Evolutionary, decentralized societies, centralized

societies, and River Valley Civilizations

Based on Gilbert chapter 1:Lisemwalo liko, kama haliko laja—Swahili

Adage, East Africa

Hegel’s and Trevor’s views bespeak of the ways in which history has been written in the past—generational views and approaches to the past

Time and spaces without written records were left to archeologists, and paleontologists

African history is essentially interdisciplinary

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04/20/233

Rock paintings dating back to 4000 to 28,000years show horses, camels and milking of cows; Portray events like hunting, fishing, dancing & abstract rituals; & Study of animal bones in campsite reveal hunting

4

Invention of writing: Egyptian, Ethiopic scripts, and Manuscripts of Timbuktu

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The Haidara family Collection—W. Africa

Chinese Sources 1000-1500 AD

1415 envoys from kingdom of Malindi send giraffe to Ming emperor Yong Le

Treated them royally

In Confucian tradition symbolized a sage of utmost wisdom & benevolence

Giraffe still used today by Chinese govt as a symbol of friendship &cooperation between China and Africa.

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Meroitic script, 1st -2ndc A.D. & Mummified body of an archers suggest mummification as generally

culture of Nile valley & NA

Through interdisciplinary approaches and multiple sources we learn that all stages of evolution took place in Africa.

Difference did not raise questions in pre-modern societies

Please Read page 4-5 and I will explain

It is not pleasing to me that I must place humans among the primates, but man is intimately familiar with himself. Let's not quibble over words. It will be the same to me whatever name is applied. But I desperately seek from you and from the whole world a general difference between men and simians from the principles of Natural History. I certainly know of none. If only someone might tell me one! If I called man a simian or vice versa I would bring together all the theologians against me. [Linneaus Letter to the Lutheran Archbishop Gmelin, 1747]

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Are humans related to apes in your best and sincere opinion? https://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=cfHCakKnQ_s

The Origins of Species: Charles Robert Darwin tried to explain 1800s anxieties as

he voyaged in the Beagle

What he saw convinced him Africa was the cradle of mankind

Variety of Apes—Mother Gorilla, Baby and Male Gorilla

Male and Female Chimps

At the end many bought the idea

Is creationism reconcilable to evolutionary argument ? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfHCakKnQ_s