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Events Leading Events Leading to theto the
Civil WarCivil War
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Sectionalism DifferencesSectionalism DifferencesNORTHEAST SOUTH WEST
Economy Business and manufacturing
Cotton-growing Frontier and agriculture
Role of Government
Wanted tariffs
Backed internal improvements
Wanted end to cheap public land
Increasingly nationalistic
Opposed government spending
Increasingly supportive of states’ rights
Wanted federal government to sponsor internal improvements and cheap labor
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Factors Contributing to Sectionalism
* different economic systems
* States’ Rights / Slavery
* Tariffs of 1828 and 1832
* Manifest Destiny
* Industrial Revolution
SectionalismSectionalism
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Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:
- Evangelist / 2nd Great Awakening
- no longer pre destiny
- actions matter
- churches split
• Effects: - more conscience
- Christianity to slaves
- slaves viewed message as
promise of freedom
- Black churches develop
- 1st black national convention
Religion
p. 240
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Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:
- no uniform policy
- school conditions varied
- almost no attendance laws
- classes not divided by grades
• Effects: - tax support for schools
- public funding for elementary
- increase in public school
attendance
- teacher training
Schools
p. 244
Mainly in the NE
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Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:
- more working outside home
- lower wages
- no voting rights
- could not sit on jury
- possessions went to husband
• Effects: - Rallies/ Organized groups
- worked for reform movements
- Temperance movement
- Seneca Falls convention
- more schools open for women
Women
p. 254
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Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:
- opening of more factories
- new technology
- new machines
- need for more labor force
• Effects: - more job opportunities/ unskilled
- increase in production
- immigrants & women in jobs
- development of unions
- regular hours & pay
Work-place
p. 259
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How do they relate ??How do they relate ??• How does sectionalism relate to the
Civil War?
• How does the reform movement relate to the Civil War?
Economic differences, Cultural differences , the West expanded …all these caused more tension between the N & S
As the country developed and we saw needs for change/reform… slavery became a bigger issue
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Events that Led to the Civil WarEvents that Led to the Civil War
1. Sectional differences1. Sectional differences 2. Abolitionist Movement 2. Abolitionist Movement 3. Doctrine of Nullification 3. Doctrine of Nullification 4. Missouri Compromise 4. Missouri Compromise 5. Wilmot Proviso 5. Wilmot Proviso 6. Compromise of 1850 6. Compromise of 1850 7. Kansas – Nebraska Act 7. Kansas – Nebraska Act 8. Bleeding Kansas 8. Bleeding Kansas 9. Lincoln – Douglas Debate 9. Lincoln – Douglas Debate10. Election of 186010. Election of 1860 www.coachgreer.com/Road_T
o_Civil_War_Timeline.htm
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Causes for the Abolition Movement:Causes for the Abolition Movement:
Quakers - challenged slavery on religious grounds
Great Awakening Ministers - believed morally wrong; actions matter
Women - played a big role as reformers - understood being treated unfairly
Westward expansion - new territories kept slave issue in focus
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Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement
Began in the 1830 – 40’s
Immediatists - wanted emancipation now - favored violence or force - more effective for public attention
Moderates - emancipation slow and gradual - nonviolent tactics - methods would win more public support
4 min
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Opposition to Abolition:Opposition to Abolition:- Many Northerners were racist- Many Northerners were racist
- Southerners defense - Southerners defense * economic reasons * economic reasons * Antebellum South/ part of culture * Antebellum South/ part of culture * slaves not able to care for themselves * slaves not able to care for themselves
- Federal gov’t using the - Federal gov’t using the Gag RuleGag Rule (p.253)(p.253) * South refused to debate* South refused to debate
* adopted by Congress * could not discuss slavery issue
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Reform MovementsReform Movements• Cause:
- religious beliefs
- reformers protesting
- publishing magazines
- women’s movement
• Effects: - Gag rule
- revolts
- states’ rights
Abolition
p. 248
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Impact of Uncle Tom’s CabinImpact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe• Wakes people to the horrors of slavery• sold Millions
•When Lincoln meets Stowe, he says "So you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war!"
Impact: help to add fuel to the burning desire to see slavery abolished
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Antislavery Actions Proslavery Action
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Antislavery Actions Proslavery ActionPublished The Liberator Defeat of VA motion
for abolition
North Star Tighter slave regulations
Formed antislavery society
1836 Gag rule
Nat Turner’s rebellion S. Congress refuse to debate
Underground railroad Fugitive Slave Act
p. 248-253
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Free Northern Blacks Slaves in South
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Free Northern Blacks Slaves in South
Racism / fear Labor in fields
Least desirable jobs Work in owners home
Low pay Some skilled jobs in factories
Joined abolitionist movement
Wages went to owners
Basic needs provided
Value as property
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Journal – Nat TurnerHero or Madman???
Read in your textbook p. 252 about the
Nat Turner Rebellion
Based, on what you read, what kind of person do you think Nat Turner
was?
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Nat Turner Timeline 1831Nat Turner Timeline 1831
Rebellion begins with Nat
and his men
Aug. 22 Aug. 23 Oct. 30
Nov. 11Nov. 5Nov. 1-2
Nat’s army dissembles after killing 55 white me,
women, children. Nat disappears
Nat is captured after 70 days
Thomas Gray visits Nat and
compiles The Confession of The Confession of
Nat TurnerNat Turner
Nat is hangedAt trial, Nat pleads his innocence but is found guilty and an insurgent and is sentences to be
hanged
Dies at noon
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Journal – Harriet Tubman Painting
1.1. What are the objects in the painting?What are the objects in the painting?
2. What is the mood, or atmosphere of 2. What is the mood, or atmosphere of
the painting?the painting?
3. What details help create the mood?3. What details help create the mood?
4. How important are the stars, especially 4. How important are the stars, especially
the North Star, in the painting? the North Star, in the painting? ExplainExplain
5. Why might the snake be a good symbol 5. Why might the snake be a good symbol for the evils of slavery?for the evils of slavery?
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No. 10
Harriet Tubman Series
Created by:Jacob Lawrence
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Westward Expansion IssuesWestward Expansion Issues
Missouri Compromise 1820
Wilmot Proviso 1846
Compromise of 1850
Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854
Bleeding Kansas 1854-55
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Missouri Compromise - Missouri Compromise - 18201820 • Balance of power ~ 11 free and 11 slave states
• Missouri applied for statehood ~ would cause unbalance ~ South expected to be slave
• Missouri enters – slave• Maine enter – free
• Rest of the LA territory be divided at 36 30' N latitude line (set by Congress)
~ Above free, below slave p. 222
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Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise
Antebellum
South
Industrial North
Westward
settlement
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Doctrine of NullificationDoctrine of Nullification
• John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun• 18321832• sovereign states had agreed tosovereign states had agreed to accept the Constitutionaccept the Constitution
• they could nullify anything they didthey could nullify anything they did not agree with inside the statenot agree with inside the state
• keep South from leaving the Unionkeep South from leaving the Union
• States’ Rights used for justificationStates’ Rights used for justification (p. 322-323)(p. 322-323)
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Wilmot Proviso - 1846Wilmot Proviso - 1846• Propose: Propose: 1. territory from MX war remain “free soil” 2. California - free state 3. UT & NM terr. - closed to slavery • North North • SouthSouth
•Effect:Effect:
p. 306 & Reading guide
favoredfavoredagainst against (would unbalance (would unbalance Congress to favor N)Congress to favor N)
South threatened to secede from South threatened to secede from UnionUnion
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Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 - proposed by Henry Clay to Congress - hopes of satisfying the south
4 provisions: 1. CA admitted as a free state 2. UT & NM territories could choose (Free or Slave)
- Clay reintroduced popular sovereignty
3. Slave trade would be abolished in D.C. 4. Stricter Fugitive slave laws
Who does this compromise tend to favor Who does this compromise tend to favor
p. 307Why?Why?
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Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 - divided NE territory into 2 states
- initial purpose: create opportunities for a Transcontinental RR
- KS & NE should be free (north of the 36’ 30 line)
- Passing repeals the Missouri Compromise
- will established popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty (states right to choose)
- President Pierce signed the K-N bill into law.
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How do the Compromise and the How do the Compromise and the K-N Acts affect the popular K-N Acts affect the popular
sovereignty choice?sovereignty choice?
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Bleeding Kansas 1854-55Bleeding Kansas 1854-55• groups sent people to Kansas to vote and fight for the cause.
• Missourians crossed the border with rifles to stuff the ballots in favor of slavery
• John Brown, an abolitionist went to Kansas (sent by God to stop the slavery) * He and his men killed many
p. 316
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Bleeding Kansas…cont. Bleeding Kansas…cont. • For Kansas the Civil War began in 1855
• Voting caused the battle to begin
• Kansas was a battlefield over slavery
• Bleeding Kansas widened the gap between the N & S
Kansas enters as.. FREE
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John Brown depicted in a mural titled, "Tragic Prelude" by John Steuart Curray. On display in the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka.
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Political SplitPolitical Split
• By late 1850…discontent … political landscape changing
• Northern Whigs, anti-slave Democrats, & free-soilers formed the Republican Party
- Opposed expansion of slavery
- Party had strength due to diversity
- united only on slave issue
p. 320
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Journal - Dred Scott Case Journal - Dred Scott Case Read p. 332 – Supreme Court decision
1.What position did Taney’s opinion take?
2.Why did Taney’s opinion matter legally?
3.Why did Taney’s opinion matter politically?
4. What is the Historical impact of Taney’s Supreme Court decision and the 13th Amendment?
5. How did the DS decision influence American history?
6. How is this an example of Federalism?
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Dred Scott Case 1857Dred Scott Case 1857Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri• Owner took him into IL and WI (free terr.) • 4 years later returned to MO • Scott sued for his freedom (had lived in a free territory)
* Vital questions for Supreme Court 1. Could Scott sue – Was he a citizen of the U.S.?
2. Was slavery a state issue – did being in a free state make him free?
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Dred Scott Case - continuedDred Scott Case - continuedLegal Importance• expanded the reach of slavery by declaring it property
Political Importance• increased sectional tension
Historical Impact• Supreme Court decision was cancelled out when 13th &14th amendments passed
Example of…Example of… Checks and Balance Checks and Balance
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Lincoln-Douglas DebateLincoln-Douglas Debate* Candidates / 1858 IL senator election
> Democrats - Stephen Douglas > Republicans - Abe Lincoln
- Douglas defended popular sovereignty (not slavery) but protecting democracy
- Lincoln was anti-slavery
* Douglas won the election ~ lost support of southern states
* Lincoln (unknown) became well known after the debate
p. 326
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John Brown’s Raid - 1859John Brown’s Raid - 1859• Harper’s Ferry, VA
• Brown received financial backing from Northern abolitionist
• Goal to seize weapons, distribute to slave,
start an uprising
• Brown was captured
• Hanged for treason
• Viewed as a martyr , terrorist p. 327
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p. 328John Brown going to his hanging by Horace Pippin
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Election of 1860Election of 1860 * Four candidates running for President > N. Democrats - Stephen Douglas > S. Democrats - John Breckinridge
> Republicans - Abe Lincoln > Constitutional Union Party - John Bell
* Republicans platform - limit extension of slavery
Lincoln ---------- Bell ----------- Douglas --------- BreckinridgeLincoln ---------- Bell ----------- Douglas --------- Breckinridge(Rep.)(Rep.) (moderates) (moderates) (Democ.) (Democ.)
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Election of 1860
Election of 1860
http://edsitement.neh.gov/spotlight.asp?id=138
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SecessionSecession- Southern radicals saw no alternatives but to secede
- Believed secession would be peaceful - It would unify the South
- SC led the way in secession * justified based on states rights states rights (said voluntarily joined, voluntary leave)
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Secession - continuedSecession - continued- Within eight weeks MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX voted to secede (deep south)
* a new nation established
* Confederate States of America - Jefferson Davis – President
- Alexander Stephens – VP
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Secession - continuedSecession - continued- South left the union before Lincoln’s inauguration
* Lincoln’s stand:1. would not interfere w/ slavery
where it existed
2. slavery would not be extended
3. no state could lawfully withdraw from the union 4. did not want to provoke war
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EOC WorkbookEOC Workbook• Pages
76 (1,2) 77 (5) 84 (1,2,3) 85 (1,2)
• Read States’ Rights and Nullification on p. 79/80
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Link and LearnLink and Learn• Pages 4 (Harriet B. Stowe)
10 (Bleeding Kansas) 13 (Dred Scott case) 14 (Liberator newspaper) 15 (Parties 1850’ 1860’s) 18 (Dred Scott) 32 (Dred Scott v. Sandford, Secession, Pop. Sovern)
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Review QuestionsReview Questions
• Who would have favored the Kansas-Nebraska Act? WHY?
• Popular Sovereignty is a term that reflects which concept?
• How have the compromises truly affected the slave territory issue?