Evidence 091112
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![Page 1: Evidence 091112](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022051400/54c47cfb4a7959996a8b4569/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EVIDENCE
Proving Your Point
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Today’s Agenda
Types of Evidence Providing Evidence Qualities of Evidence Developing Evidence Writing Assignment Creating an Outline Going from Outline to a Draft
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Types of Evidence
Reasons Examples Facts Details Statistics Personal Experiences Anecdotes Quotations
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Internal vs External Sources
Internal – knowledge you have acquired through personal experience
Anecdotes, personal stories External – knowledge you have acquired
through research Statistics, facts
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Developing Evidence
Research vs Personal Experience Citations – External Sources Memory – knowing what to research vs
what you know
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Research
Not Wikipedia – on its own The Internet – the best and worst place
for information Trust nothing on Facebook
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Internet Research
Links to other established sources Use personal accounts as personal
accounts – not authoritative statements Do not rely on personal accounts from
others. Use them to illustrate a point, but find other
sources Starting point, not an ending Don’t be lazy
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Note Taking
Especially important Refer to personal thoughts as well as
information Concrete moments in the reading Reminders of what was written
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Providing Evidence
Arranged according to your thesis Lasting impressions Placed in order
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Arranging Evidence
Should make sense logically Should make sense dramatically
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Possible Arrangements
Chronological Spatial Emphatic Simple-to-Complex
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Chronological
Ordered on time Easy to understand Good with narration Flashbacks and forwards
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Spatial
Ordered by location Easy to lose readers along the way Systematic approach
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Emphatic
Psychological momentum Builds from least relevant to most
relevant
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Simple to Complex
Simplest concepts written first Escalating in complexity Pretty obvious, right?
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Qualities of Evidence
Unified Relevant Specific Adequate Dramatic Accurate Representative Documented
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Unified and Relevant
Collected makes sense for the task at hand
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Specific
Engages readers Avoid vagaries
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Adequate
A variety of evidence Does the whole actually prove the
thesis?
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Dramatic
“Bring the drama” Engages readers Understand what you’re trying to say
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Accurate
Don’t lie Different from “selective editing”
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Representative
Exceptions don’t prove the rule Shows the typical situation
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Documented
Not just academically honest Supports your case Lean on another’s authority
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Writing Assignment
Write a story describing a time that you felt “moved.” Explain what in particular was important to you in that moment. Try to convince me to feel as you felt using different types of evidence.
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Patterns of Development
Description Narration Illustration Division-Classification Process Analysis Comparison-contrast Cause-effect Definition Argumentation-persuasion
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Description
Provides details of an incident
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Narration
Tells a story of an incident Much more involved telling than simply
describing it
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Illustration
Provides concrete examples to illustrate the point
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Division-Classification
Divides the telling into various stages Classifies evidence into those stages
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Process analysis
Step by step accounts Explores what should be done or what is
done
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Comparison-contrast
Compares/contrasts two incidents Builds up authority with similarity of
incidents Can also show how differences in
incidents prove your point
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Cause-effect
Why an incident occurs The consequences of said incident
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Definition
Explores what exactly is meant semantically by evidence
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Argumentation-persuasion
Makes a proposal Makes the case for x, y, or z to be
implemented or believed
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Presenting Your Evidence
Outlines
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Purpose
An Outline should break your paper into manageable pieces.
Expandable Assume half to two-thirds as long as the
paper itself
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An Example
Primary Heading Subsection Subsection
Quotation Primary Heading
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Quotations
From your note taking For college writing, focus around a
particular quote Introduce -> Quote -> Explore-
>Transition
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An Easy Format
Introduce Where are you going?
Quote The quotation itself
Explore How the quotation fits your thesis and
introduction Transition
On to the next point
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Introductions
Transition from the transition Prepares reader for the quotation
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Quote
Most direct and meaningful parts Do not take out of context Prove what you’re trying to say Try to avoid block quotes, except where
necessary to build context
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Explore
Show how the quotation proves your point
Can be multiple sentences long.
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Transitions
Outline will help build these Skip around and go back to them Learn to love subheadings
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Writer’s Block
Skip around in the piece Write as you speak