Evaluation of-greenhouse-gas-emission-of-e-commerce-feb2014 eng
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Transcript of Evaluation of-greenhouse-gas-emission-of-e-commerce-feb2014 eng
EVALUATION OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS
OF E-COMMERCE
FUTURIDEA 14/02/2014 – Benevento - Italy
Valerio Morfino
Information Technology and the
Internet generate CO2
Is it sufficient not to print email messages to make
Internet free of greenhouse gas emissions?
The entire Information and
Communication Technology (ICT)
contribute about 2% of global CO2
emissions.
This is the same value produced by
the entire avionics industry.
Valerio Morfino
The use of Internet and its services generates greenhouse gas emissions
Sending an email generate an emission of 4 g of CO2
In a year:
Skype produces 24 millions tons
Facebook 13.6 millions tons
The whole Internet 300 millions tons
It is estimated that by 2020, CO2 emissions from the ICT industry should
at least double
Some DATA Valerio Morfino
Value of B2C ecommerce
Worldwide 2020
$3.2 trillion*
Worldwide 2015
$1.77 trillion**
North America 2015
$538.3 billion**
Western Europe 2015
$382.7 billion**
* Frost&Sullivan Research 2014
** E-marketers 2014
Valerio Morfino
How an e-commerce site emits CO2?
Direct Emissions
• For example, the greenhouse gas emitted for products delivery to customers
Indirect emissions
• Servers, PCs and network devices works using electricity.
• The production of electricity generates CO2 emissions (eg. Usa2013, 39% of electricity is generated by Coal*)
Valerio Morfino
* ww.eia.gov – U.S. Energy Information Administration
Evaluation elements
Elements used for CO2 emission evaluation
Hardware SoftwareWeb
Design
Web Marketing
Other
Elements
Valerio Morfino
Software
The energy performance of a software is related to the software quality
ηi is software energy efficiency rate
ηi → 1 in ideal conditions it tends to 1
Factors affecting software performance:
Algorithms used(CPU)
Appropriate data sizing (CPU)
Database Quality and Optimisation (CPU, HD)
Proper use of cache systems Server side and Client side (CPU, HD)
Size of multimedia resources (CPU)
Valerio Morfino
Web Design and Usability
The Web Design activity includes tasks related to
design and implementation of a website
In the evaluation of the energy performance are
relevant factors such as:
quantity, quality and compression ratio of Multimedia
Resources
Web Site Usability
Valerio Morfino
Web Design and Usability
Quality of multimedia resources used in the site ismeasured with ηm, multimedia resources energyefficiency rate
Usability is measured with ηnd efficiency rate of Web Site Surfing, related to Web Design work
A usable web site allows you to find products faster browsing less pages
This value is related to parameters like pages per visit and duration of the visit
Valerio Morfino
Web Marketing
Online Marketing or Web Marketing refers to a set of tools and methodologies used for promoting products and services through the Internet. In the case of an eCommerce it refers to bring visits to the website and convert them into sales.
Some tools and methodologies :
SEO (Search Engine Optimization)
SEM (Search Engine Marketing)
DEM (Direct Email Marketing)
PPC (Pay Per Click)
Viral Marketing Campaigns
Prices and discount policies
Contents and website Design
Valerio Morfino
Web Marketing
To evaluate the overall efficiency of the Web
Marketing we refer to the conversion rate Tc, ie the
number of visits that become orders. It is measured
with ηwm efficiency rate of Web Marketing
A good reference value for the conversion rate is 3%*
This means that 97% of visits to a site generates CO2
emissions, without economic benefits directly related
*(Forrester Research 2013)
Valerio Morfino
Examples of emission values
For a website with the following parameters*
Average session duration 8,7 min.
Devices 75% Desktop; 16% Mobile; 9% Tablet
Pages/Session 9,7
Average page weight 430 Kb
The emission includes the contribution of Server, End User Devices and Network equipment
It is excluded the emission caused by delivery of goods
* Parameters can be found via Google Analytics
4.700 visits/month
1,1 T CO2
per year15.600 visits/month
3,3 T CO2
per year100.000 visits/month
22,2 T CO2
per year
Valerio Morfino
Case Study – Design Optimization
We will examine a website with 4700 visits / month
Improving design parameters ηm and ηnd
compared to the data of the previous slide:
Average session duration < 20%
Pages/Session < 20%
Average Page Weight < 20%
We have:
Total CO2 emissioni: Kg. 751,9 Kg /year
A reduction of 32%
Valerio Morfino
Conclusions
The quality of implementation and the quality of services provided for an eCommerce website is related to the website energy performance and so to its Co2 emissions
Apartments, televisions, refrigerators ... Even an eCommerce site can be more or less Ecological
Currently the CO2 emissions of ecommerce sites is a small value, but data shows that the use of Internet and of eCommerce is increasing dramatically. The identification of metrics and optimization criteria will be certainly helpful.
Valerio Morfino
Thanks for your attention
Valerio Morfino – [email protected]
Full Work:
Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions of E-commerce (Valerio Morfino, Alessandro Perrella and Salvatore Rampone) in Global Sustainability Inside and Outside the Territory: Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop
Edited by: Carmine Nardone , Salvatore Rampone
WSPC (23 dicembre 2014)
ISBN: 978-981-4651-31-8 (hardcover); ISBN: 978-981-4651-33-2 (ebook)
Valerio Morfino