Evaluation of Wintertime CO and NOx Emissions Inventories ...
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Evaluation of Wintertime CO and NOx Emissions Inventories from the Treasure Valley PM2.5 Precursor Study H.W. Wallace, M.H. Erickson, J. Vaughan, J.K. McCoskey, B.K. Lamb, B.T. Jobson NW‐AIRQUEST Annual Meeting April 1, 2010
Transcript of Evaluation of Wintertime CO and NOx Emissions Inventories ...
EvaluationofWintertimeCOandNOxEmissionsInventoriesfromtheTreasureValleyPM2.5
PrecursorStudyH.W.Wallace,M.H.Erickson,J.Vaughan,J.K.McCoskey,B.K.Lamb,B.T.Jobson
NW‐AIRQUESTAnnualMeetingApril1,2010
TreasureValleyPM2.5PrecursorStudy Goal:Tocharacterizeatmospheric
PM2.5,precursorgases,andtherelevantmeteorologyduringtypicalwintertimeconditions.
TwomonthstudyinBoise,ID. Dec.2008‐Jan.2009
Success! >90%Datacompletenessforall
buttwoinstruments. Sampledasignificantwintertime
stagnationevent.
SiteOverview
MACLLocation
ThesiteisborderedonthesouthbyI‐84.DowntownBoiseisapproximately7milestotheeastandSt.Luke’sMeridianMedicalCenterislocatedimmediatelywestofthesite.
Aerosol
ParticleSizeDistributionnanoSMPS(3‐60nm)(Assembledinhouse
withTSIcomponents)longSMPS(40‐700nm)(Assembledin
housewithTSIcomponents)APS(0.6‐20um)(TSI)
BulkSolubleCompositionParticle‐Into‐LiquidSampler–PILS
(Brechtel)Inorganics(SO4,NO3,Cl,NH4,Na,Mg,...)
byIonChromatography(Metrohm‐Peak)WatersolubleorganiccarbonbyTOC
analysis(Sievers/GEAnalytical)
CloudCondensationNuclei(DMT)AerosolSpatialVariabilityandOptical
Depth(LeosphereAerosolLidar)
Meteorology
P,T,RH,Windspeed&direction,Precip(VaisalaWXT)
BoundaryLayerHeight(LeosphereAerosolLidar)
TraceGases
Ozone(Dasibi)CarbonMonoxide(Aerolaser)NOx/NOy(AirQualityDesign)SO2(Teledyne)TimeResolvedVOCs(PTR‐MS,Ionicon)SpeciatedVOCs(notdeployedinBoise)
VarianGC‐MSCustom2‐channelVOCpreconcentrator
MACLInstrumentation
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0 - 1 1 - 2 2 - 3 3 - 4 4 - 5 5 - 6 6 - 7 7 - 8 8 - 9 9 - 10 10 - 11 11 - 12 12+ (m/s)
WindRosePlot:
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10Wind Speed 2 min average, (m/s)
WXT 2 Minute Average
WindSpeedLogHistogram:
BoiseWinds
DiurnalAverageProfileofPBLHeightandAerosolOpticalDepth,Dec‐Jan
NormalizedresidencetimeforTreasureValleyairmasses10meterheight 50meterheight
GraphicscourtesyofIliasKavourasofTheDesertResearchInstituteandIdahoDepartmentofEnvironmentalQuality.
UsehighresolutionCOandNOxobservationstoevaluateemissions
•Parishetal.(2006)comparedmeasuredratiosofCOtoNOxtoemissionsinventories.
•MeasuredCOtoNOxratiosaremuchlowerthanemissionsinventories.
•WhatisthesituationinBoise?
TimeseriesofCOandNOxduringJanuary2009
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0.4
0.3
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Ben
zene
, Tol
uene
, C2-
Ben
zene
s, (
nmol
/mol
)
242220181614121086420Time of Day
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x, (nmol/m
ol)
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CO
, (nm
ol/m
ol)
Diel CO Diel NOx Diel Benzene Diel Toluene
DiurnalconcentrationsofautomobileexhausttracersandNOx
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CO, (nmol/mol) NOx, (nmol/mol)
•COandNOxlevelsdisplayedlittlewinddirectiondependence.•CO/NOxratioswerealsonotdependentonwinddirection
ObservedCOvs.NOxratiofortheentiremonitoringperiod(90sdata)
ObservedCOvs.NOxratioduringmorningrushhour(5:00amto9:00am)
DielvariationofΔCO/ΔNOxfromDec2,2008toJan31,2009
EmissionsgeneratedforAIRPACT‐3
•76%COemissionsmobile•57%NOxemissionsmobile
MeasurementandAIRPACT‐3resultsforJanuary2009
AIRPACT‐3TotalEmissions
AIRPACT‐3MobileEmissions
Measuredmixingratios
AIRPACT‐3mixingratios
HistogramofAIRPACT‐3andmeasuredCOmixingratios
HistogramofAIRPACT‐3andmeasuredNOxmixingratios
Source ΔCO/ΔNOxMeasurement (mol/mol)
Entirecampaignhighres. 4.6Rushhourhighres. 4.0Rushhourmedian 3.6
Entirecampaign1hravg. 4.6IDEQ1hr 3.3Model
Mixingratioresults 13.8Mobileemissions 18.9TotalEmissions 14.4
EmissionsRatioSummary:
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
Ben
zene
, (nm
ol/m
ol)
12001000800600400200CO, (nmol/mol)
SLOPE=0.0013 ± 0.00005
R2=.88
Morning Rush Hour Benzene vs. CO
BENZENE vs. CO fit_BENZENE vs. CO
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4
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1
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Tol
uene
, (nm
ol/m
ol)
12001000800600400200 CO, (nmol/mol)
Rush Hour Toluene vs CO fit Rush Hour Toluene vs CO
Morning Rush Hour Toluene vs. CO
SLOPE=0.003 ± 0.0005
R2=.88
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1.4
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Ben
zene
, (nm
ol/m
ol)
20015010050 NOx, (nmol/mol)
Morning Rush Hour Benzene vs. NOx
Benzene vs. NOx fit_Benzene vs. NOx
SLOPE=0.0054 ± 0.0005
R2=.77
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Tol
uene
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ol/m
ol)
20015010050 NOx, (nmol/mol)
Rush Hour Toluene vs NOx fit Rush Hour Toluene vs NOx
Morning Rush Hour Toluene vs. Nox
SLOPE =0.010 ±.001
R2=. 73
VOCRatiosformorningrushhour
Conclusions:•ModelCO/NOxratiosare3to4timeshigherthanobserved
•HistogramssuggestthattheemissionsinventorycapturesNOxemissionsbetterthanCOemissions.
•HowwillthischangewithanewEIand/orwiththenewMOtorVehicleEmissionsSimulator2010(MOVES2010)?
•Howdomodelratioscomparetoobservationsforotherspecies(VOC/NOx)?
Acknowledgements:WewouldliketothankIDEQforsupport,NSFforfundingtheMobileAtmosphericChemistryLabandNW‐AIRQUESTforsupportoftheAIRPACTforecastsystem.
Instrumentation:
NOx:•AirQualityDesign,Inc.twochannel,highsensitivity,chemiluminescentNOdetector.•Molybdenumoxidecatalyticconverteronchannel1(NOy).•SolidstatephotolyticNO2converteronchannel2(NOx).•Calibrationinzeroairwith5.03ppmv±1.0%EPANOstandardfromScottMarrin,Inc.•90secondaverage
CO:•AeroLaserAL5002FastCOMonitor.•Spancalibrationwith0.250%±2%NISTtraceable.•90secondaverage
