Evolution of African-American Civil Rights Movement_vAna
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Decade of the reconstruction 1867-77: First timein history that blacks occupied elective offices.
Civil rights movement 1955-1965:The essence ofthis period is the purity and morality of the civil rightsmovement of non -violent protest.
Civil rights movement 1965-1979: Moving intoother areas of leadership, politics, economics and government
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Racial segregation: By law, public facilitiesand government services such as educationwere divided into separate "white" and"colored" domains
Disfranchisement: Black voters were forced
off the voting rolls. The number of AfricanAmerican voters dropped dramatically, andthey no longer were able to electrepresentatives.
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Exploitation: Increased economic oppressionof blacks, Latinos and Asians, denial ofeconomic opportunities and widespread ofemployment discrimination.
Violence: Individual, police, organizational,
and mass racial violence against blacks.
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The reconstruction program abolished thewhite governments in the Confederate statesand gave power to the rulers of the five
military districts of the Confederacy. At thattime the 13th,14th and 15th amendmentswere constitutional legacies of the
reconstruction and blacks were allowed tovote
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BY THE END OF 19TH CENTURY
THE INFLUENCED OF BLACKS INSOUTHERN POLITICS WAS
VIRTUALLY NONEXISTENT
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African-American civilrights organization formed in1909.
Mission: ensure the political,educational, social, andeconomic equality of rights
of all persons and toeliminate racial hatred andracial discrimination.
W.E.B Du Bois
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Brown v. Board of Education 1954 Direct action
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery BusBoycott 19551956
Marthin Luther King and theSCLC
Greensboro sit-ins 1960
Ocuppy stores and public places
SNNC and the freedom rides
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Birminghams Campaign 1963-1964
Buildings ocupations, protests in churches and
marchs.
Kings detention Letter from Birminghan jail The Children Crusades
Kennedys support
Washington March 1963
For Civil Rights Law approval
Kings speech
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Non-violent massive mobilizationsClaiming civil rights recognition to vote
Next stepmaterializing it
Civil rights No longer a moral issue but apolitical and economic issue
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The Congress of US passed the Voting Rights
Act in August 1965.
It was a landmark victory in the battle for
African American equality.
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Black Power was a form of both self-definitionand self-defense for African Americans.
It called on them to stop looking to the institutionsof white America act for themselves, bythemselves, to seize the gains they desired,including better jobs, housing and education.
Within the Black Power is founded in 1966 theBlack Panther Party.
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THE TEN POINTS PROGRAM4. We want decent housing, fit for shelter of human beings.5. We want education for our people that exposes the truenature of this decadent American society. We want educationthat teaches us our true history and our role in the present-day society.
1. We want freedom. We want power to determine thedestiny of our black Community.2. We want full employment for our people.3. We want an end to the robbery by the white man of ourblack Community.
6. We want all black men to be exempt from military service.7. We want an immediate end to police brutality and murderof black people.8. We want freedom for all black men held in federal, state,county and city prisons and jails.
l
9. We want all black people when brought to trial to be triedin court by a jury of their peer group or people from theirblack communities, as defined by the Constitution of theUnited States.
10. We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing,justice and peace. And as our major political objective, aUnited Nations-supervised plebiscite to be held throughoutthe black colony in which only black colonial subjects will beallowed to participate for the purpose of determining the will
of black people as to their national destiny.
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Beginning in the 1960s, the term affirmativeaction was used to refer to policies and initiativesaimed at compensating for past discrimination on
the basis of race, color, sex, religion or nationalorigin.
Over the next decades, the Court has limited the
scope of affirmative action programs, whileseveral US states prohibited racially basedaffirmative action.
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Historical background of racialsegregation, disfranchisement,exploitation and violence
By 70s black leaders are gainingpublic offices and achievingmore positions of influence
From latest 60s civil rightsmovements took other directiontowards electoral politics andeconomics arena
acts of non-violent protestand civil disobediencesuch as boycotts, sit-insand marches during the
50s and 60s
Great legislative
achievements such asCivil rights Act of 1964,Voting right act of 1965among others.
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We are unique in America because we canchoose whether to try to change this country
by taking up the bullet or taking up the ballot..
Malcolm X
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Introduction
Traditional view
Historical development
Common points
Anti-feminist feminism
Conclusion FEMINISM
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MEN ARE THE BREAD-WINNERS;WOMEN ARE THE BREAD-BAKERS
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FRENCH REVOLUTION1789-1799
BEGINNING OFABOLITION MOVEMENTUSA 1830
Great War1914
2nd HALF20th CENTURY
Nancy Cott said that
Womens hands were needed
in order to help to carry on this
situation.
The Feminist Movement became moreimportant:
Not only legally recognized butsocially.
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Focused on the problem
that has no name.50% to 70% of women
complained about their
situations at workDemands:
- control over their bodies- decision whether toreproduce.
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By the early 1970s, the advances of the civil rightsmovement had combined with the rise of thefeminist movement to create an African-American
women's movement.
The National Black Feminist Organization wasfounded in 1973.
Shirley Chisholm became the first black woman inCongress in 1968.
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Elizabeth A. Sadowski:traditional woman who
was against abortion.
Donna Carlson:
considered Feminists as
selfish individuals.
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Elizabeth Bird
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Broder, David S. Changing of the Guard, excerpts
Donaldson, Gary A. The Second Reconstruction: A History of the ModernCivil Rights Movement. (Malabar, FL: Krieger Publishing, 2000)
Jonas, Gilbert.Freedoms Sword: The NAACP and the Struggle AgainstRacism in America,1909-1969 (New York: Routledge, 2005)
Brown v.Board of Education,1954, excerpts
Montgomery bus boycott 1955-56, excerpts Selma to Montgomery marches excerpts Mujeres en el mundo. Historia, retos y movimientos (Mary Nash alianza
editorial).
http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Man
ifestos/Panther_platform.html
http://www.history.com/interactives/black-history-timeline http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimiento_por_los_derechos_civiles_en_Est
ados_Unidos http://clio.rediris.es/udidactica/sufragismo2/inicfemusa.htm http://www.monografias.com/trabajos20/movimiento-
feminista/movimiento-feminista.shtml http://www mujeresenred net/historia-feminismo3 html
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