8/22/2019 Evaluation, Leadership Report

1/4

What is Evaluation?

Evaluation is a process by which people, consciously or unconsciously, go through

in their everyday life.

Evaluation is determining the value, worth or significance of something- people,

places, objects, products, plans, works of art, methods and processes.

TYPES OF EVALUATION

In general, there are two types of evaluation: (a) quantitative, and (b) qualitative.

a. QUANTITATIVE EVALUATIONIn quantitative evaluation the criteria used as indicators of success or ofhaving achieved the objectives are measurable or quantifiable variables, and

accounting is done in terms of quantity or numbers of resources expended,

services provided and/or outcomes realized.

b. QUALITATIVE EVALUATIONQualitative evaluation relates to the quality or character of the person,

service, activity, program or resource being evaluated.

Dimensions:

1. Effectiveness- refers to the extent to which planned objectives have beenattained as a result of undertaking nursing activities or nursing

intervention measures with the use of certain resources (time, effort,

materials, or funds).

2. Efficiency- relates to the cost in terms of resources expanded in theperformance of an activity in order to achieve the preset objectives.

3. Appropriateness- refers to the ability to solve or correct the existingproblem situation, a question that involves technical knowledge and

professional judgment.

4. Adequacy- adequacy of nursing care pertains to comprehensiveness, thatis, whether all necessary and appropriate activities were performed in

order to realize the intended results.

8/22/2019 Evaluation, Leadership Report

2/4

5. Impact- impact is an expression of the overall effect of a program,service, activity or intervention measure on the clients health and

functioning.

6. Progress- an assessment of progress is concerned with the comparison ofactual with planned activities and results, the identification of reasons forachievements or shortcomings and the determination of remedies for the

shortcomings identified.

Evaluation of nursing care can focus on certain specific items under the levels of

structure/resources/inputs, process and outcome.

A.Evaluation of Structure/Resource/Inputs- this level of evaluation pertains tothe evaluation of the amount and quality of human and material resources, aswell as time, that serves inputs in the nursing care process.

1. Resources of the nurse- these refer to the inputs the nurse brings to thecare process and includes:

a. Level of competence in the performance of her roles and functions,specifically the depth and breadth of her technical knowledge, skills

proficiency, attitudes and values relevant to her work.

b. Material resources such as equipment, supplies, funds, transportfacility, etc. which are planned t o be used and as identified in thenursing care plan.

c. Time and effort allocated and actually expended by the nurse in thecare of the client/patients.

2. Resources of the client/patient- these cover the human and materialresources contributed by the client/patient in the planning and

implementation of nursing care and include:

a. Human resourcesb. Level competencec. Material resources

3. Resources of the communitya. Health manpower resourcesb. Health care facilitiesc.Non-health institutions, governments and non-government, which

are engaged in family and community development work.

8/22/2019 Evaluation, Leadership Report

3/4

4. The nursing care plana. Assessment of the client situationb. Objectives of carec. Activities and interventionsd. Resources to be used.e. Plan for evaluation of care

B.Evaluation of Process- can be focuses on any one or more of the followingitems which relate to the implementation of the plan of care:

1. Quantity of services actually delivered or nursing interventionmeasures actually implemented.

2. Estimated quality of nursing services rendered.3. Quality of the nurses work performance including involvementand participation of the client/patient in the implementation of the

care plan.

C.Evaluation of Outcome- outcomes of nursing care at various levels of carecan come in different forms, which then become the focus of the evaluation.

The following are specific outcomes of nursing care which can be assessed

in individual clients/patients, family, a specific population group or the

community as a whole:

1. Change in health status as measured by appropriate indicators, andby changes in fertility, morbidity and mortality patterns in a group

or community.

2. Change in pattern of communication interaction and relationships,improved assumption of expected roles and functions and in

overall functioning of an individual client/patient the family as a

unit, a group or the whole community.

3. Prevention of unwanted results or negative outcomes such asprevention of complications in a post-operative patient newly

discharged for the hospital, prevention of separation of a constantly

squabbling couple, prevention of an epidemic of a disease among

workers or in the whole community.

4. Change in the quality of the environment such as improvedcleanliness and order in the home, improved sanitation facility of a

factory or school, or reduced littering in the community.

8/22/2019 Evaluation, Leadership Report

4/4

5. Change in the behavior and/or lifestyle, specifically changes inattitudes, values and behavior which influence health such as

cessation of unhealthful habits and practices and adoption of

practice of health promotive and disease preventive activities.

6. Changes in the level of competence in matter relating to health andhealth care.

7. Satisfaction or dissatisfaction of the client/patient with nursingservices received.

STEPS IN EVALUATING NURSING CARE

1. Review the health and/or problem situation of the client/patient prior tonursing interventions.

2. Review the nursing care plan, particularly the objectives of nursing care.3. Decide on what type of evaluation to conduct.4. Decide what to evaluate.5. Based on the decisions made, define the criteria for evaluations.6. Decide on the methods of data collection and identify the sources of

evaluative data as well as efficiency of data gathering.

7. Gather the data based on the criteria for evaluation.8. Analyzed the data obtain.9. Based on the results of the data analysis made, make a judgment or draw a

conclusion.

10.Identify the possible causes for non-or partial achievement of nursing careobjectives.

11.Redefine the objectives for future care based on the results of andconclusions drawn from the evaluation process.