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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment

Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 18: Riparian Forest

Description:A tall forest of river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. The soil is fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by eucalypts to 30 m tall, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs.

Large trees:SpeciesEucalyptus spp.

DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus chapmaniana

Eucalyptus cypellocarpa Eucalyptus divesEucalyptus rubida

Bogong GumMountain Grey-gum Broad-leaved Peppermint Candlebark

Understorey: Life formImmature Canopy Tree

#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% TMedium Shrub 7 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 16 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 4 5% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark

EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Epacris impressa Common HeathMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Indigofera australis Austral IndigoSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Olearia myrsinoides Silky Daisy-bushPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Grey Willow-herbMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Galium ciliare Hairy BedstrawSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassMNG Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine

Recruitment:Continuous.

Organic Litter:50 % cover

Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high

high LH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high lowLH Rumex obtusifolius ssp. obtusifolius Broad-leaf Dock high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high lowMH Mimulus moschatus Musk Monkey-flower high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high lowSH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low

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Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 19: Riparian Shrubland

Description:Diverse, medium to tall shrubland to 8 m tall occurring on rocky substrates of major streams and banks and channels of rocky creeks and along perennial streams in gorge tracts. Able to withstand frequent flooding or regenerate rapidly after such disturbance and often forming dense thickets along the stream's edge during long periods without flooding. Trees may be irregularly scattered throughout but tend to be restricted to the banks of the rivers and creeks. Sedges and rushes common to riparian environments dominate the understorey as well as an array of herbs and grasses including many ephemeral species which survive on the bare sands or in rock crevice.

Canopy Cover:%cover40%

Character SpeciesAcacia melanoxylon

Common NameBlackwood

Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-tree

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 9 20% MSMedium Herb 2 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 10% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 4 10% GFTree Fern 2 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

65%

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameMSMS MSMSMH LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF GF TRF TRF

Coprosma quadrifidaHedycarya angustifolia Kunzea ericoidesMicrantheum hexandrumEuchiton collinus s.l.Carex appressa Lepidosperma lateralePoa ensiformisDianella tasmanicaMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides Calochlaena dubiaPteridium esculentumPolystichum proliferum Blechnum minus Todea barbara

Prickly Currant-bushAustral Mulberry BurganBox MicrantheumClustered/Creeping Cudweed Tall SedgeVariable Sword-sedge Sword Tussock-grassTasman Flax-lily Weeping GrassCommon Ground-fern Austral BrackenMother Shield-fern Soft Water-fern Austral

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high high

EVC 19: Riparian Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest

Description:Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor in form to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids and grasses are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name30% Eucalyptus dives

Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. mannifera Eucalyptus rubida

Broad-leaved PeppermintBrittle Gum

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF

codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 8 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 3 15% PSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT

Species typical of at least part of EVC range

Common NameSilver Wattle

MS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Persoonia confertiflora Cluster-flower GeebungMS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Dillwynia phylicoides Small-leaf Parrot-peaPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis


EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

Recruitment:Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years.


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleanaBroad-leaved PeppermintMountain Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMallee Tree 1 5% MTMedium Shrub 8 40% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

85%

LF CodeT



MS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia latifolia Hop Bitter-peaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Helichrysum scorpioides Button EverlastingLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grass

EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest

Description:Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer including a number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite of fern species.

Large trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 20 / ha


Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx

Broad-leaved PeppermintRed Stringybark

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C


EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaSS Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flowerSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedMH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Cymbonotus preissianus Austral Bear's-earMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea

Recruitment:Continuous


Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Anagallis arvensis Pimpernel high

low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvenseHare's-foot Clover high low

MTG Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass high lowMTG Vulpia bromoides Squirrel-tail Fescue high lowMNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high highMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high low






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Eucalyptus divesNarrow-leaf PeppermintBroad-leaved

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 15% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia leptophylla Narrow-leaf Bitter-peaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsPS Acrotriche prostrata Trailing Ground-berryPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Hypericum gramineum Small St John's WortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Deyeuxia rodwayi Tasman Bent-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade low

low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub

Description:Occurs on northerly and westerly slopes of mountains and valleys. Trees are not a prominent feature, often present only as emergents or forming a very open woodland. The small tree or large shrub layer to 10 m tall is a dominant feature, often forming even-aged stands of uniform height. The ground layer is generally sparse and species-poor due to low site quality and the density of the overstorey. Vines can be conspicuous in the understorey.

Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name40% Acacia silvestrisPomaderris aspera Exocarpos cupressiformis

Red WattleHazel Pomaderris Cherry Ballart


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeITMedium Shrub 5 20% MS

Medium Herb 2 1% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFEpiphyte 2 1% EPScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

45%

LF Code


Common NameRock Wax-flower

MS Cassinia trinerva Three-nerved CassiniaMS Kunzea ericoides Burgan

MS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Notodanthonia longifolia Long-leaf Wallaby-

grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Pandorea pandorana Wonga Vine

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:10 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

EVC 27: Blackthorn Scrub - Victorian Alps bioregion






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland

Description:Occurs in areas of low site quality on exposed rocky outcrops where rock is a dominant landform feature, soils are shallow or virtually absent and effective rainfall is low. Scattered, often stunted trees are occasionally present. A diverse shrub layer to 4 m tall characterises this EVC, including a number of rock-adapted species. The ground layer is usually sparse and species-poor except where it occurs in discrete patches and forms a mosaic with Rocky Outcrop Herbland.

Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub

#Spp7

%Cover30%

LF codeMSSmall Shrub 2 5% SS

Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 2 1% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/CTotal understorey projective foliage cover

65%

LF Code


Common NameShiny Cassinia

MS Leucopogon fletcheri ssp. brevisepalus Twin-flower Beard-heathMS Platysace lanceolata Shrubby Platysace

MS Ozothamnus obcordatus Grey EverlastingSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Phyllanthus hirtellus Thyme SpurgeSS Hibbertia riparia Erect Guinea-flowerLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Pomax umbellata PomaxMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Leucochrysum albicans Hoary SunrayMH Isotoma axillaris Rock IsotomeMTG Joycea pallida Silvertop Wallaby-

grassMTG Lepidosperma laterale Variable Sword-sedgeMTG Lomandra filiformis Wattle Mat-rushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyGF Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Green Rock-fernSC Cassytha melantha Coarse Dodder-laurelSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea

Recruitment:

Continuous


Weediness:

There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

EVC 28: Rocky Outcrop Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 29: Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects, from sea level to montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad- leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common

Name40% Eucalyptus regnansEucalyptus cypellocarpa

Mountain AshMountain Grey-gum

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% IT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 25% TMedium Shrub 3 20% MSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 5 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 15% MTGGround Fern 2 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT


Common NameMusk Daisy-bush

T Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Galium propinquum Maori BedstrawSH Oxalis corniculata s.l. Yellow Wood-sorrelSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lepidosperma elatius Tall Sword-sedgeMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis


EVC 29: Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Black Nightshade high low LNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high

high




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 30: Wet Forest

Description:Grows on fertile, well-drained loamy soils on a range of geologies and elevation levels. It is largely restricted to protected sites in gullies and on southern aspects of hills and mountains where rainfall is high and cloud cover at ground level is frequent. Characterised by a tall eucalypt overstorey to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensisEucalyptus regnans

Alpine AshMountain Ash


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 25% TMedium Shrub 7 15% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 6 10% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 5% MTGGround Fern 4 25% GFTree Fern 1 15% TRFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Pittosporum bicolor BanyallaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 30: Wet Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1

ha.

Weediness:There are no consistent weeds in this

EVC.




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest

Description:Closed non-eucalypt forest to 25 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Generally restricted to deeply incised gullies and gully-heads with southern aspects. Soils are well-developed gradational clay or sandy clay loams high in humus content. Rainfall is in the order of 1000-2000 mm a year.

Large trees:SpeciesVarious genera

DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name50% Nothofagus cunninghamiiAtherosperma moschatum Acacia dealbata

Myrtle BeechSouthern Sassafras Silver Wattle


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 3 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 5% SSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 4 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 10% MTGGround Fern 5 25% GFTree Fern 1 10% TRFBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF CodeMS


Common NameDusty Daisy-bush

MS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaSS r Wittsteinia vacciniacea Baw Baw BerryMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Australina pusilla ssp. muelleri Shade NettleMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-fernGF Blechnum fluviatile Ray Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 31: Cool Temperate Rainforest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest

Description:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with an understorey dominated by a tall, diverse shrub layer of broad-leaved shrubs and heaths with sometimes a scattering of tree-ferns. The ground layer is dominated by a variety of herbs and graminoids. Occurs on topographically protected south-facing slopes and occasionally in gully heads on northern or western slopes in low relief montane areas.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis Alpine Ash


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 3 20% T

Medium Shrub 7 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 15% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern


EVC 35: Tableland Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.




www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland

Description:Occurs on dry and exposed mid to upper slopes at montane elevations, often extending onto ridges in high rainfall areas. Effective rainfall may be enhanced by cold air drainage, low cloud cover and in some cases, persistent snow cover. The overstorey trees vary from an open forest to an open woodland to 15 m tall, according to altitude, precipitation and frequency of fire. The shrubby understorey is an unusual combination of species, which tolerate exposed montane conditions and species which enjoy the increased moisture available from cloud and fog drip. Generally the lower rainfall, less fertile geologies support a shrubby understorey with a lower overall species diversity. The ground layer is rarely high in grass and herb cover and is usually dominated by tussock grasses.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus pauciflora

Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus rubida

Snow Gum

Broad-leaved Peppermint

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMallee Tree 1 1% MTMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 9 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

EVC 36: Montane Dry Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.







Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland

Description:Occurs in montane elevations on moderately fertile soils on all aspects. An open eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, sometimes with a secondary tree layer. The understorey often consists of a sparse shrub layer which can be variable in height. The EVC is characterised by its grassy ground cover together with a variety of other graminoids and herbs.


DBH(cm)50 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus pauciflora

Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus rubida

Snow Gum

Broad-leaved Peppermint

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 6 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 15 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

EVC 37: Montane Grassy Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Pimelea linifolia Slender Rice-flowerMS Brachyloma daphnoides Daphne HeathSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidSH Galium ciliare Hairy BedstrawSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 38: Montane Damp Forest

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies on well-developed generally colluvial soils on a variety of aspects at montane elevations. Dominated by a tall eucalypt tree layer to 30 m tall over a medium to tall dense shrub layer of broad-leaved species typical of wet forest mixed with elements from dry forest types. The ground layer includes herbs and grasses as well as a variety of moisture-dependent ferns.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensisEucalyptus dalrympleana ssp. dalrympleana

Alpine AshMountain Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 10 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Acacia obliquinervia Mountain Hickory WattleMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Picris angustifolia Native PicrisMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis


EVC 38: Montane Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.





For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 39: Montane Wet Forest

Description:Grows on the most sheltered wet sites such as gully heads and south facing slopes at montane elevations in high rainfall areas. Soils are deep, fertile, well-drained and structureless and although well-drained, may remain saturated for long periods. The overstorey forms a tall open eucalypt forest to 30 m tall over a secondary tree layer with occasional tall shrubs which provide shade and protection for a fern-rich ground layer. Scattered herbs occur in gaps in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name40% Eucalyptus regnansEuclayptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis

Mountain AshAlpine Ash


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 25% MSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 5 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 1 5% MTGGround Fern 3 25% GFTree Fern 2 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeT



T Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Cassinia aculeata Common CassiniaMS Tasmannia lanceolata Mountain PepperLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintMH Sambucus gaudichaudiana White ElderberryMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Stellaria flaccida Forest StarwortSH Leptostigma reptans Dwarf NerteraLTG Dryopoa dives Giant Mountain-grassLNG Tetrarrhena juncea Forest Wire-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Histiopteris incisa Bat's Wing FernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 39: Montane Wet Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:



www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland

Description:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montane elevations. Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but on the larger streams may be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges often associated with creeks or river margins.

+ woodland/forest onl y components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate)

Large trees+:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 10 /

haTree Canopy Cover+:

%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus rubida

Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana Eucalyptus stellulata

CandlebarkMountain Swamp-gum Black Sallee


codeImmature Canopy Tree+ 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 10% TMedium Shrub 3 15% MSSmall Shrub 3 5% SSLarge Herb 4 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

EVC 40: Montane Riparian Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-treeMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellLH Senecio hispidulus Rough FireweedMH Asperula pusilla Alpine WoodruffMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River ButtercupSH r Gratiola nana Matted BrooklimeSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG r Scirpus polystachyus Large-head Club-sedgeLTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushLTG Carex longebrachiata Bergalia TussockMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grassMTG Carex blakei Alpine SedgeMNG Isolepis crassiuscula Alpine Club-sedgeMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rushMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fern

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highwww.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps Bioregion

EVC 40_61: Treed Montane Riparian WoodlandDescription:Associated with the peat-rich flats of perennial, meandering streams which flow through Montane Dry Woodland at montane elevations. Characterised by a low open woodland to 10 m tall with a dense riparian shrub layer lining the smaller creeks but on the larger streams may be largely non-treed. The ground layer contains a dense sward of grasses, herbs and sedges often associated with creeks or river margins.

Large Trees:Species DBH(cm) #/haEucalyptus spp. 60 cm 10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name15% Eucalyptus camphora subsp. humeana

Eucalyptus rubidaEucalyptus stellulata

Mountain Swamp-gum CandlebarkBlack Sallee

Understorey: Lifeform #Spp %Cover LF CodeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium ShrubSmall Shrub Large Herb Medium HerbSmall or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted GraminoidMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern

1 10% T3 15% MS3 5% SS4 10% LH12 20% MH4 10% SH3 5% LTG1 1% LNG6 30% MTG3 5% MNG2 5% GF

Bryophytes/Lichens 20% BL

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 40_61: Treed Montane Riparian Woodland

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Leptospermum grandifolium Mountain Tea-treeMS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Leptospermum myrtifolium Myrtle Tea-treeMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushSS Epacris microphylla s.l. Coral HeathSS Hovea heterophylla Common HoveaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Senecio hispidulus s.l. Rough FireweedLH Veronica gracilis Slender SpeedwellLH Villarsia reniformis Running Marsh-flowerMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Asperula pusilla Alpine WoodruffMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH r Gratiola nana Matted BrooklimeSH Ranunculus amphitrichus Small River ButtercupSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelLTG Carex longebrachiata Bergalia TussockLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassLTG Juncus gregiflorus Green RushLTG r Scirpus polystachyus Large-head Club-sedge LNG Various spp.MTG r Carex blakei Alpine SedgeMTG Carex gaudichaudiana Fen SedgeMTG Lachnagrostis aemula s.l. Leafy Blown-grassMTG Lachnagrostis filiformis Common Blown-grassMNG Baloskion australe Mountain Cord-rushMNG Baumea gunnii Slender Twig-sedgeMNG Isolepis crassiuscula Alpine Club-sedgeMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern



Logs:15 m/0.1ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high high MTG Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass high high LH Rumex crispus Curled Dock high highMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high high MH Batrachium trichophyllum Water Fennel high high MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear high low

Chickweed

Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark

EVC 40_61: Treed Montane Riparian Woodland

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Taraxacum officinale spp. agg. Garden Dandelion high low MH Trifolium dubium Suckling Clover high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMNG Aira elegantissima Delicate Hair-grass high lowMNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high low

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment© The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that:• the copyright owner is acknowledged;• no official connection is claimed;• the material is made available without charge or cost; and• the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment.

Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002.

For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186

This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication.

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Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket

Description:Occurs in montane and sub-alpine areas, often within Montane Damp Forest along drainage lines, streams with gentle gradients and in soaks at the heads of gullies on south-facing aspects. The waterlogged soils are colluviums or alluviums rich in organic matter and it is a closed shrubland to 8 m tall in structure, often forming a narrow, linear strip. The understorey consists of a variety of shade-tolerant species. Along the stream flats ferns are the common life form while sedges, grasses and herbs form a sparse but diverse ground layer.


Name40% Leptospermum grandifoliumNothofagus cunninghamii

Mountain Tea-treeMyrtle Beech

Understorey: Life form

#Spp1

%Cover5%

LF codeMSSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SH

Large Tufted Graminoid 2 40% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 2 1% MTGGround Fern 3 20% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFEpiphyte 2 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 20 % BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

95%

LF Code


Common NameMountain Pepper

SH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidSH Chiloglottis cornuta Green Bird-orchid

LTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Juncus usitatus Billabong Rush

MTG Isolepis subtilissima Mountain Club-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lily

MTG r Carex alsophila Forest SedgeGF Grammitis billardierei Common Finger-

fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-

fernTRF Todea barbara Austral King-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fernEP Microsorum pustulatum ssp. pustulatum Kangaroo FernEP Hymenophyllum peltatum Alpine Filmy Fern

Recruitment:

Continuous


Logs:5 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:

There are no consistent weeds in this EVC.

EVC 41: Montane Riparian Thicket - Victorian Alps bioregion






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland

Description:A sparse to dense dry shrubland that occurs above 1200 m where snow persists for long periods. Species diversity is relatively low due to the harsh environment of long periods of low temperatures, the dominance of exposed rock and shallow, skeletal soils. The dominant feature of this EVC is the dense, though sometimes patchy shrub-layer under scattered mallee-form eucalypts such as Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, growing where soils accumulate in rock crevices. In the ground stratum herbs and grasses may be present in high numbers if the shrub layer is sparse.

Life forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 6 40% MS

Small Shrub 4 15% SSProstrate Shrub 2 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF CodeMS


Common NameAlpine Podolobium

MS Bossiaea foliosa Leafy BossiaeaMS Callistemon sieberi River BottlebrushMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaSS Baeckea ramosissima Rosy BaeckeaSS Kunzea muelleri Yellow KunzeaSS Leucopogon fraseri Sharp Beard-heathSS r Trochocarpa clarkei Lilac BerryPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerPS r Pimelea biflora Matted Rice-flowerPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungLH Brachyscome aculeata Branching DaisyLH Senecio pinnatifolius Variable GroundselLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Goodenia hederacea Ivy GoodeniaMH Erigeron pappocromus spp. agg. Violet FleabaneSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaSH r Stackhousia pulvinaris Alpine StackhousiaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Deyeuxia scaberula Rough Bent-grassMNG Luzula campestris spp. agg. Field WoodrushMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rush

EVC 42: Sub-alpine Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland

Description:Grows on a wide range of geologies and aspects, in the higher altitudinal levels above 1200 m. Rainfall is relatively high and snow may persist for long periods over winter. Soils are generally skeletal sandy clay loams with a rich humus topsoil layer. A low, open woodland to 10 m tall dominated by Snow Gum Eucalyptus pauciflora, with the understorey variously consisting of a rich suite of grasses and herbs, or a dense layer of woody shrubs, depending on soil fertility.


DBH(cm)40 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus pauciflora Snow Gum


#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 5 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSLarge Herb 3 10% LHMedium Herb 8 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF CodeT


Common NameMountain Hickory Wattle

MS Podolobium alpestre Alpine PodolobiumMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Tasmannia xerophila Alpine PepperSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Oreomyrrhis eriopoda Australian CarawayMH Viola betonicifolia ssp. betonicifolia Showy VioletMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern

EVC 43: Sub-alpine Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:10 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Acetosella vulgaris Sheep Sorrel high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest

Description:Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Eucalyptus mannifera ssp. manniferaBroad-leaved PeppermintBrittle Gum


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 8 35% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 2 5% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 1 1% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 1 1% SHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGEpiphyte 1 1% EPBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage cover

55%

LF CodeT


Common NameMountain Hickory Wattle

MS Monotoca scoparia Prickly Broom-heathMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartSS Rhytidosporum procumbens White MarianthPS Persoonia chamaepeuce Dwarf GeebungPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Goodenia lanata Trailing GoodeniaMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilySC Cassytha glabella Slender Dodder-laurel


EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:20 m/0.1

ha.


EVC.

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that:





Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland

Description:Mainly restricted to granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodland to 10 m high with the dominant trees often being stunted.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name15% Eucalyptus nortoniiEucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx

Silver BundyRed Stringybark Bundy

Understorey: Life

#Spp %Cover5%


Medium Shrub 4 20% MSSmall Shrub 3 20% SSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BLTotal understorey projective foliage coverage

70%

LF CodeT


Common NameDrooping Sheoak

MS Calytrix tetragona Common Fringe-myrtleMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS R r Grevillea jephcottii Green GrevilleaMS Acacia verniciflua Varnish WattleSS Micromyrtus ciliata Heath-myrtleSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsSS Dillwynia sericea s.l. Showy Parrot-peaLH Stackhousia viminea Slender StackhousiaLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellMH Euchiton collinus s.s. Creeping CudweedMH Drosera peltata Pale SundewMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMH Gonocarpus elatus Tall RaspwortMTG Dichelachne sieberiana Rough Plume-grassMTG r Poa sieberiana var. cyanophylla Blue-leaf Tussock-grassMTG Juncus bufonius Toad RushMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Narrow Rock-fern


EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high low MNG Aira spp. Hair Grass high lowUnd Vulpia spp. Fescue high low



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Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub

Description:Shrubland to 10 m tall with occasional emergent eucalypts. Occurs on shallow colluvial soils along rocky cliffs and slopes associated with rivers and creeks and may extend onto alluvial terraces. Characterised by a dense medium to tall shrub layer over a ground layer which can range from low to high diversity and consist of a variety of graminoids and herbs. Ferns can often be a major component of the ground stratum.


Name30% Acacia melanoxylonPomaderris aspera Acacia dealbata

BlackwoodHazel Pomaderris Silver Wattle


codeImmature Canopy Shrub 5% ITMedium Shrub 8 30% MSSmall Shrub 2 1% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 2 5% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 4 15% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF Code


Common NamePrickly Currant-bush

MS Lomatia myricoides River LomatiaMS Leptospermum brevipes Slender Tea-treeMS Kunzea ericoides BurganSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaPS Acrotriche serrulata Honey-potsLH Epilobium billardierianum ssp. hydrophilum Robust Willow-herbLH Senecio tenuiflorus Slender FireweedMH Ajuga australis Austral BugleMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Common Tussock-grassMTG Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lily

MNG

Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Adiantum aethiopicum Common MaidenhairGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fern


EVC 82: Riverine Escarpment Scrub - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply)

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMS Rosa rubiginosa Sweet Briar high highMS Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Blackberry high highMS Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Blackberry high highMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high highLNG Holcus lanatus Yorkshire Fog high high




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland

Description:Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and sedges in the ground layer.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha10 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name20% Eucalyptus camphora ssp. humeana

Eucalyptus radiata s.l.Mountain Swamp-gumNarrow-leaf


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 15% TMedium Shrub 5 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 5 30% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 2 5% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 3 5% MNGGround Fern 4 10% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia melanoxylon BlackwoodT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Leptospermum continentale Prickly Tea-treeMS Epacris breviflora Drumstick HeathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BrambleLH Mentha laxiflora Forest MintLH Epilobium gunnianum Gunn's Willow-herbLH Urtica incisa Scrub NettleLH Senecio minimus Shrubby FireweedMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeMH Geranium potentilloides Cinquefoil CranesbillMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffSH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortSH Dichondra repens Kidney-weedSH Hypericum japonicum Matted St John's WortSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortSH Hydrocotyle tripartita Slender PennywortLTG Cyperus lucidus Leafy Flat-sedgeLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Poa labillardierei Common Tussock-grassLNG Phragmites australis Common ReedMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassMNG Eleocharis gracilis Slender Spike-sedgeMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Blechnum nudum Fishbone Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum minus Soft Water-fernTRF Dicksonia antarctica Soft Tree-fern


Organic Litter:20 % coverwww.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 169: Dry Valley Forest

Description:Open eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring along minor gullies, ephemeral streams and river flats. The overstorey may contain a range of eucalypts typical of drier environments over an understorey of scattered shrubs and a notably mossy herb-rich groundcover.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha20 / ha


Name30% Eucalyptus macrorhynchaEucalyptus cypellocarpa

Red StringybarkMountain Grey-gum


#Spp %Cover5%

LF codeIT

Understorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 15% TMedium Shrub 9 30% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 11 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 3 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFTree Fern 1 5% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL


EVC 169: Dry Valley Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Olearia argophylla Musk Daisy-bushT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Goodia lotifolia Golden TipSS Tetratheca pilosa Hairy Pink-bellsSS Hibbertia obtusifolia Grey Guinea-flowerSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushLH Stypandra glauca Nodding Blue-lilyLH Chrysocephalum semipapposum Clustered EverlastingMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Hydrocotyle hirta Hairy PennywortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeLTG Deyeuxia frigida Forest Bent-grassMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Libertia pulchella Pretty Grass-flagMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernSC Hardenbergia violacea Purple Coral-pea



Logs:20 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high

low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 175: Grassy Woodland

Description:A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies.


DBH(cm)60 cm

#/ha15 / ha


Name20% Eucalyptus paucifloraEucalyptus rubida

Snow GumCandlebark


codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 1 5% TMedium Shrub 4 10% MSSmall Shrub 1 1% SSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 7 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 7 30% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFScrambler or Climber 1 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 10% BL

LF CodeMS


Common NamePale-fruit Ballart

MS R r Discaria pubescens Australian Anchor PlantMS Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Tree VioletMS r Pimelea pauciflora Poison Rice-flowerSS Pimelea glauca Smooth Rice-flowerPS r Muehlenbeckia axillaris Matted LignumLH Ajuga australis Austral BugleLH Derwentia perfoliata Digger's SpeedwellLH Senecio quadridentatus Cotton FireweedLH Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Sprawling BluebellMH Geranium solanderi s.l. Austral CranesbillMH Daucus glochidiatus Australian CarrotMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Plantago hispida Hairy PlantainSH r Scleranthus diander Tufted KnawelSH Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Pink BindweedSH Desmodium varians Slender Tick-trefoilLTG Austrostipa blackii Crested Spear-grassMTG Themeda triandra Kangaroo GrassMTG Poa hookeri Hooker's Tussock-grassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Elymus scaber var. scaber Common Wheat-grassMNG Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF r Asplenium trichomanes ssp. quadrivalens Common SpleenwortSC Glycine clandestina Twining Glycine

EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Verbascum virgatum Twiggy Mullein high highLH Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle high lowLH Dianthus armeria Deptford Pink high lowMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Trifolium campestre var. campestre Hop Clover high

high MH Centaurium erythraea Common Centaury high lowMH Veronica arvensis Wall Speedwell high low MH Trifolium arvense var. arvense Hare's-foot Clover high

highMH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high high SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Clover high high MNG Aira caryophyllea Silvery Hair-grass high high

Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment September 2004© The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004www.dse.vic.gov.au


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland

Description:Treeless or sparsely treed shrubland of rocky alpine peaks greater than 1000m above sea level which are subject to low cloud cover and snowfall during winter. When present, trees are often stunted and low-growing and may form part of the dominant shrub layer.

Life Forms: Life

#Spp %Cover LF codeMedium Shrub 8 40% MS

Small Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 5 5% LHMedium Herb 7 5% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 5% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 5% GFScrambler or Climber 1 1% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

LF Code


Common NameMountain Pepper

MS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Leucopogon gelidus Drooping Beard-heathMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Rubus parvifolius Small-leaf BramblePS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Senecio gunnii Mountain FireweedMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-buttonsMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Chiloglottis gunnii s.l. Common Bird-orchidLTG Deyeuxia frigida Forest Bent-grassLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis Common WoodrushMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common Woodrush

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis

EVC 192: Montane Rocky Shrubland - Victorian Alps bioregion



Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactLH Sonchus oleraceus Common Sow-thistle high

low MH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Earhigh low

MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low




For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you www.dse.vic.gov.au

%cover40%

Character SpeciesEucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensis

Common NameAlpine Ash

Eucalyptus croajingolensisEucalyptus obliqua

Gippsland PeppermintMessmate

Understorey:Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 20% TMedium Shrub 7 25% MSSmall Shrub 3 10% SSLarge Herb 2 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 1% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 6 15% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 2 5% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL


Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 201: Shrubby Wet ForestDescription:Tall eucalypt forest to 30 m tall with scattered understorey trees over a tall broad-leaved shrubby understorey and a moist, shaded, fern-rich ground layer that is usually dominated by tree-ferns. Herbs may also be abundant where light penetrates the ground layer.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:

LF Code



MS Polyscias sambucifolia Elderberry PanaxMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Daviesia ulicifolia Gorse Bitter-peaMS Olearia phlogopappa Dusty Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Ozothamnus thyrsoideus Sticky EverlastingSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellLH Arthropodium milleflorum s.l. Pale Vanilla-lilyMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyMH Poranthera microphylla Small PorantheraMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Lomandra longifolia ssp. exilis Cluster-headed Mat-rushLTG Deyeuxia quadriseta Reed Bent-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Common WoodrushMTG Deyeuxia monticola var. monticola Mountain Bent-grass

MNG

Poa tenera Slender Tussock-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fern


EVC 201: Shrubby Wet Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive ImpactMH Hypochoeris radicata Cat's Ear high lowMH Prunella vulgaris Self-heal high low






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland

Description:Occurs primarily in areas at altitudes of around 1200 m above sea level. Structurally and floristically this EVC is dominated by grasses. Any shrubs present tend to be small and cryptic. The fertile and highly organic soils which are generally derived from granodiorite provide a suitable substrate for a lush cover of grasses and herbs, many specific to montane/sub-alpine environments. Snow persists for several months over winter. Species richness is low, indicative of the harsh environment.

Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub

#Spp1

%Cover5%


Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 3 5% LHMedium Herb 11 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 5 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 10% MNGBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BLSoil Crust na 10% S/C

LF Code


Common NameAlpine Baeckea

SS Grevillea australis Alpine GrevilleaSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-

heathSS Hovea montana Alpine Rusty-podsPS Pimelea alpina Alpine Rice-flowerMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisyMH Leptorhynchos squamatus Scaly ButtonsMH Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Common Billy-

buttonsSH Scleranthus biflorus s.l. Twin-flower KnawelSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortSH Cotula alpina Alpine CotulaMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-

sedgeMTG Poa fawcettiae Horny Snow-grassMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Poa costiniana Bog Snow-grassMNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-

rushR

ecruitment:Continuous

Organic Litter:

10% Cover

Weediness:LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact

MHMH SH

Acetosella vulgarisHypochoeris radicata Trifolium repens var. repens

Sheep SorrelCat's Ear White Clover

highhigh

hig

highlow high

EVC 206: Sub-alpine Grassland - Victorian Alps bioregion






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland

Description:Virtually treeless and characterised by a dense layer of low heathy shrubs to 2 m tall, with a number of sedges and rushes in the understorey. Occurs at elevations above 1000 m, in soaks or along small streams. Rainfall is generally greater than 1000 mm per annum, and during winter, this EVC can tolerate long periods of snow cover and low temperature. Deep, peaty, sodden soils are usually covered by a layer of sphagnum moss.

Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub

#Spp4

%Cover15%


Prostrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 1 1% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 4 10% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 1% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 4 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 2 15% MNGGround Fern 1 1% GFBryophytes/Lichens na 40% BL

LF Code


Common NameSwamp Heath

MS Baeckea gunniana Alpine BaeckeaMS Callistemon pityoides Alpine BottlebrushMS Baeckea utilis s.l. Mountain BaeckeaSS Richea continentis Candle HeathSS Olearia algida Mountain Daisy-bushLH Epilobium gunnianum Gunn's Willow-herbMH Astelia alpina var. novae-hollandiae Silver AsteliaMH Gentianella diemensis s.l. Mountain GentianMH Asperula gunnii Mountain WoodruffMH Celmisia asteliifolia spp. agg. Silver DaisySH Nertera granadensis Matted NerteraSH Oreobolus distichus Fan Tuft-rushSH Gonocarpus micranthus ssp. micranthus Creeping RaspwortLTG Carex appressa Tall SedgeMTG Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Grass Trigger-plantMTG Carpha nivicola Broad-leaf Flower-

rushMTG Isolepis aucklandica New Zealand Club-sedgeMTG Poa hiemata Soft Snow-grass

MNG Empodisma minus Spreading Rope-rushGF Lycopodium fastigiatum Mountain ClubmossGF Blechnum penna-marina ssp. alpina Alpine Water-fern

Recruitment:

Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years.

Organic Litter:

10% cover

Weediness:LF Code

MHTypical Weed SpeciesHypochoeris radicata

Common NameCat's Ear

Invasivehigh

Impactlow

EVC 210: Sub-alpine Wet Heathland - Victorian Alps bioregion






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest

Description:Grows in gullies and on protected slopes on relatively skeletal but fertile sedimentary soils. Occurs at elevations of around 500 m above sea level and receives a low to moderate annual rainfall of approximately 750 mm. The overstorey includes a variety of Eucalypt species to 25 m tall. Silver Wattle is a common understorey tree. The dense mid stratum is comprised ofmedium to large shrubs characteristic of both drier and damper environments. The ground layer has a sparse cover of grasses and herbs, and commonly includes Austral Bracken.


DBH(cm)90 cm

#/ha20 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate

StringybarkUnderstorey:

Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 4 20% TMedium Shrub 8 20% MSSmall Shrub 2 10% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 4 5% LHMedium Herb 8 15% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 2 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 2 5% LTGLarge Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% LNGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 3 10% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 5% MNGGround Fern 2 15% GFTree Fern 1 1% TRFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 316: Shrubby Damp Forest - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Pomaderris aspera Hazel PomaderrisT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Exocarpos cupressiformis Cherry BallartMS Cassinia longifolia Shiny CassiniaMS Pimelea axiflora Bootlace BushMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Olearia lirata Snowy Daisy-bushSS Olearia megalophylla Large-leaf Daisy-bushLH Senecio linearifolius Fireweed GroundselMH Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Ivy-leaf VioletMH Gonocarpus tetragynus Common RaspwortMH Lagenophora stipitata Common Bottle-daisyLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushLTG Gahnia sieberiana Red-fruit Saw-sedgeMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMTG Poa australis spp. agg. Tussock GrassMTG Dianella revoluta s.l. Black-anther Flax-lilyMTG Austrodanthonia pilosa Velvet Wallaby-grassMNG Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Weeping GrassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Blechnum wattsii Hard Water-fernSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:30 m/0.1 ha.


low MH Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Common Mouse-ear Chickweed high low






Victorian Alps bioregionEVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland

Description:Occurs on southern and eastern-facing slopes or in protected gullies at elevations of around 1000 m above sea level, and receives a high rainfall of almost 1110 mm per annum. It is subject to cold air drainage, which influences the species mix. A mixture of eucalypts to 25 m tall forms the overstorey, with Silver Wattle abundant below. The shrub layer is neither diverse nor dense. The ground layer carries a diversity of herbs, graminoids and grasses. Climbers are commonly present.


DBH(cm)70 cm

#/ha15 / ha

Tree Canopy Cover:%cover Character Species Common Name40% Eucalyptus radiata s.l.

Eucalyptus delegatensis ssp. delegatensisNarrow-leaf PeppermintAlpine Ash

Understorey: Life form #Spp %Cover LF codeImmature Canopy Tree 5% ITUnderstorey Tree or Large Shrub 2 10% TMedium Shrub 6 15% MSSmall Shrub 2 5% SSProstrate Shrub 1 1% PSLarge Herb 5 10% LHMedium Herb 12 20% MHSmall or Prostrate Herb 3 5% SHLarge Tufted Graminoid 1 5% LTGMedium to Small Tufted Graminoid 8 20% MTGMedium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid 1 1% MNGGround Fern 3 10% GFScrambler or Climber 2 5% SCBryophytes/Lichens na 20% BL

EVC 319: Montane Herb-rich Woodland - Victorian Alps bioregion

LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common NameT Acacia dealbata Silver WattleT Notelaea ligustrina Privet Mock-oliveMS Coprosma hirtella Rough CoprosmaMS Pultenaea juniperina s.l. Prickly Bush-peaMS Coprosma quadrifida Prickly Currant-bushMS Exocarpos strictus Pale-fruit BallartSS Olearia erubescens Moth Daisy-bushSS Leucopogon hookeri Mountain Beard-heathSS Tetratheca ciliata Pink-bellsPS Platylobium formosum Handsome Flat-peaLH Wahlenbergia stricta Tall BluebellLH Epilobium billardierianum Variable Willow-herbLH Picris angustifolia Native PicrisLH Derwentia derwentiana Derwent SpeedwellMH Ranunculus plebeius s.l. Forest/Hairy ButtercupMH Stellaria pungens Prickly StarwortMH Asperula scoparia Prickly WoodruffMH Acaena novae-zelandiae Bidgee-widgeeSH Hydrocotyle laxiflora Stinking PennywortSH Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Matted PratiaSH Leptinella filicula Mountain CotulaSH Oxalis exilis Shady Wood-sorrelLTG Poa helmsii Tall Mountain Tussock-grassLTG Lomandra longifolia Spiny-headed Mat-rushMTG Poa sieberiana Grey Tussock-grassMTG Carex breviculmis Common Grass-sedgeMTG Poa ensiformis Sword Tussock-grassMTG Dianella tasmanica Tasman Flax-lilyMNG Echinopogon ovatus Common Hedgehog-grassGF Pteridium esculentum Austral BrackenGF Polystichum proliferum Mother Shield-fernGF Asplenium flabellifolium Necklace FernSC Glycine clandestina Twining GlycineSC Clematis aristata Mountain Clematis



Logs:15 m/0.1 ha.


low SH Trifolium repens var. repens White Cloverhigh low





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