Evolution- The genetic change in a species over time. In order to better understand evolution you
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Evolution-The genetic change in a species over time.
In order to better understand evolution youneed to understand the word species at a high school level.
Species- A group of organisms that are similar that can breed and make offspringthat make viable offspring (babies that whengrown up can make babies)
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1. More offspring are created than survive and reproduce.
3. There is a struggle to survive. (Competition)
1809-1882
Charles Darwin – Father of the Theory of Evolution Through Natural Selection
2. There is variation among the offspring.
(Due to sexual reproduction mutations & gene shuffling. Crossing over during meiosis)
4. The individuals that are best suited to the environment survive, reproduce and the future generations look like them.
hand
Adaptive radiation
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Natural Variation•Results in different phenotypes for a trait•Caused by genetic variety due to
•Sexual reproduction•Mutation•Crossing over •Gene shuffling
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Yeti Crab
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Chapter 16 Darwin’s Voyage of Discovery
Theory of Evolution through natural selectionexplains how modern organisms evolved through descent from common ancestors.
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White-faced Saki Money
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Sucker-footed Bat
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Star-nosed mole
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Pink Fairy Armadillo
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Komondor dog
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Blobfish
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Aye-aye
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Angora Rabbit
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Artificial Selection vs. Natural Selection
Man chooses
Nature chooses
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Evolutionary Fitness
It is not the fastest or the strongest but those that are best adapted to the environment that survive.
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Teaching evolution makes some people uncomfortable….so….Why teach it?
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Teaching evolution makes some people uncomfortable….so….Why teach it?
Evolution is here and you may have helpedit happen.
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Evolution is here and you may have helpedit happen.
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Evolution is here and you may have helpedit happen.
Youtube Extreamly Drug Resistant Tuburculosis XDR-VOA Story
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Embryology
• Closely related organisms go through similar stages in their embryonic development.
Chicken Human Mouse
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Human Embryo
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Early embryonic stages of all
vertebrates are similar - a 4 week old human
embryo has gill pouches and a tail,
two trademarks of all vertebrate embryos,
even ones that do not have gills or tails at
birth.
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Evolutionary Biologist
Homologous structures –
structures that are similar in anatomy (structure) but different in function
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Forelimbs of mammals are constructed from the same skeletal elements - the ancestral forelimb
became specialized for many
different functions
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Homologous Stuctures
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DNA Comparisons
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History of Earth according to Hutton and Lyell
1780s - 1830s Hutton and Lyell’s Principles of Geology concluded that Earth is extremely old and that the processes that changed Earth in the past are still going on today.
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Paleogeologist
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Evidence for Evolution – The Fossil Record
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The breakup of Pangea
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Fossil Evidence from Pangea
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Strata
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Paleogeologist: Fossil Record
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Microbial (procaryotic cells) 3,500
Complex (eucaryotic cells) 2,000
First multicellular animals 670
Shell-bearing animals 540
Vertebrates (simple fishes) 490
Amphibians 350
Reptiles 310
Mammals 200
Nonhuman primates 60
Earliest apes 25
Australopithecine ancestors of humans
4
Modern humans 0 .15 (150,000 years)
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A partial skeleton and indirect evidence from skeletal fragments indicate that Ar. ramidus may have walked upright. Although considered to be one of the most primitive hominids, Ar. ramidus shares some novel characteristics with much later hominids, namely aspects of its teeth. The molars of Ar. ramidus are smaller than are those of any of the Australopithecus species.
Ardipithecus ramidus was discovered in December 1992. Although not nearly as old as Orrorin tugenensis, Ar. ramidus is much more widely accepted by the scientific community as a hominid than is O. tugenensis, and thus is considered by some to be the oldest-known hominid.
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Physical Anthropologisthominid evolution
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Evolutionary Biologist
• Vestigial structures
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Appendix: not used by modern humans, ancestors used to digest tough plant fibers.
Goose bumps: not used by modern humans,ancestors used to raise thick hair to keep warm.
Tail bone: not used by Modern humans, ancestors used to support tail.
Leg bones: Not used by modern whales, ancestors used to walk on land.
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Evidence for Evolution – Evolution Observed
Evolution of pesticide resistance in response to selection.
YOU can make it happen!
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Patterns of Biodiversity (different organisms within an area)
1.Different , yet ecologically similar , animalspecies inhabited separated but ecologicallysimilar, habitats. = similar habitats have species with similar jobs
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Different yet related animal species oftenoccupied different habitats within a local area.
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Some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living animals.
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Lamark got it wrong! He though that animals passed on acquired characteristics.Lamark missed the mark!
Malthus reasoned that if human populationgrew unchecked there wouldn’t be enough living space and food for everyone.
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