Evaluating & predicting impacts of globally invasive freshwater fishes

using multi-population comparisons Sunčica Avlijaš*, Nicholas Mandrak, Jonathan Fischer-Rush, Anthony Ricciardi

Context-dependency of invasion

THE

PR

OB

LEM

1

SITE A

SITE B

SITE C

?

Predicting Establishment

THE

PR

OB

LEM

1

Predicting Impacts

THE

PR

OB

LEM

1

SITE A

SITE B

SITE C

Large-scale geographic comparisons IN

TRO

DU

CTI

ON

2

Evaluating & Predicting Impacts

1- Tench as a model species

2- Quantifying impacts of Tench and Round Goby in the St. Lawrence River

3- Predicting Invasion patterns using morphometric analysis

OU

TLIN

E

3

Tench (Tinca tinca)

Countries with at least one system invaded by Tench

MO

DEL

SP

ECIE

S

4

turbidity

macrophytes

(Schallenberg & Sorrell 2009,

MO

DEL

SP

ECIE

S

Tench Impacts

molluscs

periphyton

Brönmark 1994,

Common Carp

trout

Innal & Erk’akan 2006, Washington Fish & Wildlife 2014,

pathogenic cestode

Marcogliese et al. 2009) 5

MO

DEL

SP

ECIE

S

European Perch

waterfowl

Copper Redhorse

European Eel

Rudd

HYPOTHESIZED COMPETITION (diet overlap studies)

Tench Impacts

(Giles et al. 1990, Kennedy and Fitzmaur 1970, Masson et al. 2013) 6

Quantifying impacts of Tench and Round Goby on resident fish communities in the St. Lawrence River

MET

HO

DS

Round Goby

Tench

(A) Historical analysis: pre-invasion versus post-invasion

(B) Spatial analysis: invaded versus uninvaded

(C) Diet study: identify potential competitors

(D) FR Experiments: per capita effects 7

(A) Historical analysis: pre-invasion versus post-invasion

(B) Spatial analysis: invaded versus uninvaded

(C) Diet study: identify potential competitors

(D) FR Experiments: per capita effects``

MET

HO

DS

8

St. Lawrence River Historical Data

Lac Saint-François

Lac Saint-Louis

Lac Saint-Pierre

Montreal-Sorel

Archipelago du Lac Saint-Pierre

Grondines Saint-Nicolas

Becancour-Batiscan

Sampled by sector: 1995-present One sector/ year Gill nets Seine nets

SPR

EAD

9

Round Goby and Tench in the St. Lawrence

2013

2006

2010

2007 2008

2011

2009

1

10

100

1000

10000

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

# o

f Te

nch

Year

Tench captures by commercial fishermen in Lac St. Pierre

Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R

ESU

LTS

10

Lac Saint-François

Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R

ESU

LTS

10

Lac Saint-Louis

Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R

ESU

LTS

10

Archipelago du Lac Saint-Pierre

Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R

ESU

LTS

10

Lac Saint-Pierre

Have fish communities changed after these invasions? R

ESU

LTS

10

Becancour-Batiscan

NEX

T ST

EP

Field study: invaded vs. uninvaded

Sites sampled in the St. Lawrence River 2015

Legend

11

Quantifying impacts

Round Goby

Tench

(A) Historical analysis: pre-invasion versus post-invasion

(B) Spatial analysis: invaded versus uninvaded

(C) Diet study: identify potential competitors

(D) FR Experiments: per capita effects 11

Forecasting Impact using Morphometric analysis

Data sources: archived collections & field photographs

MO

RP

HO

MET

RIC

S

12

Morphometrics of native & non-native fishes in three South African rivers

MO

RP

HO

MET

RIC

S

13

Morphometrics of native & non-native fishes in the Olifants River (S. Africa)

FOR

ECA

STIN

G

14

K t

Introduced species

Tench

Olifants River

Morphometrics of native & non-native fishes in the Olifants River (S. Africa)

FOR

ECA

STIN

G

15

K t

Introduced species

Tench

Olifants River

Ha: Impact increases with distinctiveness (e.g. novel predator)

Hb: Impact increases with similarity (e.g. competition, hybridization)

Predicting Impacts SU

MM

AR

Y

16

•Quantify Impact under different contexts

• Compare impact across disparate sites: • Relate abundance and per-capita effects to abiotic

variables (Field surveys & Functional response experiments) • Incorporate effect of recipient community context

(Morphometrics)

Acknowledgements TH

AN

K Y

OU

Ricciardi Lab

17

Olaf Weyl, Darragh Woodford, Rowshyra Castaneda, Steven Crookes.

SPR

EAD

9

Tench in North America

(c) Diet overlap (H1) C

ha

pte

r 3

Competition

Tench, Round Goby & co-occurring fishes:

• stomach content ID

• quantify overlap

• Identify potential competition

• Correlate to declines (in a & b)

19

(d) Functional response experiments C

ha

pte

r 3

Fr experiments comparing per capita effects of invasive and

native fishes under varying environmental parameters

• E.g. DO, Specific Conductivity, turbidity

Pre

y co

nsu

me

d

Prey density offered

Pre

y co

nsu

me

d

Prey density offered

Round Goby Tench Native competitor

Low DO High DO

20

Shape space: modeling biotic interactions

(Azzurro et al. 2014 in Ecology Letters)

native species

14

Inva

de

r ab

un

dan

ce

Morpho space overlap high overlap

occasional to common; never very abundant

rare

very abundant

• Niche utilization is constrained by phenotype

Chapter 5

Bower and Piller 2015, Journal of fish biology

• Morpho shape predicts trophic guild

• No correlation of shape with substrate or stream depth

• Found a correlation between flow and shape

• Weak correlation between depth and shape (in non-stream fishes)

XI

Chapter 5

Oliveira et al. 2010, Neotropical Ichthyology

• Strong correlation to trophic guild • Poor correlation with habitat

XII

Chapter 5

Smith et al. 2015, Evolutionary Biology

Comparison of centrarchids • Found no correlation between

habitat (pelagic vs benthic) and shape

• Strong correlation between shape and diet

XIII