EVALUTION OF DOSSIERS IN WHO-PREQUALIFICATION PROJECT MULTISOURCE HIV/AIDS-DRUGS
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Transcript of EVALUTION OF DOSSIERS IN WHO-PREQUALIFICATION PROJECT MULTISOURCE HIV/AIDS-DRUGS
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 1
EVALUTION OF DOSSIERS IN WHO-PREQUALIFICATION PROJECT
MULTISOURCE HIV/AIDS-DRUGS
Evaluation of bioavailability/bioequivalence data
Based, with some changes on a presentation by Anna-Karin Hamberg
Medical products agency, Sweden
Presented byHans Kemmler
Consultant to WHO(Clinical Reviewer, Swissmedic, Switzerland)
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 2
Why do we need Bioequivalence studies?
No clinical studies have been performed in
patients with the Generic Product to support
its Efficacy and Safety.
With data to support similar in vivo
performance (= Bioequivalence)
Efficacy and Safety
data can be extrapolated from the Innovator
Product to the Generic Product.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 3
Overview
Definition of some important Bioequivalence [BE] terms
Key issues in the WHO Manual Annex 3 “Guidelines on Requirements to Establish Interchangeability”
Major Deficiencies in BE-Studies identified within the WHO Procurement, Quality and Sourcing Project: HIV/Aids Drugs
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 4
Overview
A Note on Choice of Reference
Products
Present new WHO Template for
Assessment of Bioequivalence data
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 5
Bioavailability
“ .. the extent and the rate at which a
substance or its active moiety is delivered
from a pharmaceutical form and becomes
available in the general circulation.”
Reference:
intravenous administration = 100% bioavailability
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 6
Plasma concentration time profile
Cmax
Tmax
AUC
time
concentration
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 7
Important Pharmacokinetic Parameters
AUC: area under the concentration-time curve measure of the extent of bioavailability
Cmax: the observed maximum concentration
of drug measure of both the rate of absorption and the extent of bioavailability
tmax: the time after administration of drug at
which Cmax is observed measure of the
rate of absorption
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 8
Bioavailability
Absolute bioavailability (F):
Relative bioavailability (Frel)
larextravascu
ravenousint
ravenousint
larextravascu
DoseDose
AUCAUC
F
1larextravascu
2larextravascu
2larextravascu
1larextravascurel Dose
DoseAUCAUC
F
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 9
Bioavailability: Same Dose
Absolute bioavailability (F):
Relative bioavailability (Frel)
larextravascu
ravenousint
ravenousint
larextravascu
DoseDose
AUCAUC
F
1larextravascu
2larextravascu
2larextravascu
1larextravascurel Dose
DoseAUCAUC
F
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 10
Pharmaceutical Equivalents
contain the same amount of the same active
substance in the same dosage form
meet the same or comparable standards
intended to be administered by the same
route
Pharmaceutical equivalence by itself does not
necessarily imply therapeutic equivalence
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 11
Pharmaceutical Equivalents
Possible Differences
Drug particle size
Excipients
Manufacturing
Equipment or
Process
Site of manufacture
Test Reference
Could lead to differences in product performance in vivo
Possible Bioinequivalence
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 12
Bioequivalence
Two products are bioequivalent if
they are pharmaceutically equivalent
bioavailabilities (both rate and extent) after
administration in the same molar dose are
similar to such a degree that their effects
can be expected to be essentially the same
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 13
Therapeutic equivalence
Two products are therapeutically equivalent if
pharmaceutically equivalent
their effects, with respect to both efficacy and
safety, will be essentially the same as derived
from appropriate studies– bioequivalence studies– pharmacodynamic studies– clinical studies – in vitro studies
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 14
Interchangeable pharmaceutical products
If a product is demonstrated to be
therapeutically equivalent to a reference
product, then the products are considered
interchangeable.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 15
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Quantitative determinations of drugs
in biological samples, such as blood
or plasma, play a significant role in
evaluation and interpretation of
bioequivalence data.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 16
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Essential to use a well-characterised
and fully validated analytical method
to yield reliable results.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 17
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Method Validation should include– Accuracy– Precision– Sensitivity– Specificity– Recovery– Stability
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 18
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Accuracy
Closeness of determined value to the true value.
The acceptance criteria is mean value 15% deviation from true value.
At LOQ, 20% deviation is acceptable.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 19
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Precision
The closeness of replicate determinations of a sample by an assay.
The acceptance criteria is 15% CV. At LOQ, 20% deviation is acceptable.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 20
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Sensitivity
The limit of quantitation (LOQ) is the lowest concentration which can be measured with acceptable accuracy and precision.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 21
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Specificity (selectivity)
Ability of the method to measure only what it is intended to measure in the presence of other components in the sample. Blank samples of the biological matrix should be tested for interfering peaks.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 22
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Recovery
The extraction efficiency of an analytical process, reported as a percentage of the known amount of an analyte carried through the sample extraction and processing steps of the method. Recovery does not have to be 100%, but the extent of recovery of an analyte and of the internal standard should be consistent.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 23
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Stability Stability of the drug in the biological matrix during
the collection process,
the sample storage period and
sample analysis,
should be established.
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Shanghai, 2005-02-28 24
Bioanalytical Method Validation
Useful references:
FDA Guidance for Industry
Bioanalytical Method Validation (May 2001)(http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/4252fnl.pdf)
Published Workshop Reports
Shah, V.P. et al, Pharmaceutical Research: 1992; 9:588-592
Shah, V.P. et al, Pharmaceutical Research: 2000; 17: 1551-1557