vizaliberalizaciis gaWianurebaze, agreTve saqarTvelos mravalwlian evrointegraciis procesSi qveynis winsvlis naklebobaze.

`samwuxarod, axlandeli da wina xelisufleba mxolod si-tyvebiT Semoifargleboda. evropa, evropa... amiT vCumdebiT bolo 10-30 welia, Tumca evropisken saxelmwifos mxridan re-aluri nabiji gadadgmuli ar aris, rac unda aisaxos mosaxleo-bis yofa-cxovrebaSi da ganaTlebaSi, romelic nulze ki ara, minusebSia~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

`me vfiqrob, rom xalxs gaucruvda imedebi. uvizo mimos-vla ar gvaRirses, mapi ar mogvces, ar gvexmarebian. xom unda hqondes azri evrokavSirisken wasvlas? bevri ukve fiqrobs, rom azri ar aqvs~ (mdedr., Tbilisi, 26-40).

am konteqstSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom kvlevis monawile ramden-

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ime politikis eqspertmac kiTxvis niSnis qveS daayena evrokav-Siris politikuri neba, `xelSesaxebi sargebeli~ misces saqarT-velos, miuxedavad imisa, rom asocirebis xelSekrulebis saxiT amis safuZveli ukve Seqmnilia. gamoTqmuli ukmayofileba asime-triuli Zalauflebis sakiTxsac, anu saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobis Zalauflebriv ierarqiasac exeba (Grabbe, 2006). am Temis gagrZelebaa saqarTvelos suverenulobis sakiTxic, romelsac kvlevis monawileebi diskusiis msvlelobisas Seexnen. kerZod, fokus jgufebis monawileebi, gansakuTrebiT axalgaz-rda respondentebi, eWviT uyureben saqarTvelos politikur damoukideblobas da aRniSnaven, rom gare politikuri Zalebi saqarTvelos monawileobis gareSe wyveten qveynis saqmeebs: `Cven varT gaTiTokacebuli eri, romelic Tavad ki ar wyvets sakiTxebs, sxva karnaxobs raRaceebs (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

`magaliTad, nebismier Sexvedraze saqarTvelos problema TiTqmis ar ganixileba qarTvelebis mier, ganixileba sxva qvey-nebis mier, ganixilavs amerika da sxv. saqarTvelo ver wyvets verafers. Cveni damoukidebloba ar Cans aq, Cveni mmarTvelo-bidan gamomdinare~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

meore mxriv, aRiniSna, rom saqarTvelos ar aqvs berketebi, damoukideblad miiRos mniSvnelovani gadawyvetilebebi, rasac, realurad, msoflioSi ramdenime politikuri Zala akeTebs: aSS, evrokavSiri da ruseTi. aseT viTarebaSi ki, evropasTan daaxloeba ruseTis gavlenis qveS yofnis erTaderT alterna-tivad moiazreba. amdenad, kvlav Tavs iCens rogorc evrokav-Siris utilitaruli xedva, ise mis mimarT sakmaod ambivalen-turi damokidebuleba: miuxedavad saqarTvelos suverenitetis Semasusteblad miCnevisa, evrokavSirTan daaxloeba ruseTis eqspansiisgan dacvis mniSvnelovan strategiad miiCneva.

`saqarTvelo damoukideblad ver iarsebebs, an ruseTi Cae-reva, an evropa. radgan ruseTi ar minda, imedi maqvs, rom evro-pasTan viqnebiT dakavSirebuli~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

Sejamebis saxiT unda iTqvas, rom fokus jgufebis monawilee-bi saqarTvelos siciopolitikur da ekonomikur mdgomareobaze sakmaod kritikul refleqsias axdenen da qarTuli sazogadoe-

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bis naklovanebebi (mag.: dabali samoqalaqo kultura, sizarmace, mouwesrigebloba) saaSkaraoze gamoaqvT. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom diskusantebs gacnobierebuli aqvT evrokavSiris standartebis adekvaturad danergvis aucilebloba, raTa saqarTvelom umaR-lesi jildo _ evrokavSiris wevroba daimsaxuros. zemoxsenebu-lis fonze, maT narativebSi nihilisturi ganwyobac ikveTeba, rac gamowveulia, erTi mxriv, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis umo-qmedobiT, mzardi da efeqturi nabijebi gadadgas qveynis evro-integraciis gzaze da, meore mxriv, Tavad evrokavSiris gegmebis bundovanebiT saqarTvelos integraciasTan mimarTebaSi. mniS-vnelovania aRiniSnos, rom fokus jgufebis monawileebi evroin-tegraciaze msjelobisas saubroben ara evrokavSirTan samezob-lo politikaze, asocirebis xelSekrulebasa da mis farglebSi rigi sargebelis miRebis SesaZleblobaze, aramed uSualod evrokavSiris wevrobaze, rogorc uzenaes sargebelsa da re-alur Sedegze, romlis dadgomis Semdeg saqarTvelo upirobod moipovebs ganviTarebis da keTildReobis garantias, `asocire-ba ki arafers niSnavs~ (mamr., 41-65, Tbilisi). aseTi damokideb-uleba kvlavac imaze miuTiTebs, rom qarTuli sazogadoeba ar aris informirebuli evrokavSirTan daaxloebis procesis kom-pleqsurobaze. aqedan gamomdinare, evrokavSirTan warmatebuli politikur-ekonomikuri TanamSromloba mxolod misi wevrobis SemTxvevaSi warmoudgenia.

qarTuli politikuri elita _ proevropuli diskursebiT manipulireba?

zemoTqmulidan cxadia, rom mosaxleobis informirebulo-bas evrokavSiris da evrointegraciis Sesaxeb arsebiTi roli eniWeba am procesis mimdinareobaSi. metic, garda evrointe-graciis Sesaxeb informaciis flobisa, mniSvnelovania mo-saxleobis mxridan Tanamonawileobis gancdac. mosaxleobis in-formirebasa da procesebSi CarTvaze ki umTavresi pasuxismge-bloba politikur aqtorebs miewerebaT. amdenad, pirvel rig-Si, swored isini unda iyvnen saTanadod gaTviTcnobierebulni, raTa danarCeni sazogadoebis informireba uzrunvelyon.

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eqspertebTan Catarebuli siRrmiseuli interviuebidan gamovlinda maTi Sexeduleba, rom aucilebelia, qarTvelma politikosebma evrokavSiris da evrointegraciis Sesaxeb sa-kuTari informirebulobis gazrdaze izrunon, miT ufro, rom mmarTvel koaliciaSic ar aris erTiani xedva _ miuxeda-vad qveynis gacxadebuli sagareo kursisa, konkretuli poli-tikuri aqtorebi antidasavluri diskursebis gaJRerebasac ar eridebian. eqspertebisgan gansxvavebiT, fokus jgufebSi monawile mosaxleobas miaCnia, rom politikosebi Segnebulad ar awvdian sazogadoebas saTanado informacias evrokavSirisa da evrointegraciis procesis Sesaxeb. isini, erTi mxriv, `ise Wrian da keraven, rogorc surT~, meore mxriv ki, Segnebulad iyeneben mosaxleobisTvis gaugebar enas, radgan am gziT bev-rad martivia adamianebiT manipulireba.

`ician (politikosebma) da ise Wrian da keraven, rogorc surT; Cveulebriv xalxs ki elaparakebian am sakiTxebze is-eTi eniT, terminebiT, rom maT rTulad gaigon yvelaferi. ar-Tuleben Zalian da kidev ufro uWirs xalxs gaigos, ra aris ev-rokavSiri~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

amave diskursis Tanaxmad, maSinac ki, roca politikosebi konkretul nabijebs dgamen evrointegraciis mimarTulebiT, es ara qveynis ukeTesi momavlisTvis keTdeba, aramed mTavari mizani mosaxleobaSi `progresis iluziis Seqmnaa~, raTa am fonze Tavad politikurma aqtorebma naxon mogeba.

`dgamen garkveul nabijebs da amiT undaT, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi Seqmnan progresis iluzia, raTa ufro mSvidad Caidon fulebi jibeSi~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

mosaxleobaSi arsebuli es diskursebi Zalian hgavs poli-tikosTa da eqspertTa diskursebs, romelTa Tanaxmad, qarTve-li politikosebi gaTviTcnobierebulni arian evrokavSirisa da evrointegraciis procesis Sesaxeb, magram es ar niSnavs, rom isini aucileblad prodasavlurni arian. eqspertTa da poli-tikosTa Tanaxmad, rigi politikosebi antidasavlur gancxade-bebs akeTeben ara maTi gauTviTcnobiereblobis, aramed miza-nmimarTuli kampaniis gamo. mosaxleobaSi gamokveTili mosaz-

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rebis Tanaxmad ki, antidasavluri an bundovani gancxadebebis miRma garkveuli materialuri sargeblis miRebis motivacia imaleba.

mosaxleobis kvlevisas gamoikveTa alternatiuli diskur-sic, romlis Tanaxmad, politikuri elita kompetenturi adami-anebis simwiriT gamoirCeva, Sesabamisad, maT ar aqvT saTanado codna araTu evrokavSirisa da evropeizaciis, aramed, zoga-dad, qveynisTvis mniSvnelovani sxva sakiTxebis Sesaxebac. am TvalsazrisiT, yvelaze met moTxovnas mosaxleoba mmarTvel koalicias uyenebs. aRsaniSnavia, rom politikosTa arakompe-tenturobaze gansakuTrebuli yuradReba 18-25 wlis axalgaz-rdebma gaamaxviles.

`dRevandel politikosebs da mTavrobas ki undaT evroka-vSiri, magram, realurad, ar SeuZliaT muSaoba, anu ver Sedga is gundi, rom rame nabijebi gadadgas~ (mdedr., 18-25, Telavi).

amgvar pirobebSi, fokus jgufebis monawileTa sityvebiT, politikosebi iZulebulni arian, sasurveli TviTprezenta-ciis gamo, proevropuli gancxadebebi gaaJReron. am diskursis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobaSi imdenad maRalia proevropuli ganwyo-bebi, rom politikur aqtorebs, romc ar iyvnen proevropulni, eleqtoratis saamebeli gancxadebebis gakeTeba uwevT, radgan, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sasurvel xmebs dakargaven.

`SeiZleba Seicvala (proevropuli poziciebi), magram amas ver ityvian. SeiZleba ar undaT evrokavSirSi Sesvla, magram ver ityvian, radgan xalxi gadaTelavs~ (mamr., 26-40, baTumi).

politikosebis mier sakuTari proevropulobis deklari-reba mniSvnelovania, radgan erovnuli kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris da evrointegraciis mxardamWerTa raodenoba mniSvnelovnad aRemateba misi mowinaaRmdegeebis ricxvs. raodenobrivi kvlevebi cxadyofs, rom, marTalia, 2009-2013 wlebTan SedarebiT, saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gaw-evrianebis momxreTa raodenoba Semcirda, magram 2015 wels am process kvlavac mosaxleobis soliduri nawili _ 61% uWerda mxars (Eurasia Partnership Foundation, 2015). 2016 wlis martis mo-nacemebiT ki, gamokiTxulTa 77%-sTvis misaRebia saqarTvelos

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mTavrobis gacxadebuli mizani, qveyana evrokavSiris wevri gaxdes (NDI, CRRC, 2016). am aRmavali tendenciis biZgis mimcemi erT-erTi faqtori, SesaZloa, vizaliberalizaciis molodini da masTan dakavSirebuli utilitaruli mosazrebebi iyos. mo-saxleoba pirveli realuri sargeblis miRebas swored vizal-iberalizacias ukavSirebs. es sargebeli ki, Tavis mxriv, martiv mimosvlasTan erTad, ekonomikur winsvlasTanac asocirdeba.

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom mosaxleoba politikur aqtorTa ara mxolod narativebs, aramed Tanmdev qmedebebsac afasebs. fokus jgufebis monawileTa azriT, politikosTa mxridan, umetesad, proevropuli kursis Sesaxeb saubrebi ismis, realur qmedebebs ki naklebad aqvs adgili. am TvalsazrisiT, arsebuli xelisufleba ar aris gamonaklisi, radgan calsaxad proevro-puli diskursis mqone wina xelisuflebac ki xSirad `araevro-pul~ qmedebebs axorcielebda. Sesabamisad, problemad rCeba is faqti, rom orive _ wina da amJamindeli _ xelisuflebis piro-bebSi erTmaneTs upirispirdeba proevropuli gancxadebebi da antievropuli qmedebebi. amdenad, amomrCevelTa mxardaWeris mosapoveblad, mxolod sakuTari proevropulobis deklari-reba sakmarisi ar aris da mas realuri aqtivobebi unda mos-devdes.

`mgoni, politikosebi naklebad arian gadaxrili evro-pisken. gamosvlebSi amboben, rom undaT Sevidnen evrokavSirSi, Tumca maTi saqcieli am nebas ar asaxavs. Tundac ,gazpromTan’ molaparakebebi, ruseTisken mimavali gza ufroa, vidre evro-kavSirisken~ (mdedr., 26-40, baTumi).

`politikosebisgan mxolod sityvebi gvesmis, romlebic sisruleSi ar mohyavT. carieli sityvebia; marTla surT Tu ara ramis gakeTeba, ver gaigeb~ (mdedr., 26-40, baTumi).

aqve, sainteresoa mosazreba, rom politikuri aqtorebi da-moukideblad ki ar iReben gadawyvetilebebs, aramed `viRac dgas maT ukan.~ miuxedavad imisa, rom maT kargad ician, rom swored evropuli gzaa ganviTarebis gza~, mainc viRacis kar-naxs~ misdeven. rTuli misaxevdri araa, rom am `viRacis~ qveS ruseTi da prorusuli Zalebi igulisxmeba.

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`politikosebma Zalian kargad ician, ra aris kargi da ra mimar-TulebiT unda iaron, magram, radgan maT arCevani viRacam ukarnaxa, viRac dgas maT ukan, isinic ise iqcevian, rogorc maT karnaxoben. mSvenivrad ician politikosebma, rom evropuli gzaa ganviTarebis gza, magram karnaxs misdeven. mosaxleoba, Tavis mxriv, viRacis xa-TriT iRebs gadawyvetilebas~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

aq kompleqsuri situacia iqmneba _ politikosebi `viRacis kar-naxs~ misdeven, mosaxleoba _ politikosebisas, ramac, diskusantTa azriT, sazogadoeba procesebis calsaxad zemodan marTvasa da so-cialuri pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan aridebas SeaCvia. maTi TqmiT, qarTul sazogadoebas msgavsi daRi sabWoTa reJimma daasva.

`politikosebis arCeva, visac Cven qveynis marTvas vandobT, isev da isev Cven xelTaa. Cven ar viRebT swor gadawyvetilebas da es isev imitom, rom miCveulebi varT, rom viRac gvirCevda, gviniSnavda mmarTvels. dResac igive xdeba: viRac mova, gTxovs, Cemi axlobelia da iqneb xma misce da vimeorebT igives. arCev-ans qveynis momavlisTvis ki ar vakeTebT, aramed viRaceebis xa-TriT viRebT gadawyvetilebebs~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

amrigad, respondentebi mxolod politikosebs ki ar akisre-ben evrointegraciis procesis warmatebiT warmarTvaze zrun-vas, aramed savaldebulod miiCneven moqalaqeebis mxridanac Sesabamisi socialuri pasuxismgeblobis aRebas.

mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebulobis done evrointegraciis sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT

rogorc aRiniSna, evropeizaciis warmatebuli mimdinareoba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebu-lobis doneze da procesSi Tanamonawileobis gancdaze, agreTve imaze, Tu ramdenad legitimurad aRiqvams is evrointegraciis process. radaelis mosazrebiT, `sakoordinacio diskursze~ metad, rac evropeizaciis legitimacias politikuri elitebis doneze gulisxmobs, mniSvnelovania `komunikaciuri diskursi~, rac politikuri komunikaciis iseT formebs moiazrebs, romle-bic farTo masebzea mimarTuli da swored maT TvalSi axdens

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evropeizaciis legitimacias (2003, 40). aRsaniSnavia, rom rigiT moqalaqeebSi evrointegraciis ideis legitimaciis da maTi pro-cesSi CarTvis mniSvneloba gamoikveTa rogorc eqspertTa da politikosTa, ise mosaxleobis narativebidan.

evrokavSiris axal wevr da kandidat qveynebSi erT-erTi dominanturi diskursia evrokavSiris, rogorc wesebze da-fuZnebuli erTobis xedva. Sesabamisad, es qveynebi evroka-vSiris standartebis danergvaze zrunvas evrointegraciis umniSvnelovanes safexurad miiCneven. xazgasasmelia, rom am paToss skeptikurad ganwyobili moqalaqeebic iziareben, rom-lebic evrokavSirTan integraciis perspeqtivas bolomde ar gamoricxaven. ubralod, maTTvis mniSvnelovania, CarTulni iyvnen procesebSi da grZnobdnen, rom elitebisTvis maTi azri Rirebulia. arsebiTi mniSvnelobisaa sajaro sivrceSi disku-siis gadatanis aucilebloba, raTa sul ufro met moqalaqes mieces azris gamoTqmis da diskusiaSi CarTvis SesaZlebloba; vinaidan arsebobs albaToba imisa, rom Tundac nakleb skep-tikurad ganwyobilma moqalaqeebma `Suri iZion~ politikur elitebze imiT, rom, vTqvaT, referendumze mxari ar dauWiron gafarToebis ideas (Dimitrova, Kortenska and Steunenberg, 2015).

evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Sem-deg, evrokavSiris Sesaxeb mosaxleobis gaTviTcnobierebis mimarTulebiT saqarTveloSi aRmavali tendencia SeiniSneba (Eurasia Partnership Foundation, 2015). Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom informirebulobis zrdas aucileblad ar mosdevs evroite-graciis momxreTa raodenobis zrda, radgan, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mosaxleobas SesaZloa aSinebdes evrokavSirTan inte-graciisTvis saWiro `safasuri.~

fokus jgufebis monawileni aRniSnaven, rom ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba metad ufrTxis evrointegraciis `gverdiT movle-nebs~, vidre axalgazrdebi. miuxedavad imisa, rom maT nara-tivebSi ar vlindeba arsebiTi sxvaobebi asakobrivi niSniT, Ta-vad xazs usvamen, rom qarTul realobaSi amgvari sxvaobebi TvalsaCinoa: axalgazrdebi ufro metad uWeren mxars evroin-tegracias, vidre ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba, rasac, maTi Se-fasebiT, swored informaciisadmi wvdoma ganapirobebs. radgan axalgazrdebs ufro miuwvdebaT xeli internetze, CarTulni

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arian sainformacio kampaniebSi, gadian samoqalaqo ganaTlebis gakveTilebs an monawileoben sxvadasxva treningSi, isini ukeT acnobieren evrointegraciis sikeTeebs. ufrosi Taobis warmo-madgenlebi ki, maTi TqmiT, informaciis naklebobiT gamoirCev-ian, amitom isini evrointegracias safrTxed aRiqvamen rogorc erovnuli identobisTvis, ise qveynis teritoriuli mTliano-bisTvis (ruseTis agresiis gazrdis SiSiT). aqve xazgasmulia `evroskeptikosi~ ufrosi Taobis warmomadgenlebis ideolo-giuri dapirispireba dasavlur RirebulebebTan, ruseTis, ro-gorc erTmorwmunisa da axlo mezoblis, argumentis moSveli-ebiT. gasaTvaliswinebelia mosazrebac, rom sabWoTa kavSirSi cxovrebam asakovani adamianebis Rirebulebebs negatiuri daRi daasva, Sesabamisad, axal realobasTan adaptacia uWirT.

erT-erTi dominanturi diskursis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis arainformirebulobis mizezebi mTavrobis pasiurobasa da pro-evropuli ritorikis naklebobaSi unda veZioT. gansakuTrebiT safrTxis matareblad miiCneva saqarTvelos mTavrobis pasi-uroba rusuli propagandis gaZlierebis pirobebSi. aRsaniS-navia, rom, rogorc evrobarometris statistikurma analizma aCvena, evrokavSiris mimarT ganwyobebze uSualo gavlenas Tavad evrokavSiri ar axdens. yvelaze Zlieri faqtori, rac gavlenas axdens evrokavSirisadmi mosaxleobis ganwyobebze, aris adgil-obrivi politikuri aqtorebis qmedeba qveynis Sida da evropul doneze. amdenad, mosaxleobis ganwyoba evrointegraciisadmi uSualo kavSirSia mTavrobis warmatebul saSinao politikas-Tan. Sesabamisad, evropeizacia ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc mTavrobis mier mosaxleobisTvis dasaxuli ganyenebuli mizani an qveyanaSi evrokavSiris warmomadgenlebis aqtiurobis pirda-piri Sedegi (Dimitrov, Harlampiev and Stoychev, 2015, 18).

respondentebis azriT, imis gamo, rom evrointegraciis popularizacia aqtiurad aRar mimdinareobs, evrokavSiris mxardamWerTa ricxvi Semcirda da, rusuli propagandis ga-Zlierebis fonze, prorusulad ganwyobili mosaxleobis ra-odenoba gaizarda. aRniSnul mosazrebas reprezentatuli kv-levis Sedegebic adasturebs, romlis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis evrokavSirisadmi ndobis maCvenebeli 34%-mde Sem-cirda, roca 2009 wels is 54%-s Seadgenda (Eurasia Partnership

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Foundation, 2015, 15). aRniSnul monacemebs, garkveulwilad, NDI-is 2015 wlis agvistos monacemebic amyarebs, romlis Tanaxmad, mosaxleobis 44%-is azriT, bolo xanebSi (2012 wlis Semdeg) saqarTveloze ruseTis gavlena gaizarda da mxolod 17% mi-iCnevs, rom evrokavSiris gavlenaa gazrdili (NDI, CRRC, 2015).

`ramdenime wlis win Tu evrokavSirs meti mxardamWeri hyavda gamokiTxvebiT, axla Semcirda katastrofulad. ratom? imitom, rom, Tu adre mediiT 24 saaTis manZilze gaiZaxodnen, kargia evro-paSio, axla amas ase xmamaRla da xSirad aRar amboben. propaganda-agitacia midioda da Sedegic iyo, axla ki rusuli propagandaa da naklebia evrokavSiris mxardamWeric~ (mdedr., 26-40, zugdidi).

fokus jgufebis monawileebi, erTi mxriv, xelisuflebas adanaSauleben proevropuli ritorikidan gadaxvevasa da mo-saxleobis arainformirebulobis xelSewyobaSi; meore mxriv ki, mediasaSualebebis pasiurobasa da politikur mikerZoebas usvamen xazs. Tumca, es ori problema erTmaneTTan mWidro ka-vSirSi ganixileba, radgan miCneulia, rom swored xelisufleba cdilobs mediis kontrols.

`raRac etapze media ar aSuqebs yvelafers zustad, cota unda gaizardos evrokavSiris Temis aqtualuroba, daintere-seba rom moxdes... Tavisi konkretuli pirobebi aqvs medias, ma-gram ase vityodi me, rom gavlenis qveS aris da saqarTvelos mosaxleobas imitom ar aqvs SesaZlebloba, evropis Sesaxeb vr-celi informacia miiRos~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

rogorc irkveva, informirebulobis TvalsazrisiT, soflis mosaxleoba yvelaze mZime mdgomareobaSia. maT nawils Zalian mwiri an saerTod ar aqvs informacia evrokavSiris Sesaxeb, risi mizezic, xSirad, mizanmimarTuli dezinformacia (rusuli `rbili Zalis~ Tu prorusuli politikuri partiebis gavle-niT) an informaciis araswori interpretaciaa, ramac SesaZloa, evrokavSiris mimarT agresiac ki gamoiwvios.

`TviTon sofelSi vcxovrob da ara aqvT informacia saer-Tod da ukve aRizianebT, evrokavSirs rom igeben. imdenad cu-dad aqvT es informacia miRebuli, informacias cudad albaT televiziidan iReben...~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

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erT-erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, miuxedavad imisa, rom araer-Ti sainformacio kampania tardeba sxvadasxva dainteresebuli jgufisa Tu organizaciis mier, evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informa-ciis mimwodebel institutebs Tu pirovnebebs Tavad ar aqvT sakmarisi kvalifikacia, amitom araTanmimdevruli da mosaxle-obisTvis gaugebari formiT xdeba komunikacia. zemoTqmulis dadasturebaa is, rom respondentTa azriT, sakiTxis aqtua-lobidan gamomdinare, sxvadasxva arasamTavrobo organizacia cdilobs, mosaxleobis informirebulobis amaRlebidan piradi sargebeli miiRos da miuxedavad kompetenciis naklebobisa, sxvadasxva trenings atarebs, rac, sinamdvileSi, sazogadoe-bis informirebulobis dones ar zrdis. aRniSnuli problema eqspertebTan siRrmiseuli intervius drosac gamoikveTa.

`gacnobierebis done mosaxleobaSi araa maRali. marTalia, rom arsebobs konkretuli RonisZiebebi, igive samoqalaqo ga-naTlebas swavloben skolebSi, aris treningebi da arsebobs garkveuli wyaroebi informaciis mopovebis, magram yvelaferi dasaxvewia. modis informacia, magram xSirad problema isaa, rom informaciis momwodeblebi arakompetenturebi an nak-lebad kompetenturebi arian~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

`araorganizebulad xdeba informaciis miwodeba. Seura-cxyofas aravis vayeneb, magram bevrma Tavisi dajgufebebi, arasamTavroboebi gaxsna da yvelam daiwyo raRac treiningebis Catareba. vinc atarebs treinings, kvalifikacia unda hqondes, unda erkveodes kargad da ar unda iyos viRacis kontrolis qveS, Cemi azriT~ (mdedr., 18-25, Telavi).

sagulisxmoa respondentTa TviTkritikuli damokideb-uleba qarTul sazogadoebaSi ganaTlebis donis mimarTac. evrokavSiris da evrointegraciis procesis Sesaxeb arain-formirebulobis erT-erT ZiriTad mizezad swored sazoga-doebaSi arsebuli ganaTlebis dabali done miiCneva, rac xels uSlis mosaxleobis garkveul nawils, sworad Seafasos evro-integraciis Tanmxlebi sikeTeebi Tu gamowvevebi. swored ga-naTlebis deficiti miiCneva imis mizezad, rom mosaxleobis garkveuli segmenti evrokavSirsa da evraziul kavSirs ver arCevs erTmaneTisgan. NDI-is 2015 wlis agvistos monacemebiT,

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respondentebis 12% rogorc evrokavSirSi, ise evraziul kav-SirSi gawevrianebis momxrea. SesaZloa isini fiqrobdnen, rom orives wevrobiT ufro met sargebels miiReben, Tumca udavoa, rom ara aqvT gaazrebuli is fundamenturi sxvaobebi, rac am or kavSirs udevs safuZvlad. informirebulobis deficitze miuTiTebs isic, rom respondentTa 63%-s gaugia evrokavSir-Tan asocirebis xelSekrulebis Sesaxeb, Tumca mxolod 28%-ma icis, rom asocirebis xelSekruleba saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs evrokavSiris qveynebSi muSaobis uflebas ar aZlevs (Eurasia Partnership Foundation, 2015, 7).

`xSirad moismenT, albaT, kargia evrokavSirSio. realurad ra moaqvs amas, ar icis xalxma. rom hkiTxo, evrokavSiri Tu evrazi-uli, oriveze getyviT, kargiao da mTavaria, romelime kavSirSi iyos da sul ar fiqrobs, romels ra moaqvs”(mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

miuxedavad zemoTqmuli kritikuli mosazrebebisa, gamoiTqva alternatiuli azric, rom dRes aqtiurad tardeba proevro-puli sainformacio kampaniebi da rom bolo periodSi rogorc saxelmwifo, ise arasamTavrobo seqtoris mier gansakuTrebiT gaizarda mosaxleobisTvis evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba. ubralod, mosaxleobam es yvelaferi saTanadod rom gaiazros, droa saWiro.

`me mgoni, informaciul vakuumSi marTla ar varT. informa-cia arsebobs da Tu gvinda rame gavigoT, gavigebT kidec. magram am yvelafers sWirdeba dro, rom bevrma adamianma gaigos. tar-deba RonisZiebebi, treningebi, Sexvedrebi, ubralod yvela araa amaSi CarTuli da drois faqtoria, nel-nela sul ufro meti adamiani gaecnoba informacias. ubralod, gaaCnia, vis aintere-sebs da vis ara es informacia~ (mdedr., 26-40, zugdidi).

`erTi minda aRvniSno, asocirebis xelSekrulebidan bolo ori Tvea 4-5 treiningze viyavi evrokavSiris mimarTulebiT. adre iyo, magaliTad, genderul Tanasworobaze, axla yvelagan tar-deba treiningi evrokavSirze; tendencia wamovida, me vgrZnob. es mizanmimarTulad xorcieldeba da Zalian kargic aris imitom, rom weRan vaxseneT informaciis deficiti~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

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evrointegraciis sakiTxebze mosaxleobis informirebulobis amaRlebis gzebi

evrointegraciis sakiTxebze mosaxleobis informirebulobis amaRlebis erT-erT umTavres gzad respondentebs mediasaSuale-bebi esaxebaT, maTi sakomunikacio funqciidan da gavrcelebis arealidan gamomdinare. informaciis miRebis mTavar wyarod televizia rCeba da rogorc reprezentatuli raodenobrivi kv-levebi aCvenebs, respondentTa 79%-s surs, rom evrokavSiris Sesaxeb meti informacia miiRos televiziidan, xolo 16%-s _ socialuri qselebidan (Eurasia Partnership Foundation, 2015, 9).

`media asrulebs Zalian did rols informirebulo-bis TvalsazrisiT. sazogadoebaSi evrokavSiris Sesaxeb in-formirebulobis amaRlebis xelSesawyobad gadacemebis momzadebac SeiZleba, Tundac socialur qselebSi reklama, flaerebis darigeba~ (mdedr., 18-25, gori).

axalgazrda respondentebma xazgasmiT aRniSnes, rom in-formirebulobis asamaRleblad saukeTeso saSualeba social-uri mediaa, radgan tradiciuli sainformacio saSualebebisgan gansxvavebiT, romlebic, respondentTa sityvebiT, ama Tu im politikuri Zalis gavlenis qveS eqceva da amitom nakleb san-doa, socialuri media sxvadasxva arxidan informaciis Tavisu-flad wvdomisa da obieqturi wyaros arCevis saSualebas iZleva.

`yvelaze kargi wyaro mainc interneti mgonia imitom, rom ra informaciasac veZeb, me TviTon viReb. televizia imas geubneba, rac TviTon unda, internetiT maqvs SesaZlebloba, ase Tu ise, avirCio. me SemiZlia ganvasxvavo obieqturi wyaro, romlidanac informacias miviReb da davijereb. magram televizia da gazeTebi mainc arasando mgonia imitom, rom imas awvdian, rac TviTon un-daT da pirdapir gavlenas axdenen masaze~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

mosaxleobaSi evrokavSirisa da evropeizaciis Sesaxeb in-formirebulobis amaRlebis umniSvnelovanes subieqtad mTav-roba moizreba, radgan is flobs Sesabamis administraciul resurss da kompetencias, rom evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informa-ciis gavrceleba uzrunvelyos. zogierTi respondenti mTav-

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robis mosaxleobasTan komunikaciis garkveul sqemasac ki sax-avs; kerZod, centraluri xelisuflebiT dawyebuli da, munic-ipalitetebis gavliT, soflis rwmunebulebiT dasrulebuli, mniSvnelovnad miaCniaT koordinirebuli saqmianoba, mosaxle-obisTvis evrokavSiris Sesaxeb saTanado informaciis misawo-deblad, gansakuTrebiT centridan daSorebul regionebSi.

`saxelmwifo uwyebebidan unda modiodes eg datvirTva, rom Tundac svaneTSi an iseT regionSi TviTon municipalitetebs unda daavalo. hyavT maT warmomadgenloba, soflis gamgeble-bi, romlebmac unda gaacnon mosaxleobas informacia~ (mamr., 26-40, quTaisi).

aqve gamoiTqva kritikuli mosazreba, rom xelisufleba araa Tanamimdevruli evrointegraciis procesSi da, garkveulwilad, ormag standarts mihyveba, radgan, erTi mxriv, evrokavSirisad-mi miswrafebis deklarirebas axdens, meore mxriv ki _ sabWoTa simbolikis reabilitacias, rogoricaa stalinis memkvidreobis xazgasma Tu ruseTTan loialuri politikis warmoeba.

`rodesac xdeba stalinis figuris wamoweva da amaze migan-iSneben da paralelurad evrokavSirisken midixar, es ormagi standartia~ (mamr., 41-65, gori).

zogadad, unda aRiniSnos, rom mTavrobis dadanaSauleba prorusul orientaciaSi an ruseTTan damTmobi politikis war-moebaSi fokus jgufebis diskusias mudmivad gasdevda; kerZod, saubari iyo imaze, rom arsebuli mTavroba evrointegraciis popularizaciis TvalsazrisiT sakmaod pasiuria, wina xelisu-flebasTan SedarebiT, romlisTvisac aRniSnuli Tematika pri-oritetuli iyo. msgavsi damokidebuleba, garkveulwilad, yo-fili xelisuflebis ritorikas ukavSirdeba misi prodasavluri kursis eqskluziurobaze, romlis Sesaxeb eqspertul kvleva-Sic aRiniSna. mis farglebSi ramdenime respondenti opozici-idan `qarTul ocnebas~ antidasavlur kursSic adanaSaulebda. am TvalsazrisiT, sainteresoa evraziis TanamSromlobis fon-dis 2015 wlis gamokvleva, romlis Tanaxmad, respondentTa 47% miiCnevs, rom evropul Rirebulebebs `nacionaluri moZraoba~ iziarebs, 24%-is azriT ki _ `qarTuli ocneba~ (16).

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respondentebis nawils evrokavSiris Sesaxeb mosaxleobis informirebulobis gazrdis saukeTeso gzad sajaro Sexve-drebis organizeba esaxeba, rasac, maTi azriT, sistematuri xasiaTi unda hqondes, rom Tanmimdevrulad da etapobrivad moxdes informaciis miwodeba. aseve, mniSvnelovnad miaCniaT beWduri sainformacio saSualebebis gavrceleba, sadac mar-tivad da TvalsaCinod iqneba Sejamebuli informacia evrokav-Siris saqmianobis Sesaxeb. informaciis miwodebis efeqtur gza-daa miCneuli samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo organizaciebis mier mosaxleobasTan fokus jgufis tipis diskusiebisa Tu treningebis Catareba. gamoiTqva mosazreba e.w. `sazogadobri-vi azris liderebis~ gziT informaciis gavrcelebis Sesaxebac, gansakuTrebiT periferiul sasoflo dasaxlebebSi, radgan mo-saxleoba swored maT endoba. amdenad, respondentTa azriT, evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebis kampaniaSi yve-la SesaZlo rgoli unda iyos CarTuli, iqneba es xelisufleba, mediasaSualebebi, arasamTavrobo organizaciebi, Tu Tundac ama Tu im mcire dasaxlebis avtoritetebi.

`aprobirebuli meTodebi, rac aris, magaliTad, bukletebis saxiT informaciis miwodeba, videorgolebiT miwodeba da a. S., Tumca es aris fragmentuli xasiaTis informacia da mainc-damainc did efeqts ver iZleva. am SemTxvevaSi, saWiro iqneba am tipis Sexvedrebi (fokus jgufebi). marTalia, am SemTxveva-Si, aseulobiT adamianis mobilizeba erT adgilze TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, magram SesaZlebelia ramdenime aTeuli adamia-nis codnis amaRleba. esec mniSvnelovania da, rac mTavaria, soflebis magaliTze, es SeiZleba iyos e.w. elita, romlebic garkveuli avtoritetiT sargebloben adamianebSi da Semd-gomSi maT gaavrcelon informacia~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

amasTan, respondentebma aRniSnes, rom aucilebelia sworad ganisazRvros samizne jgufebi, vinaidan sxvadasxva asakis, gana-Tlebisa da profesiis adamians gansxvavebuli midgoma sWird-eba, Sesabamisad, sainformacio kampania maTi interesebis da saqmianobis specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT unda daigegmos. aqve xazi gausves, rom umniSvnelovanesia Sesabamisi informaciis gasageb enaze miwodeba, radgan gaugebrad miwodebulma infor-

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maciam araTu informirebulobis donis amaRleba da evrointe-graciisadmi pozitiuri damokidebulebis formireba, aramed, piriqiT, SesaZloa mosaxleobis gaRizianeba gamoiwvios.

`samizne jgufebi unda ganisazRvros calcalke. glexs unda daelaparako, konkretulad Sen ra sargebels miiReb evro-pisgan da ra SeiZleba safrTxe Segeqmnas. man yvelaferi unda icodes sworad. glexs calke, padagogs calke. pedagogebi ari-an mniSvnelovani segmenti, Cemi azriT, romlebic momaval Tao-basTan uSualo kontaqtSi arian da imaT ara aqvT swori mimar-Tuleba. me visTvisac momismenia, pedagogebma ar ician da isini verafers aswavlian~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

`glexs aucileblad sWirdeba swavleba. Cveni glexi Zalian Sromismoyvarea, magram mas sworad sWirdeba informaciis miwodeba. me maxsendeba ruseTis istoria, rodesac karto-fili Seitanes, ar uTxres, rom bolqvi eWamaT da Wamdnen zeda nawils. daiwyo protesti, rom gvwamlaveno. aqac moxdeba igive~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informirebulobis gazrdis kuTxiT, fokus jgufis monawileebi yuradRebas amaxvileben Tavad mo-saxleobis ganaTlebis donis amaRlebis mniSvnelobaze. gamoiTq-va mosazrebebi zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi evro-kavSiris Sesaxeb sagnis SemoRebaze. xazi gaesva Tavad ojaxis da saskolo garemos gansakuTrebul rols da am ukanasknelis TanamSromlobis mniSvnelobas arasamTavrobo organizaciebT-an, rogorc evrokavSiris Sesaxeb informaciisa da dasavluri Rirebulebebis gamavrcelebel ZiriTad agentebTan.

`pirvel rigSi, skolaSi unda dainergos [sagani evrokavSiris Sesaxeb]. Tavidanve unda dainetresdnen. 40 wlis zemoT adamian-ebs veRaraferi daainteresebs. rodesac Tavidanve dainterese-bulebi iqnebian, survilic eqnebaT~ (mamr.,18-25, gori).

`etyoba, ojaxi moqmedebs 17-18 wlis bavSvebze, romlebsac aqvT dava, evropa ukeTesia Tu ruseTi. amitom jer mSoblebi unda aRezardaT amaT, Tu undodaT evrointegracia, rom Semdgom am ideebze bavSvebi gazrdiliyvnen. magram, sabednierod, xandaxan iseTi organizaciebi Semodian... Cemi Svilebi pirvel skolaSi swav-

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loben. Semovida organizacia da iyo wamaxalisebeli saCuqari, vinc bevri ram icoda evropis Sesaxeb da Zalian bednieri iyo im dRes Cemi Svili, rom ajoba jgufSi yvelas~ (mdedr., 41-65, quTaisi).

erT-erTi narativis Tanaxmad, informirebulobis gazrda ar unda gulisxmobdes evrokavSiris Sesaxeb mxolod pozitiuri in-formaciis miwodebas, aramed sxvadasxva perspetividan gaanali-zebas da dadebiTi da uaryofiTi aspetebis adekvaturad Sefase-bas. respondentebs problemad miaCniaT, rom sazogadoebis bevri wevrisTvis evrointegracia zedmetad optimistur molodinebTan asocirdeba da nakleb _ im pasuxismgeblobasTan da gamowvevebT-an, romelic am process Tan axlavs; amdenad, fiqroben, rom mo-saxleobis mier evropuli arCevani nakleb gaazrebulia.

`me Camivarda xelSi wigni saTauriT: ,ra aris evrokavSiri?’ Cven valdebulebi varT, Cven momaval Taobas zustad gavuw-eroT, ra eqnebaT, Tu SevalT da ra ar eqnebaT, Tu ar SevalT. radgan aklia reklama, informirebuloba, bavSvebs hgoniaT, rom Tu SevalT, sazRvrebi gaixsneba da espaneTSi plaJze wamowvebi-an. ase ar aris. zustad unda icodnen, ras vutovebT, rom mere saflavSi Casulebi ar gvwyevlon (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

`unda daanaxo kargic da cudic da perspeqtivebi unda dain-axos adamianma, rom dafiqrdes da miiRos gadawyvetileba, re-alurad unda Tu ar unda evropa~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

mosaxleobis informirebulobis gazrdis saukeTeso saSu-alebad evropasTan gaxsnili sazRvrebi da mis farglebSi saqa-rTvelos mosaxleobis aqtiuri gadaadgileba dasaxelda, rac gansakuTrebiT uwyobs xels evropaSi miRebuli codnisa da gamocdilebis saqarTveloSi gamoyenebas. aq gamoikveTa evro-paSi wasuli SromiTi migrantebis roli, romlebsac dasavlur RirebulebebTan Tu cxovrebis wesTan praqtikuli Sexeba aqvT, Camosvlis Semdeg ki _ TavianT gamocdilebas adgilobriv mo-saxleobas gauziareben. meore mxriv, yuradReba gamaxvilda mo-swavleTa da studentTa gacvliTi programebis mniSvnelobaze, radgan mozardi jer kidev Rirebulebebis formirebis pro-cesSia da misi darwmuneba ufro martivia, vidre zrdasruli adamianisa Camoyalibebuli RirebulebaTa sistemiT.

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`is xalxic, romlebic am wuTSi evropaSi imyofebian, zogi momvlelad, zogi raRac mSeneblobaze muSaobs, is xalxi Tu saqarTveloSi dabrunda... ai, me vinc vici, zogi saberZneTSia, zogi italiaSia wasuli, zogi espaneTSi. imaT dainaxes erTi weli, ori, xuTi... ar SeiZleba, imaT gavlena ar moaxdinon Cven-ze. Camova is Taoba da da Cveni integracia moxdeba am kuTxiT~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

`me mgonia, rom Zalian mniSvnelovania gacvliTi programe-bi. Zalian bevri bavSvia ukve, romelmac am programebiT evro-paSi imogzaura, iq raRac dro gaatara da es dagrovili cod-nac da informaciac Cvenamde moitana. eseTi gacvlebi Tu xSiri iqneba, es iqneba yvelaze kargi gza, ufro swrafad davuaxlov-deT evropas~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

evropeizaciis gavlena mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze

fokus jgufebis monawileebis da eqspertebis mosazrebe-bi, Tu rogor aisaxa asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Sedegebi mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze, TiTqmis iden-turia. eqspertebisTvis gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania xelSek-rulebis xelmoweriT `daZruli yinuli~, rac, Tavis mxriv, araerT sakanonmdeblo iniciativas iwvevs da ramac evropul standartebTan daaxloebas unda Seuwyos xeli. am Temaze msj-elobisas mosaxleoba ufro kritikulia da miiCnevs, rom aso-cirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Sedegad maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi araferi Secvlila. am mosazrebas iziareben ro-gorc ufrosi, ise axalgazrda Taobis respondentebi. mocemu-li skeptikuri mosazrebebi SesaZloa gamowveuli iyos im myis-ieri dadebiTi Sedegebis molodiniT, romelic qarTul sazoga-doebas asocirebis procesTan dakavSirebiT hqonda. aRniSnul problemaze siRmiseuli interviuebSi monawile eqspertebmac gaamaxviles yuradReba, xazi gausves ra mosaxleobis Sesa-Zlo imedgacruebas asocirebis SeTanxmebasTan dakavSirebu-li ararealisturi molodinebidan gamomdinare. Tumca, kvl-

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evaSi monawile mosaxleobis nawili miiCnevs, rom asocirebis xelSekrulebas ver eqneboda myisieri Sedegi, Sesabamisad, arc gansakuTrebuli molodini hqondaT. aRniSnuli dokumentis xelmowera aRiqmeba, rogorc evrointegraciisken swrafvis formaluri dadastureba, romelic ufro ritorikis doneze rCeba da aCvenebs, rom saqarTveloSi evropeizaciis procesi jer kidev ar gadasula diskursulidan qmedebis etapze, Tumca mainc mniSvnelovani `win gadadgmuli nabijia.”

`Cemi mezobeli isev fanjridan isvris nagavs... laparaki laparakad darCeba, Tu raRac ar gaakeTe. es xelSekruleba, al-baT, formalurad Cveni proevropuli poziciis dafiqsirebas niSnavs~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`SeiZleba Cvens ojaxebs ase araferi daetyo, arc avSendiT da arc daviqeciT, magram es aris Zalian didi win gadadgmuli nabiji da winapiroba imisa, rom odesme gavxdebiT evrokavSiris wevri~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

miuxedavad dominanturi poziciisa, rom evrokavSirTan aso-cirebis Sedegebi mosaxleobis yoveldRiur cxovrebaze ar asax-ula, zogierTi respondenti ukve gamoyofs im xelSesaxeb sargeb-els, rac sazogadoebis garkveulma segmentma miiRo da asoci-rebis xelSekrulebis damsaxurebaa. maTi azriT, es, umetesad, soflis meurneobisa da biznesis seqtorSi dasaqmebul adami-anebs Seexo, Tumca TandaTanobiT sxva sferoebzec aisaxeba da saqarTvelos TiToeuli moqalaqisTvis iqneba TvalsaCino.

`savaWro kuTxiT SeiZleba viRacas misca winsvla, vinc bizne-siT aris dakavebuli, zustad ar vici. asocirebis xelSekrulebas mohyva savaWro gzebis, bazris gaxsna. albaT im xalxisTvis, vinc bizness akeTebs, raRac winsvla iqneba~ (mdedr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

`soflis meurneobas Seexo, aris grantebi evropidan, wers xalxi da iRebs kidec. rom ara es grantebi, rac axla gvaqvs soflis meurneobaSi, isic ar gveqneboda. aseve, miwis qimiurad damuSavebis saSualebebi, arxebis damuSavebisTvis Tanxebi da a.S. asocirebis SeTanxmebaSi aris iseTi punqtebi, romlebic unda amoqmeddes. mTavaria, rogori iqneba saxelmwifos neba, raze gaamaxvilebs is yuradRebas _ soflis meurneobas dauT-

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mobs met dros, adamianis uflebebs Tu ras... magram es aris kargi SesaZlebloba, rom nel-nela yvelam vigrZnoT es Zvrebi sakuTar Tavze~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

zogierTi respondenti mTavar sargebels asocirebis Semdgomi procesebidan elis. isini aRniSnul xelSekrulebas ganixilaven, rogorc pirvel nabijs evrokavSiris wevrobis mimarTulebiT. am konteqstSi, respondentebi mkveTrad mijnaven evrokavSirs (da evropas, romlis simbolizebasac evrokavSiri axdens) da ruseTs. isini aRniSnaven, rom gansxvavebiT ruseTisgan, evrokavSiris dapirebebi mxolod qaRaldze ar rCeba. zemoTqmulis gaTval-iswinebiT, asocirebis xelmoweris pirvel xelSesaxeb Sedegad respondentebi vizaliberalizacias miiCneven.

`ara, qaRaldze ar darCeba. evropa da evrokavSiri ar aris is Zala, raRac qaRaldze daweros da Semdeg miagdos, ro-gorc ruseTma icoda. etyoba, dro unda; Cveni qveynisgan unda garkveuli nabijebis gadadgma. Zalian bevri xelisSemSleli faqtori SeiZleba iyos~ (mamr., 41-65, gori).

evrointegraciis optimisturi xedvis paralelurad, gamoiTqva skeptikuri mosazrebebic; kerZod, zogierTi re-spondentis azriT, asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdgom araTu gaumjobesda, piriqiT, kidev ufro gauresda rogorc qveynis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba, ise kulturuli Rirebulebebis dacva. erTi mxriv, respondentebma yuradReba gaamaxviles `fasaduri~ evropeizaciis problemaze, romelic mxolod garegani, formaluri maxasiaTeblebiT zomavs winsv-lis xarisxs, rac, sinamdvileSi, ver aumjobesebs qveynis eko-nomikur Tu politikur mdgomareobas; meore mxriv ki, xazi gausves erovnuli identobis winaSe arsebul safrTxeebs, ra-sac isini seqsualuri umciresobebis mimarT metad liberal-uri politikis gatarebasTan akavSireben.

`Tu ginda tualetSi gamoacxve puri, oRond kafeli iyos gakruli da ... ISO sertifikati amas moicavs. Cemma mezobelma daxura Tone, radgan ver gaakeTa kafeli. meores Zalian didi farTi aqvs da didi xarjia iq kafelis gakvra, isic xuravs. es vigrZeniT, sikeTe ar moutania~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

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`politikaSic rogorc iyo, isev isea, ubralod, ufro lib-eraluri gancxadebebi gaisma. cota iseTi Temaa, magram sx-vadasxva sqesobrivi ganxrebi momravlda... maT mimarT ufro liberalurebi gaxdnen, meti araferi. egeTi sakiTxebi ki, vT-vli, rom ar aris misaRebi. Tu aris es adamiani gansxvavebuli orientaciis, iyos TavisTvis, afiSireba ar aris saWiro. magaTi liberaluri midgomebi sazogadoebisTvis miuRebelia~ (md-edr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

evrokavSiris standartebis danergvis Sesaxeb

evropeizaciis kvlevisas erT-erT centralur sakiTxs ev-rokavSiris standartebis danergvisadmi qveynis strategiis Seswavla warmoadgens. Tu evropeizaciaSi evrokavSiris form-aluri da araformaluri wesebis, normebisa da saqmis keTebis~ evropuli modelis danergvas moviazrebT, unda gvaxsovdes, rom am modelis SeTviseba ara mxolod sajaro politikis, aramed Sinauri diskursisa da identobebis doneze xdeba (Ra-daelli, 2003, 30). rogorc aRiniSna, evrokavSiris standartebis danergvis mTavari meqanizmi pirobiTobaa; Tumca gasaTval-iswinebelia, rom saqarTvelos msgavsi qveynebisTvis, romelTa sagareo politikis prioritets swored evrokavSirTan inte-gracia warmoadgens, TviTpirobiTobis meqanizmic qmediTia. am gziT qveyana, romelsac surs, grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi mainc gaxdes evrokavSiris wevri, ise iqceva, TiTqos meti pirobi-Tobis farglebSi ganixileba, agzavnis signalebs, rom mzadaa SeuerTdes wevrebs da cdilobs, evrokavSiri daarwmunos, rom is kandidatad ganixilos (Schimmelfenning, 2010, 15).

swored TviTpirobiTobis roli vlindeba, roca fokus jgufebis monawileebi aRniSnaven, rom saqarTvelo evrokav-Siris standartebs sakuTari surviliT nergavs. Tumca, aq ori sapirispiro narativis gamoyofaa SesaZlebeli: erTis Tanaxmad, standartebis danergva xdeba imitom, rom qveyana acnobierebs, rom es misive progresisTvisaa aucilebeli. aq saqme gvaqvs fenomenTan, romelic cnobilia saxelwodebiT `evropeizacia evrokavSiris gareSe~ (Irondelle, 2003). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna,

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is gulisxmobs mdgomareobas, rodesac qveyana ukmayofiloa marTvis adgilobrivi sistemiT, imavdroulad, qmediTad da warmatebulad miiCnevs evrokavSiris ama Tu im regulacias da swored misi gadmoReba-danergviT cdilobs adgilobriv prob-lemebTan gamklavebas.

àrafers aravin ar gvaiZulebs, gvWirdeba es yvelaferi da magitomac unda SemoviRoT es standartebi“ (mamr., 41-65, zug-didi).

meore narativis Tanaxmad ki, evrokavSiri saqarTvelos sa-kuTari TamaSis wesebs sTavazobs da Tu qveyanas masTan inte-gracia surs, am TamaSis wesebiT unda ixelmZRvanelos. aq ki saqme gvaqvs pirobiTobis meqanizmTan, anu evrokavSiris mxri-dan sanqciebisa da jildos principis gamoyenebasTan (Schimmelf-enning, 2012, 7). Tu qveyana evrokavSiris moTxovnebs misdevs, briuseli sapasuxod jildos sTavazobs da, piriqiT, sasjels uwesebs moTxovnebis Seusruleblobis SemTxvevaSi. samezoblo politikis qveynebisTvis jildo SeiZleba gamoixatos vizal-iberalizaciis perspeqtivis daCqarebaSi, xolo sasjeli _ misi ganusazRvreli vadiT gadawevaSi.

fokus jgufebidan vlindeba, rom mosaxleobas gaazrebuli aqvs pirobiTobis roli da esmis, Tu ra SeiZleba moyves evro-kavSiris davalebebis adekvaturad Sesrulebas an Seusrule-blobas. diskusiebidan ikveTeba, rom yvelaze did jildod evrokavSiris wevroba ganixileba, sasjelad ki _ masze uaris miReba. swored evrokavSiris SesaZlo wevroba ganixileba e.w. òqros jildod~ samezoblo politikis qveynebSi. ufro met-ic, kvlevebis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris normebis ganxorcielebis maRali mzaoba im qveynebs axasiaTebs, sadac momavalSi wevro-bis imedi aqvT (Sedelmeier, 2011; Schimmelfennig, 2012; Borzel, 2015). Tumca, aq Tavs iCens ori problema: erTi mxriv, am qveynebs ar aqvT myari garantia, rom pirobebis Sesrulebis SemTxvevaSi evrokavSiris wevrobas miiReben; meore mxriv ki, saqmes ar-Tulebs ruseTis faqtori, romelic sxvadasxva saxiT, magram samezoblo politikis yvela qveyanaSia warmodgenili. miuxe-davad imisa, rom saqarTvelo uaxloes momavalSi òqros jil-dos~ ar moelis (Tumca grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi misi miRebis

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imedi aqvs), msgavsad samezoblo politikis sxva qveynebisa, mas sWirdeba evrokavSiris Tundac mcire jildoebi, romelTa miReba mniSvnelovani cvlilebebis biZgis mimcemi xdeba (Borzel and Lebanidze, 2015).

`me vfiqrob, rom Cven qveyanasac ar awyenda evropuli stan-dartebis gadmoReba da garkveul jildosac veliT, gvinda, rom gagvawevrianos. standartebs vnergavT maTi keTilganwy-obis mosapoveblad, es Cven sazogadoebasac waadgeba~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`mizani amarTlebs saSualebas. Tu gaqvs mizani, evrokavSiri geubneba _ ginda CvenTan? gaakeTeb amas? ki, batono! ar Seasru-leb, araferic ar iqneba. evrokavSiri ise ar miiswrafvis Cveni miRebisken, rogorc Cven miviswrafviT, Cven ufro gvinda es. gaa-keTeb? miRebis albaToba ufro maRalia~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

marTalia, respondentebi xazs usvamen qveynis sakeTil-dReod standartebis damkvidrebis mniSvnelobas, magram miiC-neven, rom problema isaa, rom amJamad saqme mxolod saubriT Semoifargleba da diskursis donidan qmedebis doneze ar ga-dadis. Simelfenigis da zedelmaieris sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, adgilobrivi aqtorebisTvis norma qmediTia mxolod ritori-kis doneze (2005, 8).

`laparakiT ki gvinda, magram saerTod ar vcdilobT; konkretuls, laparakis garda, arc arafers vakeTebT~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

aqve mniSvnelovania, yuradReba gavamaxviloT diskursze, romlis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiris standartebis danergva sasik-eToa da aucilebelic, magram problema isaa, rom saqarTvelo ar aris mzad maT dasanergad, Sesabamisad, am etapze maTi dan-ergva SeiZleba aRqmul iqnas, rogorc iZuleba.

`bevri standartisTvis Cven TviTon ar varT mzad, anu bevri iseTi raRacaa gasakeTebeli, rom im standartamde unda mix-vide~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`aris raRaceebi, rac miRebulia evrokavSirSi, Tundac te-qnikuri daTvaliereba. es kargia, magram CvenTvis es daZalebaa.

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amiT adamiani SeiZleba ojaxs arCendes, magram es manqana rom Seamowmo, SeiZleba Camosaweri gaxdes~ (mamr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

amgvari iZulebis nimuSad respondentTa nawils antidis-kriminaciuli kanonis magaliTi mohyavs. marTalia, mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom saqarTvelom antidiskriminaciuli kanoni iZulebis gamo miiRo, calke diskursis saxiT ar gamovlenila, magram sainteresoa diskusantis Sexeduleba, rom am SemTxvevaSi sabWoTa periodis modeli gaTamaSda, rodesac moskovidan anu centridan wamosuli direqtivebis Sesruleba regionebis mier yovelgvari winaaRmdegobisa Tu ganxilvis gareSe xdeboda, ad-gilobriv doneze gadawyvetilebis miReba ki SeuZlebeli iyo.

`magaliTad, antidiskriminaciul kanonze aravin Tqvas, rom aravis ar dauZalebia. rogorc Cem dros iyo da cekadan modi-oda miTiTeba, axlac zustad ase iyo. movidoda maSinac gankar-guleba, cota xani ilaparakebdnen da mere miiRebdnen mainc im kanons. arc is Tqvas vinmem, rom parlamentSi xalxi ijda da ar icoda, ras awerda xels; sxva gamosavali ar hqondaT ubralod. magram isic mniSvnelovania vicodeT, rom iZuleba ki araa es, ubralod wesia aseTi. is geubneba, rom, Tu amas, amas, amas ar gaakeTeb, es xels SegiSlis raRac miRwevebSi. roca awerdi am asocirebas xels, xom icodi Sen, mTavroba rom xar, raze iyo laparaki?!~ (mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

miuxedavad imisa, rom antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miReba evrokavSiris mxridan Tavsmoxveulad aRiqmeba, monawileebi mi-iCneven, rom evrokavSiri iZulebas, muqaras ar mimarTavs, gan-sxvavebiT ruseTisgan, romlic ara mxolod muqaras iyenebs, aramed samxedro Zalis demonstrirebasac ar erideba. swored amiTaa evrokavSiris standartebis danergva qveynisTvis gansa-kuTrebiT mimzidveli, radgan ruseTis `militaristuli Zalau-flebisgan~ gansxvavebiT, evrokavSiri araZalismier, `normatul Zalauflebas~ aniWebs upiratesobas da sxvebs misi standartebis danergvis sasurvelobaSi arwmunebs. Tumca, iqve xazgasmulia, rom saqarTvelos mosaxleoba Sedegs maleve elodeba da nakleb acnobierebs im garemoebas, rom standartebis danergva grZel-vadian Sedegebze ufroa orientirebuli, vidre moklevadianze.

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`ara mgonia, muqara iyos. erTi muqara (ruseTi) gvaqvs da isev muqaras xom ar avirCevT? ara, Cven gvinda da amitomac vas-rulebT raRaceebs da Cven TviTonve muqaris gareSe vakeTebT arCevans~ (mdedr., 26-40, zugdidi).

`mTavrobebi icvlebian da Cven gvinda, rom meore dResve Cveni cxovreba Seicvalos. aseve gvegona asocirebis xelSek-rulebis SemTxvevaSic... gvegona, rogorc ki asocirebis xelSekruleba gavaformeT, meore dRidanve evrokavSiris qveynebSi kari gagvexsneboda, SevidodiT uproblemod~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

amdenad, erTi mniSvnelovani detali ikveTeba evrokavSiris da ruseTis miTiTebebs Soris sxvaobis saCveneblad: marTa-lia, antidiskriminaciuli kanonis misaRebad garkveuli ze-wola moxda politikur agentebze, magram rTulia, es calsaxa iZulebad Sefasdes, radgan ufro im TamaSis wesebis aRiarebaa, romelsac evrokavSiri im qveynebs sTavazobs, romelTac ev-ropeizaciis procesis warmatebiT gavla surT. iZuleba, ze-wola SesaZloa ukavSirdebodes drois konkretul monakveTSi raime standartis damkvidreba-ardamkvidrebas, magram ZiriTad principebTan dakavSirebiT, romelsac evrokavSiri potenciur wevrebs sTavazobs, Tanxmoba miRweulia.

morigi diskursis Tanaxmad, romlis msgavsi eqspertTa da politikosTa kvlevis drosac gamoikveTa, xelisufleba konkre-tuli standartis sasargeblod iRebs gadawyvetilebas da Sem-deg sazogadoebis darwmunebas iwyebs, rom es evrokavSiris moTxovnaa. diskusantebi problemas xedaven xelisuflebis amgvar taqtikaSi, radgan is bevr arapopularul gadawyvetile-bas, rasac mosaxleobis ukmayofileba SeiZleba moyves, uSualod evrokavSirs da asocirebis xelSekrulebiT gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnebs abralebs. rogorc eqspertTa interviuebidanac gamovlinda, yvela arapopularuli gadawyvetilebis miRe-ba asocirebis xelSekrulebiT nakisri valdebulebiT rodia gamowveuli. Tumca, politikuri aqtorebi SedarebiT martiv gzas irCeven da sazogadoebisTvis konkretuli gadawyvetilebis miRebis aucileblobis axsnis nacvlad, yvelafers evrokavSirs abraleben. maT yuradRebis miRma rCebaT is faqti, rom es taq-

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tika evrointegraciis procesis legitimacias zians ayenebs da evrokavSirisadmi skeptikurad ganwyobilTa raodenobas zrdis. politikosTa es strategia calsaxad negatiuradaa Sefasebuli. procesebSi ukeT garkvevisTvis respondentebi mniSvnelovnad miiCneven politikosebis mier mosaxleobis informirebas evro-kavSiris standartebis Sesaxeb.

`glexs unda auxsna, rom Sen ki giZvirdeba produqti, magram giZvirdeba imitom, rom Sen am gaZvirebul produqcias reali-zebas gaukeTeb evropaSi da Tu Soulobdi 5 lars, axla iSovi 10 lars. ki dagijdeba es raRac xarjebi, Sens produqcias rom gauke-To maRali standartizacia, iq etiketebi daubeWdo da a.S. magram Sen es realurad gixsnis evropisaken gzas. es unda auxsna da ara is, rom gaZvirda produqcia da morCa~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

morigi saintereso mosazrebis Tanaxmad, standartebis danergva did winaaRmdegobebTanaa dakavSirebuli, magram es aucilebelia, raTa sazogadoeba etapobrivad mainc SeeCvios Se-sabamisi normebiT xelmZRvanelobas. am winaaRmdegobebma swored socialuri pasuxismgeblobis ganviTarebas unda ubiZgos, ris aucileblobasac respondentebma araerTxel gausves xazi.

ùnda iyos CvenTanac ase. iqneba didi ambebi, roca xuTjer gamowurul yurZens ar miiRebs is evropa da moabrunebs. magram ara uSavs, es gvaiZulebs, rom viyoT ukeTesebi da bolosdabo-los, aviRoT pasuxismgeblobebi~ (mdedr., 41-65, zugdidi).

evrokavSiris standartebis danergvis mimarT meti Riao-biT, rogorc mosalodneli iyo, axalgazrdebi gamoirCevian; ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba ki, Zvel reJimSi cxovrebis gamoc-dilebiT, eWviT uyurebs maTi danergvis ùangarobas~ da miaC-nia, rom es swored evrokavSiris pirad sargebels emsaxureba. ufro metic, gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom zemoxsenebuli stand-artebis danergva evrokavSirs sWirdeba da ara saqarTvelos.

miuxedavad warmodgenili narativebis mravalferovnebisa, rogorc eqspertTa da politikosTa, aseve mosaxleobis domi-nanturi diskursis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi nakleb aqvs adgili èvropeizacias evrokavSiris gareSe~, aramed saqme gvaqvs ev-rokavSiris mxridan wayenebul pirobiTobasTan, romelic, rig

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SemTxvevaSi, TviTpirobiTobis saxes iZens. xazgasmulia, rom evrokavSiris mxridan adgili ara aqvs iZulebas, aramed misi moTxovnebis Sesruleba mniSnelovania Tavad saqarTvelosT-vis, radgan es qveynis standartebis evropulTan daaxloebis sawindaria. es ki, Tavis mxriv, aucilebeli pirobaa imisTvis, rom saqarTvelom Sesabamisi jildo miiRos, rac grZelvadian perspeqtivaSi evrokavSirSi gawevrianebas ukavSirdeba.

savaWro urTierTobebi evrokavSirTan da saqarTveloze maTi gavlena

saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris asocirebis xelSek-rulebis erT-erT Semadgenel nawils Rrma da yovlismomcve-li savaWro sivrcis Sesaxeb xelSekruleba (DCFTA) warmoad-gens, romelic saqarTvelosa da evrokavSiris qveynebs Soris gamartivebuli vaWrobis SesaZleblobas iZleva. aRniSnuli xelSekruleba ara mxolod kerZo seqtorsa da soflis meur-neobaSi CarTuli subieqtebis yuradRebas iqcevs, aramed mo-saxleobis sxva segmentebisTvisac interesis sagania. amis kargi ilustraciaa 2015 wlis erovnuli kvlevis Sedegebi, sadac SekiTxvaze, Tu saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobis farg-lebSi, ra sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT isurvebdnen meti infor-maciis miRebas, mosaxleobis umravlesobam savaWro urTier-Tobebi daasaxela (CRRC, 2015). swored amitom, mosaxleobasTan fokus jgufebis dros, savaWro urTierTobebsa da maTi ganvi-Tarebis perspeqtivazec gamaxvilda yuradReba.

respondentTa yvela asakobriv kategoriaSi evrokavSirTan savaWro xelSekrulebis arseboba dadebiTad Sefasda; Tumca is, Tu ramdenad SeZlebs saqarTvelo aRniSnuli xelSekrulebis farglebSi sargeblis miRebas, respondentebisTvis erTmniS-vnelovnad naTeli ar aris: maTi nawili miiCnevs, rom saqarTvelo jerjerobiT ar aris mzad, evrokavSiris mier moTxovnili stan-dartebi daakmayofiliyos, rac evropis qveynebTan vaWrobis wina-pirobaa. respondentebs aqvT informacia imis Sesaxeb, rom, Tuki qarTuli produqtis gatanas moisurveben evrokavSiris qveynebSi, maT mouwevT sxvadasxva standartis dakmayofileba rogorc war-

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moebis procesis, ise SefuTvisa Tu fasis dawesebis kuTxiT. maTi gancxadebiT, aRniSnuli standartebis mqone warmoebis awyoba sak-maod rTuli procesia, radgan did finansur resurss saWiroebs.

`evropasTan varT gamowvevis winaSe, daakmayofilebs Tu ara maT standartebs qarTuli bazari. Cven ar gvaqvs resursi ger-maniis romelime qarxanas gavuwioT konkurencia~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`Cveni vaSli sazRvargareT rom gavides, wamali unda iyos xarisxiani. Cven ki iafiani da uxarisxo Semogvaqvs, riTic im xarisxis vaSls ver miiReb, rom iq gaitano~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

mosaxleobis azriT, qarTuli produqciis konkurentu-narianobis gazrdisa da Tavisufali savaWro sivrcis xelSek-rulebidan maqsimaluri sargeblis miRebis mizniT, qarTuli produqciis ara mxolod xarisxi unda gaizardos, aramed sx-vadasxva saerTaSoriso standartisa da sertificirebis siste-mis, magaliTad, ISO standartebis danergva unda moxdes.

`isea gajerebuli evropis bazari, rom boTlis Casadgmeli adgili ar aris. rogorme unda davakmayofiloT is moTxovnebi, gvqondes ISO sertifikati, rom raRac Cvenc gavitanoT evropis bazarze~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

respondentebis nawili flobs informacias ara mxolod sx-vadasxva standartis, aramd produqciis tipis mixedviT gansaz-Rvruli kvotebis da fasebis specifikis Sesaxebac; kerZod, ra raodenobis produqciis Setanaa nebadarTuli asocirebis xelSekrulebis farglebSi da ra fasebia aRniSnul produqci-aze. rac Seexeba im produqcias, romelic, monawileTa azriT, SesaZlebelia evrokavSiris bazarze gavides, esenia: Rvino, xili, borjomi, CurCxela, Txili, marganeci, qvanaxSiri da sxv.

Rvinis Setana SegviZlia evrokavSirSi, magram kvota gvaqvs, Tu meti Seitane, antidempinguri kanoni moqmedebs, romlis mixedviTac, im fasSi unda gayido, rac iq aqvT da vin iyidis Sen Rvinos? fass aqvs ukve mniSvneloba. Zviri iqneba da aravin icnobs. gacnobas uzarmazari reklama sWirdeba. Rvino vis rad unda iq?~ (mamr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

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rogorc zemoT moyvanili citatidan Cans, produqciis mar-ketinguli SefuTva da brendingi kidev erTi mniSvnelovani winapirobaa qarTuli produqciis konkurentunarianobis gaz-rdisTvis. diskusantebis TqmiT, qarTuli produqciis evropis bazarze gasayidad, pirvel rigSi, misi imgvari reklamirebaa saWiro, rom ukve arsebul mwarmoeblebs gauwios konkurencia.

`reklama aucilebelia evropis bazarze _ kargi SefuTva, kar-gad miwodeba, menejmentis kargad gaTvla~ (mamr., 26-40, quTaisi).

`qarTul produqcias Zalian gauWirdeba evrokavSiris qveynebSi bazris aTviseba imitom, rom es is bazaria, romelzec saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi aris brendebi, romlebic iyideba. iq Sexvide axali, patara qveynidan da iseTi produqcia Seitano, iseTi xarisxis, Zalian gauWirdeba. ramdeni produqti gvaqvs _ gaziani wyali, Rvino, Tafli. qarTuli mandarini evropas ar sWirdeba; imitom ar sWirdeba, rom mTavari distribucia Se-mosdis, me rogorc vici, marokodan~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

fokus jgufebidan vlindeba, rom mosaxleoba miesalmeba ev-rokavSiris maRali standartebis danergvas, ramac xeli unda Seuwyos ekologiurad sufTa produqciis warmoebas, da am procesSi mniSvnelovnad miiCnevs rogorc xelisuflebis, ise mosaxleobis survilsa da rols.

`ra Tqma unda, mosaxleobis mxridanac unda iyos survili da xelisuflebamac xeli unda Seuwyos, rom Seiqmnas biologi-urad, ekologiurad da yvelafriT sufTa garemoSi moyvanili produqcia, romelzec maRali moTxovna iqneba, da ruseTis ba-zarTan SedarebiTac, iq Rirebuleba ufro maRali iqneba~ (md-edr., 18-25, Telavi).

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom msgavsi xarisxi da reklamireba `ubralo glexisTvis Zviri siamovnebaa“, diskusantTa erTma jgufma aRniSna, rom xelisufleba aqtiurad unda CaerTos am procesSi da waaxalisos pozitiuri cvlilebebi. aRsaniSnavia, rom xazi gaesva uSualod evrokavSiris rolsac aRniSnul pro-cesSi, gansakuTrebiT im teqnikur daxmarebas, romelsac evro-kavSiri saqarTvelos uwevs.

evrokavSirTan savaWro urTierTobebis perspeqtivaze saubari

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ruseTTan savaWro urTierTobebis ganxilvis paralelurad mim-dinareobda. pirvel rigSi, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, evrokavSir-Tan vaWroba aRiqmeba, rogorc produqciis xarisxis gaumjobe-sebis wamaxalisebeli faqtori, rasac adgili ar hqonda ruseT-Tan vaWrobis SemTxvevaSi, radgan ruseTSi produqciis eqsporti-sas ar moqmedebda xarisxis standartis msgavsi moTxovnebi.

sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi aq gadioda TiTqmis yvelaferi, ar iyo warmoebuli produqciis Semowmeba da pirdapir midio-da ruseTSi. kargi iyo Tu cudi iyo, mas Rebulobdnen~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`daixveweba produqcia. rac ruseTSi gagvqonda, Tundac Rvino, Zalian dabali xarisxis iyo; rac evropaSi gagvaqvs, sagrZnoblad moimata xarisxma~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

evropuli da rusuli bazris Sedarebisas, xarisxis garda, kidev erTi ganmasxvavebeli faqtori stabilurobaa. respon-dentTa azriT, rusuli bazari, evropul bazarTan SedarebiT, arastabiluria, rac saqarTvelo-ruseTis politikuri urT-ierTobebis arastabilurobidan gamomdinareobs. aRniSnulis magaliTad respondentTa nawilma 2006 wlis embargoc gaixsena.

`Tu ruseTTan istorias gavixsenebT, gvqonda arastabi-luri savaWo urTierToba. roca undodaT, dagviblokavdnen. evrokavSirTan gveqneba stabiluri; winaswar gvecodineba, ra unda gavakeToT~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

rogorc warmodgenili citatebidan Cans, ruseTis bazari, evropis bazrisgan gansxvavebiT, ar moiTxovda maRali xarisx-is produqcias. wlebis ganmavlobaSi, savaWro urTierTo-bebis arsebobis Sedegad, qarTveli glexisTvis msgavsi tipis urTierToba Camoyalibda normatul molodinad. Sesabamisad, rodesac evropis bazari mas sxvadasxva standartis dakmayo-filebas da am gziT produqciis gaumjobesebas sTxovs, am Ses-aZleblobis gamoyenebis nacvlad, qarTveli glexobis nawili iol gzas mimarTavs da kvlav kargad nacnob rusul bazars amjobinebs, miuxedavad imisa, rom acnobierebs mis arastabi-lurobas. swored amiT aixsneba, Tu ratom SeiZleba qarTveli glexisTvis ufro martivi da amitom ufro sasurvelic iyos,

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rusul bazarze darCes da, imavdroulad, undoblobis grZnoba gauCndes evropul bazarTan mimarTebaSi, romelsac jer ar ic-nobs da SiSobs, rom Semosavlis wyaros dakargavs.

`xalxisTvis ruseTis bazari ufro prioritetulia, ukve aTvisebulia; is [evropuli bazari] asaTvisebelia da gzebia mosaZebni~ (mamr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

`Cven, ra Tqma unda, tradiciulad miCveulebi varT, ru-sul bazarze varT yovelTvis damokidebuli da es [evropuli bazari] CvenTvis namdvilad ucxo xilia da namdvilad ar vic-iT, rusul bazarze didia Tu ara evropis bazari; ramdenad warmatebiT gaiyideba Cveni produqti, esec ar viciT; amitom unda davelodoT procesebs~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

fokus jgufebis monawileTa TqmiT, swored rusuli bazris Ta-viseburebebis codna, misi teritoriuli siaxlove da, imavdrou-lad, evropuli bazris Sesaxeb informaciis nakleboba gansaz-Rvravs rusuli bazris upiratesobas qarTveli glexisTvis.

`glexs rusuli bazari ufro awyobs; aqvea, gadava TviTon, ufro iafi daujdeba, vidre evropaSi ramis waReba; Tan TviTon iq amas ver gaakeTebs; ena ar icis, uamravi dokumentia mosamza-debeli~ (mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

zemoTqmuli cxadyofs, rom qarTveli glexisTvis rusul da evropul bazars Soris arCevanis gakeTeba mxolod SegrZnebebisa da intuiciis doneze xdeba da ara raime ekonomikuri Tu finans-uri maCveneblis safuZvelze. erTi mxriv, mosaxleoba acnobierebs rusuli bazris arastabilurobis safrTxeebs, Tumca, meore mxriv, iqidan gamomdinare, rom sakmaris informacias da gamocdilebas ar flobs evropul bazarze vaWrobis TvalsazrisiT, mainc si-frTxiliT ekideba evropul da rusul bazars Soris arCevans. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mosaxleoba qarTuli bazris diversifici-rebis da evrokavSirTan savaWro urTierTobebis gaRrmavebis momxrea; Tumca, imavdroulad, ar surs ruseTTan savaWro urT-ierTobebis Sewyveta. mosaxleobis azriT, swori diplomatiuri politikis warmoebis SemTxvevaSi, SesaZlebeli iqneba politikuri da ekonomikuri sakiTxebis gamijvna, rac saSualebas miscems saqa-rTvelos, erTi mxriv, evrokavSirisken politikuri da ekonomi-

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kuri svla ganagrZos, meore mxriv ki, ruseTTan is ekonomikuri da savaWro urTierTobebi SeinarCunos, romlebic didi xania ar-sebobs. radgan respondentebs molodini aqvT, rom saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan asocireba ruseTTan ekonomikur urTierTobebs gaarTulebs, yvelaze did mniSvnelobas swored am ori aspeqtis _ politikuris da ekonomikuris _ gamijvnas da saqarTvelos xe-lisuflebis mxridan swori politikis warmarTvas aniWeben.

`Tu Cveni saxelmwifo swor politikas warmarTavs, [rusu-li bazari] ar daiketeba. ruseTTanac kargi urTierToba unda daalagos. davijero, safrangeTs da ruseTs ar aqvT savaWro urTierToba? xom aqvT maT garkveuli savaWro urTierTobe-bi? swori politikis gansazRvrazea damokidebuli, daiketeba Tu ara ruseTis bazari~ (mamr., 18-25, gori).

msgavsi tipis diplomatiur politikaze saubrisas, re-spondentebs wina xelisuflebis magaliTic moaqvT, romelic, erTi mxriv, Sida da gare scenaze, ruseTTan urTierTobebis Sewyvetaze saubrobda; Tumca, meore mxriv, savaWro urTier-Tobebi, Tundac energetikis dargSi, kvlav warmoebda.

`evrokavSiri iqneba TavisTvis, xelSekrulebis xelmowera ru-seTTan problemas ver Segviqmnis savaWro urTierTobebSi. politi-ka sxva aris da vaWroba sxva aris. wina mTavrobas xom sul Cxubi hqon-da da investiciebi mainc Semodioda. Telasi maSin mihyides ruseTs, mTeli deni da gazi mihyides ruseTs. aqedan daskvna, arafer SuaSia evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelmowera~ (mamr., 41-65, gori).

saboloo jamSi, msgavsi diplomatiuri svlebis Sedegad, fokus jgufis monawileebi qarTuli eqsportisTvis bazris diversifika-ciis imeds gamoTqvamen da miaCniaT, rom, rogori momgebianic ar unda iyos evrokavSirTan savaWro urTierToba, ruseTi, rogorc alternatiuli savaWro partniori, kvlavac unda SenarCundes.

`gaitan saqarTvelodan, magaliTad, Rvinos, xils da glex-sac meti stimuli eqneba. rac mets gayidis, miT met Semosavals naxavs. magram es imas ar niSnavs, rom marto evrokavSiri avir-CioT da ruseTi gadavikidoT; unda davabalansoT urTierTo-ba~ (mdedr., 18-25, zugdidi).

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evrointegraciiT da evropeizaciiT dainteresebuli da misi mowinaaRmdege socialuri institutebi da aqtorebi

momxre da mowinaaRmdege jgufebi saqarTvelos mosaxleobaSi

saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba fokus jgufebis monawileebisTvis, pirvel rigSi, socialur-ekonomikur ke-Til dReobasTan da saqarTvelos, rogorc demokratiuli da stabiluri saxelmwifos, ganviTarebasTan asocirdeba. aqedan gamomdinare, evrointegraciiT dainteresebuli socialuri aqtorebis ganxilvisas, yvelaze metad dainteresebul mxared saqarTvelos mosaxleoba dasaxelda, radgan qveynis ganviTa-reba, pirvel rigSi, swored misTvis iqneba keTildReobis mom-tani.

`me mgoni, saqarTveloSi ar aris adamiani, vis interesebSic ar unda Sediodes evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba. yvelaze metad ubralo xalxis interesebSi unda Sediodes, rom gamoswordes ekonomikuri da socialuri mdgomareoba~ (mdedr., 18-25, ba-Tumi).

`visac unda winsvla, visac unda ganviTareba Tavisi Tavis, ojaxis da, zogadad, mosaxleobis keTildReoba...~ (mamr., 18-25, baTumi).

aRsaniSnavia, rom mocemuli tendencia eqspertebTan in-terviuebis drosac gamoikveTa, Tumca gansxvaveba isaa, rom eqspertebi saubroben sazogadoebaze, rogorc erT mTlianze, da iSviaTad gamoyofdnen mis romelime konkretul segments. mosaxleobasTan Catarebuli fokus jgufebis dros ki, marTa-lia, beneficiarad yvela rigiTi moqalaqe dasaxelda, magram sazogadoebis is segmentebic gamoiyo, vinc evrointegraciiT yvelaze metad dainteresebulia. diskusantTa azriT, esenia: 1) axalgazrdebi; 2) adamianebi, romlebic erTxel mainc yofilan evrokavSiris wevr qveyanaSi da Tavad unaxavT misi sikeTeebi; 3) adamianebi, romlebic garkveul socialur usamarTlobas gan-icdian; maT Soris, marginalizebuli jgufebi, gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri da religiuri umciresobebi.

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saSualo da ufrosi asakis mosaxleoba sagangebod Seexo ev-rokavSirSi gawevrianebis sakiTxiT axalgazrdebis dainterese-bas. amis umTavres mizezad is privilegiebi daasaxeles, rac Tan axlavs evrokavSirTan uvizo reJimis damyarebas da mimosvlis gamartivebul procedurebs, rac axalgazrdebs sazRvargareT ganaTlebis miRebis met SesaZleblobas aZlevs.

`ufro komfortia, winsvlaa, uvizo reJimis dapirebaa, Ta-visuflebis idea izidavT; ganaTlebis miReba, bevri midis sas-wavleblad. axla aris xelisSemSleli mizezebi. Tu gavwevrian-debiT, aRar iqneba es xelisSemSleli mizezebi~ (mdedr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

meore jgufi, romelic evrointegraciiT dainterese-bul segmentadaa miCneuli, sazogadoebis im nawils moicavs, romelsac Tavad aqvs evrokavSiris qveynebis Tundac mcirex-niani stumrobis gamocdileba da sxvebze ukeT icis, Tu ra sikeTe moaqvs evrokavSiris wevrobas.

`am wuTSi yvelaze metad evrokavSirSi Sesvla im xalxis in-teresebSia, romlebmac ician, ra aris evrokavSiri, romlebmac naxes evrokavSiri...~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

rogorc eqspertebTan interviuebis, ise mosaxleobasTan fokus jgufebis dros, uvizo mimosvlis SesaZlebloba evro-kavSiris Sesaxeb informirebulobis gazrdis erT-erT sauke-Teso saSualebad dasaxelda. amasTan, xazi gaesva sul ufro meti adamianis mier evropis qveynebis stumrobis mniSvnelobas, iqneba es turizmis, saganmanaTleblo programebSi monawileo-bisa Tu biznesis saukeTeso praqtikis gaziarebis mizniT. am mxriv, sagulisxmoa saqarTvelos masStabiT arsebuli mdgo-mareoba: 2009-2015 wlebSi Catarebuli erovnuli kvlevis Sede-gebi cxadyofs, rom evrokavSiris wevri qveynebis monaxulebis sixSire Zalian dabalia, kerZod, saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mx-olod 3%-s hqonda SesaZlebloba, ecxovra evrokavSirSi mini-mum sami Tvis manZilze, 1993 wlidan dRemde; xolo mogzau-robis zogadi maCvenebeli, 1993 wlidan 2015 wlamde, mxolod 9%-ia rogorc respondentebisTvis, ise maTi ojaxis wevrebi-sTvis (Eurasia Partnership Foundation, 2015, 9). informirebulo-

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bis cvladebis analizi cxadyofs, rom evrokavSiris qveynebis monaxulebis aseTi dabali maCvenebeli mosaxleobaSi evro-kavSiris Sesaxeb sando informaciis naklebobasTan (Sedegad, mTeli rigi miTebis gavrcelebasTan) maRal korelaciaSia. ev-rokavSiris qveynis stumrobasa da informirebulobis dones Soris pozitiuri kavSiri eqspertebTan interviuebis drosac gamovlinda. eqpertebis azriT, evrokavSiris qveynebis viziti saukeTeso saSualebaa miTebis gasaneitraleblad da mosaxleo-baSi proevropuli ganwyobis asamaRleblad. es ukanaskneli ki, Tavis mxriv, erT-erT umniSvnelovanes faqtorad aris miCneu-li qveynis evropeizaciis procesSi. balkaneTis da, zogadad, aRmosavleT evropis qveynebis magaliTebidan naTlad Cans, rom evrokavSiris mimarT mosaxleobaSi Sesabamisi ganwyobebis Seqm-na da SenarCuneba qveyanaSi evropeizaciis procesis warmatebiT ganxorcielebis sawindaria. magaliTad, dasavleT balkaneTSi mosaxleobis ganwyoba evropeizaciis biZgis mimcemi umTavresi faqtori aRmoCnda (Pickering, 2011).

evrointegraciiT dainteresebul kidev erT jgufad is adamianebi dasaxeldnen, visTvisac evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba socialuri samarTlianobis aRdgenasTan asocirdeba. samar-Tlianobis aRdgenaSi sazogadoebis sxvadasxva fenisTvis Tu marginalizebuli jgufisTvis Tanabari SesaZleblobebis mini-Weba, agreTve nepotizmisa da korufciis aRmofxvra igulisx-meba. rogorc ramdenime respondentma ganacxada, saqarTveloSi kvlav problemad rCeba nepotizmi da kriminalur samyarosTan (e.w. `kanonier qurdebTan~) kavSirebiT sargebloba, rac evro-integraciis Sedegad unda aRmoifxvras, radgan evrokavSiris amosavali principebi kanoniereba, Tanasworuflebianoba da profesionalizmia.

`im adamians, romelmac ganaTleba miiRo da dRes umuSe-varia, unda [evrointegracia]. magram im mSoblebs, visac ar ain-teresebdaT, maTi Svili iswavlida Tu ara, radgan mere univer-sitetSi pirdapir dasvamdnen, ar undaT~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

`[evrointegracia] im adamianebs [surT], visac sakuTari Ta-vis imedi aqvT, Tavisi Sromis, unaris imedi aqvT. vinc Tavisi profesionalizmiT, SromismoyvareobiT da kanonierebiT mi-

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iRebs Sedegs. aq am Tvisebebis adamiani ustatusoa da arc erT fenas ar ekuTvnis. aq unda iyo ‘qurdi’, ekuTvnode Sav samyaros~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

aqve aRiniSna sxvadasxva saxis umciresobis, gansakuTrebiT seqsualuri da religiuri umciresobebis, daintereseba evro-integraciis procesiT. kerZod, antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miRebis konteqstSi, xazi gaesva seqsualuri umciresobebis mier mopovebul uflebebs. amasTan, saSualo da ufrosi asa-kis mosaxleobam zugdidSi isaubra religiur umciresobebze, gansakuTrebiT iehovas mowmeebze, romelTac devnis SiSi aRar eqnebaT. mocemul sakiTxs mxolod zugdidSi Seexnen, amdenad, am regionisTvis specifikuria.

`isini elodebian, rom amiT [evrokavSirSi gawevrianebiT] meti ufleba eqnebaT. igive ieRovelebi, Tu adre ase Tamamad ver dadiodnen, axla piriqiTaa~ (mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

fokus jgufebis Sedegad, mosaxleobis im nawilis maxasi-aTeblebic gamovlinda, romlebic evrointegraciis da evro-peizaciis mowinaaRmdegeni arian. gamoiTqva mosazreba, rom yvelaze metad evrointegracia mosaxleobis im nawils ar surs, romelsac hgonia, rom evropaSi SesvliT qarTuli identoba, erovnuloba da tradiciebi daikargeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom ev-rokavSiris mowinaaRmdegeebad respondentebi, rogorc wesi, sxva adamianebs asaxeleben, romelTagan sakuTari Tavis distan-cirebas axdenen. Tumca, diskusiaSi CaRrmavebisas, TvalsaCino xdeba maTi piradi mosazrebebic evrointegraciis `uaryofiT SedegebTan~, gansakuTrebiT qarTuli tradiciebis dakargvis safrTxesTan dakavSirebiT.

`hgoniaT ratomRac, rom evropaSi rom SevalT, Cven tradiciebs daviviwyebT, mTlianad gadaverTvebiT imaTze, davkargavT qarTvelobas, ase hgonia Zalian bevrs~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

amgvari xedvis nimuSi Tavad fokus jgufebSic gamovlinda, roca ramdenime monawilem Sedarebac ki gaakeTa evropas, ro-gorc `faseulobebis damkargavsa~ da ruseTs, rogorc faseu-lobebis damcvels Soris.

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`evropa aris faseulobebis damkargavi da ruseTi aris adaT-faseulobebis Semnaxavi~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

yvela asakobrivi kategoriis respondentebi Tvlian, rom evropeizacias yvelaze metad asakovani adamianebi, pensionrebi ewinaaRmdegebian, romlebic, erT-erTi respondentis sityve-biT, `35 maneTad dadiodnen moskovSi~ (mamr., 18-25, gori). ro-gorc diskusantebma aRniSnes, es SesaZloa im garemoebiT iyos gamowveuli, rom asakovan mosaxleobas socializacia sabWoTa kavSiris periodSi aqvs gavlili da axalgazrdobis sentiment-ebi swored ruseTTan akavSirebs.

`es xalxi imitom ki araa evropis winaaRmdegi, rom ar unda; ubralod, am xalxs axalgazrdoba aqvs im dros gamovlili da am marwuxebidanac ver Tavisufldeba srulad~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

`pensionerma gana ar icis, ra da rogor sjobs, ubralod, maT sxva sociumSi icxovres. axalgazrdoba gaatares sxva gare-moSi, bednieri dReeebi ukavSirdeba axalgazrdobas da ami-tomac arian mowinaaRmdege [evrointegraciis]~ (mdedr., 41-65 zugdidi).

evrointegraciis erT-erT mowinaaRmdege jgufad, aseve, saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesia da misi mrevlis is nawili dasaxelda, romelic eqstremizmiT gamoirCeva. rogorc eklesiis Sesaxeb qveTavSi aris naTqvami, respondentebis mier gaJRerebuli ZiriTadi diskursis Tanaxmad, miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelos sapatriarqo oficialur qadagebebSi evroin-tegracias pirdapir ar ewinaaRmdegeba, arsebobs evropeizaci-asTan asocirebuli araerTi sakiTxi, romelic misi kritikis sagani xdeba. magaliTad, aseT sakiTxebad dasaxelda piradobis damadasturebeli axali baraTebi, qaliSvilobis instituti, qalTa SromiTi migracia da sxv. respondentebis azriT, da-pirispireba imitom xdeba, rom eklesias eSinia evropeizaciis fonze qarTuli Rirebulebebis dakargvis, Sesabamisad, cdi-lobs, am process aRudges.

amgvarad, sazogadoebrivi diskursis ganxilvisas, saqarT-velos mosaxleobidan evropeizaciis momxre mTavar segmentad

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axalgazrda da swavlaze/ganviTarebaze orientirebuli Tao-ba dasaxelda, xolo ZiriTad mowinaaRmdeged, umetesad, asa-kovani adamianebi da mosaxleobis is nawili, visac eSinia, rom evropeizacia qarTuli kulturisa da tradiciebis dakargvis sawindari iqneba.

evropeizaciiT dainteresebuli sxva socialuri aqtorebi

respondentebma qveynis evropeizaciiT dainteresebuli sxva socialuri aqtorebic daasaxeles: biznes seqtori, arasamTav-robo seqtori da media. aRsaniSnavia, rom eqspertuli inter-viuebis drosac biznes seqtori dasaxelda erT-erT mTavar aqtorad, romelic yvelaze met sargebels miiRebs saqarT-velos evropeizaciiT. rac Seexeba arasamTavrobo seqtorsa da medias, am SemTxvevaSi yuradReba gamaxvilda evropeizaciis iseT Sedegebze, rogoricaa demokratiuli struqturebisa da praqtikebis ganviTareba da sityvis Tavisufleba, rac am orive aqtorisTvis saqmianobis gamartivebas gulisxmobs.

momxre da mowinaaRmdege politikuri aqtorebi

diskusantebma yuradReba gaamaxviles ara marto mosaxle-obis, aramed politikuri aqtorebis damokidebulebazec ev-ropeizaciis mimarT. am konteqstSi respondentebi, zogadad, saxelmwifoze saubrobdnen, Tumca, ZiriTadad, or politikur partias gulisxmobdnen _ `qarTul ocnebas~ da `erTian nacio-nalur moZraobas.~ maTi Sexedulebebi orad gaimijna: samive asakobriv kategoriaSi, respondentTa erTi jgufi pirvel par-tias, xolo meore jgufi _ meore partias miiCnevda metad pro-evropul Zalad. aRniSnulis magaliTad SegviZlia ganvixiloT Tundac Semdegi ori citata, TelavSi, 18-25 wlis monawilee-bTan Catarebuli fokus jgufidan.

`pirvel rigSi, ,nacionaluri moZraobis’ partiam ganaviTara evropisken mimavali gza. iqamdec gvqonda evropisken swrafva, magram evrokavSirze, uvizo mimosvlaze rom visaubroT, imaT

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mTavrobaSi yofnis dros Caeyara am yvelafers safuZveli~ (md-edr., 18-25, Telavi).

`realurad, axla ,qarTul ocnebas’ ufro unda, rom Sevi-des evrokavSirSi da ,nacionalebs’ ar undaT imitom, rom mere Tqvan, rom Cven win viyaviT da Tqven veRar ganagrZeT es gza. am SemTxvevaSi, Semaferxebel Zalad aRviqvam ,nacionalebs’, si-marTle giTxraT~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

rogorc zemoT moyvanili magaliTidan Cans, fokus jgufebis Sedegad ori ZiriTadi diskursi gamovlinda: erTi èrTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~, xolo meore _ `qarTuli ocnebis~ proevropulobas usvams xazs. momdevno abzacebSi detalurad ganxilulia orive diskursi.

èrTiani nacionaluri moZraobis~, rogorc evropeizaciis momxre politikuri aqtoris ganxilvisas, fokus jgufebis monawileTa didi nawili xazs usvams im aqtiur prodasavlur kampanias, rasac maTi mmarTvelobis pirobebSi hqonda adgili; dRes ki, maTi sityvebiT, sakmaod iSviaTia. Tumca, responden-tebis mcire nawilma isic aRniSna, rom, marTalia, saqarTvelos evrokavSirisken aqtiur svlas èrTiani nacionaluri moZ-raobis~ pirobebSi Caeyara safuZveli, amJamad is opoziciuri partiaa da àwyobs~ evrointegraciis gzaze saqarTvelos Se-ferxeba. es `qarTuli ocnebis~ winaaRmdeg warmatebuli piaris saSualebas miscems, radgan mosaxleobas daanaxebs, rom axalma mTavrobam ver SeZlo evropuli kursis gagrZeleba. amgvari qceva Sefasebulia, rogorc àra prodasavluri.”

`,nacionaluri moZraobis’ warmomadgenlebi amboben, rom prodasavluri partiaa, magram ase ar iqcevian, maTi qceva ar aris prodasavluri~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

diskusantTa meore nawili `qarTul ocnebas~ miiCnevs ev-ropeizaciiT dainteresebul mxared. maTi TqmiT, radgan es procesi qveynis ganviTarebasTan asocirdeba, is qarTul oc-nebas, rogorc xelisuflebaSi myof politikur partias, pozi-tiuri imijis Seqmnasa da mosaxleobis mxardaWeris mopovebaSi Seuwyobs xels. amdenad, orive politikuri Zalis SemTxvevaSi,

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proevropuli sagareo kursi sakuTari politikuri reitingis amaRlebis pragmatuli strategiis nawilad miiCneva.

`es plusi iqneba, Tu qveyana maTi mmarTvelobis dros Seva evrokavSirSi~ (mdedr., 26-40, baTumi).

Tumca, ramdenime monawilem aRniSna, rom `qarTuli ocneba~ ar axdens sakuTari proevropuli kursis sajaro deklarire-bas, rac SesaZloa ruseTTan moqnili diplomatiis taqtikiT iyos nakarnaxevi. maTi azriT, saerTaSoriso sazogadoebisT-vis gankuTvnil scenaze, msgavsi performansi ruseTis `gaRiz-ianebis~ Tavidan acilebis mcdelobis gamoxatulebaa.

`me ar vambob, rom malaven, ubralod, ise ar cxaddeba. Sei-Zleba igive sagareo kursi gvaqvs da es ar Cans, rom ruseTTan neitraluri urTierToba SevinarCunoT. yovel wams ar gaviZa-xiT, rom evropisken mivdivarT, radgan gveSinia agresiis~ (md-edr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

sainteresoa isic, rom saSualo da ufrosi asakis diskus-antebs Soris metad gamoikveTa mosazreba, rom `qarTuli oc-neba~ nakleb proevropuli Zalaa, ris erT-erT indikatoradac xelisuflebis mxridan mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebis kuTxiT arasakmarisi qmedebebi dasaxelda.

`Cemi azriT, ar undaT [evrointegracia] politikosebs _ mmarTvel Zalas. swored amitom ar aris xalxSi ganaTleba. ra Tqma unda, xalxi yvelaze ukeT cnobierdeba mediis mxridan. mTavrobas SeuZlia sul raRac erT TveSi mediis saSualebiT is-eTi ganaTleba mofinos mosaxleobas...~ (mdedr., 26-40, quTaisi).

amJamindeli xelisuflebis naklebi proevropulobis gamo-xatulebad mosaxleobam evropeizaciisTvis saWiro xarjebisa da adamianuri resursebis deficitic daasaxela. maTi TqmiT, xelisufleba am resursebs ar gamoyofs, radgan evrointe-gracias sakmarisad prioritetulad ar miiCnevs. resursebis ukmarisoba ki evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrulebis samo-qmedo gegmis dagvianebiT Sesrulebas iwvevs, rac pirdapir aisaxeba saqarTvelos evropeizaciis tempze.

`SeiZleba undaT kidec evrokavSirSi Sesvla, magram am yvelafers didi Zalisxmeva sWirdeba da Tavs ar iwuxeben, amas bevri ramis daTmoba sWirdeba. am SemTxvevaSi, Cven varT dazaralebulebi~ (mdedr., 26-40, gori).

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evrokavSiri, rogorc saqarTvelos evropeizaciiT dainteresebuli aqtori

saqarTvelos evropeizaciiT dainteresebul saerTaSoriso aqtorad fokus jgufebis monawileebma, gansakuTrebiT axal-gazrdebma, Tavad evrokavSiri daasaxeles. maTi azriT, evroka-vSirisTvis saqarTvelos evropeizacia strategiulad momge-biania, radgan, garkveulwilad, regionze vrceldeba da uSua-lod evrokavSiris moqalaqeebisTvis stabiluri samezoblos Seqmnas moiazrebs. es argumenti erovnuli kvlevis monacemebs exmianeba: mosaxleobis didi nawilis azriT, evrokavSiri araw-evr qveynebSi demokratiis wamaxalisebelia da, am gziT, evro-pasa da mis samezobloSi mSvidobisa da usafrTxoebis wyaroa (CRRC, 2015). mocemuli Sexeduleba evrokavSiris usafrTxoebis strategiasac exmianeba, sadac usafrTxoeba qveynis ganviTa-rebis winapirobad aris miCneuli, xolo usafrTxoebis garan-tad, Tavis mxriv, demokratiis ganviTareba miiCneva (Hughes, 2009). Tuki evrokavSiris mier evropeizebuli, stabiluri sa-mezoblos Seqmna ver moxerxdeba, fokus jgufebis monawileebi SiSoben, rom, rogorc evropis periferiaze myofi qveynebi, ise Tavad evrokavSiris wevri qveynebi dakargaven rwmenas, rom ev-rokavSiri maTi usafrTxoebis garantia.

`rwmenas evropisadmi dakargaven ara marto evropis perif-eriebi, rogoric Cvena varT, aramed TviTon evropis SigniTa qveynebic, romlebsac daucvelobis gancda gauCndebaT, rom evropa ver uzrunvelyofs Tavis kar-midamoSi, ase vTqvaT, stabiluri politikis SenarCunebas. aseTi gardamavali qvey-nebi, rogoric Cven varT, aseve swrafad icvlian kurss~ (mamr., 16-25, quTaisi).

evrokavSiris, rogorc samezoblo qveynebSi demokratiisa da stabilurobis garantis xedva, eqspertebTan interviueb-Sic gamoikveTa. maT aRniSnes, rom evrokavSiri, gafarToebisa da samezoblo politikis SemuSavebiT, sakuTari usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofas cdilobs, radgan evropa Tavs usafrTxod ver igrZnobs, Tu usafrTxo samezoblo ar eyoloba.

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ruseTi, rogorc saqarTvelos evropeizaciis mowinaaRmdege aqtori

respondentTa yvela jgufSi, iseve rogorc eqspertebis SemTxvevaSi, saerTaSoriso aqtorebidan saqarTvelos evro-peizaciis yvelaze did mowinaaRmdeged ruseTi da saqarT-veloSi moqmedi prorusuli Zalebi dasaxelda. aRiniSna, rom ruseTisTvis saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan daaxloeba qveynis gaZlierebasa da rusuli gavlenisgan ganTavisuflebas gu-lismobs. imavdroulad, evrokavSirTan daaxloeba, garkveul-wilad, evroatlantikur aliansTan daaxloebasac moiazrebs, rac erTmniSvnelovnad ewinaaRmdegeba ruseTis interesebs saqarTveloSi da ufro farTo regionSi.

`ruseTTan axlos aris demokratiuli qveyana, romelic Sei-Zleba gaxdes magaliTi sxva qveynebisTvis, igive somxeTisTvis da azerbaijanisTvis, rac ruseTisTvis damRupvelia da evro-pisTvis _ strategiulad momgebiani. amitom aqcentebi mainc amaze ufro unda iyos aRebuli, strategiul mniSvnelobaze, ekonomikur kavSirebze da am kulturul erTianobebze~ (md-edr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`Cven rom evrokavSirSi SevideT, did problemas qmnis ruseTi. ruseTi ar dauSvebs, ar awyobs imitom, rom evrokavSirSi rom Se-valT, Cven raRac damoukideblobas movipovebT da natosTanac SesaZlebelia axlo urTierToba~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

evropasTan daaxloeba _ ruseTis agresiis zrda

rogorc wina qveTavSi aRiniSna, evrointegraciis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan sargeblad ruseTis eqspansiisgan saqa-rTvelos dacva miiCneva. amdenad, gasakviri araa, rom saqarT-velos evrointegraciis mowinaaRmdege mTavar saerTaSoriso aqtorad swored ruseTi moiazreba. saqarTvelos mosaxleo-bis didi nawili ruseTs safrTxed rom miiCnevs, es 2016 wlis martis erovnuli kvlevis Sedegebmac aCvena, kerZod, rig faq-torebs Soris gamokiTxulTa 47% saqarTvelosTvis yvelaze

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did safrTxed swored ruseTs asaxelebs (NDI, CRRC, 2016). fokus jgufebis monawileebs gacnobierebuli aqvT, rom sa-

mezoblo politikis idea ruseTis mier evrokavSiridan momdi-nare safrTxed aRiqmeba, radgan is iWreba sivrceSi, romelsac, tradiciulad, moskovi sakuTari gavlenis sferod moiazrebda (Gower and Timmins, 2009). marTalia, treninis Tanaxmad (2005), rogorc evrokavSiri, aseve ruseTi regionSi stabilurobiT unda iyvnen dainteresebulni, magram realoba cxadyofs, rom moskovi am stabilurobisTvis qmediT nabijebs ar dgams (amis magaliTia saqarTveloSi agvistos omi 2008 wels da ukraina-Si yirimis aneqsia 2014 wels). cxadia, rom Tavad evrokavSir-sa da ruseTs Soris urTierToba is mTavari faqtori iqneba, rac gavlenas moaxdens im qveynebis ganviTarebaze, romelic briuselisa da moskovis interesebis sferoSi eqceva (Trenin, 2005). Tumca, am mimarTulebiT optimizmis safuZveli nakle-bia, radgan, rogorc haukala aRniSnavs, briuseli gavlenas ver axdens ruseTis ganviTarebis procesze da cvlilebis moxde-nis misi yvela mcdeloba marcxiT dasrulda. evrokavSirma ru-seTSi verc erT strategiul mizans ver miaRwia: ruseTi ver gaxda metad demokratiuli, is ar aris stabiluri, korufcia kvlav seriozul problemad rCeba da sxv. amis erT-erT mTavar mizezad ki, moskovsa da briusels Soris arsebuli `Rirebule-biTi gansvla~ miiCneva (Haukkala, 2008).

zemoTqmulis gaTvaliswinebiT, saqarTvelos mosaxleo-baSi arsebobs molodini, rom evropasTan saqarTvelos Semd-gomi daaxloeba ruseTis mxridan mis mimarT agresias gazrdis. swored am mosazrebasTan mimarTebaSi ikveTeba ramdenime mniS-vnelovani diskursi. erT-erTi maTganis Tanaxmad, ukrainis Sem-Txveva veRar ganmeordeba, radgan saqarTvelos mimarT msgavs agresias ukve hqonda adgili 2008 wels da is dRemde grZeldeba.

`Cven is etapi ukve gaviareT, rasac ukraina gadis. rac dasa-kargi iyo, davkargeT. meti raRa unda davkaroT?!“ (mamr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

`2008-Si rac vnaxe, imis Semdeg agresiis gaZliereba raRa unda iyos, ar vici. faqtiurad, meti SeuZlebelia, qveyana gawyvita Suaze~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

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àgresias aqvs ukve adgili. moaqvs moskovs es sazRvrebi da lamisaa centralur magistralamde gadmoinacvlos. arafriT ar ganvsxvavdebiT ukrainisgan, radgan es agresia xdeba Cven-Tanac~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

alternatiuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, agresia kvlavac ga-Zlierdeba da savalalo Sedegebs moitans, radgan evrokavSiri saqarTvelos gamo ruseTTan dapirispirebas ar daiwyebs.

èvrokavSiri Cven gamo ar daupirispirdeba ruseTs. arc erTi Zlieri saxelmwifo ar daupirispirdeba ruseTs~ (md-edr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

èrTi patara saqarTvelosTvis mis (ruseTis) gadamterebas yvela erideba~ (mdedr., 16-25, gori).

mkvlevarTa azriT, saqarTvelos uwevs, evrointegraciis konteqstSi ramdenime mniSvnelovan problemas gaumklavdes, romelTa Sorisaa evro-atlantikuri aqtorebis mxridan sur-vilis arqona, riski aiRon sakuTar Tavze, rodesac Tbiliss moskovTan urTierToba eZabeba. saqarTvelos erovnuli us-afrTxoebisaTvis erT-erT yvelaze aSkara problemas or qveya-nas (saqarTvelo-ruseTi) Soris ZalTa gadanawilebis asimetri-uloba warmoadgens (MacFarlane, 2012). es asimetriuloba gac-nobierebulia mosaxleobis mierac, romelic swored ruseTs aRiqvams evrointegraciis gzaze erT-erT mTavar dabrkolebad. Tumca, masTan dapirispirebisTvis mosaxleobis nawili mzadaa da miiCnevs, rom, marTalia, sjobs diplomatiuri xerxebiT urTierTobebis daregulireba, magram, aucileblobis SemTx-vevaSi, qveyanam agresiasTan gasamklavebac unda SeZlos.

`me mzad var am agresiisTvis. faqtia, rom gaizrdeba es agre-sia~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

aRsaniSnavia, rom fokus jgufebis monawileebi problemas xedaven ruseTis momxreTa raodenobis zrdaSic da amis mTavar mizezad, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, ruseTis mxridan gaZliere-bul propagandasTan erTad, saqarTvelos xelisuflebis arasa-Tanado aqtiurobasac asaxelebs.

`wina xelisufleba evrointegraciasTan dakavSirebiT

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ufro aqtiuri iyo. mixeil saakaSvilis yvela gamosvlaSi iyo es sakiTxebi. es iyo saxelmwifos prioriteti. [amJamad] Cveni premieris mxridan iyo gancxadebebi, rom ruseTi Cveni mteri ar aris. sazogadoeba ukve yoymanobs, mivdivarT evropisken Tu ruseTisken. aseve, ver vxedavT aqtiur nabijebs. konkretuli magaliTia ukraina, gveSinia agresiis da veridebiT am Temas~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

am konteqstSi, saintereso paralelia gavlebuli ruseTsa da dasavleTis gavlenian saxelmwifos, am SemTxvevaSi, aSS-s Soris. kerZod, warmodgenilia diskursi, rom aSS-c hegemonia, magram `rusul Ceqmas~ mainc sjobs, radgan `is xalxis ganvi-Tarebazea momarTuli, ruseTi ki gipyrobs srulad~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi). albaT, aSS da evropa erT, dasavlur konteqstSi unda ganvixiloT: aSS da evropa ara rogorc dampyrobeli, aramed dasavleTi, romelsac sakuTari interesebi aqvs saqa-rTveloSi; Tumca sakuTari wesebiT TamaSs ki ar gaiZulebs, aramed gTavazobs im SemTxvevaSi, Tu Seni, rogorc qveynis, arCevani dasavleTzea orientirebuli. amdenad, Tu qveyana gan-viTarebis, usafrTxo momavlisa da progresis sasargeblod akeTebs arCevans, riskis gawevac gamarTlebulia.

`safrTxe didia ruseTisgan, magram mas rom kari gavuRoT, ras miviRebT? adgeba da ibatonebs Cvenze. omiT Semodis da gvipyrobs pirdapir da Cemi nebiT rogor unda gavuRo kare-bi?!~ (mdedr., 18-25, zugdidi).

marTalia, fokus jgufebis monawileebi xazs usvamen ru-seTTan urTierTobebis daregulirebis mniSvnelobas, magram aRniSnaven, rom es sakmaod bundovani perspeqtivaa, radgan ru-seTSi arsebuli reJimis pirobebSi rTuli warmosadgenia, Tu ra gziT SeiZleba dalagdes Tbilisi-moskovis urTierTobebi.

`ver daalageb ise, rom evrokavSirSi Sexvide da ruseTTanac kargi urTierToba gqondes. putini amas ar dauSvebs, rom Sen evrokavSirSi da natoSi Sexvide~ (mdedr., 26-40, baTumi).

Tumca, ruseTisken gzis gaxsna da ekonomikuri urTierTo-bebis aRdgena-mogvareba, moqalaqeebis sakeTildReod gadadg-mul mniSvnelovan nabijadaa moazrebuli gorSi. SeiZleba vivar-

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audoT, rom warsuli gamocdileba da 2008 wlis konfliqtamde ergneTis bazrobis arseboba, rac garkveuli ekonomkuri sarge-blis momtani iyo rigiTi moqalaqeebisTvis, movlenebis amgvar Sefasebas iwvevs. SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom gorSi gac-nobierebuli ara aqvT ruseTidan momdinare safrTxeebi, Tumca arsebuli ekonomikuri problemebi da maTi mogvarebis Tundac minimaluri Sansi, ruseTTan urTierTobis daregulirebis ideas am regionis mosaxleobisTvis legitimurobas sZens.

`ruseTSi gzebi rom gaixsnas, iciT ramdeni xalxi amoisunTqavs?~ (mamr., 26-40, gori).

`cxinvali rom gaxsnili iyo, xalxi ergneTze muSaobda da ase Tu ise fuls Soulobda~ (mamr., 26-40, gori).

`ruseTis sazRvarTan axlos mdebare soflebSi xalxi am-bobs, rom ruseTi rom Semovides, xelebaweuli CavbardebiT da imaTken gadavalTo. SeiZleba adre undodaT evrokavSirSi, magram axla aRar ician, ra gaakeTon. am mTavrobamac gaucrua imedi Tavisi dapirebebiT~ (mdedr., 26-40, gori).

marTalia, ruseTidan momdinare safrTxeebi gacnobierebu-lia, rig SemTxvevaSi, ufrosi da saSualo asakis responden-tebisTvis, evrokavSirze ufro misaReb alternativas, Rire-bulebebis TvalsazrisiT, ruseTi warmoadgens. Tu kvlevaSi monawile politikosebisa da eqspertebisTvis ruseTi cal-saxad `cudi sxvaa~, fokus jgufebis monawileTa mosazrebebi am mxriv erTmniSvnelovani ar aris. diskusantTa nawili miiC-nevs, rom ruseTis erTmorwmuneobas da saerTo istorias didi mniSvneloba aqvs, ruseTi evrokavSirze ukeT daicavs saqarT-velos da SeunarCunebs religiasa da adaT-wesebs. amasTan, igi saqarTvelosTan ufro axlosaa maSin, roca mosaxleoba nakleb icnobs evropasa da evropul Rirebulebebs.

`rusma rom politika Secvalos, Cven egreve uars vityviT evropaze da SemovtrialdebiT ruseTisken, radgan gvinda Tu ar gvinda, im oraswlianma istoriam da metma, xalxi garkveul-wilad daaaxlova erTmaneTTan. aris uamravi rusul-qarTuli ojaxi, aqedan wasuli da iq moRvawe adamiani...~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

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`ruseTi ufro icavs am qristianul samyaros musulmanebi-sgan da es SeiZleba iyos Cveni erTaderTi gadarCena~ (mdedr., 41-65, zugdidi).

marTalia, ruseTis, rogorc evrokavSiris alternativis, xazgasma dominanturi idea ar yofila, magram aq sagulisxmo is faqtia, rom aseTi alternativis Sesaxeb msjeloba konfliqtis zonis (samxreT oseTi da afxazeTi) mosazRvre qalaqebSi _ gorsa da zugdidSi _ TvalsaCinoa. miuxedavad imisa, rom am regionebma yvelaze metad iwvnies ruseTis agresia, mniS-vnelovania siaxlove, romelic maT aqvT rogorc okupirebul teritoriebze mcxovreb araqarTvel mosaxleobasTan, aseve uSualod ruseTTanac. rogorc axalgazrda, ise ufrosi asa-kis monawileebi aRniSnaven, rom am TvalsazrisiT sazogadoeba gaxleCilia: is adamianebi, romlebmac socializacia sabWoTa kavSiris dros gaiares, faseulobebiT gacilebiT axlos dganan ruseTTan, vidre evropasTan; axalgazrdebi ki ruseT-evropis diqotomiaSi calsaxad evropul mxaresTan axdenen sakuTari Tavis identificirebas, rogorc politikuri xedviT, ise kul-turuli TvalsazrisiT.

`axalgazrdebs ufro evropa moswonT. visac sabWoTa kavSir-Si aqvs nacxovrebi, iqiT [ruseTisken] ixreba~ (mamr., 18-25, gori).

amgvari ideologiuri gansvla axalgazrda da ufros Tao-bebs Soris ara mxolod konfliqtis zonis mosazRvre re-gionebis mosaxleobisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli, aramed sxva re-gionebis mosaxleobisTvisac.

`Zalian rTulia vTqvaT, Cveni xedva romels miekuTvneba _ evropas Tu ufro ruseTs imitom, rom Cveni didi Taobis men-taliteti ufro ruseTisken aris, Cemi azriT. axal Taobas surs evropa. raRac dapirispirebaa da, me vfiqrob, gardatexis periodSi varT~ (mdedr., 18-25, Telavi).

`drosTan erTad icvleba ideologiebi. wina Taoba sxva standartebiT xelmZRvanelobs, Cven naTel momavals vxedavT evropaSi. is, rom rusebi marTlmadideblebi arian da mudam kargi Zma gveyoleba ruseTis saxiT, CvenTvis ase ar aris~ (md-edr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

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`asakovan xalxs urCevnia, ruseTTan gvqondes urTierTo-ba. axalgazrda Taoba irCevs evropas. asakovan xalxs eSinia tradiciebis dakargvis, SeiZleba informirebulebic ar arian, magram ase Tvlian~ (mamr., 26-40, baTumi).

Tumca, aqve sagulisxmoa, rom, miuxedavad sxvadasxva dain-teresebuli jgufis mier ruseTis, rogorc erTmorwmune eris, ideis popularizaciisa, fokus jgufebSi gamovlenili domi-nanturi diskursis Tanaxmad, ruseTi mteria _ ara mxolod imitom, rom okupantia, aramed imitomac, rom erTmorwmuneo-bis fasads amofarebulma, odesRac qarTuli eklesiis avtoke-faliac ki gaauqma, rac, respondentTa sityvebiT, musulman dampyroblebsac ki ar gaukeTebiaT da ramac erovnul TviT-myofadobas safrTxe Seuqmna.

`me rac ar unda gulgrili viyo am kavSirebis mimarT, CemT-vis ruseTTan damokidebuleba kategoriulad miuRebelia. me istorikosi var da vici, es qveyana rogor iqceva. magaliTad, Sah-abasma kaxeTi daipyro, magram mas azrad ar mosvlia same-fos gauqmeba, eklesiisaTvis avtokefaliis gauqmeba. ,keTili Zma’ ki SemosvlisTanave am yvelafers miadga da gaauqma same-foc, avtokefaliac. amitom, am erTmorwmuneobas amofarebu-li ruseTi ,Cemi Zma’ ar aris, radgan, rac ar dauSavebia CemTvis Turq-selCuks, sparss, monRols, is erTmorwmune ruseTma gaa-keTa~ (mdedr., 41-65, zugdidi).

`ideologiurad orive manqana muSaobs _ rogorc ruseTi, aseve evropa. joxi iq tydeba, sadac sustia. eklesias CvenTan ebrZoda is, vinc is sawyobebad gadaakeTa, kedlebi SeReba. am SemTxvevaSi, sustdeboda eklesia, magram Zlierdeboda xalxis rwmena da isini Cumad, malulad loculobdnen, wiTlad SeRe-bili xelebiT dadiodnen aRdgomis meore dRes. me guli maSin ufro mtkiva, roca marTlmadidebeli mebrZvis, radgan arCev-ani Tavis droze swored am niSniT gavakeTeT qarTvelebma~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

`me bavSvobaSi rusulSi mamzadebdnen, me ki Cem Svils ingli-surSi vamzadeb da minda, man evropisken da aSS-sken gaixedos da iciT ratom? Cven patara qveyana varT da aucileblad gviwevs,

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viRacaze viyoT damokidebulni. me ar minda okupantze viyo damokidebuli, man TavSi mikakunos da maiZulos, is vTqva, rac mas unda. me minda vTqva is, rac me minda, rom vTqva da mgonia, rom evropa me amis uflebas ar wamarTmevs~ (mdedr., 26-40, zugdidi).

aqve isic aRiniSna, rom seqsualur TavisuflebasTan dakav-Sirebuli Rirebulebebi, rac qarTvelebs ar moswonT, sinamd-vileSi, swored ruseTidan Semovida da mcdaria evropisTvis maTi miwera.

`Cven evropas imas veZaxiT, rasac televiziiT vxedavT da raRaceebi ar mogvwons. evropaSi Zalian Rrma tradiciebia, rac Cvenamde arc modis. ra tradiciac Tqven ar mogwonoT CvenTan, es rusulia. aqcenti keTdeba Tavisufal cxovrebaze, Tavisufal seqsze _ es sufTa rusulia~ (mdedr., 41-65, gori).

erT-erTi argumenti, romelic ruseTTan SedarebiT evro-pis upiratesobas usvams xazs, isaa, rom ruseTs, kulturuli da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, Tavad sWirdeba evropa. am mo-sazrebis Tanaxmad, rusuli elita ganaTlebis misaRebad evro-pas mimarTavda warsulSic da amJamadac, rus oligarqebs ki swored evropaSi aqvT dabandebuli kapitali.

`ai, vnaxoT evropamde ruseTi da evropis Semdeg ruseTi. ai, petre pirvelamde ruseTi. ratom iyo petre didi? imitom, rom aaSena peterburgi da gaWra fanjara evropaSi, amis Semdeg viTardeba ruseTSi teqnika, viTardeba kultura, viTardeba mecniereba. ratom manamde ar hyavdaT, vTqvaT, tolstoi, puS-kini, dostoevski, ar hyavdaT fermwerebi, SiSkini da sxva. ar hqondaT baleti, ar hqondaT universiteti?! amis Semdeg modis peterburgis universiteti, amis Semdeg modis yazanis univer-siteti, Semdeg modis mendeleevi, modis lomonosovi, sxvebi da sxvebi. es ganviTareba xdeba evropasTan mimarTebaSi. es rom ar yofiliyo, SeiZleba am procesebs daegviana ruseTSi. dRes aSkaraa, rom TviTon ruseTs sWirdeba evropa da Tu ase araa, maSin vnaxoT, sad cxovrobs putinis Svili, sad cxovrobs lav-rovis Svili, sad cxovroben berezovskis Svilebi, sad cxov-roben rusi oligarqebi da sad aqvT dabandebuli maT TavianTi Tanxa!~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

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respondentebi acnobiereben, rom xibli, romelic qa-rTvelebis TvalSi evropas aqvs, Tanaziari araa da evropisT-vis saqarTvelo nakleb mimzidvelia. amdenad, is saqarTvelos gamo moskovTan dapirispirebas moerideba da qveyana kvlavac marto aRmoCndeba ruseTis pirispir. am rTul viTarebaSi mTa-var gamosavlad ki respondentebi istoriuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebasa da Tanamedrove realobaSi mis axleburad gamoyenebas miiCneven. maTi SefasebiT, istoria gvaswavlis, rom saqarTvelo mudmivad rTuli arCevanis winaSe idga da situa-cia met-naklebad maSin mSviddeboda, roca gonieri mmarTveli yvelaze optimalur gadawyvetilebas iRebda; es ukanaskneli ki, Tavis mxriv, msxvil moTamaSeebs Soris lavirebasa da xel-sayreli situaciis adekvatur gamoyenebas gulisxmobda.

`Tu Cven istorias gadavxedavT, aRmovaCenT, rom CvenTan met-naklebad normaluri politikuri viTareba maSin iyo, roca Wkviani mmarTveli gvyavda. geopolitikurad iseT adgi-las vcxovrobT, rom es mniSvnelovania. arada, sul ramdenime aseTi mmarTveli gvyavda da veZaxiT kidec am dros oqros xanas. Wkviani adamiani unda iyos saTaveSi, romelic SeZlebs am mZime periodSi lavirebas da raRacnairad am mZime viTarebis dareg-ulirebas. Cveni mefeebic ase akeTebdnen, rogor Seatyobdnen situacias, imis mixedviT iqceodnen _ xan sparseTTan iyvnen kargad da xan bizantiasTan~ (mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

zemoTqmulidan naTelia, rom respondentebis diskursSi usafrTxoebis pragmatuli xedva dominirebs. miuxedavad la-virebis survilisa, maT gacnobierebuli aqvT, rom ruseTis agresia nebismier momentSia mosalodneli; am agresiisgan dac-vis mTavar saSualebad ki evrokavSirTan daaxloeba esaxebaT. fokus jgufebSi isic aRiniSna, rom briuselis pasiuroba, romelsac, zogadad, xisti gadawyvetilebebis miReba ar axa-siaTebs, saqarTvelos SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba Sefasdes, rogorc ruseTis gaRizianebis aridebisa da agresiis Sesustebis mcde-loba. miuxedavad garedan mxardaWeris naklebobisa, evropuli arCevanis dasacavad mosaxleoba mzadaa, ruseTis agresias Ta-vad gaumklavdes.

`agresia gadavitaneT [ruseTis mxridan] da kidev iqneba. ev-

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ropasac uxerxulobaSi vagdebT, radgan gasayofi varT. evropa swored am uxerxulobas erideba da welavs, rom ruseTi Tavad wavides daTmobaze da evropas problema ar Seeqmnas. amitom swored Cven unda gavumklavdeT am agresias da davicvaT Cveni arCevani~ (mamr., 41-65, gori).

qarTuli identoba da Rirebulebebi evropeizaciis konteqstSi

rogorc politikosebisa da eqspertebis, ise mosaxleobis narativebSi evrokavSirTan integraciis da evropeizaciis Ses-axeb ori ZiriTadi diskursi ikveTeba _ usafrTxoebisa da iden-tobis. wina qveTavSi gamoCnda, rom usafrTxoebis pragmatuli diskursi evrokavSirs ruseTis imperialisturi zraxvebisgan damcvelad warmoaCens. miuxedavad gaJRerebuli mosazrebisa, rom evrokavSiri yovelmxriv cdilobs, ruseTTan konfronta-cia airidos, amdenad, mzad araa, kritikul momentSi saqarT-velos mxarSi daudges, kvlevis monawileTa didi nawili mainc imediT uyurebs evrokavSirTan daaxloebas da sjera, rom es procesi qveynis usafrTxoebaze pozitiurad aisaxeba. rac Se-exeba identobis diskurss, is sakmaod ambivalenturia, radgan, miuxedavad qarTvelebis gacxadebuli evropelobisa, evroin-tegracia qarTuli identobisTvis garkveul safrTxed aRiqme-ba. miuxedavad imisa, rom respondentebis didi nawili saqarT-velos, istoriulad da kulturulad, evropis nawilad miiC-nevs, maT mosazrebebSi isic vlindeba, rom qristianul civili-zaciaze dafuZnebuli kulturuli msgavseba aucileblad ar iTargmneba qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebis msgavsebaSi. maTi azriT, es imiT aixsneba, rom saqarTvelo aRmosavlur qristianul ojaxs miekuTvneba da ara dasavlurs; amasTan, igi istoriulad aziis gavlenasac ganicdida.

RirebulebiTi gansxvavebebis WrilSi, ori saxis diskursi gamoiyo: erTi evropul Rirebulebebs qarTulze upiratesad miiCnevs, meore ki, piriqiT. fokus jgufebis monawileTa azriT, evropelebis upiratesoba samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis siZlieres ukavSirdeba, magaliTad, kanonmorCilebas, adamianis uflebebis

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dacvas da a.S. xolo qarTvelebis upiratesobad kulturuli (xSir SemTxvevaSi, koleqtivisturi) Rirebulebebi miiCneva. sa-gulisxmoa, rom qarTvelebis kulturuli upiratesobis xaz-gasma mxolod mosaxleobasTan gvxvdeba, maSin roca diskursebi qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebis msgavsebis, aseve evro-puli Rirebulebebis upiratesobis Sesaxeb, politikosebTan da eqspertebTan Catarebul interviuebSic gamovlinda.

qarTul da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris msgavseba

fokus jgufebSi gamovlenili erT-erTi mTavari diskursis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelosa da evropas saerTo istoria da qris-tianuli Rirebulebebi akavSirebs. swored qristianoba miiC-neva im bazisad, razec evropuli civilizacia dgas da rac qa-rTvelis evropuli identobis sawindaria.

`swored qristianuli civilizacia farTo gagebiT da ara mxolod, viwrod, mosaxmari kultura, erTi gvaqvs. qristiano-ba aris Cveni kulturis ,lokomotivi’ da amitom gvaqvs kul-turebis Tanxvedra~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

`Cveni identoba, qarTvelis identoba, zogadad, aris evro-puli. Cemi azriT, Tu istoriul aspeqts gadavxedavT, es asea. aziuri kultura sul sxva aris. aziuri identoba sruliad gan-sxvavebulia evropulisgan~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

sainteresoa, rom saqarTvelos evropulobisa da kul-turaTa Tanxvedraze saubrisas, zogjer saqarTvelo evropaze winmswrebadac ganixileba. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, diskursi, rom saqarTvelo manamde iyo evropuli, vidre Tavad evropa, araTu mosaxleobisTvis, aramed politikosebisTvisac araa ucxo. es gansakuTrebiT vlindeba narativSi, rom qarTvelebi imTaviTve evropelebi arian, ris argumentad, umetesad, dma-nisis arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili uZvelesi adamianebi, `pirvel evropelebad~ wodebuli zezva da mzia mohyavT. msgavsi tendencia `evropul maxasiaTeblebTan~ dakav-SirebiTac gamoikveTa: am konteqstSi saqarTvelo warmoCenil-ia qveynad, romelsac evropaze adre hqonda iseTi `evropuli~

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maxasiaTeblebi, rogoricaa qristianuli religia, demokrati-uli mmarTvelobis Canasaxebi da sxv.

ìs Rirebulebebi, romlebsac evropulad asaReben, ufro adre gvqonda Cven, vidre bevr evropul kulturas~ (mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

`Cven ZirZveli evropelebi varT. Tundac zezva da mzia avi-RoT. aseTi kultura evropis bevr qveyanas ar daesizmreba~ (mamr., 26-40, baTumi).

`Tundac parlamentarizmis istoria, saparlamento mmarT-veloba asocirdeba evropasTan. saqarTeloSi ki jer kidev me-12 saukuneSi iyo parlamentarizmis safuZvlebi. istoriis da kulturis TvalsazrisiT, varT evropis nawili, religiiTac varT~ (mdedr., 18-25, gori).

unda aRiniSnos, rom, xSir SemTxvevaSi, diskusantebi evro-pelebs moixsenieben, rogorc kulturul, daxvewil da civi-lizebul adamianebs. zogi respondenti qarTvelebsac swored am maxasiaTeblebiT amsgavsebs evropelebs. magaliTad, `civi-lizebulobis~ konteqstSi, qarTvelebsa da evropelebs Soris erT-erT msgavsebad dasaxelda rogorc qarTvelebis, ise ev-ropelebis naklebi midrekileba omisa da Zaladobisken.

`Cven omi SegviZlia, magram ar varT meomari da moZalade xalxi, evropa swored aseTi sazogadoebaa. [...] TiTqos saubre-biT, civilizebuli wesiT agvareben problemebs da Cven varT aseTi qveyana~ (mdedr., 41-65, gori).

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTvelebTan SedarebiT `nakleb civi-lizebulebad~ ganixileba danarCeni kavkasiuri erebi: somxebi, azerbaijanelebi da Crdilokavkasielebi. erT-erTi respon-dentis azriT, zemoxsenebul erebTan SedarebiT, qarTvelebis `civilizebuloba~ imiT gamoixateba, rom saqarTveloSi yov-elTvis iyo inteligencia, rac swored qarTvelebis evrop-elobis indikatorad ganixileba. amdenad, sakuTari evropelo-bis deklarirebis kvaldakval, aRmosavleTiT mdebare mezo-blebis òrientalisturi~ xedvac gvxvdeba, rac, safiqralia, rom qarTvelebis mxridan òqsidentalizmis~ mcdelobas war-

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moadgens (Todorova, 1997): saqarTvelo, romlis evropulobac SesaZloa bevrs sadavod miaCndes, Tavs kavkasieli mezoblebis `civilizebul dasavleTad~ warmoaCens.

`Cvens mezoblebTan _ somxebTan, azerbaijanelebTan, Crdilo-kavkasielebTan _ SedarebiT namdvilad evropelebi varT da yov-elTvis gvyavda inteligencia~ (mdedr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

aRsaniSnavia, rom evropis gavlenad miiCneva ruseTis impe-riis istoriuli gavlenac saqarTveloze, radganac me-19 sau-kunis ruseTi `naxevrad evropad~ ganixileba. amasTan, saqarT-velosa da evropis kavSirze, aseve evropuli Rirebulebebis Semotanaze pasuxismgebloba iseT istoriul pirovnebebs miew-erebaT, romlebsac diskusantebi evropasTan asocirebulad swored ruseTis imperiis gavliT miiCneven, magaliTad, ale-qsandre da nino WavWavaZeebs (ruseTis imperiis armiaSi moRvawe qarTveli poeti da misi qaliSvili, romelic rusi mwerlis aleqsandre griboedovis meuRle iyo) da Tergdaleulebs (me-19 saukunis 60-ian wlebSi ruseTSi ganaTlebamiRebuli qarTve-li axalgazrdebi, romlebsac siaxleebi SemohqondaT qarTul sazogadoebriv sivrceSi).

`evropis nawili namdvilad varT, Cven imxela gavlena gvqon-da ruseTidan da ruseTi naxevrad evropaa~ (mdedr., 41-65, gori).

`rodesme yofila kulturulad mowyvetili saqarTvelo evropas? me vgulisxmob kulturul sivrces da ara konkret-ul sivrces. aviRoT mTlianad kulturuli korifeebi nebismi-er dargSi da Tugind Tergdaleulebis ideac aviRoT. Tergda-leulebis idea ruseTSi evropuli dakompleqteba iyo~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`vnaxoT, nino WavWavaZe saiTken miiswrafvis? evropuli Semoaqvs. aleqsandre WavWavaZes kaxeTSi Semoaqvs evropuli faseulobebi, teqnologiebi, sxvadasxva raRaceebi. evropaSi miRebuli ganaTlebiT amayobdnen, xom?~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

mosaxleobis narativebSi ikveTeba eqspertebsa da poli-tikosebTan gamovlenili mosazrebac, rom is Rirebulebebi,

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romlebsac evropulad miviCnevT (magaliTad, adamianis ufle-bebTan, pasuxismgeblobis aRebasTan dakavSirebuli), sinamd-vileSi universaluri Rirebulebebia da, Sesabamisad, saqarT-velosTvisac ar aris ucxo. amas garda, mTeli msofliosTvis universaluria iseTi Rirebulebebi, romlebic megobrobasa da Sidajgufur urTierTobebs ukavSirdeba. amdenad, imisaTvis, rom zemoxsenebuli Rirebulebebi gaiTaviso, sulac ar aris saWiro, iyo evropeli. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tavad evropuli iden-tobis mkvlevarebis azriT, moqalaqeobasTan dakavSirebuli Rirebulebebi (magaliTad, kanonis uzenaesoba, adamianis ufle-bebi, fundamenturi Tavisuflebebi da demokratia) zedmetad universaluria imisaTvis, rom evrokavSiris moqalaqeebs Zl-ieri evropuli identoba Camouyalibos (Kaina, Karolewski, 2013).

`adamianis uflebebi, piradi pasuxismgebloba mxolod saqa-rTvelos da evropas ara, mTels msoflios aerTianebs~ (mde-dr., 18-25, baTumi).

amgvarad, fokus jgufebis monawileebi qarTvelebis evro-pelobis mimarT ambivalentur damokidebulebas amJRavneben. erTi mxriv, imis dasabuTebas cdiloben, rom qarTvelebi udavod evropelebi arian da evropelebze adrec ki gaxdnen evropele-bi; Tumca, meore mxriv, sakuTari evropelobis deklarireba ar emTxveva Sesabamis TviTaRqmas. msgavs tendencias saqarTvelos masStabiT Catarebuli raodenobrivi kvlevebic adasturebs: miuxedavad imisa, rom gamokiTxulTa 56% eTanxmeba zurab Jva-nias cnobil gamonaTqvams: `me var qarTveli da, maSasadame, var evropeli~ (CRRC, 2013, 2015), saqarTvelos mosaxleobis mxolod 18% grZnobs evropasTan emociur siaxloves da 15% miiCnevs Tavs erTdroulad qarTvelad da evropelad, xolo 77,3% ar grZnobs siaxloves evropasTan (ISSP, 2013). amasTan, qarTvelebis 69% TviTidentificirebas mxolod qarTvelad axdens (CRRC, 2015). Sesabamisad, sakmaod ambivalenturia evrointegraciis mimarT damokidebulebac: evrointegracia erTdroulad sasurveladac miiCneva da, amasTanave, erovnuli identobis mimarT garkveul safrTxedac. SesaZloa paradoqsulad JRerdes, magram maSin, roca mosaxleobis mxolod 12% afasebs evrokavSirs negatiu-rad da umravlesoba (61%) saqarTvelos evrokavSirSi Sesvlas

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miesalmeba, 45% Tvlis, rom evrokavSiri qarTul tradiciebs safrTxes uqmnis (CRRC, 2015). es tendencia imiT unda aixsnas, rom evrointegraciam SesaZloa araTu erTiani evropuli identobis gaCenas Seuwyos xeli, aramed, piriqiT, erovnuli da kulturu-li identobebisadmi safrTxis aRqma gaaZlieros da TavdacviTi lokalizmis~ gaCena gamoiwvios. amasTan, unda aRiniSnos, rom ambivalenturi identobebi sociokulturuli da nacional-uri `xmebis~ dapirispirebis safuZvelze yalibdeba _ elitebis mier SeTavazebul evropul identobas mosaxleoba yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi Taviseburad gardaqmnis (Nanz, 2010). zemoxsenebuli safrTxis gancda da ambivalenturi damokidebulebebi gansa-kuTrebiT kargad Cans qvemoT, rodesac monawileebi qarTul da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris sxvaobebs ganixilaven.

qarTul da evropul Rirebulebebs Soris gansxvaveba

evropuli Rirebulebebis mimarT qarTvelebis ambivalen-tur damokidebulebas is faqtoric aZlierebs, rom saqarT-velo, erTdroulad, evropuli da aziuri gavlenebis mqone qveynad aRiqmeba, rac yvelaze ukeT RirebulebiT orientaci-aSi gamoixateba. diskusantTa nawili miiCnevs, rom qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebi gansxvavebulia da am gansxvavebebs kulturuli gavlenebi ganapirobebs. am mosazrebis Tanaxmad, miuxedavad imisa, rom qarTul xelovnebasa da arqiteqturaSi evropuli elementebi igrZnoba, Rirebulebebi da tradiciebi ufro aziur gavlenas ganicdis, rac, saboloo jamSi, qarTve-lebs ufro azielebad aqcevs.

`Cveni buneba da tradiciebi ar aris evropuli, ufro azi-uri gavlena gvaqvs~ (mdedr., 18-25, baTumi).

`kulturis da xelovnebis TvalsazrisiT, SeiZleba evro-pelebi varT, magram mentalobiT azielebi varT~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`Cveni kultura da tradiciebi ufro aziuria, vidre evro-puli. SeiZleba arqiteqtura evropulia, magram miviltviT ev-ropisken da is ar gviRebs~ (mamr., 18-25, gori).

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aqve aRsaniSnavia argumenti, rom, radgan saqarTveloSi ev-ropisa da aziis gavlena yovelTvis enacvleboda erTmaneTs, qveyana arc `mTlad evropaa~ da arc `mTlad azia~, aramed specifikuri, hibriduli identobiT gamoirCeva, romelic ev-ropulisa da aziuris brikolaJis Sedegia.

`Cven iseT adgilas varT da yovelTvis ase viyaviT, rom aziac viyaviT da evropac. mTlad evropac ar varT da arc mT-lad azia varT. albaT, kavkasiuri nawili marTla kavkasiuri nawilia. Cven mentalitetiT Zalian evropelebi ar varT da arc azielebi varT~ (mdedr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

`Tanamedrove msoflioSi Cven varT eri, romelic aris civi-lizaciaTa gzajvaredinze~ (mamr., 41-65, Telavi).

kidev erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, im SemTxvevaSic ki, roca saqarTvelosa da evropis saerTo qristianul kulturaze vsau-brobT, gasaTvaliswinebelia, rom saqarTvelo ara dasavleT evropis kaTolikur an protestantul qveynebs miekuTvneba, aramed aRmosavluri qristianobis nawilia, rac mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens mis kulturul Rirebulebebze. amdenad, `ev-ropul ojaxSi dabrunebis~ idea aravalidurad miiCneva im mo-sazrebiT, rom saqarTvelo arasodes yofila am ojaxis~ wevri.

`laparakia, rom davbrundeT ,evropul ojaxSi’ da rodis vi-yaviT iq? romel evropaSi viyaviT? es yvelaferi xom istori-idan gamomdinareobs? dasavleT evropaSi viyaviT? kaTolikur evropaSi Tu protestantul evropaSi? Cven varT aRmosavleT qristianuli mxare, rogorc saberZneTi. ar vekuTvniT namd-vilad dasavleT evropas, isini religiuradac bolo 300-400 welia sxva mxares arian da mentaliteti absoluturad gansx-vavebulia. religiur mxares aqvs, am SemTxvevaSi, Zalian didi mniSvneloba. im faseulobebs, romlebic aRmosavlur qris-tianul mimarTulebas aqvs da ara protestantul nawils~ (mamr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

aRsaniSnavia, rom qarTuli da evropuli Rirebulebebis gan-sxvavebis konteqstSi, ori qvediskursi gamoikveTa: erT SemTx-vevaSi evropuli Rirebulebebi ganixileba upiratesad, xolo meoreSi _ qarTuli.

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a) evropuli Rirebulebebi qarTul Rirebulebebze upiratesia

eqspertebisa da politikosebis msgavsad, mosaxleobasTan Catarebul fokus jgufebSic gamoikveTa diskursi, romlis Tanaxmad, evropa ufro civilizebul aqtorad warmogvidgeba da evropuli Rirebulebebi qarTul Rirebulebebze upirates-ad miiCneva. am SemTxvevaSi, evropuli Rirebulebebi asocird-eba demokratiasTan, sityvisa da arCevanis TavisuflebasTan, aseve ganaTlebasa da `civilizebulobasTan~.

`CemSi evropa iwvevs garkveuli principebisa da garkveuli faseulobebis asociacias. evropuli faseulobebia sityvis Ta-visufleba, presis Tavisufleba, mediis Tavisufleba, Tanabaru-flebiani, konkurentunariani garemo, arCevanis Tavisufleba da sxvadasxva. demokratiis principebis garda, evropa CemTvis aso-cirdeba garkveul kulturasTan da garkveul mecnierebasTan, cxovrebis garkveuli wesia~ (mdedr., 41-65, quTaisi).

monawileebis azriT, evropuli Rirebulebebi, qarTulTan SedarebiT, ufro samoqalaqo, saxelmwifoebrivi Rirebule-bebia. am SemTxvevaSi. is, rac evropelebs qarTvelebisagan sagrZnoblad ganasxvavebs, kanonmorCilebaa.

`evropels saxelmwifoebrioba aqvs gaTavisebuli _ rames rom akeTebs, es saxelmwifosTvis kargia Tu cudia. Cven, mapa-tieT, magram ufro mafiozobisken mimswrafveli eri varT~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

`yvelaze metad rac dasafasebelia da evropaSi momwonebia, es aris pativiscema kanonebisadmi, rac CvenTan naklebad aris; nak-lebad an saerTod ar aris, Tumca TandaTan Semodis. konkretulad, germaniis magaliTze vityvi, rom ganurCevlad imisa, Tanamdebobis piria Tu Cveulebrivi adamiani, kanonebisadmi pativiscema aqvT. es ar aris SiSis gamo, es maT mentalitetSia~ (mdedr., 26-40, Telavi).

evropelebi mowesrigebul da Sromismoyvare adamianebad aRiqmebian maSin, roca qarTvelebs swored amis sapirispiro maxasiaTeblebi miewerebaT: sizarmace, arakanonmorCileba da uwesrigoba (rigSi gadaxtoma, quCaSi nagvis dayra, SuqniSnis ignorireba da a.S.).

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`iq kultura Zalian maRal donezea, rodesac SuqniSanze wi-Teli anTia, rac ar unda carieli iyos gza, ar wava mZRoli. el-ementarulad, mzesumziras da Tambaqos namwvavs ar daagdebs quCaSi. am TvalsazrisiT, elementaruli qcevis wesebi ar gvaqvs Cven~ (mdedr., 41-65, baTumi).

`me qarTveli var da Cemi eri sxva nebismiers mirCevnia, ma-gram qarTveli adamiani aris Zalian zarmaci da Zalian qedma-Rali. xom SeiZleba Cvenc CavjdeT im standartebSi da muSao-bis im reJims SeveCvioT? urnaSi ar Caagdeben nagavs da gareT gadaagdeben~ (mdedr., 26-40, gori).

evropasTan asocirdeba mowesrigebuli SromiTi urTierTobe-bic. amis sawinaaRmdegod, saqarTveloSi Sroma daufasebad miiCneva.

`evrokavSiris yvela qveyanas aqvs Tavisi wesebi. qarTveli xalxi cota sxvanairi xalxi varT, im wesebs bolomde ver davi-cavT. sityvaze, muSaobT romelime sadgurze da unda imuSavoT 9-dan 6 saaTamde. ramdenjer yofila, rom misulxarT da gimuSa-viaT 9-10-mde? bevrjer. iq muSaoben 9-dan 6-mde. Tu damatebiT gamoiZaxeben, is iTxovs saaTobriv anazRaurebas. aq aseTi ram arasodes iqneba~ (mamr., 26-40, gori).

sainteresoa, rom monawileebi damoukideblobis sazomiT erTmaneTs adareben qarTvel da evropel axalgazrdebs: evro-peli axalgazrdebis mSoblebisgan finansuri damoukidebloba pozitiurad fasdeba da qarTveli axalgazrdebis mSoblebis kmayofaze cxovrebaa gakritikebuli.

`politikosebis da cnobili saxeebis Svilebi rodesac srulwlovanebi xdebian, mSoblis kmayofaze aRar cxovroben [evropaSi]. aq mamis imedi aqvT, meuRlec mamis kiserze mohyavT. iq ki damoukidebel cxovrebas eCvevian, Camoyalibebuli da mowesrigebuli xalxia~ (mdedr., 26-40, gori).

rogorc eqspertebi da politikosebi, ise fokus jgufebis monawile mosaxleobac qarTuli Rirebulebebis dakninebisa da evropulisgan gansvlaze pasuxismgeblobas sabWoTa kavSiris periods miawers. es periodi individis SezRudul Tavisufle-basTan asocirdeba, iqneba es sityvis Tu arCevanis Tavisufle-

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ba, Sesabamisad, nakleb pasuxismgeblobasTanac, ramac, respon-dentTa sityvebiT, qarTvelebis `ganviTarebas daRi daasva.”

`istoriis garkveul etapze, marTalia, ruseTma evropasTan damakavSirebeli garkveuli xidis roli Seasrula, magram es sabWoTa periodi iyo is Savi laqa, romelmac araTu evropul faseulobebze garkveuli TvalsazrisiT uari gvaTqmevina, ar-amed TviTon qarTuli faseulobebis degradacia gamoiwvia~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

`evropuli Rirebulebebi _ sityvis Tavisufleba, adamia-nis uflebebi, arCevanis Tavisufleba _ garkveuli tradicie-bidan da Cveni warsulidan gamomdinare, sakmaod SezRuduli iyo Cveni sazogadoebisTvis. vgulisxmob sabWoTa periods da im SezRudvebs, romelSic gvacxovres wlebis manZilze da aman Cven ganviTarebas daRi daasva~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

mocemul situaciaSi qarTvelebi `patara bavSvebad~ ganix-ilebian, romlebmac evropisgan zemoxsenebuli Rirebulebebi unda iswavlon (Tundac iseTi martiviT dawyebuli, rogoricaa quCis danagvianebisgan Tavis Sekaveba) imisaTvis, rom ganviTa-rebis mxriv mas miuaxlovdnen.

`Cveni xelisufleba midis evropisken maSin, roca TviTon SigniT sul sxva moTxovnileba aqvs ers da sazogadoebas imi-tom, rom me nagvis gadayras axla maswavlian, xvdebiT?~ (mde-dr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`ganviTarebis gzaze yvelas sWirdeba viRac, visganac raRa-cas iswavlis. Cven gvWirdeba sxva, rom viswavloT da imisTvi-sac, rom Cveni kargi gavceT. Tu Cven davijerebT, rom mxolod Cvenia kargi, ase araa, cxadia. elementarulia, gzaze rom nagavi ar unda davyaroT, Tundac es gvaqvs saswavli evropelebisgan~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

amgvari `swavlebis~ diskursi evropeizaciis erT-erT meqanizms _ socializacias ukavSirdeba, romlis Tanaxmad, evrokavSiri partnior qveynebs sakuTar normebsa da Rirebulebebs aswavlis da `mowafeebs~ maT upiratesobaSi arwmunebs. socializaciis meqaniz-mi Tavs gansakuTrebiT maSin iCens, roca qveyana axal, gaurkvevel

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mdgomareobaSi imyofeba, evrokavSirs legitimur aqtorad miiC-nevs da Zalian cdilobs, evropas ekuTvnodes. Tumca, Tu zemoT ganxilul ambivalentur identobebs (Nanz, 2010) gavixsenebT, isic mosalodnelia, rom msgavsi tipis `swavlebis procesi,~ imavdrou-lad, gansakuTrebul gaRizianebas iwvevdes, kerZod, sakuTari kulturuli identobis gazviadebasa da evropeizaciisgan Tav-dacviT reaqciebs warmoSobdes. marTlac, `swavlebis~ moTxovnis paralelurad, monawileebisTvis miuRebeli aRmoCnda, rom evro-kavSiri maswavleblis rolSi gamodis, romelmac, vTqvaT, toler-antoba unda aswavlos qarTvelebs. es ukanasknelni sakuTar Tavs isedac tolerantulad miiCneven da sjeraT, rom Tavad SeuZliaT aswavlon evropas stumarTmoyvareoba da megobroba. amasTan, am procesSi iseTi Suamavlebis gamoyeneba, rogoricaa ucxouri do-norebis mier dafinansebuli qarTuli arasamTavrobo seqtori da media, gansakuTrebul kritikas iwvevs.

`Cven tolerantulad gadaWarbebuli loializmi gagvaCnia sxvebTan mimarTebaSi da es zedmetobaSic mogvdis. vin-vin da da axla zogierTi televiziebi gvaswavlidnen qarTvels, tol-erantoba ra aris, eg sircxvilia! sircxvilia stumarTmoyva-reoba, moyvasis siyvaruli da am kuTxiT adamianoba aswavlo qarTvels! piriqiT, iqiT vaswavliT evropasac da im civ evro-pasac, rac SegviZlia, gavuziarebT~ (mdedr., 26-40, quTaisi).

`ar momwons, tolerantobas rodesac maxveven Tavs. qarTve-li eri yovelTvis aseTi iyo. ar momwons arasamTavroboebi, romlebic bevr rames gvaxveven Tavs. magram Zalian bevri rame momwons da amitom minda evropaSi~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

`ki, batono, Zalian kargia es evropa da mec mgonia, rom var evropeli, magram me viRacam ar unda maswavlos, ra aris mego-broba, kacoba da qarTveloba. es CemSi, rogorc qarTvelSi, ge-netikurad devs. amas karnaxi ar unda~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

b) qarTuli Rirebulebebi evropul Rirebulebebze upiratesia

alternatiuli diskursis Tanaxmad, qarTuli Rirebulebebi evropul Rirebulebebze aRmatebulia, Tundac imitom, rom qa-rTuli kultura evropulze ufro Zvelia.

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`Cveni kultura gacilebiT didi xnis win warmoiSva, vidre maTi~ (mdedr., 41-65, gori).

respondentTa nawili evropasTan mimarTebaSi saqarTvelos iseT kulturul upiratesobebsac usvams xazs, rogoricaa uni-kaluri damwerloba da àRmatebuli~ tradiciebi (magaliTad, stumarmaspinZloba), rac qarTvelebis gansakuTrebul siamayes iwvevs. qveynis masStabiT Catarebulma reprezentatulma kvle-vamac daadastura, rom swored istoriiTa da kulturiT siama-yea yvelaze mWidro korelaciaSi qarTvelebis maRal erovnul siamayesTan (89%) (ISSP, 2013).

`Tu calke, damoukideblad aviRebT Cvens saxelmwifos, yvelaze aRmatebuli kulturis, ganaTlebis, eTikis, moralis da zneobis saxelmwifoa. am xuT komponentSi qarTvel ers ara-vis swavleba sWirdeba. amaSi Careva SeiZleba ufro uaryofiTa-dac moqmedebdes, vidre dadebiTad~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

amdenad, qarTvelebs iseTi maxasiaTeblebi miewerebaT, ro-goricaa zneobrivoba, megobruloba (`siTbo~) da ojaxis wevre-bze zrunva, evropelebi ki ufro civ, gulgril da nakleb moralur adamianebad miiCnevian, romlebic nakleb zrunaven sa-kuTar ojaxze da mSoblebze; amasTan, `zedmetad Tavisuflebi~ arian, raSic, xSir SemTxvevaSi, Ria seqsualuri urTierTobebi, homoseqsualoba da, zogierTi monawilis azriT, naTesavebTan seqsualuri urTierTobebic ki moiazreba.

èvropa aris zedmetad Tavisufali da civi. Cven ki _ Tbili da mokrZalebuli~ (mdedr., 18-25, baTumi).

ìsini arian qristianebi, magram kaTolikebi da iq sxva we-sebia. magaliTad, mamidaSvilebTan da biZaSvilebTan seqsual-uri urTierTobebi maTTvis normaluria. Cveni mentalobisT-vis es miuRebelia. me SeiZleba bevr rames ar veTanxmebi Cven-Tan, magram Cveni mosaxleobis didi nawilisTvis maTi wesebi, bevri wesi miuRebelia da amboben, rom evropaSi Sesvla aris garyvnileba~ (mamrobiTi, 18-25, zugdidi).

ìq (evropaSi) deda rom mivides ojaxSi, winaswar unda darekos. karTanac rom miadges da darekili ar hqondes, Sei-

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Zleba kari miuxuros. aseve, moxuc mSoblebs uproblemod aba-reben TavSesafarSi. aq kargad Cans maTi damokidebuleba~ (md-edr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

sainteresoa, rom, Tu respondentTa nawili dadebiTad uy-urebs axalgazrdebis damoukideblobisken swrafvasa da mSo-blebze materialuri Tu emociuri mijaWvulobis Sesustebas, sxvebi mas swored urTierTobebis gaciebis WrilSi aRiqvamen da evropuli Rirebulebebis gavrcelebis negatiur aspeqtad miiCneven.

`srulwlovan Svils calke cxovrebis uflebas aZleven. ar mgonia, rom 18 wlis adamiani pirovnulad im donezea Camoyali-bebuli, rom damoukideblad cxovreba SeZlos~ (mdedr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

`evropaSi ar aris ojaxuri siTbo, srulwlovani midis ojaxidan... Cven tradiciuli xalxi varT da gvaqvs ojaxuri siTbo... evropaSi 18 wlis rom gaxdebian, arc kiTxuloben mSo-bels~ (mdedr., 41-65, baTumi).

amdenad, diskusantebi xazs usvamen qarTuli kulturisT-vis damaxasiaTebeli koleqtivisturi Rirebulebebis upirate-sobas evropul individualistur Rirebulebebze. amasTan, evropelebi qarTvelebTan SedarebiT nakleb patriotebad ganixilebian. Sesabamisad, aRiarebulia patriotizmTan gai-givebuli qarTuli nacionalizmis upiratesobac evropul postnacionalizmze, rac patriotizmis deficitad aRiqmeba. patriotizmis naklebobasTan erTad, evropelebi `daprograme-bul~, qarTvelebi ki _ ufro SemoqmedebiT adamianebad miiCn-evian. rogorc erT-erTi respondenti aRniSnavs, `evropelebi ufro daprogramebulebi arian da Cven ufro mravalmxriv gan-viTarebuli eri varT~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi). es, savaraudod, swored evropelebis mowesrigebulobasa da kanonmorCilebas unda mivaweroT, qarTvelebis mxridan ki _ wesebiT manipuli-rebasa da maTgan SemoqmedebiT~ deviacias, rac qarTuli kul-turis intimurobis~ (Herzfeld, 2005) arsebiTi aspeqtia.

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evropeizaciis gavlena qarTul Rirebulebebze

respondentTa azri imis Sesaxeb, axdens Tu ara evropeizacia, rogorc formaluri evrointegraciis Tanmdevi RirebulebiT-normatuli procesi, gavlenas qarTul Rirebulebebze, iyofa: Tu erTi diskursiT, aseTi gavlena ar SeiniSneba, meoris Tanax-mad, qarTuli Rirebulebebi evropeizaciis kvaldakval icv-leba an SeiZleba Seicvalos. Tumca, Tu elitebi evropeizaciis gavlenis Sedegad garkveuli RirebulebiTi nazavis Tu briko-laJis Seqmnas moelian, mosaxleobis damokidebulebebi ufro SefasebiTia da miiCneva, rom gavlenis SemTxvevaSi, qarTuli Rirebulebebi an ukeTesobisken Seicvleba, an uaresobisken. Sesabamisad, maTi mosazrebebi evropeizaciis gavlenis Sesaxeb SeiZleba orad daiyos: erTi mxriv, xazgasmulia pozitiuri gav-lena, romelic qarTvelebs `ukeTes moqalaqeebad~ gardaqmnis; meore mxriv ki, es gavlena negatiurad moiazreba da, umetesad, erovnuli identobis dakargvis SiSs ukavSirdeba.

a) evropeizaciis pozitiuri gavlena qarTul Rirebulebebze

vinaidan evrokavSiri samoqalaqo, demokratiul Rireb-ulebebTan da adamianis uflebebis dacvasTan asocirdeba, mis pozitiur gavlenaSi fokus jgufebis monawileebi swored samoqalaqo sazogadoebis konsolidaciis mimarTulebiT ganx-orcielebul cvlilebebs moiazreben. isini moelian qveyanaSi demokratiuli Rirebulebebis gaZlierebas, wesrigze orien-tirebas (nagvis urnebSi gadayra, sagzao wesebis dacva da sxv.), axalgazrdebis met damoukideblobas, SromiTi uflebebis mowesrigebas, adamianis uflebebis, gansakuTrebiT, umcireso-bebis uflebebis dacvas, genderul Tanasworobas da a.S. unda aRiniSnos, rom evrokavSiris samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis `gaid-ealeba~ da molodini, rom evrointegracia am Rirebulebebis dauyovnebliv damkvidrebas Seuwyobs xels, im qveynebSi ufro SeiniSneba, romelTac evrokavSirTan urTierTobis SedarebiT mcirexniani gamocdileba aqvT; evrokavSiris Zveli wevrebi ki amgvar sakiTxebze nakleb amaxvileben yuradRebas. magali-Tad, evrokavSirSi Sesvla momentalurad `metad evropelad~

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gadaqcevad aRiqmeboda axalgazrda polonelebis mierac (Moes, 2009).

msgavsi tendencia gamoikveTa qarTvel respondentebTanac, romelTac evrointegraciis uSualo Sedegad, sxva sikeTeebTan erTad, genderuli stereotipebis msxvreva da qalebis sazoga-doebriv asparezze gamosvla esaxebaT:

`ratomRac qarTvelebs gviyvars stereotipis Seqmna _ qa-rTveli kaci da qarTveli qali. ai, rogori unda iyos qarTve-li _ maRali, didi, kai puris mWameli, sofeli unda qondes aucileblad, yanwi didi da samsaxuric kai unda qondes, da qali lamazi kuxnaSi unda iyos. aseTi stereotipi gvaqvs da stereo-tipi sadac arsebobs, imis damsxvrevis SiSi gvaqvs. ai, evropaSi Tu SevalT, is qali gamova kuxnidan~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

diskusantebi saqarTvelos evrokavSirTan daaxloebas tol-erantobis, agreTve sityvisa da gamoxatvis Tavisuflebis zr-dasTan akavSireben, Sesabamisad, umciresobebis uflebebis dacvasTanac.

`ufro tolerantulebi gavxdebiT, rac ufro davukavSird-ebiT evropas~ (mdedr., 41-65, zugdidi).

`is aqcia (homofobiis sawinaaRmdego) im wels Catarda, rodesac evropasTan asocirebas movawereT xeli. anu am ada-mianebs, am sazogadoebas imedi hqondaT, rom radgan xeli mow-erilia, ar Seexebodnen; manamde eSinodaT, rom daarbevdnen. Sesabamisad, parafirebam kargic moitana, ar yofila mxolod haerze xelis mowera: am pirebs gauCndaT gancda, rom daculebi iyvnen. anu asocirebis xelSekrulebis xelmoweris Semdeg ada-mianebs gauCndaT gancda, rom maT arakonformistul da mar-ginalur azrsac SeiZleba arsebobis ufleba hqondes~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

amasTan, evrointegraciis Tanmdev efeqtad qveyanaSi de-mokratiuli institutebis gaZliereba da SromiTi uflebebis mowesrigeba ganixileba.

`dRes Sromis kodeqsi saqarTveloSi ar arsebobs. arsebobs, magram is ar aris is Sromis kodeqsi, romelic unda iyos qveya-

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naSi. [evrointegraciis Sedegad] demokratiuli institutebi ganviTardeba saqarTveloSi, rac aseve Zalian mniSvnelovania~ (mamr., 18-25, Telavi).

`ufrosis da xelqveiTis urTierToba, Tundac profkav-Sirebi maRal doneze aqvT ayvanili. RmerTma qnas, rom eg dro movides Cven qveyanaSi~ (mamr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

adamianis uflebebTan dakavSirdebuli sikeTeebis garda, monawileebi evropeizacias samoqalaqo cnobierebis gaZliere-basa da wesrigze orientirebuli moqalaqeebis Camoyalibeba-sac ukavSireben.

`vviTardebiT da vayalibebT wesebs, rom ufro mowesrigeb-ulad viyoT yvela kuTxiT. Tundac, rac transportze vTqviT, manqanebis gadaadgileba, an nagvis gadayris mowesrigeba~ (md-edr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

b) evropeizaciis negatiuri gavlena qarTul Rirebulebebze

evropeizaciis negatiur gavlenaSi diskusantebi, umetesad, qarTuli Rirebulebebis im dasavluri RirebulebebiT Canacv-lebas moiazreben, romlebic qarTuli sazogadoebisTvis nakleb misaRebia. am poziciis matarebelni, gansakuTrebiT ufrosi Tao-bis warmomadgenlebi, romlebic sakmaod mtkivneulad aRiqvamen axal garemoSi resocializacias, saubroben rogorc qarTuli tradiciebis gaqrobis, ise qarTuli enis daviwyebis safrTxeze.

`viRebT axal raRaceebs da viviwyebT, rac aris qarTuli da erovnuli. gadavdivarT imaze, rac evrostandartebiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli~ (mdedr., 18-25, gori).

`vici, rom maTi ena da wesebi unda viswavloT. Cveni qarTuli tradicia marTlac rom nel-nela iSleba, Tundac mama-papuri araferi aRar mniSvnelobs, vmcirdebiT da vRaribdebiT. me ra-tom unda daviviwyo qarTuli, rodesac 1978 wels amaze mTeli ambavi iyo? eseni am asakSi gvTxoven inglisuris da kompiuter-is swavlas. amas Cven ar varT SeCveulebi. me Cemi tradicia da qarTuli sityva minda, Cemi tradicia, Cemi lamazi qorwili, sa-dRegrZelo~ (mdedr., 41-65, baTumi).

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fokus jgufis monawileebi aRniSnaven, rom qarTuli tradiciebi da Rirebulebebi swored is sferoa, sadac evro-kavSirma qarTvelebTan mimarTebaSi damTmobi pozicia unda gamoiCinos.

`Cven sxvanairi tradiciebis qveyana varT da evrokavSirs kidev sxva tradiciebi aqvs, romelic CvenTvis miuRebelia. unda daTmos evrokavSirma raRac-raRaceebi maTi mxridan da Cvenc unda davTmoT raRaceebi, rom moxdes Serwyma~ (mdedr., 26-40, quTaisi).

`ramdeni davaleba mogvces, yvelafers exeba, tradiciebi arc erT davalebaSi ar Cndeba, rom Cveni mentaliteti unda gaiTvaliswinon. es yvelaferi iSleba. amitom vfiqrob, rom maT undaT waSalon, Cvens tvinSi rac aris da mere gavxdebiT evropelebi; amitom mgonia, rom ar varT maTTvis axloblebi~ (mdedr., 41-65, Tbilisi).

sainteresoa, rom evropeizaciis konteqstSi, sakuTari identobisa da tradiciebis gamorCeulad~ aRqma sxva qveynebis magaliTzec gvxvdeba. amis dadasturebad polonelebis da ru-minelebis politikuri da popularuli diskursebic gamodgeba evrokavSirSi gawevrianebis win, sadac xazgasmulia am qveynebis gansakuTrebuloba da evrokavSiris mxridan maTTan mTel rig daTmobebze wasvlis aucilebloba (Tsuladze, 2013).

Rirebulebebisa da tradiciebis WrilSi, qarTveli monawilee-bis umravlesobisTvis yvelaze mtkivneuli lgbt TemTan dakav-Sirebuli sakiTxebia. miuxedavad imisa, rom zogierTma respon-dentma evropeizaciis pozitiur mxared tolerantobis zrda da umciresobebis uflebebis dacva daasaxela, evrointegraci-is kvaldakval, lgbt adamianebis momravlebis safrTxes mainc xedavs. diskusantebs safrTxed esaxebaT rogorc e.w. gei aR-lumebis mowyobis SesaZlebloba saqarTveloSi, aseve homoseq-sualuri qorwineba. miuxedavad imisa, rom am tipis qorwineba am-Jamad dakanonebuli ar aris, gamoiTqva SiSi, rom momavali Tao-bisTvis misaRebi iqneba rogorc Tavad homoseqsualebi, aseve homoseqsualuri qorwinebac. am mxriv, evrokavSiris mxridan iZulebad aRiqmeba saqarTveloSi antidiskriminaciuli kanonis miReba, rac samive Taobis monawileTa diskursSi gamoikveTa.

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`magaliTad, kanoni rom miiRes umciresobebis Sesaxeb, sru-li informacia ar maqvs amaze. modiT, evropam migviRos iseTi, Cven rogorebic varT~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`sul ar mWirdeba, Cemi 17 wlis bavSvma ase aqtiurad mois-minos es Temebi (seqsualur umciresobasTan dakavSirebiT). iyos is ise, rogorc iyo aqamde, rogorc movediT am etapamde. Cveni qveyana ase aqtiurad ar apiarebda aseT sakiTxebs da arc regulaciebi dawesebula am kuTxiT. iseT qveynebs gadavurCiT, pirdaRebul vampirebs, magram movediT zustad im qarTvelo-bis SenarCunebiT, im sarwmunoebaze dafuZnebiT da im ojaxuri tradiciebis gaTvaliswinebiT, da me minda, rom es ese iyos da ar minda aranairad, amaSi rame sanqcias miwesebdes evrokavSi-ri~ (mdedr., 26-40, quTaisi).

marTalia, fokus jgufebSi sawinaaRmdego argumentebic ga-JRerda imis Taobaze, ramdenad SeiZleba lgbt Temi safrTxes warmoadgendes qarTuli identobisTvis, magram es TavdacviTi tipis argumentebic adasturebs, rom zemoxsenebuli sakiTxi respondentebisTvis sakmaod sensitiuria. is monawileebi, rom-lebic lgbt Temis gaZlierebaze pasuxismgeblobas evrokav-Sirs ar miaweren, sakuTar mosazrebas Semdegi argumentebiT amyareben: evrokavSiri ar aiZulebs saqarTvelos homoseqsu-aluri qorwinebis dakanonebas, radgan is evrokavSiris qvey-nebis did nawilSic ki araa dakanonebuli da mas Tavad evro-kavSiris mosaxleobac ewinaaRmdegeba; homoseqsuali adamian-ebi saqarTveloSi evrokavSiris Carevis gareSec gaaqtiurdnen; evrokavSiris pozitiuri Rirebulebebi gadawonis negatiurs, Tundac mas lgbt adamianebis momravlebasTan hqondes kavSiri. sagulisxmoa, rom msgavsi damokidebuleba, umetesad, axalgaz-rda respondentebTan vlindeba da Zalian hgavs gamokiTxuli elitebis Sexedulebebs mocemuli sakiTxis Sesaxeb. TiTqos, eqspertebi da politikosebic TavdacviT poziciaSi dgebian da cdiloben, xazi gausvan, rom aratradiciuli qorwinebis dakanoneba dRis wesrigSi sulac ar dgas, aramed mxolod Za-ladobisa da diskriminaciisgan dacvas exeba saqme. amasTan, isinic iSvelieben arguments, rom Tavad evrokavSiris qveyneb-Sic ki ar aris erTsulovneba homoseqsualur qorwinebasTan

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dakavSirebiT da mosaxleobis nebis gauTvaliswineblad aseTi sakiTxebis gadawyveta arsad xdeba.

`Zalian bevri miTia da evrokavSirze damaxinjebuli in-formacia arsebobs. Zalian bevri adamiani fiqrobs, rom evro-kavSirSi gawevrianeba aseve gulisxmobs Cvens sazogadoebaSi seqsualuri umciresobebis gamravlebas, maT propagandas, erTsqesianTa qorwinebis dakanonebas da a.S. rac mase ar aris, ubralod evrokavSiri moiTxovs, rom iyos adamianis uflebebi daculi. adamianad ki igulisxmeba yvela, vinc daibada da Rmer-Tis mier moevlina dedamiwas, da sqess, religias da eTnikur warmomavlobas mniSvneloba ara aqvs~ (mdedr., 18-25, Telavi).

`evropa xSirad asocirdeba garyvnilebis budesTan. Tundac erTsqesiani qorwineba evropis Zalian bevr qveyanaSi ar aris daSvebuli, es informaciis naklebobis bralia. Tu vinmes hgo-nia, rom evropa am kanonis miRebas dagvaZalebs, es ase araa. ev-ropis bevr qveyanaSi ar aris es dakanonebuli. bevr qarTvels hgonia, rom rodesac evrokavSirSi gavwevriandebiT, erTsqe-sianTa qorwineba dakanondeba. Tu sxva saxelmwifoSi ar aris, CvenTan ratom dakanondeba?~ (mdedr., 18-25, gori).

miCneulia, rom mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebaze pa-suxismgebeli xelisuflebaa, romelmac evrokavSiris Sesaxeb adekvaturi informacia unda gaavrcelos da xalxs evropuli Rirebulebebi gaacnos. ufro metic, xelisufleba pirdapir dadanaSaulebulia umoqmedobaSi, rac evrokavSiris Sesaxeb mcdari warmodgenebis gavrcelebas uwyobs xels.

`es aris ucodinrobis brali. xelisuflebam unda gaakeTos raRac, rom xalxs gaacnos evropuli Rirebulebebi. mxolod erTsqesiani qorwineba ar aris evropa. yvela fiqrobs, rom ev-ropaSi SevalT da daiSveba erTsqesiani qorwineba~ (mamr., 18-25, gori).

lgbt Temis xilvadobasTan erTad, saqarTvelos evroin-tegracia, zogadad, seqsualuri Tavisuflebis zrdasTan aso-cirdeba, rac aseve safrTxed aRiqmeba. diskusantebs aSinebT perspeqtiva, rom TandaTan qalebisTvis qorwinebamde seqsi so-cialurad dasaSvebi, seqsualuri urTierTobebi ki _ ufro Ria

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xdeba. amasTan, problemurad aRiqmeba skolebSi seqsualuri ganaTlebis sagnis Setanac. es yovelive, xSir SemTxvevaSi, re-ligiasTan winaaRmdegobrivad ganixileba.

`me yvelaze metad amis meSinia evrokavSirTan integraci-isas, Cveni tradiciebi TandaTan daikargeba. qorwilamde seqsi, erTsqesianTa qorwineba, es xom Cvens religiaSi ar jdeba. ma-gram ase mgonia, rom droTa ganmavlobaSi daikargeba~ (mdedr., 41-65, gori).

`bavSvis seqsualuri aRzrda, aseTi sagnis damateba ganix-ileba saSualo skolebSi. post faqtum ar unda gaigos xalxma, rom es sagani modis. me vfiqrob, rom evrokavSiri amasTan aris kavSirSi, an mimbaZvelobaa. Tu saqarTvelos unda, rom Tavisi adgili ar dakargos, evropa raRac kompromisebamde unda mi-vides, daTmobaze wavides qarTvel xalxTan. naxon, rogor mt-kiced vidgebiT Cveni moTxovnebiT, Tundac ganaTlebis da Tun-dac erTsqesianTa qorwinebis mxriv~ (mdedr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

respondentebis nawili Tvlis, rom Tavisufali seqsualuri urTierTobebis popularizaciasTan erTad, evropis gavleniT qarTvelebisTvis miuRebeli imiji mkvidrdeba, magaliTad, say-uriani mamakacebi, rac, iribad, aseve lgbt TemTan asocird-eba. amasTan, aRiniSna, rom qarTvelebs ar uxdebaT im subkul-turebis imijis morgeba, romlebic evropaSi arsebobs da esTe-tikurad aRiqmeba.

`rodesac qarTveli sayures gaikeTebs da iseTi tansacmliT dadis, romelic ar Seefereba, kacebi varT da am kacurSi ar jdeba. vinmes mogwonT, rodesac kacs sayure ukeTia?~ (mamr., 26-40, baTumi).

`tradiciebsac Seeqmneba safrTxe. axalgazrdebi imas ita-ceben yvelaze martivad, rac uaryofiTia. viRac mere if-iqrebs, oRond Svilma colad kaci ar moiyvanos da rac ginda, iyoso. ai, magaliTad, 20 wlis win, warmodgenac ar mqonda, rom qarTveli kaci sayuriT ivlida, magram axla modaSia da dadian Cveulebrivad~ (mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

vizualuri mxaris garda, monawileebma, zogadad, evropuli

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Rirebulebebis damaxinjebulad gadmotanazec gaakeTes aq-centi. aq sakmaod ambivalenturi xedva vlindeba: erTi mxriv, qarTuli Rirebulebebis SenarCunebis gzad swored maTi evro-pulTan Tanaarseboba da Serwyma miiCneva, meore mxriv, msgavsi tipis brikolaJi evropuli Rirebulebebis damaxinjebulad gadmotanis mTavar mizezad aRiqmeba (Tsuladze, Forthcoming).

`yvelaferi kargi unda gadmoviRoT da ara cudi da movargoT Cvens Rirebulebebs. es ar niSnavs imas, rom gaviTqvi-foT ise, rom Cven Cveni saxe da TviTmyofadoba davkargoT~ (mdedr., 26-40, Telavi).

`ar momwons axalgazrdebis erTmaneTTan urTierToba, ax-algazrdebi ufro protestis gamomxatvelebi arian, Cacmu-loba... aris raRaceebi, rasac evropisgan arasworad iReben. isini sxva mentalitetis xalxi arian, Cven _ sxva. aq Cans cudad, iq _ ara~ (mdedr., 26-40, gori).

fokus jgufebis monawileebi, romlebic evrointegracia-Si erovnuli identobis dakargvis safrTxes xedaven, pirobi-Tad or jgufad SeiZleba davyoT: SedarebiT `optimisturad ganwyobilebi~ miiCneven, rom, Tu qarTvelebi momaval Tao-bebs tradiciebis safuZvelze aRzrdian, qarTul identobas gadagvareba ar emuqreba.

`me Cems Svils vaswavli imas, riTac me var gazrdili. me Tu am Cems tradicias vafaseb, Cems Svilsac imas gadavcem, rasac vTvli, rom kargia. viRaca rogor fiqrobs, amas CemTvis didi mniSvneloba ar eqneba Cemi Svilis aRzrdaSi. Taobebi imaze iz-rdeba, razec Sen xar aRzrdili da ratom unda iqonios gavlena evropasTan urTierTobam, pirobiTad, Cemi Svilis aRzrdaSi, ver vxvdebi~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

Tumca, amis sapirispirod, `pesimisturad ganwyobili~ re-spondentebi acxadeben, rom maSinac ki, Tu am etapze qarTuli Rirebulebebi SenarCunebuli iqneba, momavali Taobebi mas ve-Rar SeinarCuneben da TandaTan mentalobac Seicvleba, ker-Zod, daikargeba stumarmaspinZlobis tradicia, dakanondeba homoseqsualuri qorwineba, Sesustdeba axalgazrdebis mier ufrosebis pativiscema da sxv. aRsaniSnavia, rom msgavsi Sexed-

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ulebebis matarebelni mxolod ufrosi Taobis warmomadgen-lebi ki ar arian, aramed 18-25 wlis axalgazrdebic. marTalia, kvlevebi aCvenebs, rom informaciis xelmisawvdomobis gamo, ax-algazrdebi metad proevropulebi arian, vidre ufrosi Tao-bis warmomadgenlebi (Moes 2009), magram Tavad axalgazrdebsac ki, SesaZloa, swored sabWoTa periodis informaciuli izola-cia esaxebodeT dasavluri `garyvnilebisagan~ Tavdacvis saSu-alebad.

àxla 5-6 Taobaa sul darCenili, vinc icis zustad, ra aris qarTveloba. kia rTuli axla, ase, ori sityviT vTqva, ra aris, magram ideali mainc xoa TavSi, da gava 10-15 weli da axal Tao-bas es idealic ar ecodineba. me rom Svili meyoleba da is mety-vis _ mama, mezobelma coli moiyvana da es coli biWi aRmoCnde-ba, es yvelaferi ar iqneba ucxo, iqneba bunebrivi sruliad. Sei-Zleba me ar mindodes, rom Cemma Svilma raRac gaigos, magram me awi amis SesaZlebloba ar meqneba. sabWoTa dros ar gvqonda imis SesaZlebloba, rom gagvego, sxvagan ra xdeboda, versad mivdiodiT, axali nacnobebis viwro wre iyo. dRes ki aTasobiT kilometrSi ra xdeba, imis naxvaa SesaZlebeli; yvelgan SeiZle-ba gyavdes megobari da awi rTuli iqneba, daajero bavSvi, rom, magaliTad, deidaSvili ar unda Seiyvaros [...] arc stumars gau-maspinZldeba, arc araferi. verc gamoketav im Svils da verc veraferi. rom gamoketav, adgeba da ZaladobisTvis giCivlebs, ai es iqneba~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

àra, ki ar mogvTxoven (tradiciebis Secvlas), magram Cven rom davicavT Cven tradiciebs, Cven irgvliv Seiqmneba iseTi garemo, rom Cven Svilebs da SviliSvilebs daaviwydebaT, war-sulSi ra iyo. momavali Taoba sxva wesebs daicavs~ (mdedr., 18-25, zugdidi).

rogorc aRiniSna, mocemuli sakiTxis Sefasebisas asako-brivi niSniT gansxvavebebi nakleb gamovlinda, magram mainc xazi gaesva, rom, mTlianobaSi, ufrosi asakis adamianebi metad moelian qarTuli tradiciebis dakargvis safrTxes, vidre ax-algazrdebi.

àsakian da Zalian asakian xalxs ar unda evrokavSirSi,

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radgan fiqroben, rom Semova yursakidiani xalxi da maT ki Zveli tradiciebi Semonaxuli aqvT. axalgazrdebs undaT, rom SevideT evrokavSirSi da gavxdeT evropelebi. magram piradad me ar daviviwyeb Cems tradiciebs da ise gavzrdi Cems Svilebs, rogorc me vizrdebodi.~ (mdedr., 26-40, baTumi).

sagulisxmoa, rom asakobrivi niSniT arsebiT sxvaobas arc raodenobrivi monacemebi aCvenebs: evrokavSirSi gawevrianebas sxvadasxva asakis respondentTa daaxloebiT Tanabari raode-noba miesalmeba; aseve, daaxloebiT Tanabari raodenoba miiC-nevs evrokavSirs safrTxed qarTuli tradiciebisTvis (CRRC, 2015).

g) evropeizacia qarTul Rirebulebebze gavlenas ver moaxdens

Tu fokus jgufebis monawileTa didi nawili fiqrobs, rom evropeizacia raime saxis, pozitiur an negatiur, gavlenas axdens qarTul Rirebulebebze, alternatiuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, msgavsi argumenti safuZvels moklebulia, radgan araviTari gavlena ar SeiniSneba. Sexedulebebi aqac imis mixed-viT dajgufda, evropuli Rirebulebebi pozitiurad miiCneva Tu erovnuli identobisTvis safrTxis matareblad.

erTi diskursis Tanaxmad, evropeizacia ver gamoiwvevs upi-ratesi, samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis damkvirdebas saqarTvelo-Si, Tu Tavad qarTvelebma ar moindomes cvlilebebis ganxor-cieleba, kerZod, Tu ar mogvardeba sagzao moZraoba, moqa-laqeebi ar Sewyveten quCaSi nagvis dayras da a.S. amisTvis ki aucilebel pirobad ganaTlebis donis amaRleba da momaval TaobebSi samoqalaqo cnobierebis ganviTareba miiCneva.

`problemaa ganaTleba, axalgazrdebis did nawils hgonia, rom evropasTan integraciis Semdeg bevr plans moweven. bevri megobari myavs, romelsac muSaoba ezareba. yovelma Cvenganma unda vimuSaoT Cvens Tavze, yvela moqalaqem unda imuSaos sa-kuTar Tavze. ar daagdos sigaretis namwvavi quCaSi, moxucs adgili dauTmos, iyos Tavaziani, uyvardes Tavisi TanamSrom-eli. yvelam rom izrunos sakuTari Tavis ganviTarebaze, eri TavisTavad wava win~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

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aRsaniSnavia, rom, Tu, erTi mxriv, socializaciis tradici-uli modeli evropuli Rirebulebebis gavrcelebisgan Tav-dacvisa da qarTulis SenarCunebis gzad gvevlineba, meore mxriv, miCneulia, rom is sulac ar modis winaaRmdegobaSi evropul RirebulebebTan, aramed maTi aTvisebisa da damkvi-drebis sawindaria. amasTan, isic aRiniSna, rom evrokavSirisT-vis mniSvnelovania mxolod adamianis uflebebis dacva da sulac ar moiTxovs saqarTvelosgan Rirebulebebis Secvlas an tradiciebis daTmobas. metic, erT-erTi wamyvani diskur-sis Tanaxmad, evrokavSirSi Tavadac ufrTxildebian sakuTar tradiciebs da qarTvelebsac amisken mouwodeben; Sesabam-isad, evropelebi sixaruliT miiReben qarTul kulturasa da tradiciebs.

`gana evropelebi ar fiqroben sakuTar tradiciebze da Ri-rebulebebze? gana marto Cven vdardobT Cven Rirebulebebze? amaswin germaneli stumari myavda, romelic miyveboda, rom Cven axla bevrs vfiqrobT tradiciebis SenarCunebaze, maT aR-dgenazeo. iqac aris tradiciebi, kuTxeebis mixedviT iyofa da araa ise, rom mxolod Cven vdardobT tradiciebze~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

`me mxolod pozitiuri asociaciebi maqvs [evropasTan]. met-ic, ara mgonia, rom is, rac evropisTvisaa mTavari _ adamianis uflebebi da Tavisufleba, avaldebulebdes vinmes, rom dag-mos sakuTari tradiciebi an identoba; ara mgonia, rom evropa Tavs mogvaxvevs raRacis dagmobas~ (mdedr., 26-40, zugdidi).

sxva respondentebis azriT, qarTuli identoba imdenad Zlieria, rom misi warTmeva SeuZlebelia. am SemTxvevaSi, re-spondentebma paraleli gaavles sabWoTa kavSiris periodTan da aRniSnes, rom, Tu sabWoTa reJimma ver Secvala qarTvelebis erovnuli da, gansakuTrebiT, religiuri identoba, verc evro-integraciis Sedegad moxdeba misi cvlileba.

`ki, amboben bevrs, rom gavwevriandebiT evrokavSirSi da tradiciebi Seicvleba, eklesias raRac daemuqreba, mentalo-bas gadaSeneba emuqreba da a.S. 1970-ian, 80-ian, igive 90-ian wleb-Si saqarTvelo iyo sabWoTa kavSiris Semadgeneli nawili. maSin

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komunistebi ambobdnen, rom RmerTi ar arsebobs da eklesiaSi ar unda evlo xalxs; aRdgomas kvercxi rom SeeRebaT, xelebs umowmednen bavSvebs, xelebi xom ar hqondaT wiTeli da ai, maSin Tu ar daviviwyeT tradiciebi, maSin ar vTqviT uari religiaze da eklesiaze, axla ra unda moxdes?~ (mamr.,18-25, zugdidi).

`is azri, rom qarTveloba waiSleba, sruliad araadekva-turia. Tu qarTveli xar mowodebiT, suliT, ojaxiT, sul ase iqnebi, sadac ar unda iyo~ (mamr., 26-40, baTumi).

respondentTa nawili fiqrobs, rom imTaviTve bundovania, ra igulisxmeba tradiciaSi: SesaZloa, tradicias sxvadasxva kono-tacia hqondes; amasTan, SeuZlebelia visaubroT erTian qarTul tradiciebze; Sesabamisad, aseve SeuZlebelia evropeizaciam am mxriv raime safrTxe moitanos. msgavs arguments `gamogonili tradiciis~ cnebasTan mivyavarT, rac imas gulisxmobs, rom tradiciebi, romlebic uxsovari droidan moyolebuli gvgonia, sinamdvileSi SeiZleba mxolod erTi saukunis win iyos gamogo-nili. tradiciebis amgvari gamogoneba konkretuli drois Tu situaciis saWiroebebidan gamomdinareobs da, ganmeorebadi qmedebiT, garkveuli normebisa da Rirebulebebis ganmtkice-bas emsaxureba. amasTan, aseTi praqtikebi gansakuTrebiT xSiria, roca swrafi transformacia sazogadoebas asustebs da aRiare-bul socialur normebs eWvqveS ayenebs (Hobsbawm, Ranger, 1983). es ki, Tavis mxriv, bundovansa da sadavos xdis Tavad tradiciis cnebas, rac fokus jgufebis monawileebmac aRniSnes.

`tradiciebs yvela Taviseburad gebulobs. vin ras gu-lisxmobs tradiciebSi da me ras vTvli tradiciad, es sxvaa. individualuria da sul vxumrob am sityvaze _ ,qarTvelobas wamarTmeven.’ ras niSnavs wamarTmeven? rogor unda wamarT-van?~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

sxvebi fiqroben, rom qarTuli Rirebulebebis cvlileba mx-olod evropis gavlenaze ar aris damokidebuli. erTi mxriv, droTa ganmavlobaSi, Rirebulebebi isedac icvleba da saqarTve-lo ver iqneba gare procesebisgan mowyvetili. meore mxriv, Tavad saqarTvelosTvis ar aris ucxo garkveuli tendenciebi, romelT-ac dRes evropulad miiCneven. am SemTxvevaSi, gansakuTrebuli aq-centi seqsualur Tavisuflebaze keTdeba, romelTan dakavSire-biTac diskusantebma wawlobis tradicia gaixsenes.

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`rogor aris amasTan qarTuli tradicia? filmSi ,xevsuru-li balada’ gadmoreke ciknebio, me Sens wawal viqnebio. gauTx-ovari qali eubneba ucolo kacs, colian kacs. ai, ras niSnavs wawloba~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

`is cudia, es cudia. da Sen vin xar iseTi, rom marto Seni wesebi iyos?! iq biZaSvilio, iq deidaSvili colado... maSin avdgeT, aRvmarToT didi kedeli da aRar vikontaqtoT ara-visTan. Tu evropa ar gvinda, maSin wavideT marsze da viyoT iq marto!~ (mamr., 18-25, zugdidi).

amdenad, fokus jgufebis monawileTa diskursebSi sakmaod ambivalenturi Sexedulebebi gamovlinda: erTi mxriv, evro-peizaciis process seqsualuri Tavisufleba moaqvs, rac qa-rTvelebisTvis miuRebelia, meore mxriv ki, qarTvelebisTvis seqsualuri Tavisufleba ucxo araa; erTi mxriv, evropeizacia qarTul sazogadoebaSi tolerantobis damkvidrebas ubiZgebs, meore mxriv ki _ qarTuli sazogadoeba imTaviTve toleran-tulia; erTi mxriv, evropeizacia qarTul tradiciebsa da Ri-rebulebebs emuqreba, meore mxriv ki, maT dacvasa da Senar-Cunebas, agreTve samoqalaqo Rirebulebebis gaZlierebas uwy-obs xels. aRsaniSnavia, rom fokus jgufebis monacemebi imave Temebze Catarebuli raodenobrivi kvlevebis monacemebs (ISSP 2013, CRRC 2015) exmianeba da, garkveulwilad, xsnis kidec maTSi gamovlenil winaaRmdegobebs.

qarTuli eklesiis damokidebuleba evropeizaciis mimarT

udavoa, rom mosaxleobis mier evropeizaciis xedvaze udides gavlenas axdenen is socialuri institutebi da aq-torebi, romlebic sazogadoebaSi maRali ndobiTa da repu-taciiT sargebloben (Lynggaard, 2011). raodenobrivi kvlevebis Tanaxmad, saqarTveloSi arsebuli socialuri da politikuri institutebidan yvelaze maRali ndobiT marTlmadidebluri eklesia sargeblobs, romelsac mosaxleobis 84% endoba da rac yvelaze maRali maCveneblia CamoTvlil 15 socialur da politikur instituts Soris (CRRC, 2015). Sesabamisad, misi

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diskursi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs mosaxleobis mier evro-integraciisa da misi Tanmdevi evropeizaciis procesis xedvas. eklesiis msgavsi gavlena gamovlinda aRmosavleT da central-uri evropis sxvadasxva qveyanaSi. magaliTad, poloneTis Sem-TxvevaSi, ioane pavle meoris diskursma gadamwyveti gavlena iqonia mosaxleobis proevropul ganwyobebze (Surwillo, 2010, 1511). Tumca, SesaZloa eklesiis diskursma mosaxleobaSi an-tievropuli sentimentebic gaaRvivos imiT, rom evropeizaciis procesi erovnuli identobisa da RirebulebebisTvis safrTx-is matareblad warmoaCinos. amdenad, sainteresoa saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis, rogorc gavleniani socialuri aqtoris, rolis Seswavla qveynis evropeizaciis procesSi.

eqspertebisa da politikosebis interviuebidan SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom eqspertebi sakmaod Riad saubroben eklesiis rolze qveynis evropeizaciis procesSi, Tumca politikosebi, romlebic eleqtoratis arCevanze arian damokidebulni, ekle-siis maRali reputaciidan gamomdinare, umetesad, Tavs ikaveben evrointegraciis procesSi eklesiis rolis Sefasebisgan. ekle-siis Zlier gavlenas rogorc mosaxleobaze, ise politikosebze, arc Tavad evrokavSiri ugulebelyofs, rac vlindeba kidec evrokavSiris delegaciis oficialur vizitebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarq ilia II-esTan. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, mas-Tan Sexvedrebi gamarTes evropis gafarToebisa da samezoblo politikis komisarebma Stefan fulem da iohanes hanma. aRniS-nuli Sexvedrebi kidev erTi dadasturebaa saqarTvelos evro-peizaciis procesSi marTlmadidebluri eklesiis rolis aRi-arebisa, romelsac ara mxolod Sida aqtorebi (Tundac poli-tikosebi) miiCneven mniSvnelovnad, aramed Tavad evrokavSiric.

evropeizaciis procesSi eklesiis rolis kvleva mocemuli proeqtis mizans ar warmoadgenda, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom Tavad ilia II-is diskursi evrokavSiris warmomadgenlebTan Sexedrisas gamoxatulad proevropulia:

`eklesia yvelafers gaakeTebs imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelo evrokavSiris wevri gaxdes~ (ilia II, 5 marti, 2014, civil.ge).

miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTaSoriso scenaze, eklesiis ofi-cialuri diskursi evropeizaciasTan dakavSirebiT pozitiuria,

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eklesiis damokidebuleba e.w. evropuli Rirebulebebis~ mimarT sakmaod konservatulia. es gansakuTrebiT iseT sakiTxebs exeba, rogoricaa antidiskriminaciuli kanoni, lgbt uflebebi, xe-lovnuri ganayofiereba, surogacia da sxv. erTi mxriv, marTl-madidebluri eklesiis oficialuri diskursi prodasavluria evrokavSiris warmomadgenlebTan Sexvedrisas, meore mxriv ki, TvalsaCinoa mis mier dasavluri cxovrebis wesis kritika da saqarTveloSi arsebuli konservatuli aqtorebis mxardaWera (16.05.2016, on.ge). rogorc aRiniSna, eklesiis mier Sida da gare aqtorebze mimarTul oficialur diskursebs Soris msgavsi sx-vaoba saberZneTis SemTxvevaSic TvalsaCinoa: Sida auditori-isTvis gankuTvnil gancxadebebSi patriarqi qristoduli aq-tiurad saubrobda evropis, rogorc moraluri degradirebis safrTxeze, xolo gare aqtorebisTvis gankuTvnil oficialur gancxadebebSi _ evropis kritikas erideboda (Sakellariou, 2012). saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesiis diskursis zogadi mimoxilvac ki sakmarisia berZnul da qarTul marTlmadide-blur eklesiebs Soris msgavsebis dasanaxad: gare scenisTvis gankuTvnili oficialuri diskursi proevropulia da, Sesabam-isad, TanxvedraSia qveynis sagareo politikis xedvasTan, xolo Sida scenisTvis gankuTvnili diskursi negatiurad afasebs ev-ropul Rirebulebebsa Tu praqtikebs.

sainteresoa, rogor afasebs uSualod mosaxleoba eklesiis diskursis msgavs cvalebadobas, an ramdenad axdens aRniSnuli gavlenas mosaxleobis proevropul ganwyobebze. aRmoCnda, rom diskursis msgavsi cvalebadoba mosaxleobis xedvazec axdens gavlenas. evrointegraciis mimarT saqarTvelos marTlmadide-bluri eklesiis damokidebuleba sxvadasxvagvarad Sefasda fokus jgufebis monawileTa mier: Tu erTi mosazrebiT, qarTu-li eklesia evrointegraciis momxred miiCneva, meoris Tanaxmad, is am procesis erT-erTi mTavari mowinaaRmdege institutia.

im monawileebs, romlebic Tvlian, rom eklesia evrointe-gracias mxars uWers, argumentad, erTi mxriv, evrokavSiris warmomadgenlebTan partiarqis Sexvedrebi moaqvT; meore mxriv ki, uwindeli qarTveli patriarqebis evropasTan kavSirze da proevropul damokidebulebebze miuTiTeben.

`patriarqi fiqrobs, rom saWiroa [evrointegracia]. ekle-

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sia fiqrobs, rom Cveni qveynisTvis aucilebelia evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba~ (mdedr., 18-25, baTumi).

`me mgoni, dadebiTi damokidebuleba aqvs eklesias evro-integraciis mimarT. cota xnis win Sexvda patriarqi evrokav-Siris romeliRac warmomadgenels da amaze hqondaT saubari, rom evrokavSiri marto es (erTsqesiani qorwineba) ar aris~ (mdedr., 26-40, Tbilisi).

`CemTvis yvelaze didi avtoriteti iyo ambrosi xelaia da kalistrate cincaZe [saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqebi sabWoTa reJimis adreul periodSi]. am xalxma miiRo ganaTleba evropaSi, germaniaSi da, faqtobrivad, am xalxma moaxdina im-droindel sabWoTa kavSirSi arsebuli eklesiis modernizacia~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

alternatiuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, qarTuli eklesia ev-rointegraciis mimarT sakmaod negatiuradaa ganwyobili. imis miuxedavad, monawileebi religiur dogmebs eTanxmebian Tu emijnebian, dapirispirebis mTavar mizezad religiasTan Seu-Tavsebeli evropuli Rirebulebebi saxeldeba, magaliTad, gen-derul TanasworobasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi. xazi gaesva, rom am kuTxiT patriarqis qadagebebSic xSirad gvxvdeba evro-pul RirebulebebTan SeuTavsebeli mosazrebebi. monawileebis azriT, eklesiis warmomadgenelTa mniSvnelovani nawilisTvis evrointegracia lgbt Temis gaZlierebasTan asocirdeba, ris gamoc samRvdeloeba ewinaaRmdegeboda kidec antidiskrimi-naciuli kanonis miRebas. es winaaRmdegoba naTlad gamoCnda 2013 wlis 17 maiss gamarTul aqciaze, rodesac `agresiulma brbom~, samRvdeloebis xelmZRvanelobiT, homofobiis winaaRm-deg mimarTuli aqcia CaSala (radio Tavisufleba, 17.05.2013).

RirebulebebTan dakavSirebuli dapirispirebis garda, eklesiis winaaRmdegobis erT-erT mizezad evrointegraciis sakiTxebze misi naklebi informirebulobac dasaxelda. msgav-si kritikuli mosazrebebi, umetesad, axalgazrda, gansakuTre-biT 18-25 wlis, respondentebma gamoxates. aRsaniSnavia, rom mosaxleobis mosazrebebi eklesiis SigniT informirebulobis naklebobisa da rusuli propagandis Zlieri gavlenis Sesaxeb, ris gamoc eklesiis warmomadgenlebi evropul Rirebulebebs

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safrTxed aRiqvamen, kvlevaSi monawile eqpertebis Sefasebebs emTxveva.

`patriarqi ambobs, rom qalebma ar unda imuSavon da Svile-bi unda gazardon. am adamians Zalian didi reitingi aqvs. Sesa-bamisad, mosaxleobis 90% miaCnia, rom misi sityvebi marTalia. amitom qalebis umravlesobam SeiZleba ifiqros, rom jobia saxlSi dajdes da Svils mixedos. ar ainteresebs evropa da ga-naTleba~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

`sapatriarqos zustad erTsqesianTa qorwinebis da-kanonebis SiSi aqvs da raRac nawili SeiZleba xelsac uSlis mag evrointegracias. safrTxe ar momdinareobs, magram isini aRiq-vamen safrTxed~ (mdedr., 18-25, Telavi).

`Cipian pasportebze erTi ambavi atexes, satanisturiao. aris samRvdeloebis nawili, romelic evropasTan garyvnilebis asocirebas axdens. Tavis mrevls mouwodebs, rom es cudia da viRacas sjera~ (mdedr., 18-25, gori).

respondentebi aRiareben, rom, radgan eklesia qveyanaSi Zalian didi avtoritetiT sargeblobs, amitom is mniSvnelo-van gavlenas axdens mosaxleobis damokidebulebebze evroka-vSirisa da evrointegraciis mimarT, miT umetes, rom swored qarTuli Rirebulebebis dacvasa da qarTuli tradiciebis si-wmindis SenarCunebaze xdeba apelireba.

`eklesias ar unda evrointegracia. ratom ar unda, Zaan bev-ri mizezia yovelTvis qadagebebSi _ evropa yovelTvis aris cudi, is Rirebulebebi daikargeba, ra Rirebulebebic aris da a.S. Zaan bevri mizezia da, Cemi azriT, Zalian didi procen-tiT eklesia did rols TamaSobs, rom evropisken ar wavides sazogadoebis azrovneba. dResdReisobiT vinc gavlenas ax-dens da ayalibebs sazogadoebis azrs saqarTveloSi, eklesiaa. imitomaa eklesia winaaRmdegi, gaxrwnileba rom ar Semovides saqarTveloSi evropidan~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTvelos marTlmadidebluri eklesia respondentTa mniSvnelovani nawilisTvisac avtoritetul in-stituts warmoadgens. es monawileebi Tvlian, rom eklesia fil-

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travs~ yvelafers, rac saqarTveloSi evropidan Semodis da iqi-dan mxolod qveynisTvis sasargeblosa da misaRebs tovebs, xolo miuRebels ewinaaRmdegeba, rogoricaa lgbt Temi, samoqalaqo da seqsualuri ganaTlebis Setana skolebSi, a.S. am Tvalsaz-risiT, eklesia swored iseT aqtorad warmogvidgeba, romelic, TiTqosda, mosaxleobis saTqmels ambobs da politikaSi CareviT qarTvelebis interesebs icavs. misgan gansxvavebiT, xelisufleba sakmaod pasiur da uunaro aqtoradaa warmodgenili, radgan mas eklesiasTan konfrontaciaSi Sesvla ar ZaluZs; piriqiT, saku-Tari poziciis gasamyareblad swored eklesiis mxardaWeras eZe-bs. zemoTqmuli imaze miuTiTebs, rom eklesia ara mxolod ufro sando, aramed ufro Zlier institutadacaa aRqmuli, vidre xe-lisufleba. Sesabamisad, misi Careva xelisuflebis kompetenciaSi diskusantTa nawils sasurveladac ki miaCnia.

`antidiskriminaciuli kanonis winaaRmdeg rom gamovidnen, ratom ereviT mmarTvelobaSio. 17 maisis aqcia ra egonaT? saqa-rTveloSi Cveulebrivi avadmyofobaa LGBT. fuli gadauxades, waaqezes, egonaT xels veravin daakarebda, gamovidnen da un-dodaT, rom es yvelaferi momxdariyo. zustad mRvdlebi unda wasuliyvnen, mTavroba maT winaaRmdeg ar wava da verc wava~ (mamr., 26-40, gori).

swored amgvari aRqma ganapirobebs respondentTa garkveuli nawilis mier rogorc eklesiis rolis dadebiTad Sefasebas ev-ropuli Rirebulebebis `gafiltvris~ TvalsazrisiT, ise mTav-robis mimarT kritikas, skolebSi iseTi sagnebis (gansakuTrebiT, samoqalaqo ganaTlebis) danergvis gamo, rac `bavSvs Tavidanve TavSi udebs evropul Rirebulebebs~, riTic mas `suliers ki ar umaRleben~, aramed arTmeven. aq yuradReba imazea gamaxvilebu-li, rom bavSvebs uaxloes warsulSi `viRac evropelis mogonil programas~ aswavlian, `saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi Camoyalibebu-li~ marTlmadidebluri Rirebulebebis sanacvlod.

`evropidan rac misaRebi iyo, sacerSi gatarebuli miRe-buli aqvs eklesias. cuds ar iRebs. es aris ganaTlebuli, swo-radmxedveli fena, romelic kargad filtravs. evropidan rac misaRebi iyo, ukve miiRes. danarCens evropa verc gaufuWebs da verc gaukeTebs~ (mdedr., 41-65, Telavi).

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`mTavrobam skolebSi danerga iseTi sagnebi, swavlebis pro-gramebi, romlebic bavSvs Tavidanve udebs TavSi evropul Rirebulebebs, azrebs, frazebs, gamonaTqvamebs. rodesac is gaizrdeba, veranairad ver iqneba dadebiTi pirovneba Cveni rwmenis da eklesiis mxriv. erTi suli eqneba, rodis gaizrde-ba da sawinaaRmdego sqesTan eqneba urTierToba. mag kuTxiT mihyavT yvelaferi, suliers ki ar umaRleben, aZleven viTom dadebiTs, qalis da kacis urTierTobebs aswavlian pataro-bidanve. samoqalaqo ganaTleba daaweses da Cveni sapatriarqo ewinaaRmdegeba. [...] gaauqmes religiuri swavleba da yvelafers xazi gadausvevs, saukuneebis naSens ki ar aswavlian, aswavlian viRac evropelis mogonil programas, romelic 20 wlis win gaCnda da arafrisTvis miuRwevia~ (mamr., 26-40, gori).

Tu respondentebis nawili eklesiis politikaSi Carevas miesalmeba da qarTveli xalxis mfarvelobad miiCnevs, sxvebi mis CarTulobas uaryofiTad afaseben da Tvlian, rom eklesiis kulturuli da religiuri mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, is saxelm-wifosgan gamijnuli unda iyos. am SemTxvevaSi, eklesia, iseve rogorc masTan asocirebuli organizaciebi, im uzarmazar ide-ologiur manqanad~ ganixileba, romelic samoqalaqo Rirebule-bebsa da adamianis TavisuflebasTan winaaRmdegobaSi modis.

`eklesia ar unda gavrioT politikaSi, es aris sasuliero xelisufleba da is aris saero xelisufleba. saero xelisu-flebas adamiani irCevs individualurad, unda iyos baptisti, unda marTlmadidebeli, Cem rwmenaSi ar unda ereodes~ (mde-dr., 18-25, gori).

`eklesia aris uzarmazari ideologiuri manqana da Seu-Zlia adamianze didi gavlena moaxdinos; magram isic unda gvaxsovdes, rom adamiani damoukidebelia da mas SeuZlia gaa-keTos arCevani. evropaSi mTeli revoluciebi, igive kaToli-kur eklesiaSi, imitom xdeboda, rom eklesia yvela adamianis morCilebas moiTxovda da mere daiwyo reformatoruli Zvre-bi, moicva mTeli eklesia da daiSala kaTolikuri eklesiac mraval nawilad. me qristes winaaRmdegi ki ar var, RmerTma damifaros, magram vambob, rom adamianis azris Tavisufleba unda idges yvela ideologiaze maRla. ki, batono, Cveni ekle-

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sia aris Cveni istoria, kulturis da tradiciebis ganuyofeli nawili da adamians mis winaaRmdeg wasvla TavSi rogor unda mouvides?! magram adamianis Tavisufleba amaze maRla dgas da amaze faseulia~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

`sanam sapatriarqoSi Zireuli raRaceebi ar Seicvleba, sanam marTlmadidebel mSobelTa kavSiris wevrebi ityvian, rom maT Svilebs moqalaqeoba ar unda aswavlon, iqamde ar gveSveleba~ (mamr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

qarTuli marTlmadidebluri eklesiis amgvari politize-bis erT-erT mTavar mizezad misi rusuli propagandis gavle-nis qveS yofna da ruseTis mxridan politikuri manipulirebis iaraRad gamoyeneba miiCneva. is, vinc am Sexedulebas iziarebs, miiCnevs, rom qarTuli eklesia araTu proevropulia, aramed sasuliero pirebis didi nawili prorusuli orientaciisaa. amas respondentebi imiT xsnian, rom, radgan qarTul eklesias sabWoTa memkvidreoba moyveba da ruseTis marTlmadideblur eklesiasTan aqvs kavSiri (Tan, eqspertebis msgavsad, mosaxle-obis nawilic miiCnevs, rom sasuliero pirebis mniSvnelovani segmentis mier ruseTSi miRebuli ganaTlebac arsebiT rols TamaSobs), amitom qarTuli eklesiis SigniT antievropuli frTa ufro Zlieria, vidre proevropuli. amas isic emateba, rom ruseTs eklesiis da zneobis damcvelis mantia~ aqvs morge-buli da warmatebiT manipulirebs evropuli `garyvnilebis~ winaaRmdeg mebrZolis ritorikiT. diskusantebi `vertikalur sqemaze~ miuTiTeben, romelic ruseTidan Semosul msgavs nara-tivs, qarTuli eklesiis gavliT, mosaxleobaSi avrcelebs.

`ase warmomidgenia sapatriarqos raRaca vertikaluri sqe-ma, sadac informaciuli arxi miedineba ruseTidan, aqeT Cve-namde da raRac gvgonia, rom damoukideblebi varT. rom daak-virdeT, saubriTac ise saubroben, rogorc sabWouri da evro-pisgan mowyvetili...~ (mamr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`awodeben xalxs, rom, TiTqos, evropa aris garyvnileba, tradiciebis warTmeva, gvarTmeven sarwmunoebas da religiebs.

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[...] radganac sarwmunoeba gvaqvs erTi, yovelTvis unda viyoT ruseTTan da is aris didi Zma da is yovelTvis dagvicavs da a.S. me vfiqrob, ufro eklesiidan modis aseTi saubrebi~ (mdedr., 18-25, quTaisi).

`eklesias aqvs didi gavlena da aqac azri oradaa gayofili. bevri ram xdeba eklesiaSi. ruseTma, rogor axerxebs, rTuli saTqmelia, magram eklesiis damcvelis mantia moirgo da bevrs sjera amis. Cven eklesiaSi gana ar ician, rom es ase araa? ekle-sias Zalian didi gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia xalxze, mis arCev-anze, mimarTulebaze~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

amgvarad, fokus jgufebis monawileTa mier qarTuli mar-Tlmadidebluri eklesiis evropeizaciisadmi damokidebulebis Sefaseba orgvaria: Tu nawili evrointegraciis Sesaxeb ofi-cialurad gakeTebul pozitiur gancxadebebs eyrdnoba da mi-iCnevs, rom eklesia am process miesalmeba, sxvebi qadagebebSi gamoTqmul da sasuliero pirebis qmedebiT gamoxatul anti-evropul ganwyobebze msjeloben da eklesias evrointegra-ciis gzaze erT-erT mniSvnelovan dabrkolebad asaxeleben. monawileebis Sexedulebebi imis mixedviTac iyofa, emxrobian Tu emijnebian eklesiis qmedebebs: momxreebi mas erovnuli identobis damcvelad miiCneven da xelisuflebaze met ndobas ucxadeben; oponentebi ki eklesiis prorusul xedvaze saubro-ben da mis politikaSi Carevas ewinaaRmdegebian.

evropeizaciis gavlena qarTuli eklesiis avtoritetze

zemoTqmulidan gamomdinare, sainteresoa, rogor afaseben fokus jgufebis monawileebi evropeizaciis gavlenas qarTu-li eklesiis avtoritetze. pirvel rigSi, yuradRebas iqcevs diskursi, rom, miuxedavad imisa, rom evropelebi Tavad qris-tianebi arian, kaTolikebTan, rogorc dasavluri qristianobis warmomadgenlebTan, SedarebiT, marTlmadideblebi, rogorc aRmosavluri qristianobis warmomadgenlebi, evrokavSirSi nak-lebi gavleniTa da pativiscemiT sargebloben. amdenad, xazgas-

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mulia evrokavSiris SigniT politikur asimetriasTan erTad arsebuli religiuri asimetriac da religiuri kuTvnilebis safuZvelze gamovlenili orientalizmis problema.

`Cven mware magaliTi viciT Cven moZme marTlmadidebel bulgareTSi, rumineTSi. romaelebi, kaTolikebi Cvens marTl-madidebel mRvdlebs eZaxian orTodoqsebs. Cven radikalebi varT... arada, meore samamulo omis periodSi iyvnen kaTolike mRvdlebi, romlebic ibrZodnen orTodoqsi marTlmadidebe-li mRvdlebis winaaRmdeg da imxela sisastike aqvT gamovle-nili, TviTon gestapos ukvirda~ (mamr., 26-40, quTaisi).

diskusantTa nawilis azriT, radgan marTlmadideblebi radi-kalebad miiCnevian da evrokavSiris mier problemad aRiqmebian, es ukanaskneli marTlmadideblobis Sesustebas cdilobs, maT Soris sxvadasxva religiuri seqtis gaZlierebis gziT. respon-dentebi SeSfoTebiT aRniSnaven, rom saqarTveloSi seqtebi Za-lebs ikreben da mosaxleobas Tavisken ibireben; amasTan, sxva re-ligiebic Zlierdeba, magaliTad, Sendeba meti meCeTi. gamoTqmu-lia mosazreba, rom sxva religiebis marTlmadideblobasTan kanoniT gaTanabrebis gamo, qarTuli eklesia izRudeba.

`is wesebi, rac dadgenilia evrointegraciisTvis, bevrad scdeba Cvens wes-Cveulebebs. yoveldRiuri cxovrebis adaTe-bi, eklesiis danaxvaze pirjvari gadaviweroT, bavSvs vaswav-loT, rogor gadaiweros pirjvari. vicodeT, vin iyvnen Cveni wmindanebi, am yvelafris aRmofxvras cdiloben. es Cemi azri ar aris, bevr qmedebaSia gamoxatuli, pirdapir amboben tele-viziiT~ (mamr., 26-40, gori).

`[evrointegracia] uqmnis safrTxes tradiciasac da ekle-siasac. Cven varT patara qveyana da sxvebs rom mivceT Tavi-sufleba da vaZlevT kidec ukve, magaliTad, amdeni meCeTi rom Sendeba, sinagogebis fonze Cven Zalian daviTrguneT. igive ieRovelebia yvela kuTxeSi da maTi qadagebebi safrTxes uqm-nis Cven uZveles tradiciebs~ (mdedr., 26-40, zugdidi).

amgvarad, respondentebi SiSoben, rom, evrointegraciis kvaldakval, mosaxleoba eklesias ufro daSordeba da ekle-siisa da patriarqis avtoriteti daecema. am situaciidan

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garkveul gamosavlad marTlmadideblobis saxelmwifo reli-giad gamocxadeba miiCneva.

`me safrTxeebs vxedav, eklesiaze roca vlaparakobT, radgan evrokavSiris SemosvliT, adamianebi sul ufro dacil-debian eklesias. xalxs ar ecleba eklesiisTvis~ (mamr., 41-65, zugdidi).

`Tu mivediT evropul ojaxamde, religiuri kuTxiT Zalian bevri rame Seicvleba. patriarqis reitings garkveuli qvota moakldeba~ (mdedr., 18-25, Tbilisi).

Tu, erTi mxriv, evrokavSiri marTlmadideblobisTvis safrTxed aRiqmeba, alternatiuli mosazrebis Tanaxmad, mas qarTuli eklesiis sawinaaRmdego araferi aqvs: evrokavSiris arc erTi rezolucia ar ambobs, rom qarTvelebma religiaze uari unda Tqvan, aramed mxolod tolerantobaze keTdeba aq-centi, rasac marTlmadidebloba imTaviTve iTvaliswinebs. aqve xazgasmulia, rom, garda imisa, rom evropelebi Tavadac qris-tianebi arian, evrokavSirSi yvela religia daculia da Tana-bari uflebebiT sargeblobs. am konteqstSi, marTlmadide-blobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadeba, piriqiT, miuRe-blad miiCneva, radgan qveyanaSi sxva religiebis Tavisuflebis SezRudvad aRiqmeba.

`evrokavSiris arc erT rezoluciaSi ar weria, rom mar-Tlmadideblobaze uari unda vTqvaT. iq weria, rom Cven unda davicvaT religiur umciresobaTa uflebebi. maTi intere-sebi iqneba daculi maSin, rodesac yvelas gveqneba Tanabari uflebebi, magram Tu me marTlmadideblobas vaRiareb saxelm-wifo religiad, gamodis, rom umciresobaTa uflebebi fexqveS gavTele da iq damTavrda adamianis uflebebi, Tavisufali neba, aRmsareblobis Tavisufleba da ganadgurda yvela Tavi-sufleba. isini gveubnebian, rom viyoT tolerantulni umci-resobebis mimarT, rasac Cveni religiac iTvaliswinebs da wi-naaRmdegobac araa~ (mamr., 26-40, zugdidi).

aqve gamoikveTa mosazreba, rom evrointegracia qarTuli eklesiis avtoritetze gavlenas ver moaxdens, rac am ukanaskne-lis siZlieresa da damoukideblobas, agreTve politikuri cv-

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lilebebis mimarT rezistentulobas miewereba. aq paralelia gavlebuli sabWoTa mmarTvelobis 70-wlian periodsa da evro-integracias Soris. miCneulia, rom, Tu pirvelma ver Secvala qarTvelebis rwmena, verc meore Secvlis, radgan qarTvelebis religiuri identoba sakmaod Zlieria.

`veranair gavlenas ver moxdens evrointegracia qarTul eklesiaze imitom, rom sarwmunoeba yovelTvis sarwmunoebad darCeba, rogori politikuri mmarTvelobac ar unda iyos saqarTveloSi... komunistebi 70 weli gviSlidnen religias da mainc iyo~ (mamr., 26-40, Telavi).

`iciT ra maxsendeba, bebia iyo kompartiis wevri, romelic eklesiidan gamosuli daakaves. mTeli bavSvoba maxsovs, Cumad rogor dajdeboda kuTxeSi, kiTxulobda locvebs da pirjvars iwerda. dedac ase iyo, mec… CemTan asi ieRovelic rom movides, verafers damaklebs, radgan me vici, risi mwams da ratom. evro-pelic ver gadamajiSebs da verafers Semacvlevinebs~ (mdedr., 26-40, zugdidi).

diskusantTa Soris aRmoCndnen isinic, vinc fiqrobs, rom evrointegracias qarTul eklesiaze pozitiuri gavlenis moxdena SeuZlia. erT-erTi mosazrebiT, es gavlena eklesiis qurduli mentalitetis adamianebisgan gaTavisuflebas gu-lisxmobs. meoris Tanaxmad ki, evropeizaciis procesi marTl-madideblobas gaamdidrebs rogorc metad tolerantuli xed-vis damkvidrebiT, ise ekonomikuri gaZlierebiT.

`rac saberZneTs davuaxlovdiT, marTlmadidebloba ufro gaZlierda. ekonomikurad gaZliereba marTlmadideblobas ufro aZlierebs. Tu evropas davuaxlovdebiT, Cemi azriT, marTlmadidebloba amiT kidev ufro gaZlierdeba~ (mamr., 41-65, quTaisi).

mTlianobaSi, miuxedavad imisa, rom marTlmadidebluri eklesia Zlier da damoukidebel aqtorad, xolo qarTvelebis religiuri identoba sakmaod myarad miiCneva, respondentebis nawili evropeizaciis process marTlmadidebluri eklesiis avtoritetisTvis mainc safrTxed aRiqvams, rogorc SigniT mimdinare cvlilebebis, ise garegani gavlenebis gamo. disku-

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santTa TqmiT, Sida cvlilebebi gulisxmobs, rom evropeiza-ciis gavleniT, mosaxleoba ufro kritikulad udgeba da brmad aRar endoba eklesiis SemoTavazebul narativebs; garegani faq-tori ki evrokavSiris religiuri orientalizmis mosalodnel Sedegebs moicavs. alternatiuli mosazrebiT, evrokavSiri, rogorc qristianuli qveynebis gaerTianeba da yvela religiis mimarT tolerantuli, qarTuli eklesiisTvis saSiSroebas ar warmoadgens, radgan rogorc farTo sazogadoebaSi, ise ekle-siaSic tolerantuli Sexedulebebis gavrcelebas uwyobs xels. sainteresoa, rom qarTul eklesiaze evropeizaciis gavlenis ganxilvisas, sakmaod winaaRmdegobrivi damokidebulebebic vlindeba: ramdenime narativSi pozitiurad fasdeba evrokav-Siris mier waxalisebuli tolerantoba religiuri umcireso-bebis mimarT da, imavdroulad, safrTxed aRiqmeba sxvadasxva seqtis Tu religiuri mimdinareobis aqtivoba saqarTveloSi. amgvarad, respondentebi sakmaod ambivalentur diskursebs gvTavazoben evropeizaciis gavlenis Sesaxeb qarTul marTl-madideblur eklesiaze.

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daskvna: evropeizaciis performansi politikur da popularul diskursebSi

warmodgenili politikuri da popularuli diskursebis analizi TvalsaCinos xdis, Tu rogor xdeba elitebis da mo-saxleobis mier evropeizaciis performansi saqarTveloSi. rogorc aRiniSna, evropeizaciis Sesaxeb maTi Sexedulebebi, umetesad, utilitaruli da identobis faqtorebiTaa nakar-naxevi, Tumca Sesabamisi diskursebi sakmaod ambivalenturia. rogorc wesi, kvlevis monawileni Riad aJRereben evrokavSir-Tan da evropeizaciis procesTan dakavSirebul socialurad sasurvel narativebs, rac saqarTvelos sagareo politikur kursTan TanxmobaSia, Tumca fasads miRma maTi araerTmniS-vnelovani damokidebulebebi ikveTeba.

utilitaruli faqtorebiT, kerZod, usafrTxoebis dis-kursiT rom daviwyoT, aRsaniSnavia, rom ruseTidan momdinare safrTxeze saubrisas, evrokavSiri saqarTvelos usafrTxoe-bis damcveladaa miCneuli, Tumca xazebs Soris ikveTeba dis-kursi evrokavSiris, rogorc qveynis suverenitetis Semasus-teblis Sesaxeb, gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos mxridan masze asimetriuli damokidebulebis gamo. marTalia, politikosebi yovelmxriv cdiloben, saqarTvelosa da evrokavSirs Soris damokidebuleba horizontaluri urTierTobebis WrilSi war-moaCinon, magram kvlevaSi monawile eqspertebi da mosaxleo-ba Riad saubroben saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris urTierTobebis asimetriulobaze. miuxedavad amisa, saqarTvelos usafrTxoe-bis uzrunvelyofa imdenad mniSvnelovnadaa miCneuli, rom is udavod Crdilavs qveynis suverenitetis SesustebasTan dakav-Sirebul SiSs.

utilitaruli faqtorebidan uaRresad mniSvnelovania eko-nomikuri sargeblis xedvac. evrokavSiri saqarTvelos eko-nomikuri ganviTarebis mxardamWerad da, ruseTisgan gansx-vavebiT, sando da stabilur savaWro partniorad aris war-modgenili rogorc politikosebisa da eqspertebis, ise mo-saxleobis mier. Tumca, imavdroulad, eqspertebi yuradRebas amaxvileben `fasaduri~ evropeizaciis problemaze, romelic mxolod garegani, formaluri maxasiaTeblebiT zomavs winsv-

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lis xarisxs, rac, sinamdvileSi, ver aumjobesebs qveynis eko-nomikur mdgomareobas. fokus jgufis monawile mosaxleoba ki qarTuli eqsportisTvis bazris diversifikaciis imeds gamoTq-vams da sjera, rom, rogori momgebianic ar unda iyos evrokav-SirTan savaWro urTierToba, ruseTi, rogorc alternatiuli savaWro partniori, kvlavac unda SenarCundes.

Zalian mniSvnelovania evropeizaciis gavlenis Sefasebac saqarTveloSi politikis keTebis axal gamocdilebaze. erTi mxriv, politikisebi da eqspertebi saubroben im pozitiur cvlilebebze, rac evropeizaciis procesma gamoiwvia rogorc instituciuri TanamSromlobis, ise institutebis Sida struq-turis gaZlierebis mimarTulebiT, da ramac politikosebs ubiZga, saqmis keTebis evropul modelze gadavidnen. meore mxriv ki, evropeizaciis procesi am etapze ganixileba, rogorc qarTveli politikosebis mier Sida auditoriisTvis Seqmnili imijis Semadgeneli elementi, romelic mniSvnelovania utili-taruli mosazrebebidan gamomdinare (socialurad sasurveli kuTxiT Tavis warmoCena, amomrCevlis gulis mogeba da sxv.) da politikur aqtorTa RirebulebiT sistemasTan naklebad aqvs kavSiri. mmarTveli gundi opoziciur partiebs miawers amgvar performanss, opoziciuri partiebi _ mmarTvel gunds, eqspertebi da mosaxleoba ki _ rogorc pirvels, ise meores.

garda utilitaruli faqtorebisa, Zalian mniSvnelovania identobis faqtoric, rac yvelaze met vnebaTaRelvas iwvevs mosaxleobaSi da misi ambivalenturi xedvis umTavresi mizezia. mosaxleobaSi Tanaarsebobs diskursebi evrokavSiris, rogorc qarTuli identobis damcvelisa da rogorc misTvis safrTx-is matareblis Sesaxeb. kerZod, erTi mxriv, aRniSnulia, rom evrokavSiri xels uwyobs qarTuli identobis SenarCunebas, radgan Tavad evrokavSiri multieTnikuri gaerTianebaa, ro-melic xelmZRvanelobs deviziT `erToba mravalferovnebaSia~; amasTan, miCneulia, rom qarTulisa da evropulis erTgvari brikolaJi qarTuli identobis gamdidrebisa da gamraval-ferovnebis sawindaria; meore mxriv ki, evropeizacia qarTu-li identobisTvis safrTxed aRiqmeba, radgan miCneulia, rom dasavluri Rirebulebebi qarTuli tradiciebis gadagvarebas iwvevs. mosaxleobis ambivalenturi xedva naTlad ikveTeba,

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roca saubaria evrokavSirze, rogorc saqarTveloSi toler-antobis gamavrcelebelze da, imavdroulad, garkveuli gaRiz-ianebaa gamoxatuli imis gamo, rom evrokavSiri tolerantobas aswavlis imTaviTve tolerantul saqarTvelos; roca evropu-li postnacionalisturi, samoqalaqo Rirebulebebi misabaZa-daa miCneuli, Tumca, imavdroulad, patriotizmis deficitad aRiqmeba; roca saqarTvelos evropuloba saerTo qristianul msoflmxedvelobas miewereba, Tumca, imavdroulad, aRniS-nulia, rom evropa `garyvnilebas~ avrcelebs da qristianul Rirebulebebs ewinaaRmdegeba; roca evropuli Rirebulebebi qarTulze upiratesad miiCneva, Tumca, imavdroulad, aRniSnu-lia, rom saqarTvelo Tavad evropaze adrec ki iyo evropuli Rirebulebebis matarebeli. aqve, xazgasmulia, rom Zalado-brivad moxda saqarTvelos am konteqstidan mowyveta, amitom is aucileblad unda daubrundes `evropul ojaxs~, romlis ganuyofeli nawilicaa. aRsaniSnavia, rom gansxvavebiT iden-tobis zemoxsenebuli sxva diskursebisgan, Sexeduleba, rom saqarTvelo evropaze ufro adre iyo evropuli, ara mxolod mosaxleobisTvis, aramed politikosebisa da eqspertebisTvi-sacaa damaxasiaTebeli. udavoa, rom xedva, TiTqos saqarTvelo win uswrebda evropas evropulobaSi, amdenad, evropa mas tol-erantobas ver aswavlis, rom evropelebi patriotizmis defi-cits ganicdian da rom evropis civilizaciur upiratesobebs~ saqarTvelos `sulieri upiratesobebi~ gadaswonis, mWidro ka-vSirSia erovnuli kvlevebiT gamovlenil qarTvelebis maRal erovnul siamayesTan. Tumca, isic unda aRiniSnos, rom mxolod kvlevaSi monawile mosaxleoba gamoirCeva azrTa sxvadasxvao-biT imis Taobaze, evropuli Rirebulebebia upiratesi Tu qar-Tuli, xolo politikosebi da eqspertebi imTaviTve aRiareben evropuli Rirebulebebis upiratesobas da evropeizaciis pro-cess qveynis modernizaciis mTavar pirobad miiCneven.

warmodgenili ambivalenturi damokidebulebebi kidev erTxel adasturebs, rom politikis Semqmnelebs Sesabamisi Za-lisxmeva marTebT, pirvel rigSi, evrokavSirisa da evropeiza-ciis procesis Sesaxeb mosaxleobis informirebulobis do-nis asamaRleblad. Tumca, politikosebis informirebulobis zrdasac saTanado yuradReba unda daeTmos, radgan kvlevaSi

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monawile eqspertebi da mosaxleoba xazs usvamen am mimar-TulebiT muSaobis aucileblobasac. qarTuli marTlmadide-bluri eklesia kidev erT mniSvnelovan aqtoradaa warmoCeni-li, romlis informirebulobis amaRleba da saxelmwifosTan TanamSromloba savaldebulodaa miCneuli evropeizaciis pro-cesis warmatebiT warmarTvisTvis, sazogadoebaSi misi didi avtoritetis gamo. am cvlilebebis ganxorcieleba kvlevis monawileebs aucileblad miaCniaT, raTa realisturi gaxdes saqarTveloSi evropeizaciis normatuli da diskursuli doni-dan qceviT doneze gadatana da yoveldRiuri praqtikis ganuy-ofel nawilad gadaqceva.

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