Evidence for Evolution...2015/08/21 · evidence of evolution Identical larvae, different adult...
Transcript of Evidence for Evolution...2015/08/21 · evidence of evolution Identical larvae, different adult...
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Evidence for Evolution1
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Evidence
Evidence of common ancestry
among species comes from
many sources.
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#1 Fossil Evidence FossilsoEarth is Millions of years old!
oFossils in older layers are more primitive than those in the upper layers.
oExtinct Fossils resemble modern animals.
oThis shows a common ancestry.
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Types of Fossils
Permineralizationoccurs when minerals carried by water are deposited around a hard structure
A natural cast forms when flowing water removes all of the original tissue, leaving an impression.
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Types of Fossils
Amber-preserved fossils are organisms that become trapped in tree resin that hardens after the tree is buried.
Fossilized insects
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Types of Fossils
Impressions are imprints left in rock
Preserved remains form when an entire organism becomes encased in material such as ice, ash, tar …
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Dating Fossils
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Relative Dating of Fossils
Estimates the time during which an organism lived
It compares the placementof fossils in layers of rock
Scientists infer the order in which species existed 8
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Radiometric Dating of Fossils
Measures the half-life of the isotope – the time it takes for ½ of the isotope to break down
Carbon-12 stable; Carbon-14 radioactive (carbon in ALL organisms)
Example:– Carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years; decays into Carbon-12
– Compare ratio of C-14 to C-12 to age fossil
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Radiometric Dating of Fossils
Uses Radioactive Isotopes: atoms of the same element with differing neutrons
Example:– 12C and 14C
– 12C = 6 protons + 6 neutrons
– 14C = 6 protons + 8 neutrons
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Radiometric Dating of Fossils
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#2 Geographical Distribution
Geography & environment gives evidence for evolution
Island species most closely resemble nearest mainland species
Populations can show variation from one island to another
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#3 Embryology
Embryo (early developmental stage) gives evidence of evolution
Identical larvae, different adult body forms
Similar embryos, related but diverse organisms
Showscommonancestry
Larva
Adult barnacleAdult crab
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#3 Embryology
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Vertebratesall share gill slits and a tail in their
early embryo stage; Share a common ancestor
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#4 Comparative Anatomy
The study of anatomy provides evidence of evolution
Homologous structures are similar in structure but different in function.
Homologous structures ARE EVIDENCE of a common ancestor.
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Homologous Structures
ARM LEG Flipper Wing
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#4 Comparative Anatomy
Analogous structures are similar in function but differ in structure
Analogous structures DO NOT show common ancestry
Fly wing
Bat wing17
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Structural patterns are clues to the history of a species.
Vestigial structures are remnants of organs or structures that had a function in an early ancestor.
Examples include ostrich wings, human appendix, and wisdom teeth, whale and snake pelvis/hind legs
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Pythons have tiny femurs (leg bone)
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#5 Molecular and Genetic Evidence
AKA Biochemical Evidence
Two closely-related organisms will have similar DNA, RNA, and protein (amino acid) sequences.
This also gives evidence of a common ancestor. 20
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Five examples of Evidence for Evolution
1.Fossils
2.Geographical Distribution
3.Embryology
4.Comparative Anatomy
5.Molecular and Genetic
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