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THURSDAY, May «, 1954

The 'Phony' LetterThe significance of what Counsel Joseph N.

Welch calls the phony letter in the Army-McCarthy case remains somewhat obscure. Itmay be doubted that Senator McCarthy know-ingly misrepresented the document as a carboncopy of a “letter” from FBI Director J. EdgarHoover to Major General A. R. Bolling, chiefof Army Intelligence in 1951. Actually, thedocument was an abstract of a 15-page reportwhich Mr. Hoover sent to General Bolling—anabstract which the Senator says was slipped tohim by an Army Intelligence officer.

Apparently the “letter” was an accuratesummary of the report, as far as it went. Thisbeing so, there would not seem to have beenany advantage to Senator McCarthy in lettingthe investigating committee accept the docu-ment as a carbon copy of a letter had he knownit to be a carbon copy of a summary of an FBIreport. The Senator has refused to say whogave him the purported letter. He may beright—although that would seem to invalidatethe document as usable evidence. Itwill surelybe a reflection on Army Intelligence, however,if the Army itself is unable to establish re-sponsibility for this leak from highly confiden-tial files.

The incident emphasizes again that there arequestions of integrity and veracity in the Army-McCarthy case. The basic issue is not whetherspecial treatment was sought for an Armyprivate, or whether he received it. As SenatorMcClellan has said, “the charges and counter-charges that have been made strike at theintegrity of the administration of the Army,and also at the integrity of a standing commit-tee of the Senate.” These charges and counter-charges do not involve differences of opinionor conflicting interpretations. Some one is nottelling the truth. And though it may be painfulto carry on the investigation, it should be con-tinued until every effort has been made to findout who has been lying.

The Turks Speak Firnjly <

The Turkish people, in voting their Demo-cratic Party another term in office, have regis-tered an overwhelming approval of policies ofclose and active association with the West. Forwhile foreign policy was not a hotly contestedIssue in the general elections held on Sunday,the Republican People’s Party has hoisted anoccasional trial-balloon attack on “Americaninfluence” in Turkey’s economic and politicalaffairs. Furthermore, the Democratic adminis-tration' of President Bayar is accountable forsuch major decisions in foreign policy as affili-ation with the NATO structure, participation ina tripartite pact with Greece and Yugoslaviaand the recent signing of an alliance withPakistan.

In giving their indorsement to the Demo-cratic Party—to the extent of increasing itsparliamentary margin over the combined oppo-sition—the Turkish voters clearly were record-ing their approval of this bold course in worldaffairs.

Although Turkey is not one of the big pow-ers in terms of size or military potential, itoccupies a peculiarly strategic position—geo-graphically and ethnically—in the anti-Sovietfront. Often a target for Russian pressure, evenbefore the Bolsheviks drove out the czars, Tur-key controls the straits—the oply passage to andfrom Russia’s Black Sea waters. Its Europeanarea is within the Balkan region, its Asiaticarea is part of the Middle East. The factthat its population is predominantly Moslemcontributed to the development of the alliancewith Moslem Pakistan, and there may be an ex-tension of this relationship through treaty as-sociation with Iran, Iraq and perhaps others ofthe Moslem community.

In any case, President Bayar has been as-sured by his countrymen that they trust hisjudgment and that they are willing to stand upand be counted in the world conflict. The Westhas reason also to feel this same confidenceIn President Bayar—an impression that wasstrengthened greatly by the two forthright ad-dresses which he made during his visit to Wash-ington in January. His political victory, andparticularly its landslide character, are mattersfgr gratification here.

9

Canal Parkway , Walkway or What?It is not surprising that tl*e National Capi-

tal Regional Planning Council is a bit confused*over the long-discussed Chesapeake and OhioCanal parkway proposal. There was a time*

when the generally accepted plan was for anautomobile highway over or alongside the bedof the abandoned waterway. Os late there hasbeen agitation for preservation of the old canalright of way as a hikers’ retreat, with, accessby automobile at several convenient points.The National Park Service is said to lean towardthe latter modification of the original program.

There are interests other than Federal tobe considered in any such development of thehistoric “pathway to the West,”' as GeorgeWashington envisioned the canal undertaking.State, municipal and private industrial interestsare involved. There has been opposition frompublic and private quarters in Maryland toconstruction of q motor parkway along theupper reaches of the canal. It is feared therethat the highway would interfere with indus-trial development of the Potomac River.

Some authoritative .over-all agency should

try to bring all the parties Into -agreement onsome plan, as a basis for congressional consid-eration of the canal project at an appropriatetime. The logical body to seek this clarifica-tion of ideas and merger of efforts is theRegional Planning Council. Congressthe council for just such tasks as this. Com-posed of representatives of all the jurisdictionsconcerned, the council can be an effective in-strument in bringing about a meeting of mindsamong the planners. The council was carryingout its responsibilities, therefore, when it votedto hold hearings on the whole canal develop-ment proposal. Only through quch hearings isthere much chance of resolving the difficultieswhich have complicated the drawing up ofdefinite plans for the canal parkway or walk-way or whatever it is to be.

Mr. Dulles ReturnsThe diplomatic "defeat” which Secretary

of State Dulles is supposed to have sufferedat Geneva seems to have been more imaginarythan real.

It does appear that some wires were crossedbetween the British and ourselves in the matterof taking joint security action in SoutheastAsia. Whatever this may have amounted to,however, there is as yet no substantial evidenceof a real break in the united front of theWestern nations. The British say they do notwish to proceed with discussion of the so-calledSoutheast Asia NATO until they can appraisethe results of the Geneva Conference. This isnot an unreasonable stand. And if it is acorrect version of the British position, it cer-tainly does not signify any serious breachbetween the British and ourselves.

The President has seized upon the occasionof Mr. Dulles’ return to remind us that a col-lective security arrangement of the sort soughtin Asia does'-- not “spring into existence over-night." Certainly this is true, and no sensibleperson will suppose otherwise. It is equallytrue that the problems which divide East andWest are not going to be satisfactorily disposedof at the Geneva Conference, or at any oneconference.

It is all too obvious that the most we canhope for is slow, painful and laborious progresstoward the goal of a peaceful and secure world.Our policy must be to strive to bolster ourdefenses 'at the threatened points, while seekingconstantly, at the conference table and throughother diplomatic means, for the formula whichwillenable the nations to live together in peace.

Os course, all these efforts may fail. Butwe should be careful not to make success moredifficult by premature cries of disaster anddefeat. That which can be done to achievesuccess must be done, for the alternative is awar which will drive civilization back to thecaves. The Communists know this as well aswe do, and this knowledge is a powerful factorworking, if not for peace, at least for somethingshort of war.

t

Soviet 'Space Ship'?. Toward the end of 1948, in his first formal

report as Secretary of Defense, the late JamesE. -Forrestal revealed that our Army, Navy andAirForce scientists had set up a special researchproject described officially as the “Earth Satel-lite Vehicle Program.” Nothing more has beensaid about the undertaking since then, and itmay or may not be in an active state today. Butwhether it is or not—whether it has beendropped altogether or whether work is continu-ing on it in strict secrecy—there is some reasonto worry about what the Russians may be tryingto do in the same field.

At any rate, according to George P. Sutton,chief of the aerophysics department of NorthAmerican Aviation, there are strong indicationsthat the Soviet Union is engaged in a major ef-fort—in conjunction with an all-out program tobuild up a great arsenal of rockets and guidedmissiles—to arm itself with the kind of “spaceship” that the Forrestal report referred to morethan six years ago. As described by Mr. Sutton,the Russian project is aimed at producing anartificial earth satellite—a diminutive brotherof the moon—that could be shot beyond thepull of gravity and made to fly around theglobe every four hours in a fixed orbit thatwould make it visible to all the nations below.

Theoretically at least, such an instrument,besides serving as an intimidating symbol ofpower, would have fantastic military potential-ties. For instance, equipped with elaborateelectronic devices, it could travel indefinitely in,

its'orbit as a Sort of space spy or planetarywatchdog, and it might serve as a directing sta-tion to guide atomic rockets to targets in anypart of the world. Perhaps its value in thatsense is questionable, but if it is, even ifsatellite warfare seems too Buck Rogerish everto become a reality, the idea is none the lessconceivable enough not to be laughed off.

The Team Stays in HarnessFor 49 of the 55 remarkably useful years

that Dr. Gilbert Grosvenor has served theNational Geographic Society, Dr. John OliverLa Gorce has been his close friend, associateand second member of the team. While thechanges announced yesterday by the society’sBoard of Trustees mark the happy conclusionof one bright chapter in the history of thesociety, the association of these two men asthe directing forces of a great enterprise con-tinues in a new pattern. Dr. La Gorce succeedsthe chief as president of the society and theeditor of its distinguished magazine, Dr. Gros-venor becomes the chairman of the Board ofTrustees. The continuity of a dramatic successstory thus remains unbroken, and that is asit should be.

As a success story, the work of these twobuilders of the National Geographic Societystands by itself. In reminiscent vein Dr.Grosvenor sketched some of its highlights inhis letter to the board, recommending thechanges approved yesterday by the trustees,and parts of that interesting chronicle arequoted elsewhere in today’s Star The successwas built on the solid foundation of a soundand worthy idea—the diffusion of knowledgeof geography as one means of bringing peopletogether through greater understanding of theworld they share. It has been in the executionof that idea that the geniks of Dr. Grosvenorand Dr. La Gorce developed, and which ismeasured now in the astonishing growth of thesociety and its magazine over the past halfcentury. Wherever people read, they read theNational Geographic, a great medium of educa-tion, a constructive force in the progress ofcivilization.

To the new editor and to the new chairmanof the board, both of them such distinguishedmembers of our Washington community, TheStar joins the membership of the society inextending congratulations and all good wishes.

Letters to The Star..McCarthy-Army Hearings

Once again Senator McCarthy hasproven himself a master of tactics. Intjje present Army-McCarthy contro-versy the Senator follows a carefully-worked*out pattern. Whenever a wit-ness on his side is being pressed by theArmy counsel, or Ogives any sign of con-fusion or of needing sudden relief in adifficult situation, the Senator rushesto his aid with a “point of order.” Os

—Justus, Minneapolis Star.

“A Woman’s Work Is Never Done.”I

course, these "points of order” are forthe most part artificial, and not genuinepoints of order, but as all of SenatorMcCarthy’s friends know, it is not themeans (or methods) that count, it isthe end.*

But here is the disturbing thing. Isnot this the Communist philosophy—-that the end justifies the means? Is notthe Senator applying this principle inthe same way that the Communistlawyers did when the top Communistleaders were on trial before JudgeMedina? As I recall, those lawyers weredeclared in contempt of court becauseof their tactics of obstruction, and theirsystematic attempt to make a circus outof a serious trial. Senator McCarthyproves . himself once again one of theablest practitioners of Communisttactics. He too is systematically tryingto make a circus out of those hearings,

and in this way to obstruct justice. Ishe not in contempt of “court,” indeed,in contempt of the people of the UnitedStates? Stanley Grean.

* *

Thousands, perhaps millions, of thepeople who have been listening to theMcCarthy-Army hearings have at leastlearned one tiling, if nothing else,namely: The reason Congress spendsso much of the taxpayers’ money anddoes so little.

In the McCarthy-Army hearings,each of the seven members of theSenate subcommittee and three differ-ent lawyers (10 in all) frequentlyask witnesses the same identical'ques-tions. If the operation of this commit-tee is typical of all other committees ofboth houses of Congress, then some-body should have interest enoughin the welfare of the country to amendthe laws governing the operation ofsuch committees so as to give thechairman authority to decide whenquestions of fact in issue are satisfac-torily established.

As an impartial observer of saidhearings, it is my opinion that onlytwo of the many participants knowwhere they are headed, namely, Sena-tor McCarthy and Attorney Jenkins.

T. O. Glass.* 4r

After viewing the Army-McCarthyhearings, I have become a “bleedingheart” (a subversive term in the Mc-Carthyites’ dictionary) for SecretaryStevens. It is apparent that Mr. Stevensis a man of gentleness, decency andintegrity, who was told by his Com-mander in Chief to co-operate withSenator McCarthy.

These qualities, to some people, ap-pear to make the Secretary look “weak”in comparison to the bully tactics ofthe opposite camp. But the real weak-ness lies not in Robert Stevens, butmust be laid to President Eisenhowerwhen he directed his officials to “co-operate” to the utmjst with teammateMcCarthy.

The famous "surrender” luncheonamounted to a Munich. And the ugly,

inevitable climax, now taking witnessed,could have but one part for Robert

to play—that of “fall guy” for"he administration.

Ambassador Charles Bohlen was al-most fatally mauled by the man-eaterfrom Wisconsin but was rescued intime by the Democrats. AmbassadorArthur Dean was also not only mauled,but was completely abandoned to hisfate by the administration.

How many more decent, capable of-ficials are going to be served up as apropitiatory offering to this insatiablemonster’s maw?

Kathryn T. Eager.? ?

Any one who has seen the picture ofSecretary Stevens and Private Schine,whether in a group or otherwise, mustconclude that Private Schine must havebeen asked to occupy such a command-ing position in the picture next to theSecretary. It is not conceivable thathe would have done so on his own insuch select company. Had the Secre-tary not proposed it himself, it is

’his ahd That. . .

"RIVERDALE, Md.“Dear Sir:

“We have a very pretty fence aroundour property.

“It is a crisscross design, with theopenings covered with a wire fencing

that is not noticeable and the fence ispainted white.

“The large dogs jump over the fenceand the small ones dig under it.

“What do I do next?“Sincerely, F. E. C.”* *

The thing to do now, Mrs. C.. is toput up a higher fence, then extend awire netting down a foot into theground.

There are few dogs, however big, thatcan go over a 6 foot fence.

As for the persistent little ones,usually the wire netting fixes them;if not, the thing to do is plant a goodthick hedge of some prickly materialalong the fence.

All except the high jumpers will bekept out. As for them, nothing will stopthem, if they once make up their mindsto go over.

* *

We had a bull terrier once that couldtake a 6 foot old-fashioned Washingtonboard fence as easily as a deer.

He simply ran up to the base of thefence and soared over as with wings.

hardly likely the Army photographerswould have taken the picture as it ap-peared in the form it was presented.

Whatever the motive of the Secre-tary in bringing charges against Sena-tor McCarthy and his staff, she fact isthe investigation of rats in the Armyand elsewhere has virtually been sus-pended since the Secretary’s chargeshave been subjected to the presenthearings. Hardly a day passed, whenSenator McCarthy’s committee wasactive, that one or more witnesses ap-peared who took refuge behind thefifth amendment. In my book, anyone who hides behind the fifth amend-ment is a traitor and should either beput in jail and kept there, or run outof the country. John T. Parkerson.

Doom, Gloom or Boom?According to Frank R. Kent, in his

May 2 column, "a considerable portionof our vast heterogeneous populationis incapable of logical thought” becausethey do not recognize that we arethreatened by dangerous inflation andFederal financial bankruptcy. “If warcomes,” says Mr. Kent, “there is noreal strength in a nation whose econ-omy is weak and unstable.” Thisprophecy of “doom and gloom” camefrom former President Herbert Hoover,one of Kent’s “authorities.” in anaddress before the American Societyof Newspaper Editors. They were toldthat the American people were court-ing economic disaster unless the Fed-eral budget was balanced. “The sin ofthe continued deficit” made inflationinevitable, “no matter what somecheery econpmists say.” Mr. Hoover ac-knowledges that there are economists—-and one of these happens to be Dr. Ar-thur F. Burns, the President’s chiefeconomic adviser—who disagree withhim, but Mr. Kent says that “the solu-tion is too clear to be debated.” “Theproblem is above politics,”—and eco-nomics. According to Mr. Hoover: “Thetheology of this is that only a period ofself-denial in expenditures and no fur-ther tax cuts can wash this sin away.”He denied the claim of administration

\v\

White. Akron Beacon-Journal.“Orphans of the Storm.”

spokesmen that inflation had beenstopped. He showed no awareness ofany rumor of recession.

The fact is that the danger of in-flation had passed before this admin-istration entered office, as ChairmanWilliam Martin of the Federal Boardnoted before the Investment BankersAssociation in December, 1952. TheTreasury Department, as capable oflogical thought as Mr. Kent, and witha better knowledge of the actual eco-nomic situation, is offering its securi-ties at lower interest rates, hardly amethod of combatting inflatioh. Ithas been compelled by the pressure ofevents to jettison its preference forhigher interest rates.

"We just sit and watch things getworse,” says Mr. Kent. But Prof.Alvin H. Hansen, testifying on February18 before the Joint Committee on theEconomic Report, said: “The expansionof the last four years was a solid growth

which left the economy strong, in soundfinancial condition, and in good bal-ance. .

.. Apart from the usual inven-

tory fluctuation, we entered the year1954 as free from distortions and mal-adjustments as at any time in our his-tory. No purging process or readjust-ment is necessary. We have had threeyears of price stability. . . . Wholesaleprices were slightly down, consumerprices slightly up, due largely to thedelayed rent increases. It would bedifficult to find any period in our his-tory where so high a degree of pricestability combined with so large agross in output as the three years 1951,1952 and 1953.” (Hearings, Page 847).

Clearly we are not livingbeyond ourmeans, as Mr. Kent thinks.

I would suggest that Mr. Kent shouldat least familiarize himself with theReport of the Joint Committee on theEconomic Report, before he next writeson this subject.

Sidney Koretz.

By Charles E. Tracewell

He gave the impression that he couldhave taken a 10 foot fence as easily.

These feats were not performed often,but often enough.

Once he ran through a down townstore chasing the cash boxes that ranalong a little track overhead.

* *

He was an all white dog, whip tailand intelligent ears.

It is amazing, the things a good dogor cat can say with its ears. The cat,especially, is an ear-talker. It pricksthem up to listen, lays them down whenangry, and wiggles them in an appeal-ing manner when begging.

The dog has less flexibilitybut never-theless manages to use his ears ef-fectively. Dogs and cats have variedtheir tail technique, the dog, to showaffection; the cat, anger. This is allin the dog-cat tradition, which, origi-nating millions of years ago from thesame ancestor, decided at some periodor other to do everything by opposites.

* *

One good way to keep dogs out of afenced property is to run the fence allaround, with gate.

Usually dogs feel trapped, if they getin a yard with but one entrance. Ifthere is none at all, they like it evenless. This will mean gates, of course,and there is something very human andnice about a gate.

Pen-names may be used if letters carrywriters' correct names and addresses.AU letters are subject to condensation.

Gen. Lawton ahd the CollegesAs a former student of City College

of New York, I am somewhat revoltedby the remarks of Maj. Gen. Klrke B.Lawton who has been quoted as sayingthat various universities were recog-nized “breeding grounds” for commu-nism. Perhaps it might be worth men-tioning that for a considerable numberof years, City College of New York aswell as the other universities named bythe general were actually recognizedbreeding grounds for infantry secondlieutenants. Possibly some pressure wasinvolved in the granting of commis-sions to considerable numbers of grad-uates of these schools, perhaps not bya Senator, but then surely by the“breeders of communism” at these in-stitutions. Unfortunately, it may betoo late to investigate the special con-siderations given to these former stu-dents during their stay in the Army,particularly since not too many ofthem are still around to testify. Oscourse. Pvt. Schine is still with us, soin the event any investigations areplanned along these lines, we couldenjoy the benefits of his vast experienceby engaging him as special investigatingcounsel with Gen. Lawton as his chiefassistant.

Don’t forget .West Point, boys! Givetheir textbooks a good going over. Feelfree to burn any you don’t like, andkeep the shears handy in case thereare any pictures to be cropped.

L. S. B.

Intervention in Indo-ChinaThe falling domino theory that if

Indo-China goes Communist all South-east Asia will go Communist is beingfrequently stated—without any attemptat proof—and is being all too uncriti-cally accepted.

Actually the way in which Indo-China goes Communist may well de-termine whether surrounding countrieswill be overwhelmed. If it goes Com-munist as the result of a negotiatedpeace between the French and the Viet-namese, it stands to reason that thelatter—after years of destructive war-fare—will prefer to rebuild their homesand plow their fields rather than en-gage in military aggression againsttheir neighbors.

But if we intervene, the Chinese willcome into the country, just as they didin Korea. They almost pushed us out ofKorea, and they may succeed in takingIndo-China. In that case, their mili-tary success and their having power-ful armies down there may tempt themto take surrounding countries. So ourintervention might defeat our ownpurposes. And, of course, a secondKorea in Indo-China has most danger-ous possibilities of exploding into WorldWar 111, with the Russians coming tothe help of the Chinese.

There is a second way in which ourintervention would be self-defeating.Our support of the French makes usthe defenders of colonialism. TheAsians and Africans are rebellingagainst this yoke, which we revoltedagainst in 1776. ©ur support of itmakes us appear their enemies. Natu-rally, that predisposes them to viewRussia and communism favorably.

Our weapons, in French hands, arecausing a vast amount of suffering anddestruction which will win us only aheritage of hatred. On the other hand,a wise and adequate use of tech-nical assistance—preferably throughthe United Nations to remove all sus-picion of imperialistic designs—couldeffectively undercut the appeal of com-munism and would cost less than thearms aid we are giving the French.

We are poised on the brink of afutile, faraway war which cannot bewon and which might expand anddevastate our own country. If our

r. ...

#¦

rr'TVt; Mi •

’ *

—Fitzpatrick, St. Louis Post-Dispatch.

“Testing.”

policy-making officials plunge us intothis catastrophic conflict, they will in-scribe their names on a black page ofworld history.

Alice Franklin Bryant,Seattle, Wash.

Many fenced places have two entriesand exits.

You know of but one?Maybe so—But the dogs, you may be sure, know

about the other!These fellows are experts at finding

that second entrance—and exit.It makes them feel more at home.If you look as hard as they do, you

will see they have worn a regular pathalong to some point you least suspected.

Maybe it goes to the place where thefence adjoins the house but does nottouch it.

The space left is not large, but iswide enough for their purposes.

Block it up, and you will see the dogvisitors lessen in numbers perceptibly.They will run to the former exit, lookat it. try to push their way through,try to dig under, attempt to leap over.

Once they have proved they can donone of these things, they will seek thedriveway, and run down it with back-ward glances at the old spot. Theirbig eyes say as plain as anything, “Well,now. that* funny! I got in there yester-

day, but today I can’t get through.

Must have gained 10 pounds. Will haveto reduce a bit!”

So, you see. it resolves itself down toa contest of wits, as so many affairsin this world do. It’s a nuisance butthere is no help for It.

Uranium CompetitionSeen as Years Away

'Breeder Type' ReactorNot Yet Developed .

By Thomas R. HenryProbability of uranium reactors com-

petitive economically with coal or oilpower plants is unlikely for at least 10to 15 years.

It will require construction of a“breeder type” reactor. It will takeseveral years of development beforeeven a prototype can be built.

This is the conclusion of HowardG. Vesper, vice president of the Stand-ard Oil Co. of California, as reportedto the Stanford University ResearchInstitute. Many may have been misledby recent developments into believingthat the day of atomic power is closeat hand, he says.

The breeder or “fast”*reactor cre-ates more atomic fuel than it con-sumes by converting ordinary uraniuminto plutonium and thus reduces theultimate fuel cost in power produc-tion almost to zero.

A Controlled Bomb.“Construction of a full-scale < eco-

nomic breeder,” Mr. Vesper says, couldnot possibly be successfully undertakentoday. The fast breeder must operatein a spectrum of very energetic neu-trons. This means that the breeder istruly a controlled bomb. The metallurgyof materials and the methods of con-trolling a reactor of this type are asyet not developed.

“The advent of a commercial breedermust await several years of intensivedevelopment. I do not believe thatcheap or even competitive nuclear pow-er will be available for some years tocome. With the cessation of new pro-duction plant development, the AECturned to the development of electricpower. Much publicity attended this.

Fower Reactor Favored.“After two years of effort, the eco-

nomics of nuclear power did not appearsufficiently good to interest privatecapital and a large program of com-mercial scale production was discon-tinued. Instead, the AEC chose to con-centrate on a power reactor that couldbe quickly developed as a buffer to theRussians, even while recognizing thatit could not produce economic powerin the United States.

“Work has at least temporarily beenstopped on the full-scale developmentof the breeder.

“I expect ultimately to see manyapplications of nuclear power in theUnited States, but in the absence ofsharp rises in coal and oil prices, Ido not expect to see any substantialpart of this country’s power require-ments come from nuclear sources inthe next 10 to 15 years.”

Questions and Answersof

«»«»« to questionby wrltlnx The Evening Star Infor-mation Buromu. 1200 Eye st. N.w.. washing.

return‘”CIOM thrM <*' eent *

By THE HASKIN SERVICE.

Q. Why is baseball not included inthe Olympic Games?—O. B. T.

A. Because, under the rules, a gamemust be generally played in at leasteight countries before it can be in-cluded in official competition.

Q. Which is the only State to havea Greek motto?—N. E. E.

A. California, the motto of which is“Eureka,” an exclamation of triumphmeaning “I have found (it).” Thereference is to the discovery of gold.

Q. What American trees besidesSequoias and Redwoods live to a greatage?—S H. H.

A. Some oaks and junipers live to agreat age, and sugar maples andDouglas firs are among the long-livedtrees.

Q. What breed of dog leads in Ameri-can Kennel Club registrations?—W. H.

A. Beagles moved into first place inJuly. 1953. in AKC individual registra-tions, displacing cockers, which hadbeen first since 1936.

Q. What is the name of the mossthat is used to start seeds?—J. C.

A. Sphagnum. The dried moss ab-sorbs from 20 to 100 times its ownweight in water and is mildly anti-septic. For these reasons it is valuablefor starting seeds. ’

Q. What are the three principal in-gredients of good soil?—H.T.

A. Rock particles, which are thefoundation of the soil; organic matterfrom dead plants and animals, and acommunity of living plants andanimals. Soil is like a patchworkquilt; its composition varies from placeto place. Experts have stated that itis practically impossible to find even2 cubic-inch samples of soil which areIdentical.

Q. Is the power to make treatiesdelegated to the President or to Con-gress?—L. L.

A. The Constitution provides directlythat the President shall have the powerto make treaties, but with the adviceand consent of the Senate, two-thirdsof the members present concurring.

Q. How many sons of Presidentshave served in Congress?—W. T.

A. Six: John Quincy Adams. CharlesFrancis Adams, John Scott Harrison,David Gardiner Tyler and Franklin D.Roosevelt, jr. in the House of Repre-sentatives, and John Quincy Adamsand Robert A. Taft in the Senate.

Christ Church,* Alexandria

Across your ancient stones and redbrick walls.

Bright golden sun like benedictionfalls,

Lingering warmly at the window paneAs though remembering your past

again

When men of destiny had occupiedThe sturdy wooden pews still seen

inside.Great men who lived a century apartWith like integrity of mind and heart;

Living through bitter days of darkdespair.

Turning fpr wisdom to your House ofPrayer.

Seeking divine direction, holding dearThe right to worship and assemble

here.

Strong citadel of God that haswithstood

Time’s countless changes in yourneighborhood.

A living symbol of democracy.America is humbly proud of Thee.

Viney Wilder

A-26