Social Studies STAAR STUDY GUIDE Everything you needed to know for the test (Just in case you forgot!)

Dates 1776 – July 4th Dec. of Independence 1787 – US Constitution written

1898 – Spanish-American War (SPAM) US becomes a world power and gains control of Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines 1914 – WWI Begins – Europe

1918 – WWI Armistice – Treaty of Versailles – Does the US sign? – NO (isolationism) 1929 – Stock Market Crashes, start of Great

Depression 1939 – WWII Begins in Europe Dec. 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor

1945 – WWII ends May (Victory in Europe) & US uses nuclear weapons (Hiroshima & Nagasaki) in September (Victory in Japan)

1957 – Russia Launches 1st satellite – Sputnik Started Space Race/NASA 1969 – Moon Landing 1991 – Berlin Wall falls and Cold War ends

2001 – Terrorist attacks on World Trade

Center and the Pentagon War on Terror 2008 – Election of Barack Obama

Bill of Rights Amendments 1-10

*INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS* These rights were the first act of

Congress, relate to the list of grievances expressed in the

Declaration of Independence 1s - Personal Freedoms of Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly & Petition 2n - Right to Bear Arms, Gun ownership & regulation for Militia 3rd - No Quartering of Troops 4th - Search & Seizure 5th - Life, Liberty, Property 6th - Criminal Trial Rights such as a trial by a jury of peers 7th - Civil Trial Rights 8th - Cruel and Unusual Punishment 9th - Other rights for individuals 10th - Other Rights for states

Time Periods or ERAS Era Date Info

Westward

Expansionism

1826-

1890s

Manifest destiny, California, Alaska,

Gold, Indian Wars, transcontinental railroad, Homestead Act, populism

Industrial 1870s-

1910s

Electricity, assembly line, agriculture to

factory work, urbanization, child labor, political machines

Gilded Age 1880s-

1900s

Robber barons vs. Captains of industry,

monopolies/trusts, immigration

Progressive Era

1890s-1920

Labor unions, muckrakers, social & government reforms, suffrage, Sherman

Anti-Trust Act, Social Gospel

Imperialism Expansionism

1880s-1900s

SPAM “Remember the Maine” (Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines), Panama Canal,

Hawaii, Big Stick Diplomacy, Open Door,

yellow journalism

WWI

1914-1918

US enters

1917

MAIN long-term causes of WWI, assassination of Archduke, Central Powers

vs. Allied Powers, Lusitania, Unrestricted

Submarine Warfare, Zimmerman Telegraph, Selective Service Act draft,

League of Nations in Wilson’s Fourteen

Points, Treaty of Versailles

Jazz Age 1920s Harlem Renaissance, 1st Red Scare,

Scope’s Trial debate teaching evolution

(traditionalism vs. modernism), jazz, Prohibition, buying on credit, flappers and

the changing role of women, radio creates

national culture, Teapot Dome Scandal

Great Depression

1929-1939

Stock Market crashes, speculation, over production, buying on credit, bank

failures, risky loans, business and bank

closures, high unemployment, Dust Bowl

New Deal

1932-

1939

FDR takes total control government

begins to address depression, Bank

Holiday, Alphabet Soup (PWA, WPA, CCC, AAA) Agencies, 1st 100 Days,

fireside chats

WWII

Allies = US,

Britain, USSR,

and France

Axis = Italy,

Germany, and

Japan

1939-1945

US enters

Dec. 7,

1941

Rise of European dictators in Europe and Asia, ends US Depression, Invasion of

Poland, Holocaust and liberation of

camps, Pearl Harbor attacked by Japan US enters war, Homefront & rationing,

Pacific, Eastern and Western Fronts, Rosie

the Riveter, Executive Order 9066 creates Japanese Internment, G.I. Bill – provides

$$ to returning soldiers

{Turning Points: Midway – Pacific, D-Day – Western Front in Europe,

Stalingrad – Eastern Front in Europe}

Cold War 1946-

1989

Marshall Plan, Iron Curtain, Containment

2nd Red Scare HUAC & McCarthyism, Nuclear Arms Race, Space Race, Korean

War, United Nations, NATO/Warsaw Pact

Civil Rights Movement

1950s-1960s

Organized movement of people and ideas for minority civil rights, civil disobedience

(peaceful protest), Chicano Mural

Movement, Women’s Rights (NOW), Native American Rights (AIM), Title IX,

affirmative action, Civil Rights Act 1964

Vietnam 1964 -

1975

Military Action – Guerrilla Warfare,

Draft, US & South Vietnam against North Viet Cong, Communism and USSR,

Counter Culture, Student Movement Protests, Vietnamization, role of media

Nixon to

Reagan

1969 -

1990

Détente, Watergate, OPEC, Camp David

Accords, Iranian Hostage Crisis,

Conservative resurgence, stagflation, Reaganomics, Peace Through Strength,

Iran-Contra Affair

Post-Cold War Era

1990 – present

USSR dissolves, Persian Gulf War, Contract with America, NAFTA, Clinton

impeachment, Bush v Gore, 9/11, War on

Terror, entrepreneurs, globalization

Must Know Amendments

13th – FREE: Abolish Slavery (freed slaves) Known as the 14th – CITIZENS: Rights of Citizenship & guaranteed due Reconstruction

process of law for all citizens Amendments 15th – VOTE: African-American Male Suffrage 16th – TAX: Created Federal Income Tax – you can

work @ 16 and pay taxes! 17th – SENATORS: Direct Election of US Senators –

elected by the people not state legislatures 18th – DRINK: Prohibition – no alcohol! 19th – WOMEN: Women’s Suffrage (the Right to Vote) 21st – Ends Prohibition and overturns 18th Amendment – Drinking Age is

now 21! 24th – Outlawed Poll Tax (You don’t have to pay to vote, poll taxes &

literacy tests were used to discriminate against minority voters – big deal during the Civil Rights movement)

26th – All US Citizens 18 and older may vote – Why? Vietnam draft

Powerful and Prominent Presidents

1. Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive President, Rough Riders during SPAM War, Square Deal, 3rd Party, Conservation, Trust Buster

2. Woodrow Wilson – Federal Reserve, WWI President, 14 Points peace plan 3. Warren Harding – Return to Normalcy, Teapot Dome Scandal 4. Herbert Hoover – Rugged Individualism, President during Stock Market

Crash, blamed for Great Depression (Hoovervilles) 5. Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR) – 4 term President During Great Depression &

WWII, New Deal, Court Packing 6. Harry S. Truman – Pres. @ end of WWII – dropped Atomic Bombs, Truman

Doctrine = containment of communism at any cost 7. Dwight D. Eisenhower – Gen. & Allied Commander during WWII & D-Day,

President during Cold War, Starts Space Race 8. John F. Kennedy (JFK) – Space Race, Bay of Pigs & Cuban Missile Crisis

(against Communist Cuba and Castro), Space Race/moon 9. Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ) – Pres. after JFK assassinated, Vietnam &

escalation, Civil Rights Act 1964, War on Poverty 10. Richard Nixon – Vietnamization, “silent majority”, détente with China and

Soviet Union, Environmental Protection Agency, Watergate Scandal 11. Jimmy Carter – stagflation due to oil crisis, Camp David Accords

agreement between Israel and Egypt, Iran Hostage Crisis 12. Ronald Reagan – conservatism, Reaganomics, Peace through Strength,

Iran-Contra Affair, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” 13. George H.W. Bush – Rust Belt to Sun Belt migration, Americans with

Disabilities Act, Gulf War, official end of the Cold War 14. Bill Clinton – 1992 election and Perot, NAFTA, impeachment and scandal 15. George W. Bush – 2000 election and Gore, 9/11, War on Terror, Katrina

16. Barack Obama – 2008 election, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

{Expansionism =Imperialism/getting more land/BULLY Isolationism =avoid involvement with others/LONER Executive =President Legislative =Congress/make laws Judicial =Courts}

Known as the Progressive Amendments

{Era =

Tim

e Period N

ation

alism =

Extrem

e pride in ones country Tem

peran

ce =

movem

ent to ban alcohol – Prohibition D

-Day =

Invasion of Norm

andy Flap

per =

20s wom

an defied traditional roles Th

ird P

arty =group to oppose m

ajor political parties}

{Nativism =fear of immigrants Trusts = Monopolies = Companies that eliminate competition Rural = Country Life Urban = City Life Draft = military service required by law Amend = to change} {G

ilded

= C

over

in fa

ke g

old/

mak

e so

met

hing

look

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h M

igra

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n =

Mov

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ove

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War

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=W

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d st

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(no

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Pro

pag

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info

that

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{Primary Source =eyewitness account of history Secondary Source =talk about history after it happens Ration =to limit/conserve Industrialization =change from handmade to machine made}

{Free E

nterp

rise =private ow

nership/competition T

ariff =a tax on imported (foreign) goods E

mb

argo

=US

will not trade w

ith foreign countries Bo

ycott =U

S w

ill not buy goods Laissez-F

aire = governm

ent keeps hands-off business Acq

uire =to get}

WHERE IN THE WORLD?!

Who’s Who? People to know 1. Andrew Carnegie – monopoly in steel industry/ Bessemer Process 2. John D. Rockefeller – Standard Oil monopoly in the oil industry

3. Progressive Reformers and Muckrakers

Susan B. Anthony – Progressive Reformer – Women’s Suffrage

Jane Addams – Social Worker who established Settlement Houses to assimilate immigrants ex: Hull House in Chicago

Upton Sinclair – Muckraker who wrote The Jungle showing problems in meat industry passage of Meat Inspection Act

Jacob Riis – photographer of tenements, How the Other Half Lives

Frances Willard – Temperance Movement leader – prohibition

W.E.B DuBois – Founder of NAACP, immediate equality

Booker T. Washington – African American rights activist

4. Alfred Thayer Mahan – Imperialist – favored strong U.S. Navy 5. Henry Cabot Lodge – Isolationist – opposed the League of Nations 6. John J Pershing – led US troops AEF in Europe during World War I

7. Clarence Darrow – Defense Attorney (pro evolution) Scopes Trial 8. William Jennings Bryan – 3rd Party Presidential candidate for

Populist/Democrat Party, Prosecuting Attorney for Scopes Trial

9. Douglas MacArthur – army commander in the Pacific during WWII

10. Chester Nimitz – navy commander in the Pacific during WWII 11. MLK – Civil Rights Leader of Southern Christian Leadership

Conference (SCLC) civil disobedience/non-violent protest 12. Orval Faubus/Lester Maddox/George Wallace – Southern

democratic governors who supported segregation

13. Thurgood Marshall – NAACP lawyer for Brown vs. Board of Education, 1st African American Supreme Court Justice

14. Hector Garcia, Cesar Chavez, Delores Huerta – leaders of the

Chicano Movement to correct discrimination of Mexican Americans 15. Sandra Day O’Connor – 1st female Supreme Court Justice 16. Sonia Sotomayor – 1st Hispanic Supreme Court Justice 17. Congressional Medal of Honor Recipients (for actions during war):

Alvin York – World War I

Vernon Baker – World War II

Roy Benavidez – Vietnam War 18. Notable Entrepreneurs (people who start businesses):

Bill Gates – Microsoft founder, personal computers

Sam Walton – founder of Walmart

Estee Lauder – cosmetics/make up, free gift with purchase

Robert Johnson – founder of BET

Lionel Sosa – advertising

Oprah Winfrey – media leader and philanthropist (donate $)

Inventions, Inventors, Innovators

Barbed Wire –metal fencing, easy to install, keeps animals in/out, ends open Range/closes the Frontier, Transcontinental Rail Road – Railroad lines connecting east and west coasts making transportation of goods & people faster & easier, creates a national economy Light bulb – factories remain open at night = longer work day Bessemer Process –Process for making & purifying steel Henry Ford – Auto Manufacturer – Assembly Line = Mass Production, # of goods increase, prices decrease WWI Military Technology – machine guns, poison gas, tanks, airplanes, submarines Charles Lindberg –1st man to fly solo across Atlantic Ocean Medical – vaccines, penicillin, antibiotics Jonas Salk – created the first vaccine for polio Communication and access to information – creates a national culture and includes: telephone, telegraph, radio, T.V., computers, internet, satellites Space technology – exploration, GPS, plastics, Velcro

Far Reaching Foreign policy (A country’s plan for how it interacts with other countries)

Monroe Doctrine – European countries cannot colonize North or South America Big Stick Diplomacy – T. Roosevelt’s threat to use military force in Caribbean Open Door Policy – opened trade access to all nations with China Dollar Diplomacy – U.S. investment of money to gain power in Latin America Neutrality Acts – Prohibited loans or arms sales to aggressive nations (at war) Lend-Lease Act – US could sell or give arms and supplies to a country needing American help to defend itself Containment – US policy to stop the spread of communism Truman Doctrine – US has responsibility to help people resist communism Marshall Plan – recovery plan to help rebuild Europe’s economy after WWII Domino Theory – fear that if one country fell to communism, others would follow Détente – relaxing of tension between democratic and communist governments SALT – agreement to stop making nuclear weapons and limit # in existence

Hear Ye Hear Ye! The Court is now in Session – Supreme Court decisions Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 Segregation (separating races) and “separate but equal” facilities is constitutional (OK) Korematsu v. U.S. 1944 War time internment of Japanese-Americans is ruled constitutional. Case overturned 1984. Delgado v. Bastrop ISD 1948 Segregation of Mexican American students in Texas schools is illegal Hernandez v. Texas 1954 Mexican Americans cannot be systematically excluded from juries Brown v. Board of Education 1954 “Separate is inherently unequal” in public schools/integration (desegregation/mixing races) Miranda v. Arizona 1966 Suspect must be informed of his rights to silence and counsel. Tinker v. Des Moines 1969 Stated students had some 1st amendment rights in schools (black armbands in protest of Vietnam) Wisconsin v. Yoder 1972 Amish parents had freedom of religion to keep their children out of high school Roe v. Wade 1973 Right to abortion during 1st trimester of pregnancy. University of Cali. v. Bakke 1978 Quotas for affirmative action in college admissions illegal except where discrimination found. Edgewood ISD v. Kirby 1984 State of Texas must revise its school funding system (Robin Hood $$ to poor areas)

Alaska: Klondike Gold Rush

Panama: site of canal,

quickly move navy

Cuba: USS Maine,

Spanish American War Europe: WWI, WWII European Theater, Cold War

England:

Independence/

American Rev.

Vietnam: War, united

under communist rule

Japan: WWII Pacific

Theater, atomic bombs at

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Soviet Union: Cold War, Space Race

Hawaii: fueling station,

Pearl Harbor

New York City: 9/11

Korea: War, remained divided

at 38 parallel with DMZ

Middle East: Gulf War,

Iran Hostage, Iran-Contra,

War on Terror – Iraq and

Afghanistan