Evolution Series Long Haul Technical Description A

7/18/2019 Evolution Series Long Haul Technical Description A

1/76

EVOLUTION SERIES

Evolution Series Long HaulTECHNICAL DESCRIPTION

Microwave Radio System

4-11 GHz

SDH / SONET& Ethernet


2/76

This page is intentionally left blank


3/76

NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08 Evolution Series Long Haul

1

The information in this documentation is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined inthe introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nera's customers only for the

purposes of the agreement under which the documentation is submitted, and no part of it may be reproduced ortransmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nera.

The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of thementioned hardware or software products cannot be considered binding but shall be defined in the agreement madebetween Nera and the customer. However, Nera has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructionscontained in the documentation are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nera will, if necessary,explain issues that may not be covered by the documentation. Nera's liability for any errors in the documentation islimited to the documentary correction of errors.

NERA WILL NOT BE RESPONSIBLE IN ANY EVENT FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANYDAMAGES, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL (INCLUDING MONETARY LOSSES), that might arise from theuse of this documentation or the information in it. This documentation and the product it describes are consideredprotected by copyright according to the applicable laws.

NERA logo is a registered trademark of Eltek ASA. Other product names mentioned in this documentation may betrademarks of their respective companies, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright Nera Networks AS 2010. All rights reserved.


4/76

2 Evolution Series Long Haul NGP\00328 Rev. A 2010-01-08

Document history

Revision Date Summary of changes

Rev A 08 Jan 2010

First Release.

Technical Description for Evolution Series Long Haul published as a

separate document


5/76


3

Contents Page1. INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION SERIES ....................................................................................................9

1.1 TECHNOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE ...........................................................................................................10

2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION EVLOUTION SERIES LONG HAUL ...............................................................11

2.1 SYSTEM OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................................11 2.2 SOFTWARE OVERVIEW ..............................................................................................................................12 2.3 SPACE DIVERSITY ......................................................................................................................................13

2.3.1 Combining principles and performance ...........................................................................................13 2.4 MODES OF OPERATION ..............................................................................................................................14 2.5 USER INTERFACES.....................................................................................................................................15

2.5.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW ...............................................................................................15 2.5.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel .............................................................................................................15 2.5.3 External Alarm and Controls .............................................................................................................15

2.6 BRANCHING

SYSTEM

.................................................................................................................................16 2.7 XPANDLONG HAULTERMINAL ................................................................................................................17 2.8 USER INTERFACES.....................................................................................................................................17

3. SDH/SONET FEATURES AND DXC FUNCTIONALITY ..........................................................................18

3.1 SECTIONTERMINATION..............................................................................................................................18 3.2 SCRAMBLING / DESCRAMBLING FUNCTIONS ..............................................................................................18 3.3 SECTION/TRANSPORT OVERHEAD (SOH/TOH).......................................................................................18 3.4 SOH/TOHFRAMEWORD AND BYTES ........................................................................................................18 3.5 MAPPING AND MULTIPLEXING DXCUNIT &DXCFRAME .........................................................................19 3.6 MAPPING AND MULTIPLEXING STM-4/OC-12...........................................................................................20 3.7 CROSS-CONNECT SUPPORT ......................................................................................................................20

3.7.1 Sub Network Connection Protection ................................................................................................20

3.8 SYNCHRONISATION ....................................................................................................................................21 3.8.1 Synchronisation status messaging...................................................................................................21

4. ETHERNET FEATURES ................................................................................................................................22

4.1 ETHERNET OVER SDH/SONETMAPPING................................................................................................22 4.1.1 VCAT and LCAS support...................................................................................................................22

4.2 ETHERNET SERVICES .................................................................................................................................23 4.2.1 Switch mode - E-Line with VLAN/MAC switching ..........................................................................23 4.2.2 Port to Port Mode ................................................................................................................................24 4.2.3 Multiple E-Line.....................................................................................................................................25

4.3 QOS FEATURES. ........................................................................................................................................26 4.3.1 QoS priority scheme ...........................................................................................................................264.3.2 QoS scheduling mode ........................................................................................................................26

4.4 INGRESS RATE LIMITING.............................................................................................................................26 4.5 FRAME DELAY ETHERNET INTERFACES..................................................................................................26 4.6 MAC LEARNING .........................................................................................................................................27 4.7 MAXIMUM PACKET SIZE .............................................................................................................................27 4.8 ETHERNET STATISTICS ..............................................................................................................................27 4.9 TYPICAL ETHERNETTHROUGHPUT ...........................................................................................................27 4.10 LINK-LOSS FAILURE PASS THROUGH ON THE ETHERNET PORT................................................................27

5. TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS ..................................................................................................................28

5.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................................................................28 5.2 TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS.....................................................................................................................29 5.3 REPEATERTERMINALS ..............................................................................................................................30

5.4 TERMINALS WITH

DXC ..............................................................................................................................31 5.5 TERMINAL WITH GIGABIT ETHERNET .........................................................................................................33 5.6 TERMINAL WITH STM-4 INTERFACE ..........................................................................................................33


6/76


6. UNIT DESCRIPTIONS....................................................................................................................................34

6.1 TRANSCEIVER (XCVR)..............................................................................................................................34 6.2 UNIVERSAL INTERFACE UNIT (IFU)...........................................................................................................35

6.3 SUPERVISORY

UNIT

...................................................................................................................................36 6.4 RADIO INTERFACE UNIT RIU..................................................................................................................36 6.5 POWER SUPPLY UNIT................................................................................................................................36 6.6 LINE INTERFACE UNIT LIU......................................................................................................................36

6.6.1 STM-1/OC-3 Line Interface Units .....................................................................................................366.6.2 E1/T1 Interface Units .........................................................................................................................366.6.3 3xE3/DS3 Interface Unit ....................................................................................................................366.6.4 STM-4/OC-12 Line Interface Units ...................................................................................................366.6.5 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit .........................................................................................................37

6.7 DIGITAL X-CONNECT UNIT ........................................................................................................................37 6.8 DIGITAL X-CONNECT FRAME .....................................................................................................................37 6.9 WAYSIDE UNIT...........................................................................................................................................37 6.10 EOWUNIT (SERVICE CHANNEL)...............................................................................................................37

6.11 64KB/S SERIAL CHANNEL UNIT ................................................................................................................38 6.12 ALARM AND CONTROL UNIT ......................................................................................................................38 6.13 FAN UNIT ...................................................................................................................................................38 6.14 POWER SUPPLY AND SYNC UNIT ..............................................................................................................38 6.15 24VPOWER INTERFACE ADAPTER ..........................................................................................................38 6.16 LEDS .........................................................................................................................................................38

7. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTRICS......................................................................................39

7.1 BANDWIDTH, MODULATION AND RADIO FRAME ..........................................................................................39 7.2 EQUIPMENT REFERENCE POINTS..............................................................................................................39 7.3 FREQUENCY BANDS ...................................................................................................................................40 7.4 INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL STANDARDS............................................................................................41 7.5 ETSIEQUIPMENT CLASS ..........................................................................................................................41

7.6 EQUIPMENT BACKGROUND BER(RESIDUAL BER) ..................................................................................41 7.7 ERROR CORRECTION ................................................................................................................................41 7.8 SYSTEM DELAY ..........................................................................................................................................41 7.9 SYSTEM LOOP BACK POSSIBILITIES ...........................................................................................................42 7.10 ENVIRONMENTAL .......................................................................................................................................43

7.10.1 Electromagnetic Compatibility Conditions (EMC)......................................................................43 7.10.2 Safety conditions ............................................................................................................................43 7.10.3 RoHS and WEEE compliance ......................................................................................................43 7.10.4 Environmental conditions ..............................................................................................................43

7.11 MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS ..............................................................................................................44 7.11.1 Installation .......................................................................................................................................44

7.12 DIMENSIONS...............................................................................................................................................44 7.13 WEIGHTS....................................................................................................................................................44 7.14 POWER SUPPLY AND CONSUMPTION .........................................................................................................45

7.14.1 Over voltage protection .................................................................................................................45 7.14.2 24 Volt DC Adapter........................................................................................................................45 7.14.3 Power Consumption.......................................................................................................................45

7.15 SYSTEM RELIABILITY .................................................................................................................................46

8. RADIO CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................................47

8.1 TRANSMITTER CHARACTERISTICS .............................................................................................................47 8.1.1 Nominal Output Power.......................................................................................................................478.1.2 Automatic/Manual Power Control (ATPC/MTPC) ..........................................................................478.1.3 TX oscillator frequency tolerance.....................................................................................................47

8.2 RECEIVER CHARACTERISTICS ...................................................................................................................48

8.2.1 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@28 MHz- ACAP.....................................................................488.2.2 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@28 MHz-ACCP .....................................................................488.2.3 Receiver Thresholds 155 Mbit/s@40 MHz ACCP & ACAP .........................................................48


7/76


5

8.2.4 Maximum input level...........................................................................................................................49 8.2.5 RX oscillator frequency tolerance.....................................................................................................49 8.2.6 Noise Figure ........................................................................................................................................49

8.3 SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................................................................................50

8.3.1 System Gain Long Haul System.......................................................................................................50 8.3.2 System Signature................................................................................................................................50 8.3.3 Interference sensitivity .......................................................................................................................50 8.3.4 Receiver image rejection ...................................................................................................................51 8.3.5 Spurious emissions ............................................................................................................................51

9. BRANCHING AND WAVEGUIDE INTERFACE ........................................................................................52

9.1 TERMINAL WAVEGUIDE INTERFACE ............................................................................................................52 9.2 BRANCHING LOSS ......................................................................................................................................52

9.2.1 RF filter loss .........................................................................................................................................53 9.2.2 Branching circulator loss B-B ...........................................................................................................53

9.3 RF-INPUT RETURN LOSS ............................................................................................................................53

10. IFU-XCVR INTERFACE FOR SPLIT MOUNT .......................................................................................54 10.1 CABLE INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS.......................................................................................................54 10.2 CABLE CHARACTERISTICS .........................................................................................................................54

11. RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING (RPS) ............................................................................................55

11.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................................................................55 11.2 N+1RADIO PROTECTION SWITCHING........................................................................................................55

11.2.1 Low Priority Traffic - LPT ...............................................................................................................55 11.3 HSB AND1+1PROTECTION SWITCHING...................................................................................................56 11.4 ALIGNMENT SPECIFICATION AND SWITCHING TIME ....................................................................................56 11.5 SWITCHING CRITERIA .................................................................................................................................56

11.5.1 Quality criteria .................................................................................................................................56

11.5.2 Continuity criteria ............................................................................................................................5612. PHYSICAL INTERFACES .........................................................................................................................57

12.1 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S ELECTRICAL ..........................................................................57 12.2 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICAL -INTERMEDIATE REACH.........................................57 12.3 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICAL -LONG REACH 1300NM ........................................57 12.4 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICAL -LONG REACH1500NM ........................................57 12.5 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 155MBIT/S OPTICAL MULTI MODE.......................................................58 12.6 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 622MBIT/S OPTICAL -INTERMEDIATE REACH.........................................58 12.7 J ITTER AND WANDER STM-N/OC-N TRAFFIC INTERFACES .....................................................................58 12.8 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 1.5MBIT/S................................................................................................58 12.9 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 2MBIT/S ...................................................................................................58 12.10 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 34MBIT/S ............................................................................................59

12.11 INTERFACE CHARACTERISTICS 45MBIT/S ............................................................................................59 12.12 2.048MHZ SYNCHRONISATION INPUT/OUTPUT CHARACTERISTICS .....................................................59 12.13 ETHERNET INTERFACES ........................................................................................................................60

12.13.1 10/100 BASE-TX ............................................................................................................................60 12.13.2 1000 BASE-T ..................................................................................................................................60 12.13.3 1000 BASE-LX................................................................................................................................60 12.13.4 1000 BASE-SX ...............................................................................................................................60

12.14 AUXILIARY INTERFACES .........................................................................................................................61 12.14.1 64 kb/s channel characteristics ....................................................................................................61 12.14.2 Service telephone/Orderwire interfaces ......................................................................................61 12.14.3 Alarm and Control Interfaces ........................................................................................................62

13. MANAGEMENT SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS ..................................................................................63

13.1 GENERAL....................................................................................................................................................63 13.2 EVENT LOGGING.........................................................................................................................................63


8/76


13.3 MONITORING OF SYSTEM PERFORMANCE .................................................................................................64 13.3.1 System performance calculations ................................................................................................64 13.3.2 Performance record logging .........................................................................................................64

13.4 SECURITY MANAGEMENT ...........................................................................................................................64

13.4.1 Security event logging ...................................................................................................................64 13.5 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM COMMUNICATION..................................................................................................65

13.5.1 Management LAN interface ..........................................................................................................65 13.6 IP ROUTING ................................................................................................................................................65

13.6.1 Data Communication Channel DCC............................................................................................6613.6.2 64 kb/s point to point channels.....................................................................................................6613.6.3 DCN network...................................................................................................................................66

13.7 EMBEDDED SNMP AGENT.........................................................................................................................67 13.7.1 Standard MIBs Supported.............................................................................................................67

13.8 SSL ............................................................................................................................................................67

14. REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................68

15. TERMINOLOGY ..........................................................................................................................................70


9/76


7

List of figures PageFigure 2-1 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 10+0 ........................................................................11Figure 2-2 Long Haul Split Mount outdoor part, 3+1/4+0..................................................................12

Figure 2-3 2+0 Space Diversity Terminal .............................................................................................13Figure 2-4 Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) mode .................................................14Figure 2-5 Adjacent Channel Alternate Co-Polarization (ACCP) mode...........................................14Figure 2-6 Co-Channel Dual Polarized (CCDP) mode .......................................................................14Figure 2-7 Co-channel operation with XPIC .........................................................................................14Figure 2-8 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized..........................................16Figure 2-9 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diversity.................................................16Figure 2-10 Scalable frame ...................................................................................................................17Figure 3-1 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing..........................................................................................19Figure 3-2 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing ....................................................................................19Figure 3-3 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping.......................................................................20Figure 3-4 DXC Unit Figure 3-5 DXC Frame ..............................................................................20

Figure 4-1 600 Mbit/s Ethernet Link ......................................................................................................22Figure 4-2 VLAN aware switch..............................................................................................................23Figure 4-3 Port to port mode..................................................................................................................24Figure 4-4 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line..............................................................................25Figure 5-1 Evolution Series Long Haul block diagram .......................................................................28Figure 5-2 Two IFU ..................................................................................................................................28Figure 5-3 Four IFU Figure 5-4 Four IFU and DXC ......................................................................28Figure 5-5 Block Diagram 7+1 Terminal...............................................................................................29Figure 5-6 Block Diagram 4+0 Repeater..............................................................................................30Figure 5-7 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s................................................................31Figure 5-8 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s...........................................31Figure 5-9 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 3x155 Mbit/s................................................................32Figure 5-10 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 3x155 Mbit/s.........................................32Figure 5-11 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 4x155 Mbit/s .............................................................32Figure 5-12 4+0 Terminal with Gigabit Ethernet Interface ................................................................33Figure 5-13 4+1 Terminal with STM-4/OC-12.....................................................................................33Figure 6-1 XCVR .....................................................................................................................................34Figure 6-2 IFU, 1+0 system...................................................................................................................35Figure 6-3 Slot Matrix Universal IFU .....................................................................................................35Figure 7-1 Principle block diagram for a radio system with RF Branching.....................................39Figure 7-2 System loop backs...............................................................................................................42Figure 11-1 n+1 Radio Protection system...........................................................................................55Figure 13-1 IP Router Overview.............................................................................................................65

Figure 13-2 Data Communication Network ..........................................................................................66List of tables Page

Table 3-1 Utilisation of SOH bytes.........................................................................................................18Table 3-2 Synchronisation quality levels ..............................................................................................21Table 4-1 Ethernet Packet frame delay VC-4 mapping...................................................................26Table 4-2 Ethernet Throughput..............................................................................................................27Table 7-1 Frequency bands ETSI ..........................................................................................................40Table 7-2 Frequency bands ANSI..........................................................................................................41Table 7-3 Power consumption terminal ................................................................................................45Table 7-4 Maximum power consumption units ....................................................................................45Table 7-5 MTBF Figures .........................................................................................................................46

Table 8-1 Nominal output power Long Haul System, 155 Mbit/s......................................................47Table 8-2 Receiver threshold, 155 Mbit/s.............................................................................................48Table 8-3 Receiver threshold, 155 Mbit/s.............................................................................................48


10/76


Table 8-4 Receiver threshold, 155 Mbit/s ............................................................................................ 48Table 8-5 Maximum input signal level .................................................................................................. 49Table 8-6 System gain high power........................................................................................................ 50Table 8-7 System signature ................................................................................................................... 50Table 8-8 Co-Channel Interference Sensitivity ................................................................................... 50Table 8-9 Adjacent Interference Sensitivity......................................................................................... 51Table 9-1 Long Haul Branching flanges and waveguide.................................................................. 52Table 9-2 Total filter and branching loss .............................................................................................. 52Table 9-3 HSB Splitter loss .................................................................................................................... 52Table 9-4 RF Filter loss........................................................................................................................... 53Table 9-4 Branching circulator loss....................................................................................................... 53Table 10-1 Recommended Cable lengths, IFU-XCVR cable............................................................ 54


11/76


9

ScopeSection 1 of this document gives an overview of Nera Evolution Series family of PTP microwave radios.

Section 2 and onwards covers the Evolution Series Long Haul system description and specifications.

1. INTRODUCTION EVOLUTION SERIES

The Nera Evolution Series covers products for all type of professional wireless carrier systems. Neras

microwave experience dates back more than 60 years, with a leading position in this field.

The Nera Evolution Series microwave radio dramatically changes the operations for wireless transmission

network owners. With common platform architecture, transmission capacity, system configurations and

transmission protocols can be changed to adapt to future needs. Evolution Series is designed with focus

on high MTBF to achieve low cost of ownership. Fullband XCVRs leads to requirement for very few

spare parts and simplified logistics. Evolution Series ensures maximum uptime and low maintenance.

The Evolution Series microwave radio family is designed to transmit data rates from about 6 Mb/s to 1.6

Gbit/s, in frequency bands from 4 GHz to 40 GHz. The configuration of capacity and modulation isconfigurable, giving an optimal balance between system gain and spectral efficiency. The units in the

system are very flexible allowing a wide range of capacities and features to be enabled by software.

Network operators can easily future proof the network as the microwave radio can easily adapt to the

evolution of the transmission network. Growing traffic and the convergence of network technologies

causes changing requirements, such as capacity upgrades, change of transmission systems between PDH,

SDH/SONET and pure Ethernet; all this is simply implemented by software configuration change and

change of interface modules. The available interfaces range from E1, T1, E3, DS3 STM-1/OC-3, and

STM-4/OC12 to 10/100BASE-TX and Gigabit Ethernet.

The Evolution Series radios are integrated in Neras EM/NMS system, NetMaster. Integration of Faultand Performance management into 3rd party SNMP Managers are possible using the Evolution SNMP

MIBs provided by Nera.

Evolution Series Main Features and Benefits:

9 Licensed frequency bands from 4 to 40 GHz, ETSI and ANSI9 Indoor and outdoor configurations from non-protected to 7+1 or 10+09 Channel bandwidths from 5 to 56 MHz9

Throughput from 6Mb/s in 5MHz to 350Mb/s in 56MHz9 One Transceiver covers one complete frequency band (very few spares needed)9 Low power consumption9 Embedded advanced Ethernet switching features9 Native Ethernet9 Ethernet over SDH/SONET


12/76


1.1 Technology and Arch itecture

The Evolution Series microwave radio utilizes the state-of-the-art technology to achieve low power

consumption and high reliability.

A high degree of RF circuit integration is achieved using Microwave Monolithic Integrated Circuits

(MMICs). This, combined with a direct at RF modulation architecture, enables a broadband and compact

XCVR design. Furthermore, patented power amplifier technology delivers low power consumption which

further enhances reliability.

The modem contains multidimensional coded modulation, combined with a powerful block code. The

resulting two-stage error correction improves system margin over traditional single FEC systems such as

QAM, TCM or MLCM. The modem is extremely flexible, enabling an optimum configuration for all

capacities and channel plans.

The XVCR can be used for all transmission capacities and covers the whole band, both high and low part.The same XCVR is used in both Split Mount Access Systems and Long Haul Systems. For Long Haul

Combiner Space Diversity XCVR is also available.

Split Mount Access Systems are using an ODU Unit which consists of the XVCR and a Diplexer Unit.

Most frequency bands can be covered by four ODU variants for the whole band. The frequency setting is

easy and is performed locally or remotely by the LCT function. The ODU can for most frequency bands

be mounted directly on the antenna, both in unprotected and protected configurations. The ODU can also

be mounted on the antenna pole, using a short flexible waveguide to the antenna.

The various InterFace Units (IFUs) are extremely compact, catering for cost efficient solutions to both

TDM and Ethernet traffic needs. The IFUs contains the user interfaces, baseband processing and

multiplexing, management and radio interfaces.

The demodulator contains an integrated digital interference canceller, which can be used to provide the

XPIC function, enabling two carriers to be transmitted over the same frequency, using dual polarised

antennas.

The optional embedded ADM/DXC function provides multiplexing for user traffic into the STM-1/OC-3

signal. In traffic node systems, the digital cross connect (DXC) routes the user traffic between the various

link directions without the need for cabling or external multiplexers. Chain, ring, star and mesh topologies

are supported, with individual choice of unprotected or protected (SNCP) traffic circuits. The multiplexer

supports a mix of traffic types, such as E1, T1, E3, DS3 and Ethernet.

Ethernet functionality includes traffic node functions with L2/VLAN-switching, traffic aggregation and

QoS. The feature set is continuously enhanced to fit in with the development in the industry and radio

specific functions are included to optimise the packet transport for radio transmission.

The equipment configuration and licences can be stored in an external file. When a new Supervisory Unit

is inserted, the equipment configuration can then easily be restored to the radio equipment. The

configuration can also be copied to other terminals.


13/76


11

2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION EVLOUTION SERIES LONG HAUL

2.1 System Overview

Evolution Series Long Haul is a scalable all indoor or split mounted microwave equipment for

transmission of N x STM-1/OC-3 in the frequency bands from 4 to 11 GHz.

The system comprises one to five interconnected IFUs with interface units and power supply connection

to the system, up to ten XCVRs and the RF branching system. Connection to the antenna is by elliptical

WG. The indoor system is mounted in a 19 rack.

CCDP configuration with XPIC is available in all frequency bands for all modulation schemes. The

transmission protocols are SDH or SONET. Ethernet traffic is transported using the Ethernet over SDH

standards; GFP, VCAT and LCAS. The Long Haul Configuration can also be used for the Hybrid TDM

and Ethernet mode XPAND. See chapter2.7

Configurations

n+1, n = 1 to 7

n+0, n = 1 to 10

Asymmetrical HSB

Features

Combiner Space Diversity

Co-channel operation with XPIC

Adjacent channel operation ~28 and 40 MHz CS

STM-1/OC-3 and STM-4/OC-12

Integrated ADM/DXC option

Low Power Consumption

Transceiver units covers complete frequency band

Ethernet over SDH/SONET

Figure 2-1 Long Haul Indoor Mounted system, 10+0


14/76


The split mount version has an outdoor branching housing with capacity of four XCVRs, also with the

options of Combiner Space Diversity and Co-channel operation. Two housing can be used with dual

polarised antennas giving a total capacity of eight channels. In this configuration the connection between

indoor and outdoor part is by coaxial cable.

Figure 2-2 Long Haul Split Mount outdoor part, 3+1/4+0

2.2 Sof tware Overview

The equipment contains a software package which includes the SW modules for all units in the system.

The SW is continuously updated and new releases will include new features and enhancements. A Service

Level Agreement (SLA) is recommended in order to always get access to the latest SW release.

The controller in the SU has two software banks, one active and one inactive for backup and upgrades.

Upgrades can be downloaded to the inactive software bank using the Graphical User Interface (GUI) or

the element manager (NetMaster). Active software bank can be switched any time controlled from

NetMaster or through the GUI. Software to the XCVR is automatically uploaded from the controller at

power up. Optional software licenses are stored in the controller. Each terminal is given an IP-address and

is considered as a network element together with its accompanied XCVRs. Terminal configuration can be

uploaded from the terminal for backup and duplication needs, and downloaded to the terminal from a

saved configuration file.


15/76


13

2.3 Space Diversity

Space Diversity with IF combiner is available for all configurations both indoor and split mount with

outdoor branching housing.

A Space Diversity system includes a separate branching system for the Space Diversity antenna and

Space Diversity transceiver units. These units contain one transmitter and two receivers. The signals from

the two receivers are combined.

Figure 2-3 2+0 Space Diversity Terminal

2.3.1 Combining principles and performance

The combining method is in-phase IF-combining. The effect of this combining is an improvement of the

receiver threshold in fading situations when input levels are low. The improvement is at least 2.5 dB for

signals of the same level at an arbitrary phase difference

Maximum difference of wave-guide lengths between main and diversity antennas is 30 meters for a

standard space transceiver. An additional 30 meters is offered as an option. The static delay compensation

is automatically adjusted during system installation via the Web interface. External delay compensation

or external instruments are not needed.


16/76


2.4 Modes of operation

The system can be operated in Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) mode, Adjacent Channel

Co-Polarization (ACCP) mode, and Co-Channel Dual Polarized (CCDP) mode.

Figure 2-4 Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarization (ACAP) mode

Figure 2-5 Adjacent Channel Alternate Co-Polarization (ACCP) mode

1 3 5 7 9

2 4 6 8 10

V

H

28/30/40 MHz

Figure 2-6 Co-Channel Dual Polarized (CCDP) mode

CCDP with XPIC is an effective way of doubling the link capacity by utilising both polarisations on a

channel. Some interference between the two signals will occur over the link but the Cross Polarisation

Interference Canceller (XPIC) will filter this interference in the demodulator. The XPIC filter has a

typical XIF of 20 dB.

ADC: Analogue to Digital ConverterDEC: Symbol Decision and Error Correction

Figure 2-7 Co-channel operation with XPIC


17/76


15

2.5 User Interfaces

The system can handle a mix of both TDM traffic and Ethernet traffic, available interface units are: STM-1/OC-3 electrical or optical.

STM-4/OC-12 optical1

Ethernet (4x10/100BASE-TX, 1000BASE-T and 1000BASE-X (SFP))

The terminal can also be equipped with DXC Frame and E1, T1, E3 and DS3 interfaces.

12xE1, 25xE1, 8xT1, 16xT1 and 3xE3/DS3

Integrated DXC can be used in all configurations and the DXC Frame can connect to up to three

channels. See chapter5.4 for examples.

Available auxiliary interfaces are: E1/T1 Wayside, Ethernet Wayside, 64 kb/s, EOW and External Alarm

and Controls.

2.5.1 64 kb/s auxiliary channels and EOW

Interfaces for 64 kb/s Auxiliary channels are available at the EOW Unit and the separate 64 kb/s Unit.

The 64 Kb/s channels can be transported in available channels in the SOH/TOH or in two channels in the

NERA Frame. Maximum five channels for EOW and 64 kb/s can be allocated per main channel. The

units can also be used to set up a management 64 kb/s point to point connection over radio, line or

external 64 kb/s line. For more details see the unit descriptions 6.10 and 6.11.

2.5.2 E1 and T1 Wayside channel

An E1 or T1 Wayside channel is available by using bytes in the SOH/TOH. The E1/T1 Wayside Unit is

required for. G.703 interface. The unit handles one channel.

2.5.2.1 Ethernet Wayside

The 2 Mbit/s wayside capacity can be used to carry Ethernet traffic. Ethernet port(s) at the SU is used as

interface. The Ethernet packets are mapped into the SOH/TOH.

See chapter3.3 for more details about use of SOH/TOH.

2.5.3 External Alarm and Controls

See unit description. Chapter6.12

1 STM-4/OC-12 links with demultiplexing to STM-1/OC-3 requires DXC Frame


18/76


2.6 Branching System

The low loss RF-branching system combines up to 10 channels to one antenna port. The branching

system contains narrow band RF-filters for each channel and circulators connecting the channels together.The branching system can be split for transmission on both polarisations. In Space Diversity

configuration, two receive branchings are used in parallel connecting the two antennas to two receivers

inputs for each channel.

If system expansion is planned, the branching can be delivered for the final configuration.

Figure 2-8 Branching Diagrams 1+1/2+0 and 3+1/4+0 Dual Polarized

Figure 2-9 Branching diagrams 7+1/8+0 and 3+1 Space Diversity


19/76


17

2.7 XPAND Long Haul Terminal

Evolution Series XPAND is a scalable hybrid Ethernet and PDH radio. Transmission capacity ranges

from 6 Mbit/s to 150 Mbit/s. The transmission can be either E1&Ethernet based (ETSI) or T1&Ethernet

based (ANSI).

Link Configurations are 1+0, 1+1/HSB and 1+1/HSD SD.

Space Diversity with IF combiner is available for 150 Mb/s capacity

The E1/T1 signals and the Ethernet traffic are mapped in to a scalable frame for radio transport. The

frame has in addition to the main traffic a NERA overhead (NOH) with two 64 kb/s channels used for

EOW or 64 kb/s user channel and a 192 kb/s out of band management channel (DCN).

NOH

nxE1/T1

Scalable Frame size

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETH

ETHNative mapping Ethernet Packets

Selectable mix

Figure 2-10 Scalable frame

2.8 User Interfaces

Four 10/100 BASE-TX

12xE1 and 25xE1 Units, 8xT1 and 16xT1 Units 4x64 kb/s Unit

EOW and 2x64 kb/s Unit

Alarm and Control Unit

Capacities ETSI

Scalable 8, 16, 32, 40, 56, 80, 100, 150 Mbit/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 16, 20, 28 40, 50, 75xE1)

Capacities ANSI

Scalable 6, 12, 22, 24, 50, 100, 125 and 150 Mbit/s transmission capacity (4, 8, 14, 16, 32, 64, 80, 96xT1)

More detailed specifications are available upon request.


20/76


3. SDH/SONET FEATURES AND DXC FUNCTIONALITY

3.1 Section Termination

The radio channel can be configured with RS- or MS-termination according to ITU-T Rec.G.783. A

standard Long Haul terminal with STM-1/OC-3, Gigabit Ethernet interface or STM-4 interface will be

configured with RS-termination and the radio link is a regeneration section.

When the radio is configured with DXC or tributary units, the radio will always be configured for MS-

termination.

3.2 Scrambling / descrambling functions

The system contains both a STM-1/STS-3 scrambler/descrambler according to ITU-T Rec. G.707 and a

radio specific scrambler/descrambler, which randomises the transmitted digital signal in order to make the

RF power spectrum as uniform as possible, irrespective of the transmitted data.

3.3 Section/Transport Overhead (SOH/TOH)

Use of TOH/SOH is according to ITU-T Rec. G.707.

Access to bytes in MSOH at a regenerator is according to ITU-R Rec.750. A description is given in Table

3-1: Shaded bytes can be used for 2Mbit/s, 1.5 Mbit/s or Ethernet wayside channel. These bytes and the

E1, E2, F1, MS#1-3, Z1#1-2, or Z2#2 bytes can be used as 64 kb/s user channels. Maximum three 64 kb/s

channels can be allocated per SOH/TOH. In addition there are two user channels in the NERA Frame

overhead.

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0 N N

B1 MS#1 MS#2 E1 X X F1 N NRSOH:

D1 MS#3 X D2 X X D3 X X

H1 H1 H1 H2 H2 H2 H3 H3 H3

B2 B2 B2 K1 X X K2 X X

D4 X X D5 X X D6 X X

D7 X X D8 X X D9 X X

D10 X X D11 X X D12 X X

MSOH:

S1 Z1#1 Z1#2 Z2#1 Z2#2 M1 E2 N N

Table 3-1 Utilisation of SOH bytes

3.4 SOH/TOH Frameword and bytes

The first nine bytes in the frame (row 1 in SOH/TOH) are unscrambled according to ITU-T Rec. G.707.

A1: Frameword (11110110)

A2: Frameword (00101000)

N: Bytes reserved for national use. Used for wayside or user channel

J0: Regenerator Section Trace

B1: BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved Parity-8) (RST)

B2: BIP-24 (Bit Interleaved Parity-24) (MST)MS#1-3: Media specific bytes. User channel


21/76


19

E1-byte: User channel

F1-byte: User channel

H1-H3: AU/SPE-pointers.

K1/K2-byte: Bytes for APS signalling. MSP function is not implemented

K2 (b6-b8) MS-Remote Defect Indication

D1-D3 bytes: Embedded control channel - Regenerator, ECCr (Not Used)

D4-D12 bytes: Embedded Control Channel - Multiplexer -ECC-M (Not Used)

S1-byte: Synchronisation Status Message

Z1/Z2-byte: User channel

M1-byte: Remote Error Identifier (MS-REI)

E2-byte: User channel

3.5 Mapping and multiplexing DXC Unit & DXC Frame

The equipment supports both SDH and SONET mapping. For Ethernet traffic, GFP mapping is used. See

chapter4 for more details.The DXC supports SDH and SONET Mapping and multiplexing of E1, E3 and DS3 according to Figure

3-1 and Figure 3-2.

Figure 3-1 SDH Mapping and Multiplexing

VT1.5SPE

STS-1SPE DS3 async/Ethernet

DS1 async/Ethernet

VT1.5

VTgroup

x4

STS-1

x7

STS-3OC-3155 Mb/s

x3

STS-3cSPE

STS-3 Ethernet

Figure 3-2 SONET Mapping and Multiplexing


22/76


3.6 Mapping and mul tiplexing STM-4/OC-12

A terminal with STM-4/OC-12 interface supports Mapping and multiplexing according to Figure 3-3. If

the payload contains four individual STM-1/OC-3 signals the payload may be partially populated. Thisallows the use of the STM-4/OC-12 interface on a link with lower capacity. If the payload is a

concatenated signal a link capacity of 622 Mbit/s is mandatory.

Figure 3-3 SDH and SONET STM-4/OC-12 Mapping

3.7 Cross-connect support

The DXC Unit or the larger DXC Frame provides the SDH/SONET multiplexer functionality.

It can be configured as terminal, ADM with two transmission directions or as X-connect with up to four

transmission directions. It can also be used without XCVRs as a DXC terminal. The node has a non-

blocking cross-connect capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total

cross-connect capacity of 4VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Unit) and 8VC-4/STS-3 (DXC Frame). The data traffic

can be a mix of TDM and Ethernet.

DXC Frame

LIU/RIU

LIU/RIU

Figure 3-4 DXC Unit Figure 3-5 DXC Frame

3.7.1 Sub Network Connection ProtectionIn a ring or mesh topology the traffic signals can be protected by SNCP. This is done by transmitting the

relevant VC/SPE in both directions in the ring. At the receive direction, the available or better-quality

signal is selected. Manual switching is also possible.

The following switching criteria are used:

AU/TU AIS and AU/TU LOP alarms

Unequipped Signal and Trace Identifier at VC level

User Command from the LCT or from EM/NMS.

The protected VC-n/SPEs circuits can be selected from any STM-1/STS-3 signal connected to the DXC.


23/76


21

3.8 Synchronisation

The terminal contains an optional SETS function included in the DXC. In RST mode the SETS function

is not required and the incoming 155 Mbit/s signal is transmitted without re-timing. Transmit and receive

directions are independent from each other and can have different timing sources.

In MST mode the SETS function is providing the equipment clock. The SETS function can be

synchronised to one of the following sources:

155 Mbit/s signal from line or radio direction

2 MHz clock input

One selectable 2 or 1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal

Internal oscillator (free running)

The user sets the available synchronisation references sources in priority order. The highest quality source

is used to synchronise the equipment clock, but if there are several sources available with equally high

quality, the source with higher priority is used. If a timing source is not available (loss of signal) or its

timing signal is outside tolerances, the SETS function will select the next available source with the

highest quality.

3.8.1 Synchronisation status messaging

Synchronisation status messaging can be used to ensure that the best available timing source will be used.

The messaging is also used to prevent timing loops in SDH ring and mesh networks. The status

messaging is transferred in the S1 byte in the Section Overhead.

The synchronisation status quality levels are shown in the table below.

Abbr. ETSI Ref. Quality

G.811 QL_PRC Primary Reference Clock (PRC) defined in ITU-T rec. G.811

G.812T QL_SSU T Transit node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812G.812L QL_SSU L Local node clock defined in ITU-T rec. G.812

SETS QL_SEC Synchronous Equipment Timing Source (internal oscillator)

Do Not Use QL_DNU Do not use for synchronisation (to prevent timing loops)

Table 3-2 Synchronisation quality levels

In case the synchronisation status message is not contained in the synchronisation input signal, for

example in the external 2 MHz or in 2/1.5 Mbit/s tributary input signal, the quality level can be defined

manually by the operator.


24/76


4. ETHERNET FEATURES

4.1 Ethernet over SDH/SONET Mapping

Ethernet traffic is transported over the radio link by mapping Ethernet traffic into SDH/SONET

containers. Mapping into VC-12, VT1.5, VC-3 and VC-4 containers are supported. The transmission

capacity is scalable from one VT1.5/VC-12 to four VC-4 (600 Mbit/s).

Standardised GFP-F mapping with Null Extension Header according to ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303 is applied.

Payload Frame Check Sequence is not used (PFI=0).

The VC containers can be mapped toward both radio or line interfaces. This can be very useful if existing

SDH/SONET network is available for some of the capacity. For high capacities the LCAS feature is

superior to Link Aggregation as the link even if consisting of several XCVRs or external STM-1

connections, is seen as one channel from the Ethernet layer. The LACS protocol automatically scales thecapacity with available connections (channels).

Figure 4-1 600 Mbit/s Ethernet Link

4.1.1 VCAT and LCAS support

Evolution Series supports virtual concatenation and LCAS according to (ITU-T G.7042/Y.1305). Four

VC-groups are supported. The members of the VC-group must be of the same type. The following groups

are available: VC-12 x n, where n=1..64

VT1.5 x n, where n=1..64

VC-3 x n, where n=1..12

VC-4 x n, where n=1..4

The LCAS protocol implemented covers the following functions:

Automatically temporary removal of a faulty VCAT member.

Automatically insertion of a temporary removed VCAT member when the fault is repaired.


25/76


23

4.2 Ethernet services

The Ethernet Unit can be configured in three different modes

Switch mode with four LAN and one WAN Port to port mode with one WAN

Port to port mode with up to four WAN

4.2.1 Switch mode - E-Line with VLAN/MAC switching

In switch mode the unit has one WAN port and five LAN ports. (Both GbE ports can be used).

Each port can be defined to be member of a VLAN or a VLAN range. LAN ports will only accept packets

with specified VLAN and packets will be forwarded to all port members of VLAN until MAC destination

address is learned. The traffic can be untagged or customer tagged, in case of untagged the GbE switch

can add defined tag value.

WAN capacity is scalable from 2Mbit/s (1.5Mbit/s ANSI) to 600 Mbit/s.

The switch can be set to add/strip a user defined VLAN tag on the traffic on LAN ports

QoS is supported on WAN port.

Figure 4-2 VLAN aware switch


26/76


4.2.2 Port to Port Mode

In port to port mode there are up to four transparent LAN connections in parallel and there is no

connection between each of them. Incoming traffic on Port 1 is sent to Port 1 on the opposite side.Port 2 to Port 2, etc. As an option Port 4 (Electrical Gigabit Port) can be connected to Port 5 (Optical

Gigabit Port) on the opposite side of the hop. The LAN connections share the total link capacity

which is up to 600 Mb/s (4xVC-4). Traffic may be untagged or customer tagged VLAN transparent.

Physical Interfaces

PHY1

PHY2

Ethernet Switch

PHY3

PHY4

MappingAnd VCAT

Physical Interfaces

PHY1

PHY2

Ethernet Switch

WAN port

LAN ports

PHY3

PHY4

MappingAnd VCAT

Up to 600 Mb/s

Figure 4-3 Port to port mode


27/76


25

4.2.3 Multiple E-Line

With port to WAN mapping each individual Ethernet port forms a separate channel through the link. Port

mapping is achieved by using inserting a VLAN-tag on incoming traffic. This VLAN-tag is removed atthe output-port.

Each LAN port will be mapped to a given WAN (Virtual Container Group VCG) Traffic may be untagged or customer tagged VLAN transparent Up to four WAN port/links can be used. WAN capacity per port is scalable as described in

chapter4.1.1. Aggregated WAN capacity is maximum 600 Mbit/s

QoS is supported on the aggregated traffic on the WAN port.

Figure 4-4 Port to Link Mapping - Multiple E-Line


28/76


4.3 QoS features.

The QoS characteristics of the system will naturally be governed by the queuing and buffering strategies

of the subsystems. To allow for a wide array of applications for this product these strategies are made userselectable.

4.3.1 QoS priority scheme

Four traffic queues representing four priority levels are available. Traffic can be prioritised based on

VLAN 802.1p, type of service or port.

1. VLAN (802.1p user priority)Priority level can be assigned based on VLAN user priority represented by 8 decimal values

(0-7).

2. DSCP/TOS (IPv4/IPv6)Priority level can be assigned based on DSCP/TOS represented by 64 decimal values (0-63).

3. Port (Ethernet input ports)Priority level can be assigned to each port individually.

4. QoS priority OFF (Maximum throughput)All traffic has equal priority.

4.3.2 QoS scheduling mode

The queues can be set up with either fair or strict queuing

Fair queueing

Fair queuing tries to distribute forwarding capacity between the different priority levels to prevent high

priority data streams from completely blocking lower priority streams. Scheduling is done according to a

fair weighting (8, 4, 2, 1) applied to the four priority queues.

Strict queueingAll top priority frames egress until that priority's queue is empty. Then the next lower priority queue's

frames egress, etc. This ensures that all high priority frames egress as soon as possible.

4.4 Ingress rate limiting

Per port ingress rate limiting with optional flow control is available and can be set independently of other

settings. Drop mode can be configured to either continuous drop or burst drop. Flow Control uses pause

frames.

4.5 Frame delay Ethernet Interfaces

Frame delay specified below is according to ITU-T Y.1563, Network Section and RFC 1242 store-and-

forward definition: "The time interval starting when the last bit of the input frame reaches the input portand ending when the first bit of the output frame is seen on the output port."

Numbers in the table below are given for a link with no queuing-delay and all link capacity allocated to

Ethernet-traffic. Propagation delay excluded.

Packet SizeFrame delay

100 BaseTX interface

Frame delay

1000BaseT interface

64 bytes < 250s < 240s

700 bytes < 290s < 290s

1518 bytes < 350s < 355s

Table 4-1 Ethernet Packet frame delay VC-4 mapping


29/76


27

4.6 MAC learning

MAC-learning can be enabled/disabled. MAC-table aging is configurable.

MAC address table size is 8000.

4.7 Maximum Packet Size

With port-mapping enabled, the equipment is transparent to packet-sizes up to 1628 bytes. With port-

mapping disabled, the equipment is transparent to packet-sizes up to 1632 bytes.

4.8 Ethernet Statistics

RMON statistics counters are supported. Counters can be read via the WEB interface, NetMaster or an

SNMP Manager.

4.9 Typical Ethernet Throughput

Ethernet throughput is measured according to RFC 2544. Throughput higher than channel bit-rate is

achieved by removing Inter-Packet-Gap over the air. The Inter-Packet-Gap is then restored before thepackets leave the IFU.

Packet sizeData-

rate64 bytes 1518 bytes

# VC4s Mbit/s Mbit/s

1 156 146

4 626 582

Table 4-2 Ethernet Throughput

4.10 Link-Loss Failure pass through on the Ethernet portEvolution Series supports a Link-Loss Failure pass through, LLF. This is useful for routers or switches to

detect that the Ethernet connection has failed or there is no pass through connection through the radio link

side. The LLF function is based on the principle that the interface on the opposite side will be

disconnected when the link on the Ethernet port or the radio link has failed. Hence, a failure situation will

be communicated to either ends in the link configuration.

When there is a radio link failure, the LLF function will control the Ethernet link on the opposite side of

the radio link by the link status on each side. I.e. if the incoming Ethernet signal on one side is

disconnected, the output on the Ethernet port on the opposite side will be turned off.

LLF is not supported in Switch Mode.


30/76


5. TERMINAL CONFIGURATIONS

5.1 General

Evolution Series provides a lot of freedom for configuring a terminal to fit with the user needs. The main

building blocks are the Line Interfaces (LIU), the Radio Interfaces (RIU) the Main Data Switch (MDS)

and the optional DXC. The MDS makes connections between LIUs, DXC and RIUs. See Figure 5-1

below.

STM-1/OC-3, Gigabit and STM-4/OC-12 interfaces can be connected directly to a RIU. The PDH

interfaces (E1/T1/E3 and DS3) have to be connected through the DXC. In a repeater site RIUs from two

directions can be interconnected. In addition the terminal can be equipped with Auxiliary Interfaces.

Figure 5-1 Evolution Series Long Haul block diagram

The MDS connects the IFU together and three different connection panels are used.

Two IFU Connection panel, used for configurations with up to 4 channels.

Four IFU Connection panel, used for configurations with more than 4 channels.

Four IFU and DXC Frame Connection panel. Used if DXC Frame is needed.

Figure 5-2 Two IFU

IFU

8 DIR DXC

IFU

IFU

IFU

Figure 5-3 Four IFU Figure 5-4 Four IFU and DXC


31/76


29

5.2 Terminal Configurations

Evolution Series Long Haul can have up to ten channels in one rack. Protected systems can be configuredfrom n+1 up to 7+1, unprotected from 1+0 to 10+0. Asymmetrical HSB is also available. Two racks can

be combined for configurations up to 2x(7+1) or 2x(8+0).

Figure 5-5 Block Diagram 7+1 Terminal


32/76


5.3 Repeater Terminals

Repeater terminals with internal baseband connection is available for n+0 configurations up to4+01.

IFU

RIUPWR

RIUPWR

XCVR

AUX

IFU

RIUPWR

RIUPWR

XCVR

AUX

SU

XCVR

XCVR

Mainboard

Mainboard

IFU

RIU

PWR

RIU

PWR

XCVR

AUX

XCVRMainboard

IFU

RIUPWR

RIUPWR

XCVR

AUX

XCVRMainboard

Figure 5-6 Block Diagram 4+0 Repeater

1 3+0 and 4+0 repeater with XPIC requires LIU interconnection.


33/76


31

5.4 Terminals with DXC

This chapter includes some examples of terminals with DXC and add/drop of E1 or T1 signals. The DXC

Frame has eight ports, a LIU or a RIU can be connected to a port. LIUs can be placed in an IFU or in theDXC frame (four positions). At an Add/Drop site up to three traffic channels can be connected to the

DXC.

Figure 5-7 n+1 or n+0 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s

DXC Frame

LIU LIU

RIU

RIUp

RIU

MDS

MDS

LIU

LIU

RIU

RIUp

RIU

MDS

MDS

LIU

LIU

RIULIURIU LIU

LIU LIU

Figure 5-8 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 2x155 Mbit/s


34/76



DXC Frame

LIU LIU

RIU

RIUp

RIU

MDS

MDS

LIU

LIU

RIU

RIUp

RIU

MDS

MDS

LIU

LIU

RIULIURIU LIU

Figure 5-10 IFU block diagram n+1 Terminal with DXC 3x155 Mbit/s

n x 155 Mb/s n x 155 Mb/s

DXC DXC

2x155 Mb/s

2x155 Mb/s

100xE164XT1

6xE3/DS3Ethernet

100xE164XT1

6xE3/DS3Ethernet



35/76


33

5.5 Terminal with Gigabit Ethernet

The example below shows a 4+0 terminal with the Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit. Traffic is mapped into

four STM-1/OC-3 signals and gives a data rate of approx 600 Mb/s. An 8+0 terminal can have two

Gigabit cards and transmit 1200 Mb/s. Terminals can also have a combination of Ethernet and STM-1/OC-3 interfaces.

Figure 5-12 4+0 Terminal with Gigabit Ethernet Interface

5.6 Terminal with STM-4 interface

The example below shows a 4+1 terminal with STM-4/OC-12 interface.

Figure 5-13 4+1 Terminal with STM-4/OC-12


36/76


6. UNIT DESCRIPTIONS

6.1 Transceiver (XCVR)

The XCVR hardware is capacity and modulation independent. The XCVR consists of the Transmitter andthe Receiver and it is tuneable over the whole frequency band, both high and low part.

Three XCVR variants are available High Power, High Power Space Diversity and Standard Power.

High power XCVR is default choice for Long Haul.

XCVR Type 4, 5 and 10 GHz L6, U6, 7, 8 and 11 GHz

High Power X X

High Power SD X X

Standard Power - X

Figure 6-1 XCVR


37/76


35

6.2 Universal Interface Unit (IFU)

The Evolution Series IFU is a 1RU high modular unit, containing 9 plug-in slots for various units. The

modular architecture with plug-in slots enables a high degree of flexibility, ease of upgrading/changingconfigurations and easy maintenance.

Figure 6-2 IFU, 1+0 system

The basic IFU frame is common in all configurations and up to four basic IFU frames and one DXC

frame (optional) be stacked together by a rear mounted IFU connection panel.

-

-

-

-

-

-

The lower left position (1) contains the Supervisory Unit. The Supervisory Unit is handling the

configuration of all system units as well as reporting system status to the EM/NMS system. The unit

also has an Ethernet switch with interfaces both for user traffic and management.

The rightmost position (6) houses the FAN Unit, handling the ventilation and temperature

management of the IFU frame.

Line Interface units can be placed in slots 1-5 depending on system configuration. The 25E1, 16T1

and Ethernet traffic interfaces are full height and covers the upper Aux/Serv. position as well. The

Gigabit Ethernet Unit must be placed in slot 3 if mapping to more than one 155 Mb/s is required.

The DXC Unit must be placed in slot 3. The DXC units contain the SETS function and external

synchronisation interface.

The Radio Interface units and Power Supply Unit must be placed in slot 4 or 5. The RIU provides

connection to the XCVR and includes power supply to the IFU and the XCVR. The Power Supply

Unit is used in IFUs without RIU and in n+1 configurations with only one RIU.

The upper Aux/Serv. slots (7, 8 and 9) house any Auxiliary or Service Channel units, such as Alarm

and Control Unit, Wayside Unit, 64 kb Data Channels Unit and EOW Unit. Slot 8 and 9 can house 24

volt adapter

All units can be replaced in the field. Non traffic carrying units can be replaced without interrupting the

service. See paragraph 3 for further description of the various plug-in units.

Slot

# SU LIU RIU/PWR DXC AUX 24 V FAN1 X X

2 X

3 X X

4 X X

5 X X

6 X

7 X

8 X X

9 X X

Figure 6-3 Slot Matrix Universal IFU


38/76


6.3 Supervisory Unit

The Supervisory Unit is handling the configuration of all the system units as well as reporting system

status to the EM/NMS system. It has four 10/100 BASE-TX Ethernet ports for user and management

traffic.Management

The ports are connected to an internal switch and can both be used for connection to the EM/NMS system

and/or for connecting terminals together in a Management LAN/DCN.

An internal OSFP/RIP router handles routing of out of band management traffic. See chapter13.5

User Traffic

User traffic can be mapped into the 2 Mbit/s Wayside channel in the SOH or into a STM-1/OC-3 channel,

see chapter11.2.1 for an example. For higher datarates the Gigabit Ethernet Unit is used. See 6.6.5

6.4 Radio Interface Unit RIUThe RIU contains the interface for connecting the IFU to one XCVR with a single coaxial cable. It also

contains the connector for power supply to the terminal.

6.5 Power Supply Unit

This unit is used in configurations where the IFU houses only interface units and no RIUs. It is also

needed in 2+1, 4+1 and 6+1 configurations due to only one RIU in the last IFU.

6.6 Line Interface Unit LIU

The LIU contains the interface for connecting the user traffic to the IFU.

6.6.1 STM-1/OC-3 Line Interface Units

There is one electrical and four optical STM-1/OC-3 interface units.

The optical interface units are using SFP modules, but they are sold as complete units.

Electrical (G.703) interface unit.

Optical single mode (S-1.1) interface unit.

Optical single mode (L-1.1) interface unit.

Optical single mode (L-1.2) interface unit.

Optical multi mode interface unit.

6.6.2 E1/T1 Interface Units

Four E1/T1 interface units are available, 25xE1, 12xE1, 16xT1 and 8xT1.DXC unit or DXC Frame is also required.

25xE1 interface unit.

12xE1 interface unit.

8xT1 interface unit.

16xT1 interface unit.

6.6.3 3xE3/DS3 Interface Unit

The 3xE3/D3 Unit supports both SONET and SDH mapping. In SDH mode it is also possible to mix E3

and DS3. DXC Unit or DXC Frame is required

6.6.4 STM-4/OC-12 Line Interface UnitsSTM-4/OC-12 unit with S-4.1 optical SFP interface.


39/76


37

6.6.5 Gigabit Ethernet Interface Unit

The Gigabit Ethernet Interface supports Ethernet over SDH functions. The Gigabit Ethernet Interface unit

has three 10/100 BASE-TX ports, one 10/100/1000 BASE-TX port and one SFP slot for 1000BASE-X.

The SFP unit is a separate unit. See chapter4 for more details about the features.

6.7 Digital X-Connect Unit

The optional DXC Unit handles SDH/SONET x-connect and SNCP function as well as SETS function.

The multiplex structure is selectable between SDH and SONET. The SETS function handles node

synchronisation and selection of synchronisation sources. The unit can be used together with XCVRs and

LIUs or with only LIUs as a standalone ADM/DXC. It has a non-blocking cross-connect capability at

VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total cross-connect capacity of 4VC-4/STS-3

6.8 Digital X-Connect Frame

The optional DXC Frame handles SDH/SONET x-connect and SNCP function as well as the SETS

function. The external 2 MHz synchronisation interface is included in the plug-in Power and Sync Unit.The multiplex structure is selectable between SDH and SONET. The unit can be used together with

XCVRs and LIUs or with only LIUs as a standalone ADM/DXC. It has a non-blocking cross-connect

capability at VT1.5, VC-12, VC-3/STS-1 and VC-4/STS-3 levels with a total cross-connect capacity of

8VC-4/STS-3.

6.9 Wayside Unit

The SDH/SONET Wayside Unit supports one wayside channel, selectable to either E1 or T1 traffic. One

RF-channel can carry one wayside channel.

6.10 EOW Unit (Service channel)

The EOW Unit provides a party line service channel for voice communication to other terminals in thenetwork and two 64kbit/s co-directional interfaces.

The voice service channel provides the following functions:

Selective call with two digit telephone number.

Collective call by pressing *-button.

Built-in bridge for east/west connections.

4-wire analogue interfaces for connection to other service channel equipment.

One 4-wire Interface with level adjustment

Two Other Equipment (OE1 and OE2 ) interfaces

The two OE interfaces can be configured for daisy-chain operation

The pinning configuration is adapted to standard Ethernet CAT-5 cable; this enables use of standardcables.

The IFU can be equipped with two service telephone plug-in units unit. A standard telephone handset

connects to the unit.

The 64 kb/s channels serves the same purposes as described in chapter6.11.


40/76


6.11 64 kb/s Serial Channel Unit

The unit contains four 64kbit/s channel interfaces. Two with co-directional interface, one with contra-

directional interface and one V.11 interface (without byte timing). The channels are used for user trafficand can be routed towards line or radio. In addition the unit can set up a 64 kb/s connection from the

Supervisory unit towards the physical interface or towards a 64 kb/s overhead channel.

6.12 Alarm and Control Unit

The unit provides interfaces for collection of external alarms or analogue values, and relays for external

alarm and control outputs. Each interface can be configured individually

Eight alarm inputs

Four relay outputs which can be configured to Latched, Pulsed or Alarm Output mode.

Seven analogue inputs

6.13 Fan Unit

The Fan Unit handles temperature management of the IFU and consists of three fans. An alarm is

generated if one of the fans should fail. The Fan Unit is field replaceable without interrupting the service.

6.14 Power Supply and Sync Unit

This unit contains the power supply interface to the DXC frame and the 2 MHz External synchronization

interface.

6.15 24 V Power Interface Adapter

Adapter for conversion from +24 to -48 Volts. The unit feeds one RIU. It can be used with the Universal

IFU.

6.16 LEDs

All IFU units have a LED indicating power on and alarm status.

Continuous green Power on, normal operation

Slow blinking green Unit is initiating

Fast blinking green Units is receiving configuration

Continuous red Alarm on unit

Slow blinking red Unit is receiving configuration

Fast blinking red Units is not configured or is placed in a wrong IFU slot


41/76


39

7. GENERAL EQUIPMENT CHARACTERISTRICS

7.1 Bandwidth, modulation and radio frame

Transmission of STM-1/OC-3 in ~28 and 40 MHz channels with 128 and 64 MLCM modulation is

supported. In addition to the STM-1/OC-3 signal the radio frame contains a 256 kb/s DCC channel, two

64 kb/s user channels, RPS communication channel and XCVR-XCVR communication channel. The

DCC channels in the SOH/TOH are not used by the radio equipment and one E1/T1 wayside channel is

available by using SOH/TOH bytes.

Channel Spacing

~28 MHz 40 MHz

Modulation 128 MLCM 64 MLCM

Emission Designator 28M0D7W 40M0D7W

7.2 Equipment Reference Points

A principle block diagram for a digital radio relay system, including the main blocks, is shown in Figure

7-1. The block diagram includes marked interface points, which serve as reference points for several

technical parameters used in this document.

Branching

SD

Branching

Figure 7-1 Principle block diagram for a radio system with RF Branching


42/76


7.3 Frequency bands

Evolution Series is available in ITU-R, CEPT, FCC and national frequency bands according to the

following tables. The BW given in the last column is for information only and indicates which BWs theplan includes.

Frequency

Band

Frequency

[GHz]Channel Plan

Duplex

spacing

[MHz]

BW [MHz]

4 GHz 3,6-4.2ITU-R F. 635-6

CEPT 12-08320 30/40

4 GHz 3,8-4.2ITU-R F. 382-8

CEPT 12-08213 29

5 GHz 4.4-5.0 ITU-R F. 746-5 312 28

5 GHz 4.4-5.0 ITU-R F. 1099-3 Annex 1,1 300 405 GHz 4.4-5.0 98 MHz Duplex 98 28

5 GHz 4.4-5.0 100 MHz Duplex 100 28

L6 GHz 5.9-6.4ITU-R F. 383-7

CEPT 14-01E252.04 29.65

U6 GHz 6.4-7.1ITU-R F.384-8

CEPT 14-02 E340 30/40

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ITU-R F.385-7 Annex 3 196 28

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 CEPT 02-06 Annex 1 154 28

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 161 28

7 GHz 7.1-7.4 ACA Rali FX3 270 30

7 GHz 7.2-7.5 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec. 1-4 161 287 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 3 168 28

7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1,4 154 28

7 GHz 7.4-7.7ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 1, 1

CEPT 02-06 Annex 1154 28

7 GHz 7.4-7.7 ITU-R F.385-8 Rec 1-4 161 28

7 GHz 7.4-7.9 ITU-R F.385-8 Annex 4 245 28

7 GHz 7.1-7.7 Korea 300 30

8 GHz 7.7-8.3 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 1 311.32 29.65

8 GHz 7.7-8.3 7.7-8.3 GHz, 40 MHz CS 310 40

8 GHz 7.9-8.4 ITU-R F.386-6 Annex 4 266 28

8 GHz 7.9-8.5 CEPT 02-06 310 28

10 GHz 10.0-10.68 CEPT 12-05 350 28

10 GHz 10.15-10.65 CFT Mexico 350 28

11 GHz 10.7-11.7ITU-R F. 387-9

CEPT 12-06 Rec. 1530 30/40

11 GHz 10.7-11.7ITU-R F. 387-9 Annex 2

CEPT 12-06 Rec. 3490 30/40

Table 7-1 Frequency bands ETSI


43/76


41

Freq. BandFrequency

[GHz]Channel Plan

Duplex

spacing

[MHz]

BW [MHz]

L6 GHz 5.9 - 6.4 CFR47 101.147 Table iSRSP 305.9

252.04 29.65

U6 GHz 6.4 - 7.1SRSP 306.4

CFR47 101.147 Table l

100/340

160/17030

7 GHz 7.1 - 7.4 SRSP 307.1 175

Evolution Series Long Haul Technical Description A

Documents

Transcript of Evolution Series Long Haul Technical Description A